1
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Lee DA, Lee HJ, Park KM. Altered cerebellar volumes and intrinsic cerebellar networks in patients with transient global amnesia. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:315-323. [PMID: 38057649 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the differences in cerebellar volumes and intrinsic cerebellar networks between patients with transient global amnesia (TGA) and healthy controls. We retrospectively enrolled patients with TGA and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We used three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging at the time of TGA diagnosis to obtain cerebellar volumes, and the intrinsic cerebellar network was calculated by applying graph theory based on cerebellar volumes. The nodes were defined as individual cerebellar volumes, and edges as partial correlations, controlling for the effects of age and sex. The cerebellar volumes and intrinsic cerebellar networks were compared between the two groups. We enrolled 44 patients with TGA and 47 healthy controls. The volume of the left cerebellar white matter in patients with TGA was significantly lower than that in healthy controls (1.0328 vs. 1.0753%, p = 0.0094). In addition, there were significant differences in intrinsic cerebellar networks between the two groups. The small-worldness index in patients with TGA was higher than that in the healthy controls (0.951 vs. 0.880, p = 0.038). In the correlation analysis, the volumes of the right cerebellar cortex and lobules VIIIB were significantly correlated with age in patients with TGA (r = -0.323, p = 0.033; r = -0.313, p = 0.038, respectively). Patients with TGA exhibit alterations in cerebellar volumes and intrinsic cerebellar networks compared with healthy controls. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ah Lee
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae-Ro 875, Haeundae-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Radiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Min Park
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae-Ro 875, Haeundae-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Feng P, Jiang R, Wei L, Calhoun VD, Jing B, Li H, Sui J. Determining four confounding factors in individual cognitive traits prediction with functional connectivity: an exploratory study. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2011-2020. [PMID: 35567795 PMCID: PMC9977351 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) has been widely adopted for individualized trait prediction. However, multiple confounding factors may impact the predicted brain-behavior relationships. In this study, we investigated the impact of 4 confounding factors including time series length, functional connectivity (FC) type, brain parcellation choice, and variance of the predicted target. The data from Human Connectome Project including 1,206 healthy subjects were employed, with 3 cognitive traits including fluid intelligence, working memory, and picture vocabulary ability as the prediction targets. We compared the prediction performance under different settings of these 4 factors using partial least square regression. Results demonstrated appropriate time series length (300 time points) and brain parcellation (independent component analysis, ICA100/200) can achieve better prediction performance without too much time consumption. FC calculated by Pearson, Spearman, and Partial correlation achieves higher accuracy and lower time cost than mutual information and coherence. Cognitive traits with larger variance among subjects can be better predicted due to the well elaboration of individual variability. In addition, the beneficial effects of increasing scan duration to prediction partially arise from the improved test-retest reliability of RSFC. Taken together, the study highlights the importance of determining these factors in RSFC-based prediction, which can facilitate standardization of RSFC-based prediction pipelines going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujie Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Xitoutiao No. 10, Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai District, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Rongtao Jiang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, 06510 CT, United States
| | - Lijiang Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Xitoutiao No. 10, Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai District, 100069 Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekou Outer Street, Haidian District, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, 55 Park Pl NE, Atlanta, 30303, GA, United States
| | - Bin Jing
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Xitoutiao No. 10, Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai District, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Haiyun Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Xitoutiao No. 10, Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai District, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekou Outer Street, Haidian District, 100875 Beijing, China.,Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, 55 Park Pl NE, Atlanta, 30303, GA, United States
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3
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Beeraka NM, Nikolenko VN, Khaidarovich ZF, Valikovna OM, Aliagayevna RN, Arturovna ZL, Alexandrovich KA, Mikhaleva LM, Sinelnikov MY. Recent Investigations on the Functional Role of Cerebellar Neural Networks in Motor Functions & Nonmotor Functions -Neurodegeneration. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1865-1878. [PMID: 35272590 PMCID: PMC9886798 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220310121441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is a well-established primary brain center in charge of controlling sensorimotor functions and non-motor functions. Recent reports depicted the significance of cerebellum in higher-order cognitive functions, including emotion-processing, language, reward-related behavior, working memory, and social behavior. As it can influence diverse behavioral patterns, any defects in cerebellar functions could invoke neuropsychiatric diseases as indicated by the incidence of alexithymia and induce alterations in emotional and behavioral patterns. Furthermore, its defects can trigger motor diseases, such as ataxia and Parkinson's disease (PD). In this review, we have extensively discussed the role of cerebellum in motor and non-motor functions and how the cerebellum malfunctions in relation to the neural circuit wiring as it could impact brain function and behavioral outcomes in patients with neuropsychiatric diseases. Relevant data regarding cerebellar non-motor functions have been vividly described, along with anatomy and physiology of these functions. In addition to the defects in basal ganglia, the lack of activity in motor related regions of the cerebellum could be associated with the severity of motor symptoms. All together, this review delineates the importance of cerebellar involvement in patients with PD and unravels a crucial link for various clinical aspects of PD with specific cerebellar sub-regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir N. Nikolenko
