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Ma Y, Cao X, Shi G, Shi T. MiRNA-145 and Its Direct Downstream Targets in Digestive System Cancers: A Promising Therapeutic Target. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2264-2273. [PMID: 33121400 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201029095702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in the onset and development of many diseases, including cancers. Emerging evidence shows that numerous miRNAs have the potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers for cancers, and miRNA-based therapy may be a promising therapy for the treatment of malignant neoplasm. MicroRNA-145 (miR-145) has been considered to play certain roles in various cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, via modulating the expression of direct target genes. Recent reports show that miR-145 participates in the progression of digestive system cancers, and plays crucial and novel roles in cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent knowledge concerning the function of miR-145 and its direct targets in digestive system cancers. We discuss the potential role of miR-145 as a valuable biomarker for digestive system cancers and how miR-145 regulates these digestive system cancers via different targets to explore the potential strategy of targeting miR-145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Xiu Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Guojuan Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Tianlu Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
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2
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Kurley SJ, Tischler V, Bierie B, Novitskiy SV, Noske A, Varga Z, Zürrer-Härdi U, Brandt S, Carnahan RH, Cook RS, Muller WJ, Richmond A, Reynolds AB. A requirement for p120-catenin in the metastasis of invasive ductal breast cancer. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs250639. [PMID: 33097605 PMCID: PMC7990862 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the effects of targeted p120-catenin (encoded by CTNND1; hereafter denoted p120) knockout (KO) in a PyMT mouse model of invasive ductal (mammary) cancer (IDC). Mosaic p120 ablation had little effect on primary tumor growth but caused significant pro-metastatic alterations in the tumor microenvironment, ultimately leading to a marked increase in the number and size of pulmonary metastases. Surprisingly, although early effects of p120-ablation included decreased cell-cell adhesion and increased invasiveness, cells lacking p120 were almost entirely unable to colonized distant metastatic sites in vivo The relevance of this observation to human IDC was established by analysis of a large clinical dataset of 1126 IDCs. As reported by others, p120 downregulation in primary IDC predicted worse overall survival. However, as in the mice, distant metastases were almost invariably p120 positive, even in matched cases where the primary tumors were p120 negative. Collectively, our results demonstrate a strong positive role for p120 (and presumably E-cadherin) during metastatic colonization of distant sites. On the other hand, downregulation of p120 in the primary tumor enhanced metastatic dissemination indirectly via pro-metastatic conditioning of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Kurley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Verena Tischler
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Brian Bierie
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sergey V Novitskiy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Aurelia Noske
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Zsuzsanna Varga
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Ursina Zürrer-Härdi
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Simone Brandt
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - William J Muller
- Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A3, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A OG4, Canada
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Albert B Reynolds
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Li L, Ji S, Shrestha C, Jiang Y, Liao L, Xu F, Liu Z, Bikle DD, Xie Z. p120-catenin suppresses proliferation and tumor growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma via inhibiting nuclear phospholipase C-γ1 signaling. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9399-9413. [PMID: 32356317 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
