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Martelli F, Lin J, Mele S, Imlach W, Kanca O, Barlow CK, Paril J, Schittenhelm RB, Christodoulou J, Bellen HJ, Piper MDW, Johnson TK. Identifying potential dietary treatments for inherited metabolic disorders using Drosophila nutrigenomics. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113861. [PMID: 38416643 PMCID: PMC11037929 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited metabolic disorders are a group of genetic conditions that can cause severe neurological impairment and child mortality. Uniquely, these disorders respond to dietary treatment; however, this option remains largely unexplored because of low disorder prevalence and the lack of a suitable paradigm for testing diets. Here, we screened 35 Drosophila amino acid disorder models for disease-diet interactions and found 26 with diet-altered development and/or survival. Using a targeted multi-nutrient array, we examine the interaction in a model of isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency, an infant-lethal disorder. We show that dietary cysteine depletion normalizes their metabolic profile and rescues development, neurophysiology, behavior, and lifelong fly survival, thus providing a basis for further study into the pathogenic mechanisms involved in this disorder. Our work highlights the diet-sensitive nature of metabolic disorders and establishes Drosophila as a valuable tool for nutrigenomic studies for informing potential dietary therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Martelli
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jiayi Lin
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sarah Mele
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Wendy Imlach
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher K Barlow
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jefferson Paril
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - John Christodoulou
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew D W Piper
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Travis K Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry and La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
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Chang J, Yuan W, Gao C, Zhang B, Liu JL, Chen G, Tan YW. Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging Reveals Coassembly of CTPS and P5CS. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:949-959. [PMID: 38236746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The cellular compartmentation induced by self-assembly of natural proteins has recently attracted widespread attention due to its structural-functional significance. Among them, as a highly conserved metabolic enzyme and one of the potential targets for cancers and parasitic diseases in drug development, CTP synthase (CTPS) has also been reported to self-assemble into filamentous structures termed cytoophidia. To elucidate the dynamical mechanism of cytoophidium filamentation, we utilize single-molecule fluorescence imaging to observe the real-time self-assembly dynamics of CTPS and the coordinated assembly between CTPS and its interaction partner, Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS). Significant differences exist in the direction of growth and extension when the two proteins self-assemble. The oligomer state distribution analysis of the CTPS minimum structural subunit under different conditions and the stoichiometry statistics of binding CTPS and P5CS by single-molecule fluorescence photobleach counting further confirm that the CTPS cytoophidia are mainly stacked with tetramers. CTPS can act as the nucleation core to induce the subsequent growth of the P5CS filaments. Our work not only provide evidence from the molecular level for the self-assembly and coordinated assembly (coassembly) of CTPS with its interaction partner P5CS in vitro but also offer new experimental perspectives for the dynamics research of coordinated regulation between other protein polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weijie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chendi Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan-Wen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Jessen-Howard D, Pan Q, Ascher DB. Identifying the Molecular Drivers of Pathogenic Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Missense Mutations in Cancer and Non-Cancer Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10157. [PMID: 37373306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) comprising 19 isoenzymes play a vital role on both endogenous and exogenous aldehyde metabolism. This NAD(P)-dependent catalytic process relies on the intact structural and functional activity of the cofactor binding, substrate interaction, and the oligomerization of ALDHs. Disruptions on the activity of ALDHs, however, could result in the accumulation of cytotoxic aldehydes, which have been linked with a wide range of diseases, including both cancers as well as neurological and developmental disorders. In our previous works, we have successfully characterised the structure-function relationships of the missense variants of other proteins. We, therefore, applied a similar analysis pipeline to identify potential molecular drivers of pathogenic ALDH missense mutations. Variants data were first carefully curated and labelled as cancer-risk, non-cancer diseases, and benign. We then leveraged various computational biophysical methods to describe the changes caused by missense mutations, informing a bias of detrimental mutations with destabilising effects. Cooperating with these insights, several machine learning approaches were further utilised to investigate the combination of features, revealing the necessity of the conservation of ALDHs. Our work aims to provide important biological perspectives on pathogenic consequences of missense mutations of ALDHs, which could be invaluable resources in the development of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Jessen-Howard
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Qisheng Pan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - David B Ascher
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Gan Y, Wei Z, Liu C, Li G, Feng Y, Deng Y. Solute carrier transporter disease and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1013903. [PMID: 36419532 PMCID: PMC9676364 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1013903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The International League Against Epilepsy officially revised its classification in 2017, which amended "epileptic encephalopathy" to "developmental and epileptic encephalopathy". With the development of genetic testing technology, an increasing number of genes that cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathies are being identified. Among these, solute transporter dysfunction is part of the etiology of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Solute carrier transporters play an essential physiological function in the human body, and their dysfunction is associated with various human diseases. Therefore, in-depth studies of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies caused by solute carrier transporter dysfunction can help develop new therapeutic modalities to facilitate the treatment of refractory epilepsy and improve patient prognosis. In this article, the concept of transporter protein disorders is first proposed, and nine developmental and epileptic encephalopathies caused by solute carrier transporter dysfunction are described in detail in terms of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, ancillary tests, and precise treatment to provide ideas for the precise treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Gan
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihan Wei
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanchun Deng
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Xijing Institute of Epilepsy and Encephalopathy, Xi'an, China
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Lugli L, Cavalleri F, Bertucci E, Fischer-Zirnsak B, Cinelli G, Trevisani V, Rossi C, Riva M, Iughetti L, Berardi A. Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type IIIA: Report of a patient with severe phenotype and review of the literature. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104568. [PMID: 35842092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type IIIA is a very rare genetic condition, caused by pathogenic variants in ALDH18A1, encoding delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS). This enzyme catalyzes the reduction of glutamic acid to delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, playing a key role in the de novo biosynthesis of proline, ornithine, and arginine. Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type IIIA is characterized by abundant and wrinkled skin, skeletal anomalies, cataract or corneal clouding and neuro-developmental disorders of variable degree. We report on a patient with autosomal recessive cutis laxa type IIIA, due to a homozygous missense c.1273C > T; p. (Arg425Cys) pathogenic variant in ALDH18A1. The patient presented a severe phenotype with serious urological involvement, peculiar cerebro-vascular abnormalities and neurodevelopmental compromise. This description contributes to better characterize the phenotypic spectrum associated with ALDH18A1 pathogenic variants, confirming the systemic involvement as a typical feature of autosomal recessive cutis laxa type IIIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Lugli
- Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Italy.
| | | | - Emma Bertucci
- Obstetric-Gynecology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - Björn Fischer-Zirnsak
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giulia Cinelli
- Postgraduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Viola Trevisani
- Postgraduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Rossi
- Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - Marika Riva
- Pediatric Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Postgraduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; Pediatric Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto Berardi
- Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
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Zhong J, Guo CJ, Zhou X, Chang CC, Yin B, Zhang T, Hu H, Lu GM, Liu JL. Structural basis of dynamic P5CS filaments. eLife 2022; 11:76107. [PMID: 35286254 PMCID: PMC8963878 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bifunctional enzyme Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) is vital to the synthesis of proline and ornithine, playing an essential role in human health and agriculture. Pathogenic mutations in the P5CS gene (ALDH18A1) lead to neurocutaneous syndrome and skin relaxation connective tissue disease in humans, and P5CS deficiency seriously damages the ability to resist adversity in plants. We have recently found that P5CS forms cytoophidia in vivo and filaments in vitro. However, it is difficult to appreciate the function of P5CS filamentation without precise structures. Using cryo-electron microscopy, here we solve the structures of Drosophila full-length P5CS in three states at resolution from 3.1 to 4.3 Å. We observe distinct ligand-binding states and conformational changes for the GK and GPR domains, respectively. Divergent helical filaments are assembled by P5CS tetramers and stabilized by multiple interfaces. Point mutations disturbing those interfaces prevent P5CS filamentation and greatly reduce the enzymatic activity. Our findings reveal that filamentation is crucial for the coordination between the GK and GPR domains, providing a structural basis for the catalytic function of P5CS filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Zhong
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Jun Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chia-Chun Chang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boqi Yin
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanhuan Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Ming Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomic Analysis of Hepatopancreas in Different Living Status Macrobrachium nipponense in Response to Hypoxia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010036. [PMID: 35052540 PMCID: PMC8772856 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the basic element of aerobic animal life, oxygen participates in most physiological activities of animals. Hypoxia stress is often the subject of aquatic animal research. Macrobrachium nipponense, an economically important aquatic animal in southern China, has been affected by hypoxia for many years and this has resulted in a large amount of economic loss due to its sensitivity to hypoxia; Metabolism and transcriptome data were combined in the analysis of the hepatopancreas of M. nipponense in different physiological states under hypoxia; A total of 108, 86, and 48 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were found in three different comparisons (survived, moribund, and dead shrimps), respectively. Thirty-two common DEMs were found by comparing the different physiological states of M. nipponense with the control group in response to hypoxia. Twelve hypoxia-related genes were identified by screening and analyzing common DEMs. GTP phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) was the only differentially expressed gene that ranked highly in transcriptome analysis combined with metabolome analysis. PEPCK ranked highly both in transcriptome analysis and in combination with metabolism analysis; therefore, it was considered to have an important role in hypoxic response. This manuscript fills the one-sidedness of the gap in hypoxia transcriptome analysis and reversely deduces several new genes related to hypoxia from metabolites. This study contributes to the clarification of the molecular process associated with M. nipponense under hypoxic stress.
