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Giatraki V, Galanakis E, Perdikogianni C. Role of Vitamin D and Vitamin D Polymorphisms in COVID-19 Risk and Severity in Children: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e61326. [PMID: 38947671 PMCID: PMC11213648 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of vitamin D in the susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease has been investigated since the beginning of the pandemic, but there is still scarce data on children. We investigated the impact of vitamin D status and the related genetic variants on COVID-19 vulnerability and severity of the disease in children. A systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, to identify reports on vitamin D status and genetic polymorphisms, their association with the susceptibility of children to COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and the effect of supplementation on the clinical course. Of an initial total of 279 articles, 26 studies, published between September 2020 and May 2023, were finally included in this review according to inclusion criteria. Quantitative data provided by 11 studies revealed that 43.05% of pediatric COVID-19 patients had low vitamin D levels. Mean serum 25(OH)D levels were observed to be significantly low in COVID-19 cases, with an estimated pooled mean value of 17 ng/mL, as provided by 16 studies. Vitamin D deficiency and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism may suggest independent risk factors for susceptibility to COVID-19 in the pediatric population. The 25(OH)D level may constitute a significant biomarker associated with the COVID-19 severity and MIS-C. While supplementation of COVID-19 cases with vitamin D showed favorable results, the effect on the outcome of the disease remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Giatraki
- Department of Paediatrics & Laboratory of Child Health, Medical School University of Crete, Heraklion, GRC
| | - Emmanouil Galanakis
- Department of Paediatrics & Laboratory of Child Health, Medical School University of Crete, Heraklion, GRC
| | - Chrysoula Perdikogianni
- Department of Paediatrics & Laboratory of Child Health, Medical School University of Crete, Heraklion, GRC
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2
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Hussein MM, Mohamed EM, Kamal TM, Deraz TE. Increased susceptibility to complicated pneumonia among egyptian children with FokI (rs2228570), not TaqI (rs731236), vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in association with vitamin D deficiency: a case-control study. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:394. [PMID: 37559014 PMCID: PMC10410927 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining a genetic contribution to the development of complicated community-acquired pneumonia in children may help understand underlying pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate the association between two vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms, FokI and TaqI, and susceptibility to complicated pneumonia in Egyptian children compared to uncomplicated pneumonia. Associations with 25 hydroxy-vitamin D serum level were studied. METHODS This was a case-control study that included 320 participants divided into 2 groups: patients and controls. The patients' group included 100 children hospitalized with complicated pneumonia and 100 with uncomplicated pneumonia. 120 age and sex-matched apparently healthy children served as controls. The VDR FokI and TaqI polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. 25 hydroxy-vitamin D level was estimated in serum using ELISA. RESULTS Regarding FokI, homozygous CC genotype was more common in complicated (52%) than uncomplicated pneumonia (28%) and controls (10%) (OR = 65; 95%CI (5.13-822.63), p < 0.001) and (OR = 4.3; 95%CI (0.7-27.16), p = 0.003), respectively. Children carrying C allele possessed 3 higher odds for complicated than uncomplicated pneumonia (OR = 3.08; 95%CI (1.33-7.14), p < 0.001). Heterozygous CT genotype increased susceptibility to complicated pneumonia (OR = 13.7; 95%CI (4.6-40.1), p < 0.001), not uncomplicated pneumonia (OR = 1.56; 95%CI (0.86-2.85), p = 0.145). Among complicated pneumonia, vitamin D level was lower in CC (6.92 ± 2.6ng/ml) than CT (9.55 ± 3.2 ng/ml) and TT genotype carriers (13.13 ± 3.6ng/ml) (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between patients and controls as regards TaqI genotypes and alleles. CONCLUSION In association with vitamin D deficiency, VDR gene FokI polymorphism, not TaqI, is a genetic risk factor for complicated pneumonia in Egyptian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahitab Morsy Hussein
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 1156, Egypt.
