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Hirade T, Abe Y, Ito S, Suzuki T, Katano H, Takahashi N, Koike D, Nariai A, Kato F. Congenital Echovirus 11 Infection in a Neonate. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2023; 42:1002-1006. [PMID: 37523578 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Neonates infected with enterovirus in utero would be fulminant at birth or develop symptoms within a few days. Echovirus 11 causes life-threatening hepatic necrosis with coagulopathy and adrenal hemorrhagic necrosis. The prognosis depends on the enterovirus serotype and the absence of serotype-specific maternal antibodies at the time of delivery. We describe a fatal neonatal case of congenital echovirus 11 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Hirade
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Abe
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital, Shimane, Japan
| | - Satoko Ito
- Department of Neonatology, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital, Shimane, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harutaka Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koike
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital, Shimane, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Nariai
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital, Shimane, Japan
| | - Fumihide Kato
- Department of Neonatology, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital, Shimane, Japan
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The Effect of HSV-1 Seropositivity on the Course of Pregnancy, Childbirth and the Condition of Newborns. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010176. [PMID: 35056624 PMCID: PMC8781575 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this research was to evaluate seropositivity to HSV-1 among pregnant women and its effect on the course of pregnancy, childbirth and the condition of newborns. Methods: The serological status, socio-demographic characteristics, parity of pregnancy and childbirth and condition of newborns in women seronegative and seropositive to HSV-1 with recurrent infection and its latent course during pregnancy were analyzed. Newborns from these mothers made up the corresponding groups. Results: Low titers of IgG antibodies to HSV-1 in women in the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with threatened miscarriage, anemia in pregnancy and chronic placental insufficiency. High titers of IgG antibodies to HSV-1 in women in the second trimester of pregnancy are associated with late miscarriages and premature births, anemia in pregnancy, chronic placental insufficiency, labor anomalies, early neonatal complications (cerebral ischemia, respiratory distress syndrome) and localized skin rashes. Low titers of IgG antibodies to HSV-1 in women in the third trimester of pregnancy are associated with premature birth, anemia in pregnancy, chronic placental insufficiency, endometritis, complications of the early neonatal period and localized skin rashes. Conclusions: Our research showed that low or high titers of IgG antibodies to HSV-1, determined by the timing of recurrence of infection during pregnancy, are associated with a high incidence of somatic pathology and complications in pregnancy, childbirth and the neonatal period.
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Acute Liver Failure Secondary to Herpes Simplex Virus Hepatitis in an Immunocompromised Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2013. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0b013e31826e7f79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Herpes simplex virus infection in pregnancy. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2012; 2012:385697. [PMID: 22566740 PMCID: PMC3332182 DOI: 10.1155/2012/385697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases. The purpose of this paper is to provide recommendations on management of herpes simplex infections in pregnancy and strategies to prevent transmission from mother to fetus.
