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Pushko P, Lukashevich IS, Johnson DM, Tretyakova I. Single-Dose Immunogenic DNA Vaccines Coding for Live-Attenuated Alpha- and Flaviviruses. Viruses 2024; 16:428. [PMID: 38543793 PMCID: PMC10974764 DOI: 10.3390/v16030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-dose, immunogenic DNA (iDNA) vaccines coding for whole live-attenuated viruses are reviewed. This platform, sometimes called immunization DNA, has been used for vaccine development for flavi- and alphaviruses. An iDNA vaccine uses plasmid DNA to launch live-attenuated virus vaccines in vitro or in vivo. When iDNA is injected into mammalian cells in vitro or in vivo, the RNA genome of an attenuated virus is transcribed, which starts replication of a defined, live-attenuated vaccine virus in cell culture or the cells of a vaccine recipient. In the latter case, an immune response to the live virus vaccine is elicited, which protects against the pathogenic virus. Unlike other nucleic acid vaccines, such as mRNA and standard DNA vaccines, iDNA vaccines elicit protection with a single dose, thus providing major improvement to epidemic preparedness. Still, iDNA vaccines retain the advantages of other nucleic acid vaccines. In summary, the iDNA platform combines the advantages of reverse genetics and DNA immunization with the high immunogenicity of live-attenuated vaccines, resulting in enhanced safety and immunogenicity. This vaccine platform has expanded the field of genetic DNA and RNA vaccines with a novel type of immunogenic DNA vaccines that encode entire live-attenuated viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pushko
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA;
| | - Igor S. Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Center for Predictive Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, 505 S Hancock St., Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Dylan M. Johnson
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 945501, USA;
| | - Irina Tretyakova
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA;
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2
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Guan X, Pei Y, Song J. DNA-Based Nonviral Gene Therapy─Challenging but Promising. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:427-453. [PMID: 38198640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decades, significant progress has been made in utilizing nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA molecules, for therapeutic purposes. For DNA molecules, although various DNA delivery systems have been established, viral vector systems are the go-to choice for large-scale commercial applications. However, viral systems have certain disadvantages such as immune response, limited payload capacity, insertional mutagenesis and pre-existing immunity. In contrast, nonviral systems are less immunogenic, not size limited, safer, and easier for manufacturing compared with viral systems. What's more, nonviral DNA vectors have demonstrated their capacity to mediate specific protein expression in vivo for diverse therapeutic objectives containing a wide range of diseases such as cancer, rare diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases, yielding promising therapeutic outcomes. However, exogenous plasmid DNA is prone to degrade and has poor immunogenicity in vivo. Thus, various strategies have been developed: (i) designing novel plasmids with special structures, (ii) optimizing plasmid sequences for higher expression, and (iii) developing more efficient nonviral DNA delivery systems. Based on these strategies, many interesting clinical results have been reported. This Review discusses the development of DNA-based nonviral gene therapy, including novel plasmids, nonviral delivery systems, clinical advances, and prospects. These developments hold great potential for enhancing the efficacy and safety of nonviral gene therapy and expanding its applications in the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocai Guan
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yufeng Pei
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
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3
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Paulsen GC, Frenck R, Tomashek KM, Alarcon RM, Hensel E, Lowe A, Brocato RL, Kwilas SA, Josleyn MD, Hooper JW. Safety and Immunogenicity of an Andes Virus DNA Vaccine by Needle-Free Injection: A Randomized, Controlled Phase 1 Study. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:30-38. [PMID: 37380156 PMCID: PMC10786244 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Andes virus (ANDV), a rodent-borne hantavirus, causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). The safety and immunogenicity of a novel ANDV DNA vaccine was evaluated. METHODS Phase 1, double-blind, dose-escalation trial randomly assigned 48 healthy adults to placebo or ANDV DNA vaccine delivered via needle-free jet injection. Cohorts 1 and 2 received 2 mg of DNA or placebo in a 3-dose (days 1, 29, 169) or 4-dose (days 1, 29, 57, 169) schedule, respectively. Cohorts 3 and 4 received 4 mg of DNA or placebo in the 3-dose and 4-dose schedule, respectively. Subjects were monitored for safety and neutralizing antibodies by pseudovirion neutralization assay (PsVNA50) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50). RESULTS While 98% and 65% of subjects had at least 1 local or systemic solicited adverse event (AE), respectively, most AEs were mild or moderate; no related serious AEs were detected. Cohorts 2, 3, and 4 had higher seroconversion rates than cohort 1 and seropositivity of at least 80% by day 197, sustained through day 337. PsVNA50 geometric mean titers were highest for cohort 4 on and after day 197. CONCLUSIONS This first-in-human candidate HPS vaccine trial demonstrated that an ANDV DNA vaccine was safe and induced a robust, durable immune response. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03682107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C Paulsen