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Human Anatomy,I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mikhail Y. Sinelnikov
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Human Anatomy,I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; E-mail:
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4
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Pu M, Heleven E, Ma Q, Bylemans T, Baetens K, Haihambo NP, Baeken C, Deroost N, Van Overwalle F. The posterior cerebellum and social action sequences in a cooperative context. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022:10.1007/s12311-022-01420-5. [PMID: 35648333 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has suggested that the posterior cerebellum encodes predictions and sequences of social actions, and also supports detecting inconsistent trait-implying actions of individuals as discussed by Pu et al. (2020, 2021). However, little is known about the role of the posterior cerebellum in detecting sequencing and inconsistencies by a group of individuals during social interaction. Therefore, the present study investigates these cerebellar functions during inconsistent trait-implying actions in a cooperative context. We presented scenarios in which two fictitious protagonists work together to accomplish a common (positive or negative) goal, followed by six sentences describing actions that implied a personality trait of the protagonists. Participants had to memorize the sequence of these actions. Crucially, the implied trait of the actions of the first protagonist contributed to achieving the goal, whereas the implied trait of the second protagonist was either consistent or inconsistent with that goal. As comparison, we added control conditions where participants had to memorize sequences of nonsocial events (implying the same characteristic of two objects), or simply read the social actions without memorizing their order. We found that the posterior cerebellum was activated while memorizing the sequence of social actions compared to simply reading these actions. More importantly, the cerebellar Crus was more strongly activated when detecting inconsistent (as opposed to consistent) actions, especially when inconsistent negative actions impeded a positive goal, relative to consistent negative actions that supported a negative goal. In conclusion, these findings confirm the crucial role of the posterior cerebellum in memorizing social action sequences and extend the cerebellar function in identifying inconsistencies in an individual's actions in a social collaborative context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pu
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Elien Heleven
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Qianying Ma
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tom Bylemans
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Baetens
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Naem Patemoshela Haihambo
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Natacha Deroost
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Overwalle
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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5
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Yalçin M, Mundorf A, Thiel F, Amatriain-Fernández S, Kalthoff IS, Beucke JC, Budde H, Garthus-Niegel S, Peterburs J, Relógio A. It's About Time: The Circadian Network as Time-Keeper for Cognitive Functioning, Locomotor Activity and Mental Health. Front Physiol 2022; 13:873237. [PMID: 35547585 PMCID: PMC9081535 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.873237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of organisms including mammals have evolved a 24h, self-sustained timekeeping machinery known as the circadian clock (biological clock), which enables to anticipate, respond, and adapt to environmental influences such as the daily light and dark cycles. Proper functioning of the clock plays a pivotal role in the temporal regulation of a wide range of cellular, physiological, and behavioural processes. The disruption of circadian rhythms was found to be associated with the onset and progression of several pathologies including sleep and mental disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Thus, the role of the circadian clock in health and disease, and its clinical applications, have gained increasing attention, but the exact mechanisms underlying temporal regulation require further work and the integration of evidence from different research fields. In this review, we address the current knowledge regarding the functioning of molecular circuits as generators of circadian rhythms and the essential role of circadian synchrony in a healthy organism. In particular, we discuss the role of circadian regulation in the context of behaviour and cognitive functioning, delineating how the loss of this tight interplay is linked to pathological development with a focus on mental disorders and neurodegeneration. We further describe emerging new aspects on the link between the circadian clock and physical exercise-induced cognitive functioning, and its current usage as circadian activator with a positive impact in delaying the progression of certain pathologies including neurodegeneration and brain-related disorders. Finally, we discuss recent epidemiological evidence pointing to an important role of the circadian clock in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müge Yalçin
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annakarina Mundorf
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Freya Thiel
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Amatriain-Fernández
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ida Schulze Kalthoff
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Carl Beucke
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henning Budde