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Du J, Zhu S, Lim RR, Chao JR. Proline metabolism and transport in retinal health and disease. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1789-1806. [PMID: 33871679 PMCID: PMC8054134 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The retina is one of the most energy-demanding tissues in the human body. Photoreceptors in the outer retina rely on nutrient support from the neighboring retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a monolayer of epithelial cells that separate the retina and choroidal blood supply. RPE dysfunction or cell death can result in photoreceptor degeneration, leading to blindness in retinal degenerative diseases including some inherited retinal degenerations and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In addition to having ready access to rich nutrients from blood, the RPE is also supplied with lactate from adjacent photoreceptors. Moreover, RPE can phagocytose lipid-rich outer segments for degradation and recycling on a daily basis. Recent studies show RPE cells prefer proline as a major metabolic substrate, and they are highly enriched for the proline transporter, SLC6A20. In contrast, dysfunctional or poorly differentiated RPE fails to utilize proline. RPE uses proline to fuel mitochondrial metabolism, synthesize amino acids, build the extracellular matrix, fight against oxidative stress, and sustain differentiation. Remarkably, the neural retina rarely imports proline directly, but it uptakes and utilizes intermediates and amino acids derived from proline catabolism in the RPE. Mutations of genes in proline metabolism are associated with retinal degenerative diseases, and proline supplementation is reported to improve RPE-initiated vision loss. This review will cover proline metabolism in RPE and highlight the importance of proline transport and utilization in maintaining retinal metabolism and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhai Du
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. .,One Medical Center Dr, WVU Eye Institute, PO Box 9193, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Siyan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Rayne R Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jennifer R Chao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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Disease variants of human Δ 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 (PYCR2). Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 703:108852. [PMID: 33771508 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR in humans) catalyzes the final step of l-proline biosynthesis by catalyzing the reduction of L-Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (L-P5C) to l-proline using NAD(P)H as the hydride donor. In humans, three isoforms PYCR1, PYCR2, and PYCR3 are known. Recent genome-wide association and clinical studies have revealed that homozygous mutations in human PYCR2 lead to postnatal microcephaly and hypomyelination, including hypomyelinating leukodystrophy type 10. To uncover biochemical and structural insights into human PYCR2, we characterized the steady-state kinetics of the wild-type enzyme along with two protein variants, Arg119Cys and Arg251Cys, that were previously identified in patients with microcephaly and hypomyelination. Kinetic measurements with PYCR2 suggest a sequential binding mechanism with L-P5C binding before NAD(P)H and NAD(P)+ releasing before L-Pro. Both disease-related variants are catalytically impaired. Depending on whether NADPH or NADH was used, the catalytic efficiency of the R119C protein variant was 40 or 366 times lower than that of the wild-type enzyme, while the catalytic efficiency of the R251C protein variant was 7 or 26 times lower than that of the wild-type enzyme. In addition, thermostability and circular dichroism measurements suggest that the R251C protein variant has a pronounced folding defect. These results are consistent with the involvement of Arg119Cys and Arg251Cys in disease pathology.
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Kalmár T, Maróti Z, Zimmermann A, Sztriha L. Tremor as an early sign of hereditary spastic paraplegia due to mutations in ALDH18A1. Brain Dev 2021; 43:144-151. [PMID: 32798076 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ALDH18A1 gene is located at 10q24.1 and encodes delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), a mitochondrial bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the first two steps in de novo biosynthesis of proline, ornithine, citrulline, and arginine. ALDH18A1-related disorders have been classified into four groups, such as autosomal dominant and recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG9A and SPG9B, respectively), as well as autosomal dominant and recessive cutis laxa (ADCL3 and ARCL3A, respectively). Neurodegeneration is a characteristic feature of all groups. CASE REPORT Here, we report a girl with compound heterozygous disease-causing variants (c.-28-2A>G and c.383G>A, p.Arg128His) in the ALDH18A1 gene, revealed by whole exome sequencing. The c.-28-2A>G variant in intron 1, inherited from the mother, is a novel mutation, while the c.383G>A variant in exon 4, inherited from the father, has already been reported. The patient presented with vigorous infantile tremor preceding progressive spastic paraplegia. Dysmorphic features included elongated face, deep-set ears, upturned nose, long philtrum and pointed chin. Intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, global developmental delay and profound intellectual disability were also noticed. Blood fasting ammonia level, plasma proline, ornithine and arginine levels were normal, while citrulline level was slightly decreased. Brain MRI revealed moderate hypoplasia of the corpus callosum and reduction of white matter volume. CONCLUSIONS The patient represents SPG9B, a rare form of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegias. The early onset tremor, preceding lower limb spasticity appears to be a unique early manifestation of neurodegeneration in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Kalmár
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Maróti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alíz Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Sztriha
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Rakotomamonjy J, Rylaarsdam L, Guemez-Gamboa A. PYRC2-Related Hypomyelinating Leukodystrophy: More to This Than Meets the Eye. Neuron 2020; 107:3-5. [PMID: 32645307 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function variants in the PYRC2 gene cause hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 10 (HLD10), but the associated pathogenic mechanisms are unknown. In this issue of Neuron, Escande-Beillard et al. (2020) reveal that PYRC2 is a key enzyme for proper brain development and a regulator of glycine homeostasis, uncovering hyperglycinemia as a driver of HLD10 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Rylaarsdam
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience (NUIN) Graduate Program, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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12
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Marco-Marín C, Escamilla-Honrubia JM, Llácer JL, Seri M, Panza E, Rubio V. Δ 1 -Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase deficiency: An emergent multifaceted urea cycle-related disorder. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:657-670. [PMID: 32017139 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The bifunctional homooligomeric enzyme Δ1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and its encoding gene ALDH18A1 were associated with disease in 1998. Two siblings who presented paradoxical hyperammonemia (alleviated by protein), mental disability, short stature, cataracts, cutis laxa, and joint laxity, were found to carry biallelic ALDH18A1 mutations. They showed biochemical indications of decreased ornithine/proline synthesis, agreeing with the role of P5CS in the biosynthesis of these amino acids. Of 32 patients reported with this neurocutaneous syndrome, 21 familial ones hosted homozygous or compound heterozygous ALDH18A1 mutations, while 11 sporadic ones carried de novo heterozygous ALDH18A1 mutations. In 2015 to 2016, an upper motor neuron syndrome (spastic paraparesis/paraplegia SPG9) complicated with some traits of the neurocutaneous syndrome, although without report of cutis laxa, joint laxity, or herniae, was associated with monoallelic or biallelic ALDH18A1 mutations with, respectively, dominant and recessive inheritance. Of 50 SPG9 patients reported, 14 and 36 (34/2 familial/sporadic) carried, respectively, biallelic and monoallelic mutations. Thus, two neurocutaneous syndromes (recessive and dominant cutis laxa 3, abbreviated ARCL3A and ADCL3, respectively) and two SPG9 syndromes (recessive SPG9B and dominant SPG9A) are caused by essentially different spectra of ALDH18A1 mutations. On the bases of the clinical data (including our own prior patients' reports), the ALDH18A1 mutations spectra, and our knowledge on the P5CS protein, we conclude that the four syndromes share the same pathogenic mechanisms based on decreased P5CS function. Thus, these syndromes represent a continuum of increasing severity (SPG9A < SPG9B < ADCL3 ≤ ARCL3A) of the same disease, P5CS deficiency, in which the dominant mutations cause loss-of-function by dominant-negative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Marco-Marín
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia of the CSIC, Valencia, Spain
- Centro para Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan M Escamilla-Honrubia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia of the CSIC, Valencia, Spain
- Centro para Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Valencia, Spain
| | - José L Llácer
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia of the CSIC, Valencia, Spain
- Centro para Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marco Seri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Panza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vicente Rubio
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia of the CSIC, Valencia, Spain
- Centro para Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Zhang B, Tastan ÖY, Zhou X, Guo CJ, Liu X, Thind A, Hu HH, Zhao S, Liu JL. The proline synthesis enzyme P5CS forms cytoophidia in Drosophila. J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:131-143. [PMID: 32317150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Compartmentation of enzymes via filamentation has arisen as a mechanism for the regulation of metabolism. In 2010, three groups independently reported that CTP synthase (CTPS) can assemble into a filamentous structure termed the cytoophidium. In searching for CTPS-interacting proteins, here we perform a yeast two-hybrid screening of Drosophila proteins and identify a putative CTPS-interacting protein, △1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS). Using the Drosophila follicle cell as the in vivo model, we confirm that P5CS forms cytoophidia, which are associated with CTPS cytoophidia. Overexpression of P5CS increases the length of CTPS cytoophidia. Conversely, filamentation of CTPS affects the morphology of P5CS cytoophidia. Finally, in vitro analyses confirm the filament-forming property of P5CS. Our work links CTPS with P5CS, two enzymes involved in the rate-limiting steps in pyrimidine and proline biosynthesis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ömür Y Tastan
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Xian Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Chen-Jun Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Aaron Thind
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Huan-Huan Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom.