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert Frenck
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kay M Tomashek
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodolfo M Alarcon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Rebecca L Brocato
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Steve A Kwilas
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew D Josleyn
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jay W Hooper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
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4
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Pagliari S, Dema B, Sanchez-Martinez A, Montalvo Zurbia-Flores G, Rollier CS. DNA Vaccines: History, Molecular Mechanisms and Future Perspectives. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168297. [PMID: 37797831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The history of DNA vaccine began as early as the 1960s with the discovery that naked DNA can transfect mammalian cells in vivo. In 1992, the evidence that such transfection could lead to the generation of antigen-specific antibody responses was obtained and supported the development of this technology as a novel vaccine platform. The technology then attracted immense interest and high hopes in vaccinology, as evidence of high immunogenicity and protection against virulent challenges accumulated from several animal models for several diseases. In particular, the capacity to induce T-cell responses was unprecedented in non-live vaccines. However, the technology suffered its major knock when the success in animals failed to translate to humans, where DNA vaccine candidates were shown to be safe but remained poorly immunogenic, or not associated with clinical benefit. Thanks to a thorough exploration of the molecular mechanisms of action of these vaccines, an impressive range of approaches have been and are currently being explored to overcome this major challenge. Despite limited success so far in humans as compared with later genetic vaccine technologies such as viral vectors and mRNA, DNA vaccines are not yet optimised for human use and may still realise their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sthefany Pagliari
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Dema
- Pandemic Science Institute, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine (IDRM), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Christine S Rollier
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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5
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Lu M, Yao Y, Zhang X, Liu H, Gao G, Peng Y, Chen M, Zhao J, Zhang X, Yin C, Guo W, Yang P, Hu X, Rao J, Li E, Chen T, Chiu S, Wong G, Yuan Z, Lan J, Shan C. Both chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored and DNA vaccines induced long-term immunity against Nipah virus infection. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:170. [PMID: 37925490 PMCID: PMC10625554 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly lethal zoonotic paramyxovirus that poses a severe threat to humans due to its high morbidity and the lack of viable countermeasures. Vaccines are the most crucial defense against NiV infections. Here, a recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus-based vaccine (AdC68-G) and a DNA vaccine (DNA-G) were developed by expressing the codon-optimized full-length glycoprotein (G) of NiV. Strong and sustained neutralizing antibody production, accompanied by an effective T-cell response, was induced in BALB/c mice by intranasal or intramuscular administration of one or two doses of AdC68-G, as well as by priming with DNA-G and boosting with intramuscularly administered AdC68-G. Importantly, the neutralizing antibody titers were maintained for up to 68 weeks in the mice that received intramuscularly administered AdC68-G and the prime DNA-G/boost AdC68-G regimen, without a significant decline. Additionally, Syrian golden hamsters immunized with AdC68-G and DNA-G via homologous or heterologous prime/boost immunization were completely protected against a lethal NiV virus challenge, without any apparent weight loss, clinical signs, or pathological tissue damage. There was a significant reduction in but not a complete absence of the viral load and number of infectious particles in the lungs and spleen tissue following NiV challenge. These findings suggest that the AdC68-G and DNA-G vaccines against NiV infection are promising candidates for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yanfeng Yao
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Xuekai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Miaoyu Chen
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - XiaoYu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Chunhong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Peipei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Juhong Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Entao Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Tong Chen
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Sandra Chiu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Gary Wong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Jiaming Lan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Chao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430200, China.