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Sheu YS, Desmond JE. Cerebro-Cerebellar Response to Sequence Violation in a Cognitive Task: an fMRI Study. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 21:73-85. [PMID: 34021492 PMCID: PMC8606618 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The phonological loop is part of Baddeley's verbal working memory (VWM) model that stores phonological information and refreshes its contents through an articulatory process. Many studies have reported the cerebellum's involvement during VWM tasks. In the motor literature, the cerebellum is thought to support smooth and rapid movement sequences through internal models that simulate the action of motor commands, then use the error signals generating from the discrepancy between the predicted and actual sensory consequences to adjust the motor system. Here, we hypothesize that a similar monitoring and error-driven adjustment process can be extended to VWM; specifically, the cerebellum checks for discrepancies between the predicted and actual articulatory process to ensure the accuracy and fluency of articulatory rehearsal. During neuroimaging, participants rehearsed a sequence of letters in sync with the presentation of a visual pacing stimulus (#) that was terminated by the occurrence of a probe letter. Participants judged whether the probe was the correct letter in the sequence (i.e., match trial), or deviated from the sequence (i.e., mismatch trial). Detection of sequence violation was not only associated with prolonged reaction time but also an increased activation in a left executive control network. Psychophysiological interaction was used to investigate whether the cerebellum interacts with the cerebral cortex for error monitoring and adjustments. We found increased functional connectivity between the right cerebellum and the cerebral cortex during mismatch relative to match probes, indicating sequence violation resulting in greater cerebellar connectivity with areas in the cerebral cortex involved in phonological sequencing.
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7
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Pierce JE, Péron JA. Reward-Based Learning and Emotional Habit Formation in the Cerebellum. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1378:125-140. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-99550-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Miao D, Zhou X, Wu X, Chen C, Tian L. Distinct profiles of functional connectivity density aberrance in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1079149. [PMID: 36590612 PMCID: PMC9797864 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1079149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Investigating the neuroimaging changes from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of great significance. However, the details about the distinct functional characteristics of AD and MCI remain unknown. METHODS In this study, we investigated distinct profiles of functional connectivity density (FCD) differences between AD and MCI compared with the normal population, aiming to depict the progressive brain changes from MCI to AD. As a data-driven method, FCD measures the profiles of FC for the given voxel at different scales. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) images were obtained from patients with AD and MCI and matched healthy controls (HCs). One-way ANCOVA was used to investigate (global, long-range, and local) FCD differences among the three groups followed by post-hoc analysis controlling age, sex, and head motion. RESULTS The three groups exhibited significant global FCD differences in the superior frontal gyrus. The post-hoc results further showed that patients with AD had a significant increase in global FCD values than those with MCI and HCs. Patients with MCI exhibited an increased trend compared with HCs. We further identified brain regions contributing to the observed global FCD differences by conducting seed-based FC analysis. We also identified that the observed global FCD differences were the additive effects of altered FC between the superior frontal gyrus and the posterior default model network. DISCUSSION These results depicted the global information communication capability impairment in AD and MCI providing a new insight into the progressive brain changes from MCI to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Miao
- School of Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhou
- School of Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengdong Chen
- School of Economics and Management, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Le Tian
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China
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9
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Zhang M, Wang L, Zou F, Wang Y, Wu X. The Brain Structure and Intrinsic Characters of Falsification Thinking in Conditional Proposition Testing. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:684470. [PMID: 34497498 PMCID: PMC8419331 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.684470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wason's selection task (WST) as a representative of the field of conditional proposition testing has been explored by multiple disciplines for more than 50 years, but the neural basis of its key falsification thinking remains unclear. Considering that the accuracy of individuals in WST has stability over time, we believe that falsification thinking has a specific brain structural basis and intrinsic neural characteristics. To test this hypothesis, we studied individuals who were able to complete the WST using T1-weighted MRI (using voxel-based morphology (VBM) analysis) and resting electroencephalogram (EEG) (using microstate analysis, which can reflect stable cognitive characteristics of individuals) techniques. First, VBM analysis found that, compared with the verification group, the gray matter volume (GMV) of the left inferior temporal gyrus and the right superior temporal region of the falsification group was larger, whereas the GMV in the cerebellum of the verification group was significantly larger than that of the falsification group. Subsequently, the results of the microstate analysis of the resting EEG data showed that the contribution of class A of the falsification group, which is closely related to the language network, is significantly higher than that of the verification group. Our structural MRI and resting EEG results consistently show that the structure and intrinsic activity pattern of the temporal lobe in individuals with falsification thinking are specific. Furthermore, the findings may provide potential insights into the role of the temporal lobe (which is also a brain region of language processing) in thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Feng Zou