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14
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Mingirulli N, Pyle A, Hathazi D, Alston CL, Kohlschmidt N, O'Grady G, Waddell L, Evesson F, Cooper SBT, Turner C, Duff J, Topf A, Yubero D, Jou C, Nascimento A, Ortez C, García‐Cazorla A, Gross C, O'Callaghan M, Santra S, Preece MA, Champion M, Korenev S, Chronopoulou E, Anirban M, Pierre G, McArthur D, Thompson K, Navas P, Ribes A, Tort F, Schlüter A, Pujol A, Montero R, Sarquella G, Lochmüller H, Jiménez‐Mallebrera C, Taylor RW, Artuch R, Kirschner J, Grünert SC, Roos A, Horvath R. Clinical presentation and proteomic signature of patients with TANGO2 mutations. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:297-308. [PMID: 31339582 PMCID: PMC7078914 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transport And Golgi Organization protein 2 (TANGO2) deficiency has recently been identified as a rare metabolic disorder with a distinct clinical and biochemical phenotype of recurrent metabolic crises, hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, arrhythmias, and encephalopathy with cognitive decline. We report nine subjects from seven independent families, and we studied muscle histology, respiratory chain enzyme activities in skeletal muscle and proteomic signature of fibroblasts. All nine subjects carried autosomal recessive TANGO2 mutations. Two carried the reported deletion of exons 3 to 9, one homozygous, one heterozygous with a 22q11.21 microdeletion inherited in trans. The other subjects carried three novel homozygous (c.262C>T/p.Arg88*; c.220A>C/p.Thr74Pro; c.380+1G>A), and two further novel heterozygous (c.6_9del/p.Phe6del); c.11-13delTCT/p.Phe5del mutations. Immunoblot analysis detected a significant decrease of TANGO2 protein. Muscle histology showed mild variation of fiber diameter, no ragged-red/cytochrome c oxidase-negative fibers and a defect of multiple respiratory chain enzymes and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) in two cases, suggesting a possible secondary defect of oxidative phosphorylation. Proteomic analysis in fibroblasts revealed significant changes in components of the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi network and secretory pathways. Clinical presentation of TANGO2 mutations is homogeneous and clinically recognizable. The hemizygous mutations in two patients suggest that some mutations leading to allele loss are difficult to detect. A combined defect of the respiratory chain enzymes and CoQ10 with altered levels of several membrane proteins provides molecular insights into the underlying pathophysiology and may guide rational new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Mingirulli
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle DisordersMedical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineBreisgauGermany
- Department of General PediatricsAdolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineBreisgauGermany
| | - Angela Pyle
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Denisa Hathazi
- Biomedical Research DepartmentLeibniz‐Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.VDortmundGermany
| | - Charlotte L. Alston
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of Neuroscience, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - Gina O'Grady
- Kid's Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Leigh Waddell
- Kid's Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Frances Evesson
- Kid's Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sandra B. T. Cooper
- Kid's Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Christian Turner
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- CardiologyThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jennifer Duff
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Ana Topf
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreInstitute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Delia Yubero
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Genetics, Pediatric Neurology and Cardiology and BiobankInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Cristina Jou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Genetics, Pediatric Neurology and Cardiology and BiobankInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Andrés Nascimento
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Genetics, Pediatric Neurology and Cardiology and BiobankInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Carlos Ortez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Genetics, Pediatric Neurology and Cardiology and BiobankInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Angels García‐Cazorla
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Genetics, Pediatric Neurology and Cardiology and BiobankInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Claudia Gross
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of Neuroscience, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Maria O'Callaghan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Genetics, Pediatric Neurology and Cardiology and BiobankInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Saikat Santra
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK
| | | | | | - Sergei Korenev
- Department of Inherited DiseaseSt Thomas HospitalLondonUK
| | | | - Majumdar Anirban
- South West Regional Metabolic DepartmentBristol Royal Hospital for ChildrenBristolUK
| | - Germaine Pierre
- South West Regional Metabolic DepartmentBristol Royal Hospital for ChildrenBristolUK
| | - Daniel McArthur
- Center for Mendelian Genomics and Program in Medical and Population GeneticsBroad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusetts
- Analytic and Translational Genetics UnitMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
| | - Kyle Thompson
- Kid's Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Placido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del DesarrolloUníversidad Pablo de Olavide‐CSIC‐JA and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Antonia Ribes
- Secció d'Errors Congènits del Metabolisme – IBCServei de Bioquímica I Genètìca Molecular, Hospital Clínìc, IDIBAPS, CIBERERBarcelonaSpain
| | - Frederic Tort
- Secció d'Errors Congènits del Metabolisme – IBCServei de Bioquímica I Genètìca Molecular, Hospital Clínìc, IDIBAPS, CIBERERBarcelonaSpain
| | - Agatha Schlüter
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investìgacío Biomedíca de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Raquel Montero
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Genetics, Pediatric Neurology and Cardiology and BiobankInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Georgia Sarquella
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Genetics, Pediatric Neurology and Cardiology and BiobankInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle DisordersMedical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineBreisgauGermany
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Division of Neurology, Department of MedicineThe Ottawa HospitalOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Cecilia Jiménez‐Mallebrera
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Genetics, Pediatric Neurology and Cardiology and BiobankInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Robert W. Taylor
- Kid's Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Genetics, Pediatric Neurology and Cardiology and BiobankInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle DisordersMedical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineBreisgauGermany
| | - Sarah C. Grünert
- Department of General PediatricsAdolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineBreisgauGermany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Biomedical Research DepartmentLeibniz‐Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.VDortmundGermany
- Pediatric NeurologyUniversity Children's Hospital, University of Duisburg‐Essen, Faculty of MedicineEssenGermany
| | - Rita Horvath
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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15
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Rumping L, Vringer E, Houwen RHJ, van Hasselt PM, Jans JJM, Verhoeven‐Duif NM. Inborn errors of enzymes in glutamate metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:200-215. [PMID: 31603991 PMCID: PMC7078983 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is involved in a variety of metabolic pathways. We reviewed the literature on genetic defects of enzymes that directly metabolise glutamate, leading to inborn errors of glutamate metabolism. Seventeen genetic defects of glutamate metabolising enzymes have been reported, of which three were only recently identified. These 17 defects affect the inter-conversion of glutamine and glutamate, amino acid metabolism, ammonia detoxification, and glutathione metabolism. We provide an overview of the clinical and biochemical phenotypes of these rare defects in an effort to ease their recognition. By categorising these by biochemical pathway, we aim to create insight into the contributing role of deviant glutamate and glutamine levels to the pathophysiology. For those disorders involving the inter-conversion of glutamine and glutamate, these deviant levels are postulated to play a pivotal pathophysiologic role. For the other IEM however-with the exception of urea cycle defects-abnormal glutamate and glutamine concentrations were rarely reported. To create insight into the clinical consequences of disturbed glutamate metabolism-rather than individual glutamate and glutamine levels-the prevalence of phenotypic abnormalities within the 17 IEM was compared to their prevalence within all Mendelian disorders and subsequently all disorders with metabolic abnormalities notated in the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) database. For this, a hierarchical database of all phenotypic abnormalities of the 17 defects in glutamate metabolism based on HPO was created. A neurologic phenotypic spectrum of developmental delay, ataxia, seizures, and hypotonia are common in the inborn errors of enzymes in glutamate metabolism. Additionally, ophthalmologic and skin abnormalities are often present, suggesting that disturbed glutamate homeostasis affects tissues of ectodermal origin: brain, eye, and skin. Reporting glutamate and glutamine concentrations in patients with inborn errors of glutamate metabolism would provide additional insight into the pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Rumping
- Department of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
- Center for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Esmee Vringer
- Department of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Roderick H. J. Houwen
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Peter M. van Hasselt
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Judith J. M. Jans
- Department of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
- Center for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Nanda M. Verhoeven‐Duif
- Department of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
- Center for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
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16