p120-catenin (p120) serves as a stabilizer of the calcium-dependent cadherin-catenin complex and loss of p120 expression has been observed in several types of human cancers. The p120-dependent E-cadherin-β-catenin complex has been shown to mediate calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation via inducing activation of plasma membrane phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1). On the other hand, PLC-γ1 has been shown to interact with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enhancer in the nucleus and plays a critical role in epidermal growth factor-induced proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. To determine whether p120 suppresses OSCC proliferation and tumor growth via inhibiting PLC-γ1, we examined effects of p120 knockdown or p120 and PLC-γ1 double knockdown on proliferation of cultured OSCC cells and tumor growth in xenograft OSCC in mice. The results showed that knockdown of p120 reduced levels of PLC-γ1 in the plasma membrane and increased levels of PLC-γ1 and its signaling in the nucleus in OSCC cells and OSCC cell proliferation as well as xenograft OSCC tumor growth. However, double knockdown of p120 and PLC-γ1 or knockdown of PLC-γ1 alone did not have any effect. Immunohistochemical analysis of OSCC tissue from patients showed a lower expression level of p120 and a higher expression level of PLC-γ1 compared with that of adjacent noncancerous tissue. These data indicate that p120 suppresses OSCC cell proliferation and tumor growth by inhibiting signaling mediated by nuclear PLC-γ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusha Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shangli Ji
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chandrama Shrestha
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liyan Liao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daniel D Bikle
- Endocrine Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Venhuizen JH, Jacobs FJ, Span PN, Zegers MM. P120 and E-cadherin: Double-edged swords in tumor metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 60:107-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Venhuizen JH, Span PN, van den Dries K, Sommer S, Friedl P, Zegers MM. P120 Catenin Isoforms Differentially Associate with Breast Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101459. [PMID: 31569498 PMCID: PMC6826419 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the endpoint of tumor progression and depends on the ability of tumor cells to locally invade tissue, transit through the bloodstream and ultimately to colonize secondary organs at distant sites. P120 catenin (p120) has been implicated as an important regulator of metastatic dissemination because of its roles in cell–cell junctional stability, cytoskeletal dynamics, growth and survival. However, conflicting roles for p120 in different tumor models and steps of metastasis have been reported, and the understanding of p120 functions is confounded by the differential expression of p120 isoforms, which differ in N-terminal length, tissue localization and, likely, function. Here, we used in silico exon expression analyses, in vitro invasion assays and both RT-PCR and immunofluorescence of human tumors. We show that alternative exon usage favors expression of short isoform p120-3 in 1098 breast tumors and correlates with poor prognosis. P120-3 is upregulated at the invasive front of breast cancer cells migrating as collective groups in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate in histological sections of 54 human breast cancer patients that p120-3 expression is maintained throughout the metastatic cascade, whereas p120-1 is differentially expressed and diminished during invasion and in metastases. These data suggest specific regulation and functions of p120-3 in breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Venhuizen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul N Span
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Koen van den Dries
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sebastian Sommer
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Genomic Centre, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA.
| | - Mirjam M Zegers
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Protein kinase C α enhances migration of breast cancer cells through FOXC2-mediated repression of p120-catenin. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:832. [PMID: 29216867 PMCID: PMC5719564 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, metastasis remains the main cause of death. Since migration of tumor cells is considered a prerequisite for tumor cell invasion and metastasis, a pressing goal in tumor biology has been to elucidate factors regulating their migratory activity. Protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) is a serine-threonine protein kinase implicated in cancer metastasis and associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. In this study, we set out to define the signaling axis mediated by PKCα to promote breast cancer cell migration. Methods Oncomine™ overexpression analysis was used to probe for PRKCA (PKCα) and FOXC2 expression in mRNA datasets. The heat map of PRKCA, FOXC2, and CTNND1 were obtained from the UC Santa Cruz platform. Survival data were obtained by PROGgene and available at http://www.compbio.iupui.edu/proggene. Markers for EMT and adherens junction were assessed by Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Effects of PKCα and FOXC2 on migration and invasion were assessed in vitro by transwell migration and invasion assays respectively. Cellular localization of E-cadherin and p120-catenin was determined by immunofluorescent staining. Promoter activity of p120-catenin was determined by dual luciferase assay using a previously validated p120-catenin reporter construct. Interaction between FOXC2 and p120-catenin promoter was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Results We determined that PKCα expression is necessary to maintain the migratory and invasive phenotype of both endocrine resistant and triple negative breast cancer cell lines. FOXC2 acts as a transcriptional repressor downstream of PKCα, and represses p120-catenin expression. Consequently, loss of p120-catenin leads to destabilization of E-cadherin at the adherens junction. Inhibition of either PKCα or FOXC2 is sufficient to rescue p120-catenin expression and trigger relocalization of p120-catenin and E-cadherin to the cell membrane, resulting in reduced tumor cell migration and invasion. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that breast cancer metastasis may partially be controlled through PKCα/FOXC2-dependent repression of p120-catenin and highlight the potential for PKCα signal transduction networks to be targeted for the treatment of endocrine resistant and triple negative breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3827-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Bartoš V, Kullová M. Investigation of P120catenin Expression in Human Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRALOVE) 2017; 60:32-36. [PMID: 28591550 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND P120(ctn) is a specific membranous adhesion protein, that maintains the stability of intercellular junctions. An altered expression of p120(ctn), either reduced in the cell membrane or increase in the cytoplasm, plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis. No research has analysed the expression of p120(ctn) in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin so far. Therefore, we immunohistochemically studied p120(ctn) in a set of cutaneous BCCs in order to determine, whether there is difference in the expression pattern related to the histologic subtypes and tumor growth characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of 38 BCCs cathegorized into low-risk (non-infiltrative) subroup (8 superficial and 12 nodular subtypes) and high-risk (infiltrative) subgroup (10 nodular-infiltrative and 8 infiltrative subtypes). Specific monoclonal antibody against p120(ctn) was used for staining. RESULTS Overall, there were 12 cases (31.6%) with normal preserved and 26 cases (68.4%) with abnormal p120(ctn) expression. In superficial, nodular, nodular-infiltrative and infiltrative subtypes, abnormal p120(ctn) immunoreactivity was found in 37.5% (3/8), 41.7% (5/12), 100% (10/10) and 100% (8/8), respectively. We have confirmed a strong correlation between the expression of p120(ctn) and both given, non-infiltrative and infiltrative BCC growth phenotypes. In the latter subgroup, almost all lesions showed diffusely reduced membranous staining, of which five also manifested an aberrant immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm. This cytoplasmic positivity occurred solely at the invasive front of the infiltrative tumor formations. CONCLUSION Our results showed that decreased membranous expression of p120(ctn) was a frequent event in human cutaneous BCC and it was associated with infiltrative growth phenotype. Considering that nearly half of the BCCs with non-infiltrative growth pattern also exhibited reduced membranous expression, aberrant cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of p120(ctn), which was found exclusively in the high-risk BCC variants, can more reliably reflect and predict biological behaviour and malignant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Bartoš
- Department of Pathology, Faculty Hospital in Žilina, V. Spanyola 43, Žilina, 012 07, Slovakia.
| | - Milada Kullová
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty Hospital in Žilina, V. Spanyola 43, Žilina, Slovakia
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Kidacki M, Lehman HL, Green MV, Warrick JI, Stairs DB. p120-Catenin Downregulation and PIK3CA Mutations Cooperate to Induce Invasion through MMP1 in HNSCC. Mol Cancer Res 2017. [PMID: 28637905 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent improvements in treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), half of all patients with a regional or advanced disease will die within 5 years from diagnosis. Therefore, identification of mechanisms driving the aggressive behavior of HNSCC is of utmost importance. Because p120-catenin (CTNND1/P120CTN) downregulation and PIK3CA mutations are commonly found in HNSCC, the objective of this study was to identify their impact on fundamental processes of metastasis, specifically, migration and invasion. Furthermore, this study aimed to identify the key effector proteins regulated by P120CTN downregulation and PIK3CA mutations. Studies using oral keratinocytes demonstrated that P120CTN downregulation and PIK3CA mutations increased migration and invasion. In addition, P120CTN downregulation and PIK3CA mutations resulted in elevated matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1) levels. Inhibition of MMP1 resulted in decreased invasion, suggesting that MMP1 plays a critical role in HNSCC invasion. Moreover, analysis of HNSCC patient specimens from The Cancer Genome Atlas confirmed these findings. Tumors with low P120CTN and PI3K pathway mutations have higher levels of MMP1 compared to tumors with high P120CTN and no PI3K pathway mutations. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that P120CTN downregulation and PIK3CA mutations promote MMP1-driven invasion, providing a potential novel target for limiting metastasis in HNSCC.Implications: Because of its role in invasion, MMP1 represents a novel, potential target for limiting metastasis in a subset of HNSCCs with P120CTN downregulation and PIK3CA mutations. Mol Cancer Res; 15(10); 1398-409. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kidacki