| | - Enas Maher Mohamed
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 1156, Egypt
| | - Tarek Mostafa Kamal
- Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tharwat Ezzat Deraz
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 1156, Egypt
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3
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Zeidan NMS, Lateef HMAE, Selim DM, Razek SA, Abd-Elrehim GAB, Nashat M, ElGyar N, Waked NM, Soliman AA, Elhewala AA, Shehab MMM, Ibraheem AAA, Shehata H, Yousif YM, Akeel NE, Hashem MIA, Ahmed AA, Emam AA, Abdelmohsen MM, Ahmed MF, Saleh ASE, Eltrawy HH, Shahin GH, Nabil RM, Hosny TA, Abdelhamed MR, Afify MR, Alharbi MT, Nagshabandi MK, Tarabulsi MK, Osman SF, Abd-Elrazek ASM, Rashad MM, El-Gaaly SAA, Gad SAB, Mohamed MY, Abdelkhalek K, Yousef AA. Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism as risk factors for COVID-19. Pediatr Res 2022; 93:1383-1390. [PMID: 36085364 PMCID: PMC9461391 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the sparse data on vitamin D status in pediatric COVID-19, we investigated whether vitamin D deficiency could be a risk factor for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. We also investigated whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism could be a genetic marker for COVID-19 susceptibility. METHODS One hundred and eighty patients diagnosed to have COVID-19 and 200 matched control children and adolescents were recruited. Patients were laboratory confirmed as SARS-CoV-2 positive by real-time RT-PCR. All participants were genotyped for VDR Fok1 polymorphism by RT-PCR. Vitamin D status was defined as sufficient for serum 25(OH) D at least 30 ng/mL, insufficient at 21-29 ng/mL, deficient at <20 ng/mL. RESULTS Ninety-four patients (52%) had low vitamin D levels with 74 (41%) being deficient and 20 (11%) had vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with 2.6-fold increased risk for COVID-19 (OR = 2.6; [95% CI 1.96-4.9]; P = 0.002. The FokI FF genotype was significantly more represented in patients compared to control group (OR = 4.05; [95% CI: 1.95-8.55]; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency and VDR Fok I polymorphism may constitute independent risk factors for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. IMPACT Vitamin D deficiency could be a modifiable risk factor for COVID-19 in children and adolescents because of its immune-modulatory action. To our knowledge, ours is the first such study to investigate the VDR Fok I polymorphism in Caucasian children and adolescents with COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency and the VDR Fok I polymorphism may constitute independent risk factors for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. Clinical trials should be urgently conducted to test for causality and to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 taking into account the VDR polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M. S. Zeidan
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan M. Abd El Lateef
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia M. Selim
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Suzan A. Razek
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada A. B. Abd-Elrehim
- grid.412659.d0000 0004 0621 726XDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nashat
- grid.417764.70000 0004 4699 3028Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Noha ElGyar
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Nevin M. Waked
- grid.412319.c0000 0004 1765 2101Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Attia A. Soliman
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Elhewala
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. M. Shehab
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. A. Ibraheem
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hassan Shehata
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yousif M. Yousif
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nagwa E. Akeel
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mustafa I. A. Hashem
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amani A. Ahmed
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Emam
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Abdelmohsen
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Ahmed
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. E. Saleh
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Heba H. Eltrawy
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehan H. Shahin
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab M. Nabil
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Thoraya A. Hosny
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Mona R. Afify
- grid.460099.2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanned T. Alharbi
- grid.460099.2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed K. Nagshabandi
- grid.460099.2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muyassar K. Tarabulsi
- grid.460099.2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif F. Osman
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Radiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX USA
| | - Amal S. M. Abd-Elrazek
- grid.411775.10000 0004 0621 4712Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt
| | - Manal M. Rashad
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sonya A. A. El-Gaaly
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Said A. B. Gad
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y. Mohamed
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khalil Abdelkhalek
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aly A. Yousef
- grid.412093.d0000 0000 9853 2750Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
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Kuti BP, Akinwumi AI, Kuti DK, Amoo KO. Relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, total antioxidant capacity and pneumonia incidence, severity and outcome in Nigerian children. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BRONCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43168-020-00029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The pathologic basis of childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) involves the generation of reactive oxygen species by immune cells leading to cellular damage and lung congestion. Serum antioxidants and vitamin D with immunomodulatory properties therefore hold prospects in the prevention and management of pneumonia in children. This case–control study set out to compare the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in Nigerian children with CAP and age- and sex-matched controls and to relate these parameters with pneumonia severity and outcome—length of hospital stay (LOH).