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McGoogan KE, Haafiz AB, González Peralta RP. Herpes simplex virus hepatitis in infants: clinical outcomes and correlates of disease severity. J Pediatr 2011; 159:608-11. [PMID: 21529822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To better characterize the clinical outcomes of infants with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection and identify useful correlates of disease severity. STUDY DESIGN Infants aged ≤6 months with HSV infection treated between 1999 and 2009 were identified. In patients with concurrent hepatitis, laboratory and clinical variables were examined to identify predictors of specific outcomes, including death or the need for liver transplantation and the need for intensive care. RESULTS Of the 15 patients enrolled, 4 (27%) had fatal disease and 2 (13%) required liver transplantation. Infants who lacked skin lesions (P = .04), had a positive HSV polymerase chain reaction result (P = .01), had more severe thrombocytopenia (P = .001), or had other organ system dysfunction (P = .002) were more likely to require intensive care. A higher International Normalized Ratio value (P = .001) and peak total bilirubin level (P = .0002) were predictive of death or the need for liver transplantation. Peak direct bilirubin level was predictive of the need for intensive care and of death or the need for liver transplantation (P = .04 and .009, respectively). CONCLUSIONS HSV hepatitis represents a broad spectrum of disease from mild aminotransferase elevation to fulminant liver failure and death. HSV DNA detected by polymerase chain reaction, a lack of skin lesions, and the degree of coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, and cholestasis portend unfavorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E McGoogan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine and Shands Children's Hospital, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Gunson R, Jackson A, Aitken C. A case of neonatal sepsis with acute liver failure. J Clin Virol 2011; 50:266-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kreutzer R, Kreutzer M, Günther CP, Mätz-Rensing K, Wohlsein P. Systemic herpesvirus infection in an Azara's Night Monkey (Aotus azarae). J Med Primatol 2011; 40:197-9. [PMID: 21320132 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2011.00469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra- and inter-species transmission of Human herpesvirus type 1 were noticed. In the present study, the herpesviral infection of a 1-year-old Azara's Night Monkey (Aotus azarae) was investigated. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy investigations were done. RESULTS A fatal systemic herpesviral infection was demonstrated. CONCLUSION The results reveal the susceptibility of Azara's Night Monkey to the Human herpesvirus type 1. Moreover, humans shedding herpes viral particles during the reactivation phase of the infection directly infect the Azara's Night Monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kreutzer
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Bartsch O, Schneider E, Damatova N, Weis R, Tufano M, Iorio R, Ahmed A, Beyer V, Zechner U, Haaf T. Fulminant hepatic failure requiring liver transplantation in 22q13.3 deletion syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:2099-102. [PMID: 20635403 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report on a 4-year-old girl with severe developmental delay, absent speech, and chromosome 22q13.3 deletion (Phelan-McDermid syndrome), karyotype 46,XX.ish del(22)(q13.31qter)(ARSA-,N85A-,SHANK3-). At the age of 3 years, she needed an emergency liver transplantation because of fulminant hepatic failure, most likely caused by hyperacute autoimmune hepatitis triggered by a viral infection. This is the second report of a patient with 22q13.3 deletion and fulminant liver failure. By array-CGH we identified in this patient a 5.675 Mb terminal deletion (22q13.31 --> qter; including approximately 55 genes; from NUP50 to RABL2B) and in the previous patient a 1.535 Mb deletion (22q13.32 --> qter; including approximately 39 genes; from BRD1 to RABL2B). PIM3 is a prime candidate gene for the fulminant hepatic failure in the two patients; SHANK3/PROSAP2 could be another candidate gene. We recommend liver function tests and array-CGH in the management of patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome. This patient showed a developmental catch-up following the liver transplantation, possibly suggesting that chronic hepatic disease could contribute to the developmental delay in a subset of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bartsch
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute of Human Genetics, Mainz, Germany.
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Barreira ER, Bousso A, Shieh HH, Góes PF. Fulminant herpes simplex hepatitis following a short course of corticotherapy in a child. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2010; 49:72-7. [PMID: 19671884 DOI: 10.1177/0009922809342583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Roseli Barreira
- Division of Pediatrics of Hospital Universitário, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
The authors present a case of environmentally acquired fatal herpes virus type I infection in a newborn after cesarean section and a discussion of the clinical presentation, pathogenesis and diagnosis of herpes simplex type I (HSV-1) at autopsy. Herpes simplex virus, both type I and type II, are well described infectious agents in newborns. Though herpes simplex type II (HSV-2) is commonly associated with fatal neonatal infections, it is important to consider HSV-1 to make the correct diagnosis. Additionally, although HSV infections are typically acquired during parturition, it is possible to be infected postpartum from the environment as occurred in this case. The diagnosis of neonatal HSV must also be communicated by the forensic pathologist to applicable healthcare providers and health care facilities, because of public health and medicolegal issues.
