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Wu X, Zhou Z, Li K, Liu S. Nanomaterials-Induced Redox Imbalance: Challenged and Opportunities for Nanomaterials in Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308632. [PMID: 38380505 PMCID: PMC11040387 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells typically display redox imbalance compared with normal cells due to increased metabolic rate, accumulated mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated cell signaling, and accelerated peroxisomal activities. This redox imbalance may regulate gene expression, alter protein stability, and modulate existing cellular programs, resulting in inefficient treatment modalities. Therapeutic strategies targeting intra- or extracellular redox states of cancer cells at varying state of progression may trigger programmed cell death if exceeded a certain threshold, enabling therapeutic selectivity and overcoming cancer resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Nanotechnology provides new opportunities for modulating redox state in cancer cells due to their excellent designability and high reactivity. Various nanomaterials are widely researched to enhance highly reactive substances (free radicals) production, disrupt the endogenous antioxidant defense systems, or both. Here, the physiological features of redox imbalance in cancer cells are described and the challenges in modulating redox state in cancer cells are illustrated. Then, nanomaterials that regulate redox imbalance are classified and elaborated upon based on their ability to target redox regulations. Finally, the future perspectives in this field are proposed. It is hoped this review provides guidance for the design of nanomaterials-based approaches involving modulating intra- or extracellular redox states for cancer therapy, especially for cancers resistant to radiotherapy or chemotherapy, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumeng Wu
- School of Life Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150006China
- Zhengzhou Research InstituteHarbin Institute of TechnologyZhengzhou450046China
| | - Ziqi Zhou
- Zhengzhou Research InstituteHarbin Institute of TechnologyZhengzhou450046China
- School of Medicine and HealthHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150006China
| | - Kai Li
- Zhengzhou Research InstituteHarbin Institute of TechnologyZhengzhou450046China
- School of Medicine and HealthHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150006China
| | - Shaoqin Liu
- School of Life Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150006China
- Zhengzhou Research InstituteHarbin Institute of TechnologyZhengzhou450046China
- School of Medicine and HealthHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150006China
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2
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Zirbesegger K, Reyes L, Paolino A, Dapueto R, Arredondo F, Gambini JP, Savio E, Porcal W. Molecular Imaging of Monoamine Oxidase A Expression in Highly Aggressive Prostate Cancer: Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of Positron Emission Tomography Tracers. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1734-1744. [PMID: 37982127 PMCID: PMC10653014 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The role of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) in the aggressiveness of prostate cancer (PCa) has been established in recent years. The molecular imaging of MAO-A expression could offer a noninvasive tool for the visualization and quantification of highly aggressive PCa. This study reports the synthesis and preclinical evaluation of 11C- and 18F-labeled MAO-A inhibitors as positron emission tomography (PET) tracers for proof-of-concept studies in animal models of PCa. Good manufacturing practice production and quality control of these radiotracers using an automated platform was achieved. PET imaging was performed in an LNCaP tumor model with high MAO-A expression. The tumor-to-muscle (T/M) uptake ratio of [11C]harmine (4.5 ± 0.5) was significantly higher than that for 2-[18F]fluoroethyl-harmol (2.3 ± 0.7) and [11C]clorgyline (2.0 ± 0.1). A comparable ex vivo biodistribution pattern in all radiotracers was observed. Furthermore, the tumor uptake of [11C]harmine showed a dramatic reduction (T/M = 1) in a PC3 tumor model with limited MAO-A expression, and radioactivity uptake in LNCaP tumors was blocked in the presence of nonradioactive harmine. Our findings suggest that [11C]harmine may serve as an attractive PET probe for the visualization of MAO-A expression in highly aggressive PCa. These radiotracers have the potential for clinical translation and may aid in the development of personalized therapeutic strategies for PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zirbesegger
- Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular (CUDIM), Ricaldoni 2010, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Programa de Posgrado, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Av. General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Reyes
- Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular (CUDIM), Ricaldoni 2010, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Paolino
- Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular (CUDIM), Ricaldoni 2010, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosina Dapueto
- Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular (CUDIM), Ricaldoni 2010, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Arredondo
- Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular (CUDIM), Ricaldoni 2010, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan P Gambini
- Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular (CUDIM), Ricaldoni 2010, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Savio
- Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular (CUDIM), Ricaldoni 2010, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Williams Porcal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Av. General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
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3
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Vlcek P, Bob P, Vales K. Revisiting monoamine oxidase inhibitors: A potential dual-action therapy for patients with prostate cancer and comorbid depression? J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:1157-1160. [PMID: 37300415 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231179808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Premysl Vlcek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bob
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Vales