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Heather L Lehman
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle V Green
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua I Warrick
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Douglas B Stairs
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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Tenhagen M, Klarenbeek S, Braumuller TM, Hofmann I, van der Groep P, Ter Hoeve N, van der Wall E, Jonkers J, Derksen PWB. p120-Catenin Is Critical for the Development of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma in Mice. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2016; 21:81-88. [PMID: 27411687 PMCID: PMC5159444 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-016-9358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of E-cadherin expression is causal to the development of invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC). E-cadherin loss leads to dismantling of the adherens junction and subsequent translocation of p120-catenin (p120) to the cytosol and nucleus. Although p120 is critical for the metastatic potential of ILC through the regulation of Rock-dependent anoikis resistance, it remains unknown whether p120 also contributes to ILC development. Using genetically engineered mouse models with mammary gland-specific inactivation of E-cadherin, p120 and p53, we demonstrate that ILC formation induced by E-cadherin and p53 loss is severely impaired upon concomitant inactivation of p120. Tumors that developed in the triple-knockout mice were mostly basal sarcomatoid carcinomas that displayed overt nuclear atypia and multinucleation. In line with the strong reduction in ILC incidence in triple-knockout mice compared to E-cadherin and p53 double-knockout mice, no functional redundancy of p120 family members was observed in mouse ILC development, as expression and localization of ARVCF, p0071 or δ-catenin was unaltered in ILCs from triple-knockout mice. In conclusion, we show that loss of p120 in the context of the p53-deficient mouse models is dominant over E-cadherin inactivation and its inactivation promotes the development of basal, epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT)-type invasive mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milou Tenhagen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanya M Braumuller
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Hofmann
- Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra van der Groep
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Natalie Ter Hoeve
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elsken van der Wall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Hong JY, Oh IH, McCrea PD. Phosphorylation and isoform use in p120-catenin during development and tumorigenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:102-14. [PMID: 26477567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
P120-catenin is essential to vertebrate development, modulating cadherin and small-GTPase functions, and growing evidence points also to roles in the nucleus. A complexity in addressing p120-catenin's functions is its many isoforms, including optional splicing events, alternative points of translational initiation, and secondary modifications. In this review, we focus upon how choices in the initiation of protein translation, or the earlier splicing of the RNA transcript, relates to primary sequences that harbor established or putative regulatory phosphorylation sites. While certain p120 phosphorylation events arise via known kinases/phosphatases and have defined outcomes, in most cases the functional consequences are still to be established. In this review, we provide examples of p120-isoforms as they relate to phosphorylation events, and thereby to isoform dependent protein-protein associations and downstream functions. We also provide a view of upstream pathways that determine p120's phosphorylation state, and that have an impact upon development and disease. Because other members of the p120 subfamily undergo similar processing and phosphorylation, as well as related catenins of the plakophilin subfamily, what is learned regarding p120 will by extension have wide relevance in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il-Hoan Oh
- The Catholic University of Korea, Catholic High Performance Cell Therapy Center, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Pierre D McCrea
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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11