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6
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Schunke J, Mailänder V, Landfester K, Fichter M. Delivery of Immunostimulatory Cargos in Nanocarriers Enhances Anti-Tumoral Nanovaccine Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12174. [PMID: 37569548 PMCID: PMC10419017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding a long-term cure for tumor patients still represents a major challenge. Immunotherapies offer promising therapy options, since they are designed to specifically prime the immune system against the tumor and modulate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Using nucleic-acid-based vaccines or cellular vaccines often does not achieve sufficient activation of the immune system in clinical trials. Additionally, the rapid degradation of drugs and their non-specific uptake into tissues and cells as well as their severe side effects pose a challenge. The encapsulation of immunomodulatory molecules into nanocarriers provides the opportunity of protected cargo transport and targeted uptake by antigen-presenting cells. In addition, different immunomodulatory cargos can be co-delivered, which enables versatile stimulation of the immune system, enhances anti-tumor immune responses and improves the toxicity profile of conventional chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Schunke
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Insitute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Insitute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Michael Fichter
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Insitute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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7
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Powers AM. Resurgence of Interest in Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Vaccine Development. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:20-26. [PMID: 34734632 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV; Family Togaviridae), is an endemic pathogen first isolated in 1933 with distribution primarily in the eastern US and Canada. The virus has caused periodic outbreaks in both humans and equines along the eastern seaboard and through the southern coastal states. While the outbreaks caused by EEEV have been sporadic and varied geographically since the discovery of the virus, it has continued to expand its range moving into the Midwest states as well. Additionally, one of the largest outbreaks was recorded in 2019 prompting concerns that outbreaks were becoming larger and more frequent. Because the virus can cause serious disease and because it is transmissible by both mosquitoes and aerosol, there has been renewed interest in identifying potential options for vaccines. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines and control relies completely on the use of personal protective measures and integrated vector control which have limited effectiveness for the EEEV vectors. Several vaccine candidates are currently being developed; this review will describe the multiple options under consideration for future development and assess their relative advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Powers
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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8
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Eusébio D, Neves AR, Costa D, Biswas S, Alves G, Cui Z, Sousa Â. Methods to improve the immunogenicity of plasmid DNA vaccines. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2575-2592. [PMID: 34214667 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA vaccines have emerged as innovative approaches that have great potential to overcome the limitations of current conventional vaccines. Plasmid DNA vaccines are often safer than other vaccines because they carry only antigen genetic information, are more stable and easier to produce, and can stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses. Although the results of ongoing clinical trials are very promising, some limitations compromise the immunogenicity of these vaccines. Thus, this review describes different strategies that can be explored to improve the immunogenicity of plasmid DNA vaccines, including the optimization of the plasmid vector backbone, the use of different methods for vaccine delivery, the use of alternative administration routes and the inclusion of adjuvants. In combination, these improvements could lead to the successful clinical use of plasmid DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalinda Eusébio
- CICS-UBI - Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana R Neves
- CICS-UBI - Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Swati Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI - Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ângela Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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9
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Yadav DK, Kumar S, Choi EH, Kim MH. Electric-field-induced electroporation and permeation of reactive oxygen species across a skin membrane. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:1343-1353. [PMID: 32072876 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1730972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation processes affect the permeability of cell membranes, which can be utilized for the delivery of plasma species in cancer therapy. By means of computational dynamics, many aspects of membrane electroporation have been unveiled at the atomic level for lipid membranes. Herein, a molecular dynamics simulation study was performed on native and oxidized membrane systems with transversal electric fields. The simulation result shows that the applied electric field mainly affects the membrane properties so that electroporation takes place and these pores are lined by hydrophilic headgroups of the lipid components. The calculated hydrophobic thickness, lateral diffusion and pair correlation revealed the role of 5α-CH in creation of water-pore in an oxidized membrane. Additionally, the permeability of reactive oxygen species was examined through these electroporated systems. The permeability study suggested that water pores in the membrane facilitate the penetration of these species across the membrane to the interior of the cell. These findings may have significance in experimental applications in vivo as once the reactive oxygen species reaches the interior of the cell, they may cause oxidative stress and induce apoptosis.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea.,Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Surendra Kumar
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea.,Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/PDP Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea.,Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
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10
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A Comprehensive Review of Calcium Electroporation -A Novel Cancer Treatment Modality. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020290. [PMID: 31991784 PMCID: PMC7073222 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium electroporation is a potential novel anti-cancer treatment where high calcium concentrations are introduced into cells by electroporation, a method where short, high voltage pulses induce transient permeabilisation of the plasma membrane allowing passage of molecules into the cytosol. Calcium is a tightly regulated, ubiquitous second messenger involved in many cellular processes including cell death. Electroporation increases calcium uptake leading to acute and severe ATP depletion associated with cancer cell death. This comprehensive review describes published data about calcium electroporation applied in vitro, in vivo, and clinically from the first publication in 2012. Calcium electroporation has been shown to be a safe and efficient anti-cancer treatment in clinical studies with cutaneous metastases and recurrent head and neck cancer. Normal cells have been shown to be less affected by calcium electroporation than cancer cells and this difference might be partly induced by differences in membrane repair, expression of calcium transporters, and cellular structural changes. Interestingly, both clinical data and preclinical studies have indicated a systemic immune response induced by calcium electroporation. New cancer treatments are needed, and calcium electroporation represents an inexpensive and efficient treatment with few side effects, that could potentially be used worldwide and for different tumor types.