Results
A total of 160 children (80 each for CAP and controls) were recruited. The median (IQR) age was 1.8 (0.6–4.0) years, male:female 1.7:1, 63 (78.8%) and 11 (13.8%) of CAP group had severe pneumonia and parapneumonic effusions, respectively. Serum 25-OHD (33.8 (18.3) ng/ml vs. 41.9 (12.3) ng/ml; p = 0.010) and TAC (6.1 (4.4–8.1) ng/dl vs. 7.2 (4.7–17.5) ng/dl; p = 0.023) were lower in children with CAP than controls. Lower serum 25-OHD was observed in severe than non-severe pneumonia (30.5(17.1) ng/ml vs. 46.3 (17.6) ng/ml; p = 0.001) but LOH did not correlate with serum 25-OHD and TAC.
Conclusion
Children with CAP had lower serum vitamin D and antioxidants than controls, and severe pneumonia was significantly associated with suboptimal serum vitamin D. They however were not related to pneumonia outcome. Optimal serum vitamin D and antioxidants may play a role in reducing the incidence of childhood CAP in Nigerian children.
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Zar HJ, Moore DP, Andronikou S, Argent AC, Avenant T, Cohen C, Green RJ, Itzikowitz G, Jeena P, Masekela R, Nicol MP, Pillay A, Reubenson G, Madhi SA. Diagnosis and management of community-acquired pneumonia in children: South African Thoracic Society guidelines. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med 2020; 26:10.7196/AJTCCM.2020.v26i3.104. [PMID: 34471872 PMCID: PMC7433705 DOI: 10.7196/ajtccm.2020.v26i3.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumonia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality amongst South African children. More comprehensive immunisation regimens, strengthening of HIV programmes, improvement in socioeconomic conditions and new preventive strategies have impacted on the epidemiology of pneumonia. Furthermore, sensitive diagnostic tests and better sampling methods in young children improve aetiological diagnosis. OBJECTIVES To produce revised guidelines for pneumonia in South African children under 5 years of age. METHODS The Paediatric Assembly of the South African Thoracic Society and the National Institute for Communicable Diseases established seven expert subgroups to revise existing South African guidelines focusing on: (i) epidemiology; (ii) aetiology; (iii) diagnosis; (iv) antibiotic management and supportive therapy; (v) management in intensive care; (vi) prevention; and (vii) considerations in HIV-infected or HIVexposed, uninfected (HEU) children. Each subgroup reviewed the published evidence in their area; in the absence of evidence, expert opinion was accepted. Evidence was graded using the British Thoracic Society (BTS) grading system. Sections were synthesized into an overall guideline which underwent peer review and revision. RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendations include a diagnostic approach, investigations, management and preventive strategies. Specific recommendations for HIV infected and HEU children are provided. VALIDATION The guideline is based on available published evidence supplemented by the consensus opinion of SA paediatric experts. Recommendations are consistent with those in published international guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D P Moore
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S Andronikou
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Philadephia, USA
| | - A C Argent
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - T Avenant
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - C Cohen
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - R J Green
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - G Itzikowitz
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - P Jeena
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - R Masekela
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - M P Nicol
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - A Pillay
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - G Reubenson
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Analytics Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: South African Research Chair in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Shen H, Liu Q, Huang P, Fan H, Zang F, Liu M, Zhuo L, Wu J, Wu G, Yu R, Yang J. Vitamin D receptor genetic polymorphisms are associated with oral lichen planus susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:26. [PMID: 32000758 PMCID: PMC6993400 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-1002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is involved in multiple immune-mediated disorders including oral lichen planus (OLP). This study investigated the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and the risk of OLP. METHODS In total, 177 OLP patients and 207 healthy participants were recruited from the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs731236, rs739837, rs757343, rs2107301, rs2239185, rs7975232, rs11574129 and rs11568820) in the VDR gene were selected and genotyped. RESULTS The results showed that OLP risk was increased in subjects with the rs2239185 TT genotype (Recessive model: adjusted Odd ratio(OR) = 2.68, 95% Confidence interval(CI) = 1.28-5.62, P = 0.009) and rs7975232 CC genotype (Recessive model: adjusted OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.10-4.58, P = 0.026). Moreover, rs2239185 and rs7975232 (P < 0.01) showed significant cumulative effects on OLP risk.Haplotype analysis showed that the CC haplotype (rs2239185-rs7975232) was associated with an increased risk of OLP (OR = 3.11, 95% CI = 1.42-6.83, P = 0.005), compared with the AC haplotype. CONCLUSION The rs2239185 and rs7975232 variants of VDR may influence OLP susceptibility, and VDR gene polymorphisms may be candidate susceptibility regions for OLP in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qinglan Liu