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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10
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Lupo M, Olivito G, Angelini L, Funghi G, Pignatelli F, Siciliano L, Leggio M, Clausi S. Does the cerebellar sequential theory explain spoken language impairments? A literature review. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2021; 35:296-309. [PMID: 32290716 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2020.1745285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During the past decades, converging evidence from clinical, neuroimaging and neuroanatomical studies has demonstrated the key role of the cerebellum in the processing of non-motor aspects of language. Although more is known about the way in which the cerebellum participates in the mechanisms involved in written language, there is ambiguous information on its role in other aspects of language, such as in non-motor aspects of spoken language. Thus, to contribute additional insight into this important issue, in the present work, we review several original scientific papers focusing on the most frequent non-motor spoken language impairments evidenced in patients affected by cerebellar pathology, namely, verbal working memory, grammar processing and verbal fluency impairments. Starting from the collected data, we provide a common interpretation of the spoken language disorders in cerebellar patients, suggesting that sequential processing could be the main mechanism by which the cerebellum participates in these abilities. Indeed, according to the cerebellar sequential theory, spoken language impairments could be due to altered cerebellar function to supervise, synchronize and coordinate the activity of different functional modules, affecting the correct optimization of linguistic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lupo
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - G Olivito
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L Angelini
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - G Funghi
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - F Pignatelli
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - L Siciliano
- PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Leggio
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Clausi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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Peterburs J, Liang Y, Cheng DT, Desmond JE. Sensory acquisition functions of the cerebellum in verbal working memory. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:833-844. [PMID: 33481104 PMCID: PMC7981326 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Several fMRI studies have shown that the superior cerebellum exhibits load-dependent activations during encoding of letters in a Sternberg verbal working memory (VWM) task. It has been hypothesized that the cerebellum regulates the acquisition of sensory data across all modalities, and thus, that VWM load activations may reflect high- vs low-load differences in sensory acquisition demands. Therefore, increased difficulty in sensory data acquisition should elicit greater activation in the cerebellum. The present fMRI study manipulated sensory acquisition in VWM by presenting visually degraded and non-degraded stimuli with high and low memory loads, thereby identifying load-dependent regions of interest in the cerebellum, and then testing if these regions showed greater activation for degraded stimuli. Results yielded partial support for the sensory acquisition hypothesis in a load-dependent region of the vermis, which showed significantly greater activation for degraded relative to non-degraded stimuli. Because eye movements did not differ for these stimulus types, and degradation-related activations were present after co-varying eye movements, this activation appears to be related to perceptual rather than oculomotor demands. In contrast to the vermis, load-sensitive regions of the cerebellar hemispheres did not show increased activation for degraded stimuli. These findings point to an overall function of association-based prediction that may underlie general cerebellar function, with perceptual prediction of stimuli from partial representations occurring in the vermis, and articulatory prediction occurring in the hemispheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Peterburs
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biological Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Medicine, Medical Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dominic T Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - John E Desmond
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Out with the Old and in with the New: the Contribution of Prefrontal and Cerebellar Areas to Backward Inhibition. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 19:426-436. [PMID: 32140845 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory mechanism named backward inhibition (BI) counteracts interference of previous tasks supporting task switching. For instance, if task set A is inhibited when switching to task B, then it should take longer to immediately return to task set A (as occurring in an ABA sequence), as compared to a task set that has not been just inhibited (as occurring in a CBA sequence), because extra time will be needed to overcome the inhibition of task set A.The evidenced prefrontal and cerebellar role in inhibitory control suggests their involvement even in BI. Here, for the first time, we modulated the excitability of multiple brain sites (right presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA), left and right cerebellar hemispheres) through continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) in a valuable sham-controlled order-balanced within-subject experimental design in healthy individuals performing two domain-selective (verbal and spatial) task-switching paradigms. Verbal BI was abolished by prefrontal or cerebellar stimulations through opposite alterations of the basal pattern: cTBS on pre-SMA increased CBA reaction times, disclosing the current prefrontal inhibition of any interfering old task. Conversely, cerebellar cTBS decreased ABA reaction times, disclosing the current cerebellar recognition of sequences in which it is necessary to overcome previously inhibited events.