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11
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Markelc B, Bellard E, Sersa G, Jesenko T, Pelofy S, Teissié J, Frangez R, Rols MP, Cemazar M, Golzio M. Increased permeability of blood vessels after reversible electroporation is facilitated by alterations in endothelial cell-to-cell junctions. J Control Release 2018; 276:30-41. [PMID: 29476881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of electric field pulses, i.e. electroporation (EP), to tissues has been shown to have a blood flow modifying effect. Indeed, the diameter of blood vessels exposed to EP is immediately reduced resulting in blood flow abrogation, followed by an increase in vascular permeability. The main cause of the increased permeability remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether the in vivo effects of EP on permeability of blood vessels are linked to the permeabilization of endothelial cells' membrane (EC) and/or disruption of cell-to-cell junctions. We used a dorsal window chamber model in C57Bl/6 mice coupled with multiphoton microscopy and fluorescently labelled antibodies against PECAM-1 (CD31) to visualize endothelial cell-to-cell junctions. Clinically validated EP parameters were used and behavior of cell-to-cell junctions, in combination with leakage of 70 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled dextran (FD), was followed in time. After EP, a constriction of blood vessels was observed and correlated with the change in the shape of ECs. This was followed by an increase in permeability of blood vessels for 70 kDa FD and a decrease in the volume of labelled cell-to-cell junctions. Both parameters returned to pre-treatment values in 50% of mice. For the remaining 50%, we hypothesize that disruption of cell-to-cell junctions after EP may trigger the platelet activation cascade. Our findings show for the first time in vivo that alterations in cell-to-cell junctions play an important role in the response of blood vessels to EP and explain their efficient permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bostjan Markelc
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, BP 64182, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077, France; Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Elisabeth Bellard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, BP 64182, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077, France
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Jesenko
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sandrine Pelofy
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, BP 64182, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077, France
| | - Justin Teissié
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, BP 64182, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077, France
| | - Robert Frangez
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marie-Pierre Rols
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, BP 64182, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077, France
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia.
| | - Muriel Golzio
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, BP 64182, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077, France.
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12
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Abstract
Beginning in 2004, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) went from an endemic pathogen limited to Africa and Asia that caused periodic outbreaks to a global pathogen. Given that outbreaks caused by CHIKV have continued and expanded, serious consideration must be given to identifying potential options for vaccines and therapeutics. Currently, there are no licensed products in this realm, and control relies completely on the use of personal protective measures and integrated vector control, which are only minimally effective. Therefore, it is prudent to urgently examine further possibilities for control. Vaccines have been shown to be highly effective against vector-borne diseases. However, as CHIKV is known to rapidly spread and generate high attack rates, therapeutics would also be highly valuable. Several candidates are currently being developed; this review describes the multiple options under consideration for future development and assesses their relative advantages and disadvantages.