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Chen T, Wang C, Wu F, Zhang X, Yang H, Deng X, He Q, Li W, Li G. Altered localization of p120 catenin in the cytoplasm rather than the membrane correlates with poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118645. [PMID: 25785604 PMCID: PMC4364898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND P120 catenin (p120ctn), a regulator of cell adhesion, has previously been found in many malignancies, and suggested a role in invasion, metastasis and survival. The aim of this study was to investigate correlations between altered localization of p120ctn and clinical-pathological characteristics in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Immunohistochemical staining for p120ctn was performed on tissue samples from 118 patients with ESCC. The expression of p120ctn was scored for intensity and cellular localization by Image-pro Plus 6.0. Correlations between immunohistochemical staining of p120ctn and pathological characteristics and clinical prognosis were determined using SPSS 18.0 software. RESULTS Membrane expression of p120ctn in ESCCs was lower than that in adjacentnormal esophageal epithelial tissues (P = 0.041), while overall cellular expression of p120ctn was not different between the two tissue types (P = 0.787). Furthermore, neither overall cellular expression nor localized membrane expression was associated with histological and clinical variables. The high ratio of membrane expression to overall cellular expression (M/C) of p120ctn was inversely associated with lymph node invasion (P = 0.001), tumor differentiation (P = 0.012) and advanced tumor stage (P = 0.005); however, it was poorly associated with T stage (P = 0.274). The high M/C ratio of p120ctn was inversely correlated with poor survival; the 5-year OS (overall survival) and the 5-year DFS (disease free survival) for the high M/C ratio group were significantly higher than those of the low M/C ratio group (41.0% vs. 6.7%, P = 0.000; 44.1% vs. 24.9%, P = 0.007). Both the M/C ratio of p120ctn and N status were independent variables for the prediction of overall survival (P = 0.007 and P = 0.027). The M/C of p120ctn predicted a 0.49-fold risk of ESCC death (p = 0.007, 95% CI 0.29-0.83). CONCLUSIONS The reduced M/C ratio of p120ctn acted as an independent prognostic factor for ESCC patient survival and for the migration and invasive behavior of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Enze Medical Center Luqiao Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (GL); (FW); (XBZ); (WFL)
| | - Xuebang Zhang
- Department of Chemoradiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (GL); (FW); (XBZ); (WFL)
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Chemoradiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xia Deng
- Department of Chemoradiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qiancheng He
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Department of Chemoradiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (GL); (FW); (XBZ); (WFL)
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Chemoradiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (GL); (FW); (XBZ); (WFL)
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12
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Kosi N, Alić I, Kolačević M, Vrsaljko N, Jovanov Milošević N, Sobol M, Philimonenko A, Hozák P, Gajović S, Pochet R, Mitrečić D. Nop2 is expressed during proliferation of neural stem cells and in adult mouse and human brain. Brain Res 2015; 1597:65-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Xing AY, Wang YW, Su ZX, Shi DB, Wang B, Gao P. Catenin-δ1, negatively regulated by miR-145, promotes tumour aggressiveness in gastric cancer. J Pathol 2015; 236:53-64. [PMID: 25470111 DOI: 10.1002/path.4495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the association of catenin-δ1 (CTNND1, p120ctn) with tumour development and progression. However, the mechanism and clinical significance of CTNND1 deregulation in gastric cancer remain unknown. The expression level and cellular localization of CTNND1 were determined by immunohistochemistry in 126 human gastric cancer and 50 non-tumourous tissues. The cellular localization of CTNND1 and epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) were detected by immunofluorescence. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion assays were performed to assess the effect of CTNND1 cDNA or CTNND1 siRNA transfection on gastric cancer cells. Luciferase assay, western blot analysis and in vivo assays were used to determine whether CTNND1 could be regulated by miR-145. The results demonstrate that the cytoplasmic localization of CTNND1 protein, rather than expression level, was indicative of higher clinical stage, positive lymph node metastasis and poorer prognosis in gastric cancers. CTNND1 could promote gastric cancer cell migration and invasion with little effect on cellular proliferation and apoptosis. CTNND1 was proved to be a direct target gene for miR-145. Besides suppressing cytoplasmic CTNND1 expression, miR-145 could recover the membranous localization of CTNND1 and E-cadherin. We conclude that cytoplasmic CTNND1 can serve as an independent prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancers. MiR-145 inhibits invasion of gastric cancer cells not only by down-regulating cytoplasmic CTNND1 expression but also by inducing the translocation of CTNND1 and E-cadherin from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane through down-regulating N-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Yan Xing