- Department of oral mucosal disease, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Haozhi Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Feng Zang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Lingyun Zhuo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Guoying Wu
- Department of oral mucosal disease, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Rongbin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Jianrong Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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7
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Liu Y, Xu HB. Genetic polymorphisms of rs9313422 G>C and rs41297579 G>A at the promoter of TIM-1 gene contribute to the risk of community-acquired pneumonia in children. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e23095. [PMID: 31800133 PMCID: PMC7083502 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms of rs9313422 G>C and rs41297579 G>A at the promoter of TIM-1 gene with the risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. METHODS A total of 112 children with CAP were included as the case group. Another 120 healthy children were enrolled as the control group. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was applied for the genotyping of rs9313422 G>C and rs41297579 G>A in the promoter region of TIM-1. RESULTS rs9313422 G>C was related to the risk of CAP in children under codominant model, dominant model, recessive model, and allele model. Besides, the A allele of rs41297579 G>A could increase the risk of CAP in children. Besides, the haplotype GA (rs9313422-rs41297579) and GG reduced the risk of children CAP, while haplotype CA had an elevated risk. rs9313422 G>C and rs41297579 G>A polymorphisms were both associated with the severity of CAP in children, and the rs9313422 G>C was also related to the ICU admission rate. In addition, patients carried with the mutant homozygotes of rs9313422 G>C and rs41297579 G>A showed higher levels of white blood cell (WBC), procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) than the wild type and heterozygous genotypes carriers. CONCLUSION rs9313422 G>C and rs41297579 G>A polymorphisms in the promoter region of TIM-1 could increase the risk of CAP in children and showed a relation with inflammatory responses and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hong-Bo Xu
- Neonatal Department, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jingzhou City, Jingzhou, China
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8
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Li YP, Wang MQ, Deng HL, Li M, Zhang X, Dang SS, Zhai S. Association of polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene with susceptibility to and severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by coxsackievirus A16. J Med Virol 2019; 92:271-278. [PMID: 31587312 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) remains the most common causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), and is related to high incidence and critical complications. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) activity might affect the outcome of CA16 infection. Our case-control research aims to evaluate the relationship between VDR polymorphisms in the gene encoding and susceptibility to and severity of HFMD due to CA16. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of VDR gene were selected according to functional prediction and linkage disequilibrium, and were examined utilizing the SNPscan method to identify possible associations with HFMD caused by CA16. A significant relationship was found in the HFMD cases of polymorphism rs11574129 (GA vs GG: odds ratio (OR) = 0.068, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.007-0.693, P = .023; GA + AA vs GG: OR = 0.322, 95%CI = 0.106-0.984, P = .047), and vitamin D levels in genotype AA were significantly higher than those in genotype GG (P < .05). These results suggest that VDR rs11574129 may influence genetic susceptibility to CA16-associated HFMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Mu-Qi Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Ling Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuang-Suo Dang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Song Zhai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
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9