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Orzabal MR, Lunde-Young ER, Ramirez JI, Naik VD, Hillhouse A, Konganti K, Threadgill DW, Ramadoss J. Gestational binge alcohol-induced alterations in maternal uterine artery transcriptome. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 87:42-49. [PMID: 31078653 PMCID: PMC6628922 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Binge alcohol exposure during pregnancy results in diminished vessel function and altered proteome in the maternal uterine artery. We aimed to utilize high throughput RNA-seq deep-sequencing to characterize specific effects of binge alcohol exposure during pregnancy on the uterine artery transcriptome, and gain insight into mechanisms underlying alcohol-mediated uterine artery dysfunction. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats assigned to Pair-Fed Control or Alcohol groups, received a once-daily orogastric gavage in a binge paradigm. RNA-sequencing using Illumina NextSeq 500, identified 13,941 genes; 40 significantly altered genes were altered by log2(fold change) > 2; 27 genes were upregulated and 13 were downregulated in the Alcohol group. Transcripts altered included those which encode for aldehyde dehydrogenases, matrix metalloproteases, and molecules vital for vasodilation and vascular remodeling. Biological pathways that were disproportionally altered by alcohol were proline and citrulline biosynthesis/metabolism. Disruption of these pathways suggests candidate mechanism(s) for alcohol-mediated impairments to the proteome and vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus R Orzabal
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Emilie R Lunde-Young
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Josue I Ramirez
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Vishal D Naik
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Hillhouse
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, and the Texas A&M Institute of Genome Sciences, TX, USA
| | - Kranti Konganti
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, and the Texas A&M Institute of Genome Sciences, TX, USA
| | - David W Threadgill
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, and the Texas A&M Institute of Genome Sciences, TX, USA
| | - Jayanth Ramadoss
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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17
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Magini P, Marco-Marin C, Escamilla-Honrubia JM, Martinelli D, Dionisi-Vici C, Faravelli F, Forzano F, Seri M, Rubio V, Panza E. P5CS expression study in a new family with ALDH18A1-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia SPG9. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1533-1540. [PMID: 31402623 PMCID: PMC6689680 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2015–2016, we and others reported ALDH18A1 mutations causing dominant (SPG9A) or recessive (SPG9B) spastic paraplegia. In vitro production of the ALDH18A1 product, Δ1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), appeared necessary for cracking SPG9 disease‐causing mechanisms. We now describe a baculovirus–insect cell system that yields mgs of pure human P5CS and that has proven highly valuable with two novel P5CS mutations reported here in new SPG9B patients. We conclude that both mutations are disease‐causing, that SPG9B associates with partial P5CS deficiency and that it is clinically more severe than SPG9A, as reflected in onset age, disability, cognitive status, growth, and dysmorphic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Magini
- Medical Genetics Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Clara Marco-Marin
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia of the CSIC, Valencia, Spain.,Centro para Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan M Escamilla-Honrubia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia of the CSIC, Valencia, Spain.,Centro para Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Valencia, Spain
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Faravelli
- Clinical Genetics, NE Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Forzano
- Clinical Genetics Department, SE Thames Regional Genetics Service, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Seri
- Medical Genetics Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vicente Rubio
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia of the CSIC, Valencia, Spain.,Centro para Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emanuele Panza
- Medical Genetics Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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18
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Fischer-Zirnsak B, Koenig R, Alisch F, Güneş N, Hausser I, Saha N, Beck-Woedl S, Haack TB, Thiel C, Kamrath C, Tüysüz B, Henning S, Mundlos S, Hoffmann K, Horn D, Kornak U. SOPH syndrome in three affected individuals showing similarities with progeroid cutis laxa conditions in early infancy. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:609-616. [DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Panza E, Martinelli D, Magini P, Dionisi Vici C, Seri M. Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Is a Common Phenotypic Finding in ARG1 Deficiency, P5CS Deficiency and HHH Syndrome: Three Inborn Errors of Metabolism Caused by Alteration of an Interconnected Pathway of Glutamate and Urea Cycle Metabolism. Front Neurol 2019; 10:131. [PMID: 30853934 PMCID: PMC6395431 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSPs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a progressive rigidity and weakness of the lower limbs, caused by pyramidal tract lesions. As of today, 80 different forms of HSP have been mapped, 64 genes have been cloned, and new forms are constantly being described. HSPs represent an intensively studied field, and the functional understanding of the biochemical and molecular pathogenetic pathways are starting to be elucidated. Recently, dominant and recessive mutations in the ALDH18A1 gene resulting in the deficiency of the encoded enzyme (delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase, P5CS) have been pathogenetically linked to HSP. P5CS is a critical enzyme in the conversion of glutamate to pyrroline-5-carboxylate, an intermediate that enters in the proline biosynthesis and that is connected with the urea cycle. Interestingly, two urea cycle disorders, Argininemia and Hyperornithinemia-Hyperammonemia-Homocitrullinuria syndrome, are clinically characterized by highly penetrant spastic paraplegia. These three diseases represent a peculiar group of HSPs caused by Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Here we comment on these forms, on the common features among them and on the hypotheses for possible shared pathogenetic mechanisms causing the HSP phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Panza
- Medical Genetics Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Magini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Dionisi Vici
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Seri
- Medical Genetics Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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20
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Proline catabolism refers to the 4-electron oxidation of proline to glutamate catalyzed by the enzymes proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and l-glutamate γ-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (GSALDH, or ALDH4A1). These enzymes and the intermediate metabolites of the pathway have been implicated in tumor growth and suppression, metastasis, hyperprolinemia metabolic disorders, schizophrenia susceptibility, life span extension, and pathogen virulence and survival. In some bacteria, PRODH and GSALDH are combined into a bifunctional enzyme known as proline utilization A (PutA). PutAs are not only virulence factors in some pathogenic bacteria but also fascinating systems for studying the coordination of metabolic enzymes via substrate channeling. Recent Advances: The past decade has seen an explosion of structural data for proline catabolic enzymes. This review surveys these structures, emphasizing protein folds, substrate recognition, oligomerization, kinetic mechanisms, and substrate channeling in PutA. CRITICAL ISSUES Major unsolved structural targets include eukaryotic PRODH, the complex between monofunctional PRODH and monofunctional GSALDH, and the largest of all PutAs, trifunctional PutA. The structural basis of PutA-membrane association is poorly understood. Fundamental aspects of substrate channeling in PutA remain unknown, such as the identity of the channeled intermediate, how the tunnel system is activated, and the roles of ancillary tunnels. FUTURE DIRECTIONS New approaches are needed to study the molecular and in vivo mechanisms of substrate channeling. With the discovery of the proline cycle driving tumor growth and metastasis, the development of inhibitors of proline metabolic enzymes has emerged as an exciting new direction. Structural biology will be important in these endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Tanner
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, Missouri.,2 Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, Missouri
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21
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE It is increasingly clear that proline metabolism plays an important role in metabolic reprogramming, not only in cancer but also in related fields such as aging, senescence, and development. Although first focused on proline catabolism, recent studies from a number of laboratories have emphasized the regulatory effects of proline synthesis and proline cycling. Recent Advances: Although proline dehydrogenase/proline oxidase (PRODH/POX) has been known as a tumor protein 53 (P53)-activated source of redox signaling for initiating apoptosis and autophagy, senescence has been added to the responses. On the biosynthetic side, two well-recognized oncogenes, c-MYC and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), markedly upregulate enzymes of proline synthesis; mechanisms affected include augmented redox cycling and maintenance of pyridine nucleotides. The reprogramming has been shown to shift in clonogenesis and/or metastasis. CRITICAL ISSUES Although PRODH/POX generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) for signaling, the cellular endpoint is variable and dependent on metabolic context; the switches for these responses remain unknown. On the synthetic side, the enzymes require more complete characterization in various cancers, and demonstration of coupling of proline metabolites to other pathways may require studies of protein-protein interactions, membrane transporters, and shuttles. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The proline metabolic axis can serve as a scaffold on which a variety of regulatory mechanisms are integrated. Once understood as a central mechanism in cancer metabolism, proline metabolism may be a good target for adjunctive cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Phang
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, NIH , Frederick, Maryland
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22
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Compound heterozygous mutations in two different domains of ALDH18A1 do not affect the amino acid levels in a patient with hereditary spastic paraplegia. Neurogenetics 2018; 19:145-149. [PMID: 29754261 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-018-0547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in ALDH18A1 can cause autosomal recessive and dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia and autosomal recessive and dominant cutis laxa. ALDH18A1 encodes delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), which consists of two domains, the glutamate 5-kinase (G5K) and the gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase (GR5P) domain. The location of the mutations in the gene has influence on whether the amino acid levels are affected. Mutations affecting the G5K domain have previously been found to cause reduced plasma levels of proline, citrulline and arginine, whereas such effect is not seen with mutations affecting the GR5P domain. We present a 19-year old male patient with autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia and compound heterozygosity for two ALDH18A1 mutations, one in each of the P5CS domains. This young man has spastic paraplegia with onset in childhood and temporal lobe epilepsy, but normal levels of proline, ornithine and arginine. To our knowledge, this is the first case with compound heterozygous mutations affecting both P5CS domains, where levels of plasma amino acids have been reported.