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13
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Sun Y, Peng S, Yang A, Farmer E, Wu TC, Hung CF. Coinjection of IL2 DNA enhances E7-specific antitumor immunity elicited by intravaginal therapeutic HPV DNA vaccination with electroporation. Gene Ther 2017; 24:408-415. [PMID: 28492521 PMCID: PMC5510480 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The generation and use of therapeutic human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA vaccines represent an appealing treatment method against HPV-associated cervical cancer owing to their safety and durability. Previously, we created a therapeutic HPV DNA vaccine candidate by linking the HPV16-E7 DNA sequence to calreticulin (CRT/E7), which we showed could generate significant E7-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated antitumor immune responses against HPV16 oncogenes expressing murine tumor model TC-1. Here we assess the therapeutic efficacy of intravaginal immunization with pcDNA3-CRT/E7 followed by electroporation. In addition, we examined whether coadministration of DNA-encoding interleukin 2 (IL2) with the pcDNA3-CRT/E7 could improve the T-cell responses elicited by pcDNA3-CRT/E7. TC-1 tumor-bearing mice vaccinated intravaginally with both pcDNA3-CRT/E7 and IL2 DNA followed by electroporation induced stronger local antitumor CTL response in comparison to mice that received other treatment regimens. Additionally, we found that coadministration of IL2 DNA with pcDNA3-CRT/E7 modified the tumor microenvironment by decreasing the population of regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells relative to that of CTLs. Our data demonstrate the translational potential of local administration of IL2 and pcDNA3-CRT/E7 followed by electroporation in treating cervicovaginal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shiwen Peng
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrew Yang
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Emily Farmer
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - T.-C. Wu
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Departments of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Departments of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
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14
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Jinno M, Isomura M, Sato N, Torii Y, Yoshida W, Sugita Y, Kubo K, Maeda H. Enhancement of DNA Vaccine Potency Against Hamster Oral Papillomavirus-Associated Oral Cancer by Electroporation in vivo. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.26.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Jinno
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Madoka Isomura
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Nobuaki Sato
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Yasuyoshi Torii
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Waka Yoshida
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Yoshihiko Sugita
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Katsutoshi Kubo
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Hatsuhiko Maeda
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
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15
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Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of severe liver disease worldwide. It is estimated that around 130-170 million individuals are chronic carriers of the infection and they are over time at an increased risk of developing severe liver disease. HCV is often referred to as a silent epidemic because the majority of infected individuals do not develop any symptoms. Hence, many individuals are diagnosed at a late stage and thus in need of immediate treatment. Today we have very effective direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), which cure more than 90-95 % of all treated patients. However, this treatment is associated with high-costs and the use is limited to the patients with most advanced liver disease in high-income countries. Notably, a majority of the chronic HCV carriers live in resource-poor countries and do not have access to the new effective DAAs. We therefore need to develop alternative treatments for chronic HCV infection such as therapeutic vaccines. The idea with therapeutic vaccines is to reactivate the infected patient's own immune system. It is well known that patients with chronic HCV infection have dysfunctional immune responses to the virus. Hence, the vaccine should activate HCV-specific T cells that will home to the liver and eradicate the HCV infected hepatocytes. Importantly, one should also consider the combination of a therapeutic vaccine and DAAs as a treatment strategy to equip the resolving patients with post-cure HCV-specific immune responses. This would provide patients with a better protection against reinfection. Numerous genetic vaccine candidates for HCV have been developed and tested in clinical trials with limited effects on viral load and in general inefficient activation of HCV-specific immune responses. In this chapter we describe the rational of developing highly immunogenic vaccines for HCV. Different strategies to improve vaccine immunogenicity and methods to evaluate vaccine efficacy are described. Detailed description of vaccine delivery by intramuscular immunization in combination with in vivo electroporation/electrotransfer (EP/ET) is covered, as well as immunological analysis of primed immune responses by determination of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production by ELISpot assay and direct ex vivo quantification of HCV NS3/4A-specific CD8+ T cells by pentamer staining. To analyze the in vivo functionality of primed NS3/4A-specific T cells we utilized the in vivo bioluminescence imaging technology. In conclusion, this chapter describes a method to design HCV vaccines and also a protocol to assess their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf Ahlén
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, F68, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Frelin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, F68, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Cova
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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17
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A phase 1, randomized, controlled dose-escalation study of EP-1300 polyepitope DNA vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria administered via electroporation. Vaccine 2016; 34:5571-5578. [PMID: 27697302 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum malaria is one of the leading infectious causes of childhood mortality in Africa. EP-1300 is a polyepitope plasmid DNA vaccine expressing 38 cytotoxic T cell epitopes and 16 helper T cell epitopes derived from P. falciparum antigens expressed predominantly in the liver phase of the parasite's life cycle. We performed a phase 1 randomized, placebo-controlled, dose escalation clinical trial of the EP-1300 DNA vaccine administered via electroporation using the TriGrid Delivery System device (Ichor Medical Systems). Although the delivery of the EP-1300 DNA vaccine via electroporation was safe, tolerability was less than that usually observed with standard needle and syringe intramuscular administration. This was primarily due to acute local discomfort at the administration site during electroporation. Despite the use of electroporation, the vaccine was poorly immunogenic. The reasons for the poor immunogenicity of this polyepitope DNA vaccine remain uncertain. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01169077.