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Anzivino E, Fioriti D, Mischitelli M, Bellizzi A, Barucca V, Chiarini F, Pietropaolo V. Herpes simplex virus infection in pregnancy and in neonate: status of art of epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy and prevention. Virol J 2009; 6:40. [PMID: 19348670 PMCID: PMC2671497 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-6-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is one of the most common viral sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. The first time infection of the mother may lead to severe illness in pregnancy and may be associated with virus transmission from mother to foetus/newborn. Since the incidence of this sexually transmitted infection continues to rise and because the greatest incidence of herpes simplex virus infections occur in women of reproductive age, the risk of maternal transmission of the virus to the foetus or neonate has become a major health concern. On these purposes the Authors of this review looked for the medical literature and pertinent publications to define the status of art regarding the epidemiology, the diagnosis, the therapy and the prevention of HSV in pregnant women and neonate. Special emphasis is placed upon the importance of genital herpes simplex virus infection in pregnancy and on the its prevention to avoid neonatal HSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Anzivino
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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Sauerbrei A, Wutzler P. Novel recombinant ELISA assays for determination of type-specific IgG antibodies against HSV-1 and HSV-2. J Virol Methods 2007; 144:138-42. [PMID: 17548119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Revised: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The two novel Novagnost enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA, Dade Behring) based on recombinant viral glycoprotein G were evaluated for determination of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) IgG. ELISA and immunoblot procedures approved by the US Food and Drug Administration served as the reference for selecting different serum panels to be tested. The sensitivity and specificity of the novel assay for HSV-1 IgG were 93.1-98.0% and 99.3-100%, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of the novel assay for HSV-2 IgG were 100% and 94.6-97.6%, respectively. Using Kappa statistics, the Kappa indices were computed at 0.93-0.98 for the HSV-1 assays and 0.92-0.96 for the HSV-2 assays suggesting an almost perfect agreement between the novel ELISAs and the reference tests. In conclusion, the novel immunoassays for determination of HSV-1 or HSV-2 IgG can be recommended for the reliable type-specific diagnosis of HSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sauerbrei
- Institute of Virology and Antiviral Therapy, Friedrich-Schiller University, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
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Abbo L, Alcaide ML, Pano JR, Robinson PG, Campo RE. Fulminant hepatitis from herpes simplex virus type 2 in an immunocompetent adult. Transpl Infect Dis 2007; 9:323-6. [PMID: 17605748 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2007.00207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is regarded as a common viral pathogen that produces a wide variety of diseases. After a primary infection, which usually occurs during childhood and may or may not be clinically evident, the virus establishes a latent infection in the local sensory ganglia and can reactivate throughout the life of the individual. Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) due to HSV infection is a clinical condition well known in pediatric, immunocompromised, and pregnant patients. It is rare in immunocompetent hosts. We report the case of a 51-year-old man with no significant past medical history who developed FHF with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and septic shock secondary to HSV infection. The initial diagnosis was made through a frozen section of a needle liver biopsy and the presence of HSV was confirmed in the permanent section with immunohistochemistry. HSV was grown in cell culture from liver tissue obtained through an autopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Abbo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, and Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
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Sauerbrei A, Wutzler P. Herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus infections during pregnancy: current concepts of prevention, diagnosis and therapy. Part 1: Herpes simplex virus infections. Med Microbiol Immunol 2006; 196:89-94. [PMID: 17165093 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-006-0031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Primary herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection may lead to severe illness in pregnancy and may be associated with transplacental virus transmission and fetal infection. The consequences may be abortion, stillbirth and congenital malformations. In neonates, the clinical findings after intrauterine HSV infection are characterized by skin lesions, diseases of the eye and neurologic damage. Herpes genitalis of pregnant women at the time of labor may result in life-threatening neonatal herpes. Currently, neither active nor passive immunization is available to prevent HSV infections during pregnancy and in the newborn infant. Therefore, antiviral treatment using aciclovir and/or valaciclovir must be considered in all primary episodes of genital herpes as well as in neonates who show signs of either infection. Clinical herpes lesions of the genitalia and/or positive test for virus detection at the time of delivery are an indication for cesarean section. However, this surgical intervention may be reduced by suppressive treatment of recurrent genital herpes with aciclovir or valaciclovir.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sauerbrei
- Institute of Virology and Antiviral Therapy, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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