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23
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Maines E, Piccoli G, Pascarella A, Colucci F, Burlina AB. Inherited hyperammonemias: a Contemporary view on pathogenesis and diagnosis. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2018.1409108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Maines
- Pediatric Unit, Provincial Centre for Rare Diseases, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, Trento, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- CIBIO - Centre for integrative biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Italy & Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Trento, Italy
| | - Antonia Pascarella
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Reference Centre Expanded Newborn Screening, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Colucci
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Reference Centre Expanded Newborn Screening, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto B. Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Reference Centre Expanded Newborn Screening, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
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24
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Reid ES, Williams H, Anderson G, Benatti M, Chong K, James C, Ocaka L, Hemingway C, Little D, Brown R, Parker A, Holden S, Footitt E, Rahman S, Gissen P, Mills PB, Clayton PT. Mutations in SLC25A22: hyperprolinaemia, vacuolated fibroblasts and presentation with developmental delay. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:385-394. [PMID: 28255779 PMCID: PMC5393281 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in SLC25A22 are known to cause neonatal epileptic encephalopathy and migrating partial seizures in infancy. Using whole exome sequencing we identified four novel SLC25A22 mutations in six children from three families. Five patients presented clinical features similar to those in the literature including hypotonia, refractory neonatal-onset seizures and developmental delay. However, the sixth patients presented atypically with isolated developmental delay, developing late-onset (absence) seizures only at 7 years of age. Abnormal metabolite levels have not been documented in the nine patients described previously. One patient in our series was referred to the metabolic clinic because of persistent hyperprolinaemia and another three had raised plasma proline when tested. Analysis of the post-prandial plasma amino acid response in one patient showed abnormally high concentrations of several amino acids. This suggested that, in the fed state, when amino acids are the preferred fuel for the liver, trans-deamination of amino acids requires transportation of glutamate into liver mitochondria by SLC25A22 for deamination by glutamate dehydrogenase; SLC25A22 is an important mitochondrial glutamate transporter in liver as well as in brain. Electron microscopy of patient fibroblasts demonstrated widespread vacuolation containing neutral and phospho-lipids as demonstrated by Oil Red O and Sudan Black tinctorial staining; this might be explained by impaired activity of the proline/pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) shuttle if SLC25A22 transports pyrroline-5-carboxylate/glutamate-γ-semialdehyde as well as glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S Reid
- Centre for Translational Omics, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Hywel Williams
- Centre for Translational Omics, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Glenn Anderson
- Histopathology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Malika Benatti
- Histopathology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Kling Chong
- Radiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Chela James
- Centre for Translational Omics, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Louise Ocaka
- Centre for Translational Omics, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Cheryl Hemingway
- Neurology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Daniel Little
- Centre for Translational Omics, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- The Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Richard Brown
- Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Edith Cavell Campus, Bretton Gate, Peterborough, PE3 9GZ, UK
| | - Alasdair Parker
- Child Development Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Simon Holden
- Clinical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Emma Footitt
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- Centre for Translational Omics, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- The Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Philippa B Mills
- Centre for Translational Omics, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Peter T Clayton
- Centre for Translational Omics, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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Nozaki F, Kusunoki T, Okamoto N, Yamamoto Y, Miya F, Tsunoda T, Kosaki K, Kumada T, Shibata M, Fujii T. ALDH18A1-related cutis laxa syndrome with cyclic vomiting. Brain Dev 2016; 38:678-84. [PMID: 26829900 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cutis laxa (CL) syndromes are connective tissue disorders characterized by redundant, sagging, inelastic and wrinkled skin, with organ involvement. Here, we describe a patient with ALDH18A1-related CL who developed cyclic vomiting. The patient was a 12-year-old boy who presented with poor postnatal growth, hypotonia, short stature, joint hyperlaxity, microcephaly, strabismus, bilateral cataracts, facial dysmorphism and severe mental retardation. Bone radiographs showed osteopenia and osteoporosis, and magnetic resonance angiography showed marked kinking and tortuosity of the brain vessels. These findings were clinically compatible with ALDH18A1-related CL. Molecular analysis revealed a de novo heterozygous mutation (p.R138Q) in ALDH18A1. No mutations were found in PYCR1 gene. The patient developed cyclic vomiting with decreased blood levels of ornithine, citrulline, arginine and proline without hyperammonemia and other hypoaminoacidemias were also found. ALDH18A1 encodes Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase, which is related to the biosynthesis of ornithine, citrulline, arginine, and proline. Cyclic vomiting has never been reported in other ALDH18A1-related CL patients. This is the first case report of ALDH18A1-related CL with cyclic vomiting associated with amino acid abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihito Nozaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga Medical Center for Children, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kusunoki
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga Medical Center for Children, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Miya
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Medical Science Mathematics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Medical Science Mathematics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kumada
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga Medical Center for Children, Shiga, Japan
| | - Minoru Shibata
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga Medical Center for Children, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujii
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga Medical Center for Children, Shiga, Japan
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26
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Staiger EA, Albright JD, Brooks SA. Genome‐wide association mapping of heritable temperament variation in the
T
ennessee
W
alking
H
orse. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:514-26. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Staiger
- Department of Animal Science Cornell University Ithaca NY
| | - J. D. Albright
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee Knoxville TN
| | - S. A. Brooks
- Department of Animal Science University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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27
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Matsumoto A. [Fundamental Properties of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and the Importance of the ALDH2 Polymorphism]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2016; 71:55-68. [PMID: 26832618 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.71.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Human aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a 56 kDa mitochondrial protein that forms homodimers through hydrogen bonding interactions between the Glu487 and Arg475 residues of two ALDH2 proteins. Two ALDH2 homodimers can interact to form an ALDH2 tetramer. ALDH2 is widely distributed throughout the organs of the body. In addition to its dehydrogenase activity, ALDH2 also exhibits esterase and reductase activities, with the main substrates for these three activities being aldehydes, 4-nitrophenyl acetate and nitroglycerin, respectively. ALDH2 can be readily inhibited by a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous chemicals, but the induction or activation of this enzyme remains unlikely. The polymorphism of ALDH2 to the corresponding ALDH2*2 variant results in a severe deficiency in ALDH2 activity, and this particular polymorphism is prevalent among people of Mongoloid descent. It seems reasonable to expect that people with the ALDH2*2 variant would be more vulnerable to stress and diseases because ALDH2 defends the human body against toxic aldehydes. However, it has been suggested that people with the ALDH2*2 variant are protected by alternative stress-defending systems. The ALDH2*2 variant has been reported to be associated with many different kinds of diseases, although the mechanisms underlying these associations have not yet been elucidated. ALDH2 polymorphism has a significant impact on human health; further studies are therefore required to determine the practical implications of this polymorphism in the fields of preventive and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Matsumoto
- Department of Social Medicine, Saga University School of Medicine
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28
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Haschke-Becher E, Kainz A, Bachmann C. Reference values of amino acids and of common clinical chemistry in plasma of healthy infants aged 1 and 4 months. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:25-37. [PMID: 26227325 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare plasma levels of amino acids and clinical chemistry parameters in healthy infants at 1 and 4 months of age and to establish corresponding reference limits. METHODS Data of three multicenter studies assessing the safety of new infant formulas were used. During these studies infants of both age-groups were either breast-fed or received formulas of low or high protein content. All samples were analyzed centrally in the same accredited laboratory. RESULTS Plasma was collected from 521 infants in total, 157 boys and 135 girls aged 1 month and 121 boys and 108 girls aged 4 months. At the age of 1 month, 62 infants had received exclusively breast milk, 198 exclusively formula, and 27 both; in the 4-months age group corresponding numbers were 49, 158 and 18, respectively; for 9 infants, diet was unknown. Concentrations of most amino acids and clinical chemistry parameters differed significantly between both ages. Regardless of age, most plasma amino acid levels were comparable or lower in breast-fed than in formula-fed infants whereas at 1 month of age most clinical chemistry parameters were higher. While in breast-fed infants the plasma urea concentration decreased over 4 months of age, it increased in formula-fed infants. There were significant differences between infants fed a low and high protein formula. At both ages, high protein formulas resulted in significantly higher threonine, 2-aminobutyrate, and urea concentrations. CONCLUSIONS For clinical use, age- and diet specific reference limits in infants are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Kainz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claude Bachmann
- Laboratoire Central de Chimie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Rittergasse 11, CH-4103, Bottmingen, Switzerland.
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29
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Coutelier M, Mochel F, Saudubray JM, Ottolenghi C, Stevanin G. Reply: ALDH18A1 gene mutations cause dominant spastic paraplegia SPG9: loss of function effect and plausibility of a dominant negative mechanism. Brain 2015; 139:e4. [PMID: 26297557 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Coutelier
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 5 Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium 6 Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Mochel
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 7 APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Saudubray
- 7 APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Chris Ottolenghi
- 8 Metabolic Biochemistry Lab, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, F-75015; and University Paris Descartes, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 6 Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, F-75014, Paris, France 7 APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
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30