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Clark SV, Semmel ES, Aleksonis HA, Steinberg SN, King TZ. Cerebellar-Subcortical-Cortical Systems as Modulators of Cognitive Functions. Neuropsychol Rev 2021; 31:422-446. [PMID: 33515170 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-020-09465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, research has established that the cerebellum is involved in executive functions; however, its specific role remains unclear. There are numerous theories of cerebellar function and numerous cognitive processes falling under the umbrella of executive function, making investigations of the cerebellum's role in executive functioning challenging. In this review, we explored the role of the cerebellum in executive functioning through clinical and cognitive neuroscience frameworks. We reviewed the neuroanatomical systems and theoretical models of cerebellar functions and the multifaceted nature of executive functions. Using attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and cerebellar tumor as clinical developmental models of cerebellar dysfunction, and the functional magnetic resonance imaging literature, we reviewed evidence for cerebellar involvement in specific components of executive function in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. There is evidence for posterior cerebellar contributions to working memory, planning, inhibition, and flexibility, but the heterogeneous literature that largely was not designed to study the cerebellum makes it difficult to determine specific functions of the cerebellum or cerebellar regions. In addition, while it is clear that cerebellar insult in childhood affects executive function performance later in life, more work is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which executive dysfunction occurs and its developmental course. The limitations of the current literature are discussed and potential directions for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V Clark
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, GA, 30303, Atlanta, USA
| | - Eric S Semmel
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, GA, 30303, Atlanta, USA
| | - Holly A Aleksonis
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, GA, 30303, Atlanta, USA
| | | | - Tricia Z King
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, GA, 30303, Atlanta, USA. .,Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, GA, 30303, Atlanta, USA.
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14
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Mao Y, Liao Z, Liu X, Li T, Hu J, Le D, Pei Y, Sun W, Lin J, Qiu Y, Zhu J, Chen Y, Qi C, Su H, Yu E. Disrupted balance of long and short-range functional connectivity density in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients: a resting-state fMRI study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:65. [PMID: 33553358 PMCID: PMC7859805 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects cognitive function. There have been several functional connectivity (FC) strengths; however, FC density needs more development in AD. Therefore, this study wanted to determine the alternations in resting-state functional connectivity density (FCD) induced by Alzheimer’s and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods One hundred and eleven AD patients, 29 MCI patients, and 73 healthy controls (age- and sex-matched) were recruited and assessed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning. The ultra-fast graph theory called FCD mapping was used to calculate the voxel-wise short- and long-range FCD values of the brain. We performed voxel-based between-group comparisons of FCD values to show the cerebral regions with significant FCD alterations. We performed Pearson’s correlation analyses between aberrant functional connectivity densities and several clinical variables with adjustment for age and sex. Results Patients with cognition decline showed significantly abnormal long-range FCD in the cerebellum crus I, right insula, left inferior frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus. The short-range FCD changed in the cerebellum crus I, left inferior frontal gyrus, left superior occipital gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus. The long- and short-range functional connectivity in the left inferior frontal gyrus was positively correlated with Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. Conclusions FCD in the identified regions reflects mechanism and compensation for loss of cognitive function. These findings could improve the pathology of AD and MCI and supply a neuroimaging marker for AD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Mao
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengluan Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozheng Liu
- Department of Radiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Medical Department, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiaojiao Hu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dansheng Le
- The Second school of Medical, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangliu Pei
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wangdi Sun
- The Second school of Medical, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jixin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shengsi County People's Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yaju Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junpeng Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Qi
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enyan Yu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Dellatolas G, Câmara-Costa H. The role of cerebellum in the child neuropsychological functioning. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 173:265-304. [PMID: 32958180 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64150-2.00023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This chapter proposes a review of neuropsychologic and behavior findings in pediatric pathologies of the cerebellum, including cerebellar malformations, pediatric ataxias, cerebellar tumors, and other acquired cerebellar injuries during childhood. The chapter also contains reviews of the cerebellar mutism/posterior fossa syndrome, reported cognitive associations with the development of the cerebellum in typically developing children and subjects born preterm, and the role of the cerebellum in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders and developmental dyslexia. Cognitive findings in pediatric cerebellar disorders are considered in the context of known cerebellocerebral connections, internal cellular organization of the cerebellum, the idea of a universal cerebellar transform and computational internal models, and the role of the cerebellum in specific cognitive and motor functions, such as working memory, language, timing, or control of eye movements. The chapter closes with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the cognitive affective syndrome as it has been described in children and some conclusions and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Dellatolas