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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14
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Markham NO, Doll CA, Dohn MR, Miller RK, Yu H, Coffey RJ, McCrea PD, Gamse JT, Reynolds AB. DIPA-family coiled-coils bind conserved isoform-specific head domain of p120-catenin family: potential roles in hydrocephalus and heterotopia. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2592-603. [PMID: 25009281 PMCID: PMC4148249 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-08-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoform-specific expression of p120 affects cell motility and migration during development and tumor progression. The DIPA coiled-coil protein is a novel binding partner to the conserved isoform 1–specific head domain of p120 family members. Zebrafish data suggest that DIPA is mechanistically linked to p120 isoform–specific function in development. p120-catenin (p120) modulates adherens junction (AJ) dynamics by controlling the stability of classical cadherins. Among all p120 isoforms, p120-3A and p120-1A are the most prevalent. Both stabilize cadherins, but p120-3A is preferred in epithelia, whereas p120-1A takes precedence in neurons, fibroblasts, and macrophages. During epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, E- to N-cadherin switching coincides with p120-3A to -1A alternative splicing. These isoforms differ by a 101–amino acid “head domain” comprising the p120-1A N-terminus. Although its exact role is unknown, the head domain likely mediates developmental and cancer-associated events linked to p120-1A expression (e.g., motility, invasion, metastasis). Here we identified delta-interacting protein A (DIPA) as the first head domain–specific binding partner and candidate mediator of isoform 1A activity. DIPA colocalizes with AJs in a p120-1A- but not 3A-dependent manner. Moreover, all DIPA family members (Ccdc85a, Ccdc85b/DIPA, and Ccdc85c) interact reciprocally with p120 family members (p120, δ-catenin, p0071, and ARVCF), suggesting significant functional overlap. During zebrafish neural tube development, both knockdown and overexpression of DIPA phenocopy N-cadherin mutations, an effect bearing functional ties to a reported mouse hydrocephalus phenotype associated with Ccdc85c. These studies identify a novel, highly conserved interaction between two protein families that may participate either individually or collectively in N-cadherin–mediated development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas O Markham
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Cancer Biology Department, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Caleb A Doll
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Michael R Dohn
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Cancer Biology Department, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Rachel K Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Huapeng Yu
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Cancer Biology Department, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Epithelial Biology Center, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Pierre D McCrea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Joshua T Gamse
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Albert B Reynolds
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Cancer Biology Department, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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15
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Schackmann RCJ, Tenhagen M, van de Ven RAH, Derksen PWB. p120-catenin in cancer - mechanisms, models and opportunities for intervention. J Cell Sci 2014; 126:3515-25. [PMID: 23950111 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.134411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial adherens junction is an E-cadherin-based complex that controls tissue integrity and is stabilized at the plasma membrane by p120-catenin (p120, also known as CTNND1). Mutational and epigenetic inactivation of E-cadherin has been strongly implicated in the development and progression of cancer. In this setting, p120 translocates to the cytosol where it exerts oncogenic properties through aberrant regulation of Rho GTPases, growth factor receptor signaling and derepression of Kaiso (also known as ZBTB33) target genes. In contrast, indirect inactivation of the adherens junction through conditional knockout of p120 in mice was recently linked to tumor formation, indicating that p120 can also function as a tumor suppressor. Supporting these opposing functions are findings in human cancer, which show that either loss or cytoplasmic localization of p120 is a common feature in the progression of several types of carcinoma. Underlying this dual biological phenomenon might be the context-dependent regulation of Rho GTPases in the cytosol and the derepression of Kaiso target genes. Here, we discuss past and present findings that implicate p120 in the regulation of cancer progression and highlight opportunities for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron C J Schackmann