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Panza E, Escamilla-Honrubia JM, Marco-Marín C, Gougeard N, De Michele G, Morra VB, Liguori R, Salviati L, Donati MA, Cusano R, Pippucci T, Ravazzolo R, Németh AH, Smithson S, Davies S, Hurst JA, Bordo D, Rubio V, Seri M. ALDH18A1gene mutations cause dominant spastic paraplegia SPG9: loss of function effect and plausibility of a dominant negative mechanism. Brain 2015; 139:e3. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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Kardos GR, Wastyk HC, Robertson GP. Disruption of Proline Synthesis in Melanoma Inhibits Protein Production Mediated by the GCN2 Pathway. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1408-20. [PMID: 26082174 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Many processes are deregulated in melanoma cells and one of those is protein production. Although much is known about protein synthesis in cancer cells, effective ways of therapeutically targeting this process remain an understudied area of research. A process that is upregulated in melanoma compared with normal melanocytes is proline biosynthesis, which has been linked to both oncogene and tumor suppressor pathways, suggesting an important convergent point for therapeutic intervention. Therefore, an RNAi screen of a kinase library was undertaken, identifying aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family, member A1 (ALDH18A1) as a critically important gene in regulating melanoma cell growth through proline biosynthesis. Inhibition of ALDH18A1, the gene encoding pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), significantly decreased cultured melanoma cell viability and tumor growth. Knockdown of P5CS using siRNA had no effect on apoptosis, autophagy, or the cell cycle but cell-doubling time increased dramatically suggesting that there was a general slowdown in cellular metabolism. Mechanistically, targeting ALDH18A1 activated the serine/threonine protein kinase GCN2 (general control nonderepressible 2) to inhibit protein synthesis, which could be reversed with proline supplementation. Thus, targeting ALDH18A1 in melanoma can be used to disrupt proline biosynthesis to limit cell metabolism thereby increasing the cellular doubling time mediated through the GCN2 pathway. IMPLICATIONS This study demonstrates that melanoma cells are sensitive to disruption of proline synthesis and provides a proof-of-concept that the proline synthesis pathway can be therapeutically targeted in melanoma tumors for tumor inhibitory efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Kardos
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. The Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. The Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Hannah C Wastyk
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. The Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. The Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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32
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Coutelier M, Goizet C, Durr A, Habarou F, Morais S, Dionne-Laporte A, Tao F, Konop J, Stoll M, Charles P, Jacoupy M, Matusiak R, Alonso I, Tallaksen C, Mairey M, Kennerson M, Gaussen M, Schule R, Janin M, Morice-Picard F, Durand CM, Depienne C, Calvas P, Coutinho P, Saudubray JM, Rouleau G, Brice A, Nicholson G, Darios F, Loureiro JL, Zuchner S, Ottolenghi C, Mochel F, Stevanin G. Alteration of ornithine metabolism leads to dominant and recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia. Brain 2015; 138:2191-205. [PMID: 26026163 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias are heterogeneous neurological disorders characterized by a pyramidal syndrome with symptoms predominantly affecting the lower limbs. Some limited pyramidal involvement also occurs in patients with an autosomal recessive neurocutaneous syndrome due to ALDH18A1 mutations. ALDH18A1 encodes delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), an enzyme that catalyses the first and common step of proline and ornithine biosynthesis from glutamate. Through exome sequencing and candidate gene screening, we report two families with autosomal recessive transmission of ALDH18A1 mutations, and predominant complex hereditary spastic paraplegia with marked cognitive impairment, without any cutaneous abnormality. More interestingly, we also identified monoallelic ALDH18A1 mutations segregating in three independent families with autosomal dominant pure or complex hereditary spastic paraplegia, as well as in two sporadic patients. Low levels of plasma ornithine, citrulline, arginine and proline in four individuals from two families suggested P5CS deficiency. Glutamine loading tests in two fibroblast cultures from two related affected subjects confirmed a metabolic block at the level of P5CS in vivo. Besides expanding the clinical spectrum of ALDH18A1-related pathology, we describe mutations segregating in an autosomal dominant pattern. The latter are associated with a potential trait biomarker; we therefore suggest including amino acid chromatography in the clinico-genetic work-up of hereditary spastic paraplegia, particularly in dominant cases, as the associated phenotype is not distinct from other causative genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Coutelier
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 5 Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium 6 Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- 7 Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme, EA4576, F-33000, Bordeaux, France 8 CHU Pellegrin, Service de Génétique Médicale, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 9 APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Florence Habarou
- 10 Metabolic Biochemistry Lab, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, F-75015; and University Paris Descartes, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Sara Morais
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 6 Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, F-75014, Paris, France 11 UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, P-4150, Porto, Portugal 12 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, P-4150, Porto, Portugal 13 Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, P-4150, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Dionne-Laporte
- 14 Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Feifei Tao
- 15 Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Juliette Konop
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 6 Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Marion Stoll
- 16 Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute; Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital; Sydney Medical School University of Sydney, NSW 2138, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perrine Charles
- 9 APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Jacoupy
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Matusiak
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Isabel Alonso
- 11 UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, P-4150, Porto, Portugal 12 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, P-4150, Porto, Portugal 13 Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, P-4150, Porto, Portugal
| | - Chantal Tallaksen
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Mairey
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 6 Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Marina Kennerson
- 16 Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute; Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital; Sydney Medical School University of Sydney, NSW 2138, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marion Gaussen
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 6 Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca Schule
- 15 Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA 17 Centre for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University, G-72074, Tübingen, Germany 18 German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Eberhard-Karls-University, G-72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maxime Janin
- 10 Metabolic Biochemistry Lab, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, F-75015; and University Paris Descartes, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Morice-Picard
- 7 Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme, EA4576, F-33000, Bordeaux, France 8 CHU Pellegrin, Service de Génétique Médicale, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle M Durand
- 7 Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme, EA4576, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christel Depienne
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 9 APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Calvas
- 19 Fédération de Neurologie et Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, F-31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Paula Coutinho
- 11 UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, P-4150, Porto, Portugal 12 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, P-4150, Porto, Portugal 20 Serviço de Neurologia, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, P-4520-211, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Jean-Marie Saudubray
- 9 APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Guy Rouleau
- 14 Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada 21 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexis Brice
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 9 APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Garth Nicholson
- 16 Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute; Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital; Sydney Medical School University of Sydney, NSW 2138, Sydney, Australia
| | - Frédéric Darios
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - José L Loureiro
- 11 UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, P-4150, Porto, Portugal 20 Serviço de Neurologia, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, P-4520-211, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- 15 Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Chris Ottolenghi
- 10 Metabolic Biochemistry Lab, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, F-75015; and University Paris Descartes, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Mochel
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 9 APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- 1 INSERM, U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, F-75013, Paris, France 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France 6 Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, F-75014, Paris, France 9 APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
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Wan PJ, Fu KY, Lü FG, Guo WC, Li GQ. A putative Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase involved in the biosynthesis of proline and arginine in Leptinotarsa decemlineata. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 71:105-113. [PMID: 25450565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) catalyzes the conversion of glutamate (Glu) to Glu semialdehyde (GSA). GSA spontaneously cyclizes to form P5C. P5C is then reduced to proline (Pro) or is converted to ornithine, the intermediate for arginine (Arg) biosynthesis. In the present study, a full-length Ldp5cs complementary DNA was cloned from the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata, a notorious insect defoliator of potato in most potato-growing regions of the world. Ldp5cs encodes a 792-amino-acid protein which shares high identity to homologues from other insect species. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed that Ldp5cs was ubiquitously expressed in the eggs, first to fourth-instar larvae, wandering larvae, pupae and sexually mature adults. In the adults, Ldp5cs mRNA levels were higher in the fat body, foregut, midgut and hindgut, moderate in the ventral ganglion, lower in the thorax muscles, epidermis and Malpighian tubules. Two double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) (dsLdp5cs1 and dsLdp5cs2) targeting Ldp5cs were constructed and bacterially expressed. Ingestion during 3 consecutive days of dsLdp5cs1 or dsLdp5cs2 successfully silenced Ldp5cs, significantly reduced the contents of Pro and Arg in the hemolymph, decreased flight speed and shortened flight distance of the resulting adults. Furthermore, knocking down Ldp5cs significantly increased adult mortality. Thus, our results suggest that identified Ldp5cs encodes a functional P5CS enzyme that is involved in the biosynthesis of Pro and Arg in L. decemlineata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Jun Wan
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Kai-Yun Fu
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Feng-Gong Lü
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wen-Chao Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China.
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Fichman Y, Gerdes SY, Kovács H, Szabados L, Zilberstein A, Csonka LN. Evolution of proline biosynthesis: enzymology, bioinformatics, genetics, and transcriptional regulation. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 90:1065-99. [PMID: 25367752 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Proline is not only an essential component of proteins but it also has important roles in adaptation to osmotic and dehydration stresses, redox control, and apoptosis. Here, we review pathways of proline biosynthesis in the three domains of life. Pathway reconstruction from genome data for hundreds of eubacterial and dozens of archaeal and eukaryotic organisms revealed evolutionary conservation and variations of this pathway across different taxa. In the most prevalent pathway of proline synthesis, glutamate is phosphorylated to γ-glutamyl phosphate by γ-glutamyl kinase, reduced to γ-glutamyl semialdehyde by γ-glutamyl phosphate reductase, cyclized spontaneously to Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate and reduced to proline by Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase. In higher plants and animals the first two steps are catalysed by a bi-functional Δ(1) -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase. Alternative pathways of proline formation use the initial steps of the arginine biosynthetic pathway to ornithine, which can be converted to Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate by ornithine aminotransferase and then reduced to proline or converted directly to proline by ornithine cyclodeaminase. In some organisms, the latter pathways contribute to or could be fully responsible for the synthesis of proline. The conservation of proline biosynthetic enzymes and significance of specific residues for catalytic activity and allosteric regulation are analysed on the basis of protein structural data, multiple sequence alignments, and mutant studies, providing novel insights into proline biosynthesis in organisms. We also discuss the transcriptional control of the proline biosynthetic genes in bacteria and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Fichman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997803, Israel
| | - Svetlana Y Gerdes
- Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, U.S.A
| | - Hajnalka Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Szabados
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Aviah Zilberstein
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997803, Israel
| | - Laszlo N Csonka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
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Abstract