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18
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Pushko P, Lukashevich IS, Weaver SC, Tretyakova I. DNA-launched live-attenuated vaccines for biodefense applications. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:1223-34. [PMID: 27055100 PMCID: PMC5033646 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1175943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel vaccine platform uses DNA immunization to launch live-attenuated virus vaccines in vivo. This technology has been applied for vaccine development against positive-strand RNA viruses with global public health impact including alphaviruses and flaviviruses. The DNA-launched vaccine represents the recombinant plasmid that encodes the full-length genomic RNA of live-attenuated virus downstream from a eukaryotic promoter. When administered in vivo, the genomic RNA of live-attenuated virus is transcribed. The RNA initiates limited replication of a genetically defined, live-attenuated vaccine virus in the tissues of the vaccine recipient, thereby inducing a protective immune response. This platform combines the strengths of reverse genetics, DNA immunization and the advantages of live-attenuated vaccines, resulting in a reduced chance of genetic reversions, increased safety, and improved immunization. With this vaccine technology, the field of DNA vaccines is expanded from those that express subunit antigens to include a novel type of DNA vaccines that launch live-attenuated viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pushko
- Medigen, Inc. 8420 Gas House Pike Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Igor S. Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Center for Predictive Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, 505 S Hancock St., Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Scott C. Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, GNL, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Irina Tretyakova
- Medigen, Inc. 8420 Gas House Pike Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
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19
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Casciola M, Tarek M. A molecular insight into the electro-transfer of small molecules through electropores driven by electric fields. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2278-2289. [PMID: 27018309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The transport of chemical compounds across the plasma membrane into the cell is relevant for several biological and medical applications. One of the most efficient techniques to enhance this uptake is reversible electroporation. Nevertheless, the detailed molecular mechanism of transport of chemical species (dyes, drugs, genetic materials, …) following the application of electric pulses is not yet fully elucidated. In the past decade, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been conducted to model the effect of pulsed electric fields on membranes, describing several aspects of this phenomenon. Here, we first present a comprehensive review of the results obtained so far modeling the electroporation of lipid membranes, then we extend these findings to study the electrotransfer across lipid bilayers subject to microsecond pulsed electric fields of Tat11, a small hydrophilic charged peptide, and of siRNA. We use in particular a MD simulation protocol that allows to characterize the transport of charged species through stable pores. Unexpectedly, our results show that for an electroporated bilayer subject to transmembrane voltages in the order of 500mV, i.e. consistent with experimental conditions, both Tat11 and siRNA can translocate through nanoelectropores within tens of ns. We discuss these results in comparison to experiments in order to rationalize the mechanism of drug uptake by cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biosimulations edited by Ilpo Vattulainen and Tomasz Róg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Casciola
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 7565, F-54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France; Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (D.I.E.T), Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mounir Tarek
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 7565, F-54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France; CNRS, UMR 7565, F-54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.
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20
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Liu X, Liu Q, Xiao K, Li P, Liu Q, Zhao X, Kong Q. Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium delivery of a novel DNA vaccine induces immune responses and provides protection against duck enteritis virus. Vet Microbiol 2016; 186:189-98. [PMID: 27016773 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA vaccines are widely used to prevent and treat infectious diseases, cancer and autoimmune diseases; however, their relatively low immunogenicity is an obstacle to their use. In this study, we constructed a novel and universal DNA vaccine vector (pSS898) that can be used to build DNA vaccines against duck enteritis virus (DEV) and other viruses that require DNA vaccines to provide protection. This vaccine vector has many advantages, including innate immunogenicity, efficient nuclear trafficking and resistance to attack from nucleases. UL24 and tgB from DEV were chosen as the antigens, and the heat labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) from Escherichia coli and the IL-2 gene (DuIL-2) from duck were used as adjuvants for the construction of DNA vaccine plasmids. Ducklings that were orally immunized with S739 (Salmonella Typhimurium Δasd-66 Δcrp-24 Δcya-25) and harboring these DEV DNA vaccines produced strong mucosal and systemic immune responses, and they resisted an otherwise lethal DEV challenge. More importantly, S739 (UL24-LTB) provided 90% protection after a priming-boost immunization. This study shows that our novel and universal DNA vaccine vector can be used efficiently in practical applications and may provide a promising method of orally inoculating ducks with a DEV DNA vaccine delivered by attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium for prevention of DVE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Kangpeng Xiao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Pei Li
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qingke Kong
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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