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Abouzeid H, Abdelaal NM, Abdou MA, Mosabah AAA, Zakaria MT, Soliman MM, Sherif AM, Hamed ME, Soliman AA, Noah MA, Khalil AM, Hegab MS, Abdel-Aziz A, Elashkar SSA, Nabil RM, Abdou AM, Al-Akad GM, Elbasyouni HAA. Association of vitamin D receptor gene FokI polymorphism and susceptibility to CAP in Egyptian children: a multicenter study. Pediatr Res 2018; 84:639-644. [PMID: 30135595 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of child deaths around the world. Recently, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene has emerged as a susceptibility gene for CAP. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association of the VDR gene Fok I polymorphism with susceptibility to CAP in Egyptian children. METHODS This was a multicenter case-control study of 300 patients diagnosed with CAP, and 300 well-matched healthy control children. The VDR Fok I (rs2228570) polymorphism was genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), meanwhile serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25D) level was assessed using ELISA method. RESULTS The frequencies of the VDR FF genotype and F allele were more common in patients with CAP than in our control group (OR = 3.6; (95% CI: 1.9-6.7) for the FF genotype; P = 0.001) and (OR: 1.8; (95% CI: 1.4-2.3) for the F allele; P = 0.01). Patients carrying the VDR FF genotype had lower serum (25D) level (mean; 14.8 ± 3.6 ng/ml) than Ff genotype (20.6 ± 4.5 ng/ml) and the ff genotype (24.5 ± 3.7 ng/ml); P < 0.01. CONCLUSION The VDR gene Fok I (rs2228570) polymorphism confers susceptibility to CAP in Egyptian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Abouzeid
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - NourEldin M Abdelaal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Abdou
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira A A Mosabah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mervat T Zakaria
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf M Sherif
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed E Hamed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Attia A Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Maha A Noah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Atef M Khalil
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Hegab
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Alsayed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa S A Elashkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Nabil
- Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Adel M Abdou
- Department of Clinical pathology, Al Azhar Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Al-Akad
- Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hany A A Elbasyouni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Monufia, Egypt
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10
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Moustaki M, Loukou I, Priftis KN, Douros K. Role of vitamin D in cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. World J Clin Pediatr 2017; 6:132-142. [PMID: 28828295 PMCID: PMC5547424 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v6.i3.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is usually classified as cystic fibrosis (CF) related or CF unrelated (non-CF); the latter is not considered an orphan disease any more, even in developed countries. Irrespective of the underlying etiology, bronchiectasis is the result of interaction between host, pathogens, and environment. Vitamin D is known to be involved in a wide spectrum of significant immunomodulatory effects such as down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Respiratory epithelial cells constitutively express 1α-hydroxylase leading to the local transformation of the inactive 25(OH)-vitamin D to the active 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D. The latter through its autocrine and paracrine functions up-regulates vitamin D dependent genes with important consequences in the local immunity of lungs. Despite the scarcity of direct evidence on the involvement of vitamin D deficiency states in the development of bronchiectasis in either CF or non-CF patients, it is reasonable to postulate that vitamin D may play some role in the pathogenesis of lung diseases and especially bronchiectasis. The potential contribution of vitamin D deficiency in the process of bronchiectasis is of particular clinical importance, taking into consideration the increasing prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide and the significant morbidity of bronchiectasis. Given the well-established association of vitamin D deficiency with increased inflammation, and the indicative evidence for harmful consequences in lungs, it is intriguing to speculate that the administration of vitamin D supplementation could be a reasonable and cost effective supplementary therapeutic approach for children with non-CF bronchiectasis. Regarding CF patients, maybe in the future as more data become available, we have to re-evaluate our policy on the most appropriate dosage scheme for vitamin D.