Human adults produce around 1000 mmol of ammonia daily. Some is reutilized in biosynthesis. The remainder is waste and neurotoxic. Eventually most is excreted in urine as urea, together with ammonia used as a buffer. In extrahepatic tissues, ammonia is incorporated into nontoxic glutamine and released into blood. Large amounts are metabolized by the kidneys and small intestine. In the intestine, this yields ammonia, which is sequestered in portal blood and transported to the liver for ureagenesis, and citrulline, which is converted to arginine by the kidneys. The amazing developments in NMR imaging and spectroscopy and molecular biology have confirmed concepts derived from early studies in animals and cell cultures. The processes involved are exquisitely tuned. When they are faulty, ammonia accumulates. Severe acute hyperammonemia causes a rapidly progressive, often fatal, encephalopathy with brain edema. Chronic milder hyperammonemia causes a neuropsychiatric illness. Survivors of severe neonatal hyperammonemia have structural brain damage. Proposed explanations for brain edema are an increase in astrocyte osmolality, generally attributed to glutamine accumulation, and cytotoxic oxidative/nitrosative damage. However, ammonia neurotoxicity is multifactorial, with disturbances also in neurotransmitters, energy production, anaplerosis, cerebral blood flow, potassium, and sodium. Around 90% of hyperammonemic patients have liver disease. Inherited defects are rare. They are being recognized increasingly in adults. Deficiencies of urea cycle enzymes, citrin, and pyruvate carboxylase demonstrate the roles of isolated pathways in ammonia metabolism. Phenylbutyrate is used routinely to treat inherited urea cycle disorders, and its use for hepatic encephalopathy is under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Walker
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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36
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Fischer B, Callewaert B, Schröter P, Coucke PJ, Schlack C, Ott CE, Morroni M, Homann W, Mundlos S, Morava E, Ficcadenti A, Kornak U. Severe congenital cutis laxa with cardiovascular manifestations due to homozygous deletions in ALDH18A1. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 112:310-6. [PMID: 24913064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive cutis laxa (ARCL) type 2 constitutes a heterogeneous group of diseases mainly characterized by lax and wrinkled skin, skeletal anomalies, and a variable degree of intellectual disability. ALDH18A1-related ARCL is the most severe form within this disease spectrum. Here we report on the clinical and molecular findings of two affected individuals from two unrelated families. The patients presented with typical features of de Barsy syndrome and an overall progeroid appearance. However, the phenotype was highly variable including cardiovascular involvement in the more severe case. Investigation of a skin biopsy of one patient revealed not only the typical alterations of elastic fibers, but also an altered structure of mitochondria in cutaneous fibroblasts. Using conventional sequencing and copy number analysis we identified a frameshift deletion of one nucleotide and a microdeletion affecting the ALDH18A1 gene, respectively, in a homozygous state in both patients. Expression analysis in dermal fibroblasts from the patient carrying the microdeletion showed an almost complete absence of the ALDH18A1 mRNA resulting in an absence of the ALDH18A1 protein. So far, only 13 affected individuals from seven unrelated families suffering from ALDH18A1-related cutis laxa have been described in literature. Our findings provide new insights into the clinical spectrum and show that beside point mutations microdeletions are a possible cause of ALDH18A1-ARCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Fischer
- Institut fuer Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik, FG Development & Disease, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Phillipe Schröter
- Institut fuer Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul J Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claire Schlack
- Institut fuer Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claus-Eric Ott
- Institut fuer Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik, FG Development & Disease, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manrico Morroni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche and Electron Microscopy Unit, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Homann
- Neonatologie, Christliches Kinderhospital Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Institut fuer Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik, FG Development & Disease, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Morava
- Tulane University Medical Center, Hayward Genetics Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Anna Ficcadenti
- Rare diseases Regional Centre, Pediatric Institute of Maternal-Infantile Sciences Department, Polytechnic University of Marche, Salesi Hospital of United Hospitals of Ancona, Italy
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Institut fuer Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik, FG Development & Disease, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
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37
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Wolthuis DFGJ, van Asbeck E, Mohamed M, Gardeitchik T, Lim-Melia ER, Wevers RA, Morava E. Cutis laxa, fat pads and retinopathy due to ALDH18A1 mutation and review of the literature. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2014; 18:511-5. [PMID: 24767728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive cutis laxa (ARCL) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by wrinkled, inelastic skin, frequently associated with a neurologic involvement and multisystem disease. Next generation sequencing was performed in genetically unsolved patients with progeroid features, neurological and eye involvement to assess the underlying etiology. We describe an 6 month old child, diagnosed with a novel, homozygous nonsense mutation c.2339T>C in exon 18 of the ALDH18A1 gene, and reviewed all reported P5CS patients. So far 10 patients were described with mutations in ALDH18A1. Features of our patient that have been described in literature included cutis laxa on hands and feet, visible veins on thorax and abdomen, joint laxity, failure to thrive, short stature, microcephaly, and severe developmental and speech delay. Furthermore, abnormal fat distribution, retinal abnormalities, undescended testis, and retinitis pigmentosa have never been described in ALDH18A1. Some features described as unique in ALDH18A1 have been observed in PYCR1 patients, thus suggesting that the phenotypic overlap is higher than previously shown. In conclusion, the clinical phenotype caused by ALDH18A1 mutations is diverse, with variable degree of progeria in children, but always in association with neurologic disease. We suggest genetic testing for possible ALDH18A1 mutations in all patients with progeroid features, like wrinkled or parchment-like skin, abnormal growth, especially with central nervous system involvement and microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F G J Wolthuis
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University Medical School, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Laboratory of Genetic, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellyze van Asbeck
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University Medical School, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Laboratory of Genetic, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miski Mohamed
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University Medical School, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Laboratory of Genetic, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thatjana Gardeitchik
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University Medical School, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Laboratory of Genetic, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ron A Wevers
- Laboratory of Genetic, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Morava
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University Medical School, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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38
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Handley MT, Mégarbané A, Meynert AM, Brown S, Freyer E, Taylor MS, Jackson IJ, Aligianis IA. Loss of ALDH18A1 function is associated with a cellular lipid droplet phenotype suggesting a link between autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 3A and Warburg Micro syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2014; 2:319-25. [PMID: 25077174 PMCID: PMC4113272 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 3A is caused by mutations in ALDH18A1, a gene encoding the mitochondrial enzyme Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS). It is a rare disorder with only six pathogenic mutations and 10 affected individuals from five families previously described in the literature. Here we report the identification of novel compound heterozygous missense mutations in two affected siblings from a Lebanese family by whole-exome sequencing. The mutations alter a conserved C-terminal domain of the encoded protein and reduce protein stability as determined through Western blot analysis of patient fibroblasts. Patient fibroblasts exhibit a lipid droplet phenotype similar to that recently reported in Warburg Micro syndrome, a disorder with similar features but hitherto unrelated cellular etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Handley
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - André Mégarbané
- Institut Médical Jérôme Lejeune et Fondation Jérome Lejeune Paris, France ; Unité de Génétique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alison M Meynert
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen Brown
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elisabeth Freyer
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin S Taylor
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Jackson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - Irene A Aligianis
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
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39
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Greally MT, Kalis NN, Agab W, Ardati K, Giurgea S, Kornak U, Van Maldergem L. Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2A (ARCL2A) mimicking Ehlers-Danlos syndrome by its dermatological manifestations: Report of three affected patients. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:1245-53. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie T. Greally
- National Centre for Medical Genetics; Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin; Dublin Ireland
- Bahrain Defence Forces Hospital; Department of Paediatric Cardiology; Riffa Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Neale N. Kalis
- Bahrain Defence Forces Hospital; Department of Paediatric Cardiology; Riffa Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Wahid Agab
- Bahrain Defence Forces Hospital; Department of Paediatric Cardiology; Riffa Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Kasim Ardati
- Bahrain Specialist Hospital; Juffair Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Sanda Giurgea
- Department of Neurology; CHU Tivoli; La Louvière Belgium
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Institute of Medical and Human Genetics; Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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40
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Van Asbeck E, Wolthuis DF, Mohamed M, Wevers RA, Korenke CG, Gardeitchik T, Morava E. A novel phenotype associated with cutis laxa, abnormal fat distribution, cardiomyopathy and cataract. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:1049-55. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellyze Van Asbeck
- Department of Pediatrics; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; Nijmegen Gelderland Netherlands
- Hayward Genetics Center and Department of Pediatrics; Tulane University Medical School; New Orleans Louisiana
| | - David F.G.J. Wolthuis
- Department of Pediatrics; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; Nijmegen Gelderland Netherlands
- Hayward Genetics Center and Department of Pediatrics; Tulane University Medical School; New Orleans Louisiana
| | - Miski Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; Nijmegen Gelderland Netherlands
| | - Ron A. Wevers
- Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; Nijmegen Gelderland Netherlands
| | | | - Thatjana Gardeitchik
- Department of Pediatrics; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; Nijmegen Gelderland Netherlands
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Pediatrics; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; Nijmegen Gelderland Netherlands
- Hayward Genetics Center and Department of Pediatrics; Tulane University Medical School; New Orleans Louisiana
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41
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42