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Stefanatos RK, Bauer C, Vidal M. p120 catenin is required for the stress response in Drosophila. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83942. [PMID: 24349561 PMCID: PMC3861524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
p120ctn is a ubiquitously expressed core component of cadherin junctions and essential for vertebrate development. Surprisingly, Drosophila p120ctn (dp120ctn) is dispensable for adherens junctions and development, which has discouraged Drosophila researchers from further pursuing the biological role of dp120ctn. Here we demonstrate that dp120ctn loss results in increased heat shock sensitivity and reduced animal lifespan, which are completely rescued by ectopic expression of a dp120ctn-GFP transgene. Transcriptomic analysis revealed multiple relish/NF-κB target genes differentially expressed upon loss of dp120ctn. Importantly, this aberrant gene expression was rescued by overexpression of dp120ctn-GFP or heterozygosity for relish. Our results uncover a novel role for dp120ctn in the regulation of animal stress response and immune signalling. This may represent an ancient role of p120ctn and can influence further studies in Drosophila and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhoda K. Stefanatos
- Drosophila Approaches to Cancer Laboratory, The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Christin Bauer
- Drosophila Approaches to Cancer Laboratory, The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Marcos Vidal
- Drosophila Approaches to Cancer Laboratory, The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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17
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Peglion F, Etienne-Manneville S. p120catenin alteration in cancer and its role in tumour invasion. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20130015. [PMID: 24062585 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1989 as a substrate of the Src oncogene, p120catenin has been revealed as an important player in cancer initiation and tumour dissemination. p120catenin regulates a wide range of cellular processes such as cell-cell adhesion, cell polarity and cell proliferation and plays a pivotal role in morphogenesis, inflammation and innate immunity. The pleiotropic effects of p120catenin rely on its interactions with numerous partners such as classical cadherins at the plasma membrane, Rho-GTPases and microtubules in the cytosol and transcriptional modulators in the nucleus. Alterations of p120catenin in cancer not only concern its expression level but also its intracellular localization and can lead to both pro-invasive and anti-invasive effects. This review focuses on the p120catenin-mediated pathways involved in cell migration and invasion and discusses the potential consequences of major cancer-related p120catenin alterations with respect to tumour spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Peglion
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur - CNRS URA 2582, , 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
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18
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Schackmann RCJ, Klarenbeek S, Vlug EJ, Stelloo S, van Amersfoort M, Tenhagen M, Braumuller TM, Vermeulen JF, van der Groep P, Peeters T, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ, Jonkers J, Derksen PWB. Loss of p120-catenin induces metastatic progression of breast cancer by inducing anoikis resistance and augmenting growth factor receptor signaling. Cancer Res 2013; 73:4937-49. [PMID: 23733751 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer remains the chief cause of cancer-related death among women in the Western world. Although loss of cell-cell adhesion is key to breast cancer progression, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that drive tumor invasion and metastasis. Here, we show that somatic loss of p120-catenin (p120) in a conditional mouse model of noninvasive mammary carcinoma results in formation of stromal-dense tumors that resemble human metaplastic breast cancer and metastasize to lungs and lymph nodes. Loss of p120 in anchorage-dependent breast cancer cell lines strongly promoted anoikis resistance through hypersensitization of growth factor receptor (GFR) signaling. Interestingly, p120 deletion also induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines, a feature that likely underlies the formation of the prometastatic microenvironment in p120-negative mammary carcinomas. Our results establish a preclinical platform to develop tailored intervention regimens that target GFR signals to treat p120-negative metastatic breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron C J Schackmann
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, and Division of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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19