- GRC 24, Handicap Moteur et Cognitif et Réadaptation, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Hugo Câmara-Costa
- GRC 24, Handicap Moteur et Cognitif et Réadaptation, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Centre d'Etudes en Santé des Populations, INSERM U1018, Paris, France
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16
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Pu M, Heleven E, Delplanque J, Gibert N, Ma Q, Funghi G, Van Overwalle F. The posterior cerebellum supports the explicit sequence learning linked to trait attribution. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:798-815. [PMID: 32495270 PMCID: PMC7395039 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00803-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has indicated that the cerebellum is responsible for social judgments, such as making trait attributions. The present study investigated the function of the posterior cerebellum in supporting sequence learning linked to trait inferences about persons. We conducted a memory paradigm that required participants to learn a given temporal order of six behavioral sentences that all implied the same personality trait of the protagonist. We then asked participants to infer the trait of the person and to recall the correct order of the sentences and to rate their confidence in their trait judgments and retrieval accuracy. Two control conditions were created: a nonsocial comparison control, involving six nonsocial sentences implying a feature of an object, and a nonsocial nonsequential reading baseline condition. While learning the specific sequence of the sentences, the posterior cerebellum (Crus 2) was more activated for social trait-related sequencing than nonsocial object-related sequencing. Also, given a longer duration to learn the sequences, the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex were more activated when participants attempted to retrieve the sequences linked to social traits. In addition, confidence in retrieving the correct order of the social sequences modulated the posterior cerebellum (Crus 1) given a longer duration to learn. Our findings highlight the important function of the posterior cerebellum in supporting an active process of sequencing trait-implying actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pu
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ixelles, Belgium.
| | - Elien Heleven
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Delplanque
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Noémie Gibert
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Qianying Ma
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ixelles, Belgium
| | | | - Frank Van Overwalle
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ixelles, Belgium.
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17
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Cai C, Huang C, Yang C, Zhang X, Peng Y, Zhao W, Hong X, Ren F, Hong D, Xiao Y, Yan J. Altered Patterns of Phase Position Connectivity in Default Mode Subnetwork of Subjective Cognitive Decline and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:185. [PMID: 32265623 PMCID: PMC7099636 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which most commonly occurs in the elder, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with no agreed drugs or treatment protocols at present. Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), earlier than AD onset and later than subjective cognitive decline (SCD) onset, has a serious probability of converting into AD. The SCD, which can last for decades, subjectively complains of decline impairment in memory. Distinct altered patterns of default mode network (DMN) subnetworks connected to the whole brain are perceived as prominent hallmarks of the early stages of AD. Nevertheless, the aberrant phase position connectivity (PPC) connected to the whole brain in DMN subnetworks remains unknown. Here, we hypothesized that there exist distinct variations of PPC in DMN subnetworks connected to the whole brain for patients with SCD and aMCI, which might be acted as discriminatory neuroimaging biomarkers. We recruited 27 healthy controls (HC), 20 SCD and 28 aMCI subjects, respectively, to explore aberrant patterns of PPC in DMN subnetworks connected to the whole brain. In anterior DMN (aDMN), SCD group exhibited aberrant PPC in the regions of right superior cerebellum lobule (SCL), right superior frontal gyrus of medial part (SFGMP), and left fusiform gyrus (FG) in comparison of HC group, by contrast, no prominent difference was found in aMCI group. It is important to note that aMCI group showed increased PPC in the right SFGMP in comparison with SCD group. For posterior DMN (pDMN), SCD group showed decreased PPC in the left superior parietal lobule (SPL) and right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) compared to HC group. It is noteworthy that aMCI group showed decreased PPC in the left middle frontal gyrus of orbital part (MFGOP) and right SFG compared to HC group, yet increased PPC was found in the left superior temporal gyrus of temporal pole (STGTP). Additionally, aMCI group exhibited decreased PPC in the left MFGOP compared to SCD group. Collectively, our results have shown that the aberrant regions of PPC observed in DMN are related to cognitive function, and it might also be served as impressible neuroimaging biomarkers for timely intervention before AD occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunting Cai
- School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenxi Huang
- School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenhui Yang
- School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yonghong Peng
- Department of Computing and Mathematics, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wenbing Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Xin Hong
- School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fujia Ren
- School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dan Hong