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Luo M, Singh RK, Tanner JJ. Structural determinants of oligomerization of δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase: identification of a hexamerization hot spot. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:3106-20. [PMID: 23747974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) superfamily member Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH) catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of glutamate semialdehyde to glutamate, which is the final step of proline catabolism. Defects in P5CDH activity lead to the metabolic disorder type II hyperprolinemia, P5CDH is essential for virulence of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, and bacterial P5CDHs have been targeted for vaccine development. Although the enzyme oligomeric state is known to be important for ALDH function, the oligomerization of P5CDH has remained relatively unstudied. Here we determine the oligomeric states and quaternary structures of four bacterial P5CDHs using a combination of small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray crystallography, and dynamic light scattering. The P5CDHs from Thermus thermophilus and Deinococcus radiodurans form trimer-of-dimers hexamers in solution, which is the first observation of a hexameric ALDH in solution. In contrast, two Bacillus P5CDHs form dimers in solution but do not assemble into a higher-order oligomer. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to identify a hexamerization hot spot that is centered on an arginine residue in the NAD(+)-binding domain. Mutation of this critical Arg residue to Ala in either of the hexameric enzymes prevents hexamer formation in solution. Paradoxically, the dimeric Arg-to-Ala T. thermophilus mutant enzyme packs as a hexamer in the crystal state, which illustrates the challenges associated with predicting the biological assembly in solution from crystal structures. The observation of different oligomeric states among P5CDHs suggests potential differences in cooperativity and protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Häberle J. Clinical and biochemical aspects of primary and secondary hyperammonemic disorders. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 536:101-8. [PMID: 23628343 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An increased concentration of ammonia is a non-specific laboratory sign indicating the presence of potentially toxic free ammonia that is not normally removed. This does occur in many different conditions for which hyperammonemia is a surrogate marker. Hyperammonemia can occur due to increased production or impaired detoxification of ammonia and should, if associated with clinical symptoms, be regarded as an emergency. The conditions can be classified into primary or secondary hyperammonemias depending on the underlying pathophysiology. If the urea cycle is directly affected by a defect of any of the involved enzymes or transporters, this results in primary hyperammonemia. If however the function of the urea cycle is inhibited by toxic metabolites or by substrate deficiencies, the situation is described as secondary hyperammonemia. For removal of ammonia, mammals require the action of glutamine synthetase in addition to the urea cycle, in order to ensure lowering of plasma ammonia concentrations to the normal range. Independent of its etiology, hyperammonemia may result in irreversible brain damage if not treated early and thoroughly. Thus, early recognition of a hyperammonemic state and immediate initiation of the specific management are of utmost importance. The main prognostic factors are, irrespective of the underlying cause, the duration of the hyperammonemic coma and the extent of ammonia accumulation. This paper will discuss the biochemical background of primary and secondary hyperammonemia and will give an overview of the various underlying conditions including a brief clinical outline and information on the genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Häberle
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstr. 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Singh S, Brocker C, Koppaka V, Ying C, Jackson B, Matsumoto A, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Aldehyde dehydrogenases in cellular responses to oxidative/electrophilic stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 56. [PMID: 23195683 PMCID: PMC3631350 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously generated within living systems and the inability to manage ROS load leads to elevated oxidative stress and cell damage. Oxidative stress is coupled to the oxidative degradation of lipid membranes, also known as lipid peroxidation. This process generates over 200 types of aldehydes, many of which are highly reactive and toxic. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) metabolize endogenous and exogenous aldehydes and thereby mitigate oxidative/electrophilic stress in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. ALDHs are found throughout the evolutionary gamut, from single-celled organisms to complex multicellular species. Not surprisingly, many ALDHs in evolutionarily distant, and seemingly unrelated, species perform similar functions, including protection against a variety of environmental stressors such as dehydration and ultraviolet radiation. The ability to act as an "aldehyde scavenger" during lipid peroxidation is another ostensibly universal ALDH function found across species. Upregulation of ALDHs is a stress response in bacteria (environmental and chemical stress), plants (dehydration, salinity, and oxidative stress), yeast (ethanol exposure and oxidative stress), Caenorhabditis elegans (lipid peroxidation), and mammals (oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation). Recent studies have also identified ALDH activity as an important feature of cancer stem cells. In these cells, ALDH expression helps abrogate oxidative stress and imparts resistance against chemotherapeutic agents such as oxazaphosphorine, taxane, and platinum drugs. The ALDH superfamily represents a fundamentally important class of enzymes that contributes significantly to the management of electrophilic/oxidative stress within living systems. Mutations in various ALDHs are associated with a variety of pathological conditions in humans, highlighting the fundamental importance of these enzymes in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chad Brocker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vindhya Koppaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chen Ying
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brian Jackson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Akiko Matsumoto
- Department of Social Medicine, Saga University School of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - David C. Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Corresponding author: Vasilis Vasiliou, Ph.D., , phone: 1 (303) 724-3520, fax: 1 (303) 724-7266
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Abstract
Defects in the synthesis pathways of amino acids have only been discovered in recent years and are relatively unknown to most clinicians. In this chapter disorders neurological symptoms caused by genetic defects in the synthesis of the amino acids serine, glutamine and proline are discussed. Patients with serine deficiency invariably suffer from severe neurological symptoms such as microcephaly, psychomotor retardation and intractable seizures. The same is true for patients with a defect in the synthesis of glutamine who present with hypotonia and epileptic encephalopathy. Patients with a disorder in the synthesis proline have mental retardation in combination with symptoms of connective tissue disease. All amino acids synthesis disorders, except for one of the proline defects, can be diagnosed by routine amino acid analysis. Given the fact that the disorder discussed here lead to deficiencies of amino acids opens up possibilities to treat these patients with the amino acids that can't be synthesised. Prompt recognition and treatment of amino acid synthesis disorders are of outmost importance to obtain satisfactory treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J de Koning
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Martinelli D, Häberle J, Rubio V, Giunta C, Hausser I, Carrozzo R, Gougeard N, Marco-Marín C, Goffredo BM, Meschini MC, Bevivino E, Boenzi S, Colafati GS, Brancati F, Baumgartner MR, Dionisi-Vici C. Understanding pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase deficiency: clinical, molecular, functional, and expression studies, structure-based analysis, and novel therapy with arginine. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012; 35:761-76. [PMID: 22170564 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-011-9411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Δ(1)-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) catalyzes the first two steps of ornithine/proline biosynthesis. P5CS deficiency has been reported in three families, with patients presenting with cutis/joint laxity, cataracts, and neurodevelopmental delay. Only one family exhibited metabolic changes consistent with P5CS deficiency (low proline/ornithine/citrulline/arginine; fasting hyperammonemia). Here we report a new P5CS-deficient patient presenting the complete clinical/metabolic phenotype and carrying p.G93R and p.T299I substitutions in the γ-glutamyl kinase (γGK) component of P5CS. The effects of these substitutions are (1) tested in mutagenesis/functional studies with E.coli γGK, (2) rationalized by structural modelling, and (3) reflected in decreased P5CS protein in patient fibroblasts (shown by immunofluorescence). Using optical/electron microscopy on skin biopsy, we show collagen/elastin fiber alterations that may contribute to connective tissue laxity and are compatible with our angio-MRI finding of kinky brain vessels in the patient. MR spectroscopy revealed decreased brain creatine, which normalized after sustained arginine supplementation, with improvement of neurodevelopmental and metabolic parameters, suggesting a pathogenic role of brain creatine decrease and the value of arginine therapy. Morphological and functional studies of fibroblast mitochondria show that P5CS deficiency is not associated with the mitochondrial alterations observed in Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase deficiency (another proline biosynthesis defect presenting cutis laxa and neurological alterations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy.
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Srivastava D, Singh RK, Moxley MA, Henzl MT, Becker DF, Tanner JJ. The three-dimensional structural basis of type II hyperprolinemia. J Mol Biol 2012; 420:176-89. [PMID: 22516612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Type II hyperprolinemia is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency in Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH; also known as ALDH4A1), the aldehyde dehydrogenase that catalyzes the oxidation of glutamate semialdehyde to glutamate. Here, we report the first structure of human P5CDH (HsP5CDH) and investigate the impact of the hyperprolinemia-associated mutation of Ser352 to Leu on the structure and catalytic properties of the enzyme. The 2. 5-Å-resolution crystal structure of HsP5CDH was determined using experimental phasing. Structures of the mutant enzymes S352A (2.4 Å) and S352L (2.85 Å) were determined to elucidate the structural consequences of altering Ser352. Structures of the 93% identical mouse P5CDH complexed with sulfate ion (1.3 Å resolution), glutamate (1.5 Å), and NAD(+) (1.5 Å) were determined to obtain high-resolution views of the active site. Together, the structures show that Ser352 occupies a hydrophilic pocket and is connected via water-mediated hydrogen bonds to catalytic Cys348. Mutation of Ser352 to Leu is shown to abolish catalytic activity and eliminate NAD(+) binding. Analysis of the S352A mutant shows that these functional defects are caused by the introduction of the nonpolar Leu352 side chain rather than the removal of the Ser352 hydroxyl. The S352L structure shows that the mutation induces a dramatic 8-Å rearrangement of the catalytic loop. Because of this conformational change, Ser349 is not positioned to interact with the aldehyde substrate, conserved Glu447 is no longer poised to bind NAD(+), and Cys348 faces the wrong direction for nucleophilic attack. These structural alterations render the enzyme inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Zampatti S, Castori M, Fischer B, Ferrari P, Garavelli L, Dionisi-Vici C, Agolini E, Wischmeijer A, Morava E, Novelli G, Häberle J, Kornak U, Brancati F. De Barsy Syndrome: a genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive cutis laxa syndrome related to P5CS and PYCR1 dysfunction. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:927-31. [PMID: 22411858 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Zampatti
- Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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Mohamed M, Kouwenberg D, Gardeitchik T, Kornak U, Wevers RA, Morava E. Metabolic cutis laxa syndromes. J Inherit Metab Dis 2011; 34:907-16. [PMID: 21431621 PMCID: PMC3137780 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-011-9305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cutis laxa is a rare skin disorder characterized by wrinkled, redundant, inelastic and sagging skin due to defective synthesis of elastic fibers and other proteins of the extracellular matrix. Wrinkled, inelastic skin occurs in many cases as an acquired condition. Syndromic forms of cutis laxa, however, are caused by diverse genetic defects, mostly coding for structural extracellular matrix proteins. Surprisingly a number of metabolic disorders have been also found to be associated with inherited cutis laxa. Menkes disease was the first metabolic disease reported with old-looking, wrinkled skin. Cutis laxa has recently been found in patients with abnormal glycosylation. The discovery of the COG7 defect in patients with wrinkled, inelastic skin was the first genetic link with the Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG). Since then several inborn errors of metabolism with cutis laxa have been described with variable severity. These include P5CS, ATP6V0A2-CDG and PYCR1 defects. In spite of the evolving number of cutis laxa-related diseases a large part of the cases remain genetically unsolved. In metabolic cutis laxa syndromes the clinical and laboratory features might partially overlap, however there are some distinct, discriminative features. In this review on metabolic diseases causing cutis laxa we offer a practical approach for the differential diagnosis of metabolic cutis laxa syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miski Mohamed
- Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disease, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorus Kouwenberg
- Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disease, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thatjana Gardeitchik
- Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disease, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ron A. Wevers
- Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Morava
- Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disease, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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50
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Skidmore DL, Chitayat D, Morgan T, Hinek A, Fischer B, Dimopoulou A, Somers G, Halliday W, Blaser S, Diambomba Y, Lemire EG, Kornak U, Robertson SP. Further expansion of the phenotypic spectrum associated with mutations in ALDH18A1, encoding Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS). Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:1848-56. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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