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11
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Pae M, Wu D. Nutritional modulation of age-related changes in the immune system and risk of infection. Nutr Res 2017; 41:14-35. [PMID: 28577789 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The immune system undergoes some adverse alterations during aging, many of which have been implicated in the increased morbidity and mortality associated with infection in the elderly. In addition to intrinsic changes to the immune system with aging, the elderly are more likely to have poor nutritional status, which further impacts the already impaired immune function. Although the elderly often have low zinc serum levels, several manifestations commonly observed during zinc deficiency are similar to the changes in immune function with aging. In the case of vitamin E, although its deficiency is rare, the intake above recommended levels is shown to enhance immune functions in the elderly and to reduce the risk of acquiring upper respiratory infections in nursing home residents. Vitamin D is a critical vitamin in bone metabolism, and its deficiency is far more common, which has been linked to increased risk of infection as demonstrated in a number of observational studies including those in the elderly. In this review, we focus on zinc, vitamin E, and vitamin D, the 3 nutrients which are relatively well documented for their roles in impacting immune function and infection in the elderly, to discuss the findings in this context reported in both the observational studies and interventional clinical trials. A perspective will be provided based on the analysis of information under review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkyong Pae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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12
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Wu M, Yue M, Huang P, Zhang Y, Xie C, Yu R, Li J, Wang J. Vitamin D level and vitamin D receptor genetic variations contribute to HCV infection susceptibility and chronicity in a Chinese population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 41:146-152. [PMID: 27063396 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) are involved in multiple immune-mediated disorders including chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of this study was to determine the association between plasma vitamin D level, VDR genetic polymorphisms and risk of HCV infection susceptibility and chronicity. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VDR gene were genotyped and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured in a Han Chinese population of 898 HCV persistent infection cases, 558 spontaneous clearance subjects and 1136 uninfected controls with high risk of HCV infection. In this case-control study, the average plasma 25(OH)D level in persistent infection patients was significantly lower than that in spontaneous clearance cases (P=0.039) and controls (P=0.005). Logistic analyses indicated that rs7975232-C, rs2239185-T and rs11574129-T alleles were significantly associated with a decreased risk of HCV infection susceptibility (all PBonferroni<0.05, in additive/dominant models; Ptrend=9.000×10(-4), combined effects in a locus-dosage manner). The protective effects of three favorable alleles were more evident among males, females and subjects aged ≤50years (all P<0.05). Haplotype analyses suggested that compared with the most frequent haplotype Ars7975232Trs731236Crs11574129, CTT was correlated with a reduced risk of HCV infection susceptibility (P=2.200×10(-3)). These findings implied that low vitamin D levels might be associated with an increased risk for HCV infection and chronicity, and favorable VDR variants (rs7975232-C, rs2239185-T and rs11574129-T) might contribute to a decreased susceptibility to HCV infection in a high-risk Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengping Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 818 East Tianyuan Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 818 East Tianyuan Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics, No. 293 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaonan Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 818 East Tianyuan Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongbin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 818 East Tianyuan Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Basic and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, No. 818 East Tianyuan Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Esposito S, Lelii M. Vitamin D and respiratory tract infections in childhood. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:487. [PMID: 26521023 PMCID: PMC4628332 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) remain among of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality among children. Several studies have associated vitamin D deficiency with an increased risk of RTIs, and vitamin D supplementation has been proposed as a possible preventive measure against RTIs in children. The main aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence from the literature about the link between vitamin D and RTIs in children. DISCUSSION Several recent studies have shown that vitamin D has different immunomodulatory properties associated with the risk of RTIs in childhood. In this regard, it is very important to understand the definition of deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D and when and how to treat this condition. Unfortunately, there is no consensus, although a level of at least 10 ng/mL 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25[OH]D) is thought to be necessary to promote bone mineralization and calcium homeostasis, and a concentration between 20 ng/mL and 50 ng/mL is considered adequate to provide an immunomodulatory effect. Available data support a role for vitamin D deficiency in the risk of pediatric tuberculosis, recurrent acute otitis media, and severe bronchiolitis, whereas further studies are needed to confirm an association in children with recurrent pharyngotonsillitis, acute rhinosinusitis and community-acquired pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS Maintenance of adequate vitamin D status may be an effective and inexpensive prophylactic method against some RTIs, but the supplementation regimen has not been clearly defined. Further clinical trials are needed to determine the 25(OH)D concentrations associated with an increased risk of RTIs and optimal vitamin D supplementation regimen according to the type of RTI while also taking into consideration vitamin D receptor polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Mara Lelii
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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