- School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yutian Xiao
- School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiqiang Yan
- School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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18
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Scott TL, Perrachione TK. Common cortical architectures for phonological working memory identified in individual brains. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116096. [PMID: 31415882 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phonological working memory is the capacity to briefly maintain and recall representations of sounds important for speech and language and is believed to be critical for language and reading acquisition. Whether phonological working memory is supported by fronto-parietal brain regions associated with short-term memory storage or perisylvian brain structures implicated in speech perception and production is unclear, perhaps due to variability in stimuli, task demands, and individuals. We used fMRI to assess neurophysiological responses while individuals performed two tasks with closely matched stimuli but divergent task demands-nonword repetition and nonword discrimination-at two levels of phonological working memory load. Using analyses designed to address intersubject variability, we found significant neural responses to the critical contrast of high vs. low phonological working memory load in both tasks in a set of regions closely resembling those involved in speech perception and production. Moreover, within those regions, the voxel-wise patterns of load-related activation were highly correlated between the two tasks. These results suggest that brain regions in the temporal and frontal lobes encapsulate the core neurocomputational components of phonological working memory; an architecture that becomes increasingly evident as neural responses are examined in successively finer-grained detail in individual participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri L Scott
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, USA
| | - Tyler K Perrachione
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, USA.
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19
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Ashida R, Cerminara NL, Edwards RJ, Apps R, Brooks JCW. Sensorimotor, language, and working memory representation within the human cerebellum. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:4732-4747. [PMID: 31361075 PMCID: PMC6865458 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is involved in a wide range of behaviours. A key organisational principle from animal studies is that somatotopically corresponding sensory input and motor output reside in the same cerebellar cortical areas. However, compelling evidence for a similar arrangement in humans and whether it extends to cognitive functions is lacking. To address this, we applied cerebellar optimised whole‐brain functional MRI in 20 healthy subjects. To assess spatial overlap within the sensorimotor and cognitive domains, we recorded activity to a sensory stimulus (vibrotactile) and a motor task; the Sternberg verbal working memory (VWM) task; and a verb generation paradigm. Consistent with animal data, sensory and motor activity overlapped with a somatotopic arrangement in ipsilateral areas of the anterior and posterior cerebellum. During the maintenance phase of the Sternberg task, a positive linear relationship between VWM load and activity was observed in right Lobule VI, extending into Crus I bilaterally. Articulatory movement gave rise to bilateral activity in medial Lobule VI. A conjunction of two independent language tasks localised activity during verb generation in right Lobule VI‐Crus I, which overlapped with activity during VWM. These results demonstrate spatial compartmentalisation of sensorimotor and cognitive function in the human cerebellum, with each area involved in more than one aspect of a given behaviour, consistent with an integrative function. Sensorimotor localisation was uniform across individuals, but the representation of cognitive tasks was more variable, highlighting the importance of individual scans for mapping higher order functions within the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Ashida
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Neurosurgery Department, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol Trust, Bristol, UK.,Neurosurgery Department, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Nadia L Cerminara
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard J Edwards
- Neurosurgery Department, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.,Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Apps
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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20
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Marvel CL, Morgan OP, Kronemer SI. How the motor system integrates with working memory. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 102:184-194. [PMID: 31039359 PMCID: PMC6604620 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Working memory is vital for basic functions in everyday life. During working memory, one holds a finite amount of information in mind until it is no longer required or when resources to maintain this information are depleted. Convergence of neuroimaging data indicates that working memory is supported by the motor system, and in particular, by regions that are involved in motor planning and preparation, in the absence of overt movement. These "secondary motor" regions are physically located between primary motor and non-motor regions, within the frontal lobe, cerebellum, and basal ganglia, creating a functionally organized gradient. The contribution of secondary motor regions to working memory may be to generate internal motor traces that reinforce the representation of information held in mind. The primary aim of this review is to elucidate motor-cognitive interactions through the lens of working memory using the Sternberg paradigm as a model and to suggest origins of the motor-cognitive interface. In addition, we discuss the implications of the motor-cognitive relationship for clinical groups with motor network deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie L Marvel
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Owen P Morgan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sharif I Kronemer
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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