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Aparicio LA, Abella V, Valladares M, Figueroa A. Posttranscriptional regulation by RNA-binding proteins during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4463-77. [PMID: 23715860 PMCID: PMC3827902 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), one of the crucial steps for carcinoma cells to acquire invasive capacity, results from the disruption of cell–cell contacts and the acquisition of a motile mesenchymal phenotype. Although the transcriptional events controlling EMT have been extensively studied, in recent years, several posttranscriptional mechanisms have emerged as critical in the regulation of EMT during tumor progression. In this review, we highlight the regulation of posttranscriptional events in EMT by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). RBPs are responsible for controlling pre-mRNA splicing, capping, and polyadenylation, as well as mRNA export, turnover, localization, and translation. We discuss the most relevant aspects of RBPs controlling the metabolism of EMT-related mRNAs, and describe the implication of novel posttranscriptional mechanisms regulating EMT in response to different signaling pathways. Novel insight into posttranscriptional regulation of EMT by RBPs is uncovering new therapeutic targets in cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Aparicio
- Servizo de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
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20
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Expression of P120 catenin, Kaiso, and metastasis tumor antigen-2 in thymomas. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:1871-9. [PMID: 22833212 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymomas of the same histological subtype sometimes manifest different biological behaviors. Metastasis Tumor Antigen-2 (MTA2) is targeted by the transcriptional repressor Kaiso, the distribution which is thought to be modulated by p120catenin (p120ctn). It is currently unclear if expression of p120ctn, Kaiso, and MTA2 relates to the biological behavior of thymoma. P120ctn, Kaiso, and MTA2 expression were examined in 137 cases of thymoma, three cases of thymic carcinoma, and 18 paired autologous normal thymic tissues using immunohistochemistry, and correlation of these proteins with histological subtypes and clinical stages were analyzed. In normal thymic epithelial cells, p120ctn was expressed on the cell membrane but Kaiso and MTA2 were not detected. Membranous p120ctn expression was reduced in thymoma epithelial cells, while ectopic cytoplasmic expression was observed in 76.6 % (105/137) of the cases. Cytoplasmic Kaiso was detected in 69.3 % (95/137) and nuclear MTA2 was detected in 70.8 % (97/137) of the thymomas. There were good consistencies (Kappa = 0.559, 0.512, 0.652; all P < 0.001) and correlations (r = 0.733, 0.652, 0.708; all P < 0.001) between cytoplasmic p120ctn, cytoplasmic Kaiso, and nuclear MTA2 expression in thymomas. All three protein factors correlated with histological type and clinical stage in thymoma (P < 0.05). Specifically, cytoplasmic p120ctn and Kaiso expression and nuclear MTA2 expression were higher in high-risk (types B2 and B3) thymomas and Masaoka stage III/IV thymomas than low-risk (types A, AB, and B1) and stage I/II thymomas (both P < 0.001), respectively. Cytoplasmic p120ctn, cytoplasmic Kaiso, and nuclear MTA2 expression correlated directly with histological type and Masaoka stage and may thus be used as potential biomarkers to predict biological behavior of thymoma.
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Slorach EM, Chou J, Werb Z. Zeppo1 is a novel metastasis promoter that represses E-cadherin expression and regulates p120-catenin isoform expression and localization. Genes Dev 2011; 25:471-84. [PMID: 21317240 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1998111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Amplification of 8p11-12 in human breast cancers is associated with increased proliferation and tumor grade and reduced metastasis-free patient survival. We identified Zeppo1 (zinc finger elbow-related proline domain protein 1) (FLJ14299/ZNF703) within this amplicon as a regulator of cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation in mammary epithelial cells. Overexpression of Zeppo1 reduces cell-cell adhesion and stimulates migration and proliferation. Knockdown of Zeppo1 induces adhesion and lumen formation. Zeppo1 regulates transcription, complexing with Groucho and repressing E-cadherin expression and Wnt and TGFβ reporter expression. Zeppo1 promotes expression of metastasis-associated p120-catenin isoform 1 and alters p120-catenin localization upon cell contact with the extracellular matrix. Significantly, Zeppo1 overexpression in a mouse breast cancer model increases lung metastases, while reducing Zeppo1 expression reduces both tumor size and the number of lung metastases. These results indicate that Zeppo1 is a key regulator of breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan M Slorach
- Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0452, USA
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