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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Jacobs MR, Olivero JE, Ok Choi H, Liao CP, Kashemirov BA, Katz JE, Gross ME, McKenna CE. Synthesis and anti-cancer potential of potent peripheral MAOA inhibitors designed to limit blood:brain penetration. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 92:117425. [PMID: 37544256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOA/MAOB) are enzymes known for their role in neurotransmitter regulation in the central nervous system (CNS). Irreversible and non-selective MAO inhibitors (MAOi's) were the first class of antidepressants, thus subsequent work on drugs such as the selective MAOA inhibitor clorgyline has focussed on selectivity and increased CNS penetration. MAOA is highly expressed in high grade and metastatic prostate cancer with a proposed effect on prostate cancer growth, recurrence, and drug resistance. A Phase II Clinical Trial has demonstrated the therapeutic effects of the irreversible nonselective MAOi phenelzine for prostate cancer. However, neurologic adverse effects led to early withdrawal in 25% of the enrolled patient-population. In this work, we revised the clorgyline scaffold with the goal of decreasing CNS penetration to minimize CNS-related side effects while retaining or enhancing MAOA inhibition potency and selectivity. Using the known co-crystal structure of clorgyline bound with FAD co-factor in the hMAOA active site as a reference, we designed and synthesized a series of compounds predicted to have lower CNS penetration (logBB). All synthesized derivatives displayed favorable drug-like characteristics such as predicted Caco-2 permeability and human oral absorption, and exhibited highly selective hMAOA binding interactions. Introduction of an HBD group (NH2 or OH) at position 5 of the phenyl ring clorgyline resulted in 3x more potent hMAOA inhibition with equivalent or better hMAOB selectivity, and similar prostate cancer cell cytotoxicity. In contrast, introduction of larger substituents at this position or at the terminal amine significantly reduced the hMAOA inhibition potency, attributed in part to a steric clash within the binding pocket of the MAOA active site. Replacement of the N-methyl group by a more polar, but larger 2-hydroxyethyl group did not enhance potency. However, introduction of a polar 2-hydroxy in the propyl chain retained the highly selective MAOA inhibition and cancer cell cytotoxicity of clorgyline while reducing its CNS score from 2 to 0. We believe that these results identify a new class of peripherally directed MAOIs that may allow safer therapeutic targeting of MAOA for a variety of anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela R Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Olivero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Hyun Ok Choi
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA.
| | - Chun-Peng Liao
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA.
| | - Boris A Kashemirov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Jonathan E Katz
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Mitchell E Gross
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Charles E McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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5
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Nordio G, Piazzola F, Cozza G, Rossetto M, Cervelli M, Minarini A, Basagni F, Tassinari E, Dalla Via L, Milelli A, Di Paolo ML. From Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition to Antiproliferative Activity: New Biological Perspectives for Polyamine Analogs. Molecules 2023; 28:6329. [PMID: 37687158 PMCID: PMC10490032 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are well-known pharmacological targets in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. However, recent studies have revealed a new role for MAOs in certain types of cancer such as glioblastoma and prostate cancer, in which they have been found overexpressed. This finding is opening new frontiers for MAO inhibitors as potential antiproliferative agents. In light of our previous studies demonstrating how a polyamine scaffold can act as MAO inhibitor, our aim was to search for novel analogs with greater inhibitory potency for human MAOs and possibly with antiproliferative activity. A small in-house library of polyamine analogs (2-7) was selected to investigate the effect of constrained linkers between the inner amine functions of a polyamine backbone on the inhibitory potency. Compounds 4 and 5, characterized by a dianiline (4) or dianilide (5) moiety, emerged as the most potent, reversible, and mainly competitive MAO inhibitors (Ki < 1 μM). Additionally, they exhibited a high antiproliferative activity in the LN-229 human glioblastoma cell line (GI50 < 1 μM). The scaffold of compound 5 could represent a potential starting point for future development of anticancer agents endowed with MAO inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Nordio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.N.); (F.P.); (L.D.V.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazzola
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.N.); (F.P.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Giorgio Cozza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Monica Rossetto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Manuela Cervelli
- Department of Science, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Minarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Filippo Basagni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Elisa Tassinari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.N.); (F.P.); (L.D.V.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Milelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Maria Luisa Di Paolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (M.R.)
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6
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Kim EK, Koo JS. Expression of Amine Oxidase Proteins in Adrenal Cortical Neoplasm and Pheochromocytoma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1896. [PMID: 37509535 PMCID: PMC10376964 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We delved into the expression of amine oxidase family proteins and their potential significance in adrenal gland neoplasm. Tissue microarrays were prepared for 132 cases of adrenal cortical neoplasm (ACN) consisting of 115 cases of adrenal cortical adenoma (ACA), 17 cases of adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC), and 163 cases of pheochromocytoma (PCC). Immunohistochemical stainings for MAOA, MAOB, LOX, and AOC3 were performed to evaluate the H-scores and compare them with clinicopathological parameters. The H-scores of MAOA (T; p = 0.005) and MAOB (T; p = 0.006) in tumor cells (T) were high in ACN, whereas LOX (T, S; p < 0.001) in tumor and stromal cells (S) and AOC3 (T; p < 0.001) were higher in PCC. In stromal cells, MAOA (S; p < 0.001) and AOC3 (S; p = 0.010) were more expressed in ACA than in ACC. MAOB (S) in PCC showed higher H-scores when the grading of adrenal pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (GAPP) score was 3 or higher (p = 0.027). In the univariate analysis, low MAOA expression in stromal cells of ACN was associated with shorter overall survival (p = 0.008). In conclusion, monoamine oxidase proteins revealed differences in expression between ACN and PCC and also between benign and malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10444, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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7
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Cui Q, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Chen C. The tumor-nerve circuit in breast cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:543-574. [PMID: 36997828 PMCID: PMC10349033 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that innervation is one of the updated hallmarks of cancer and that psychological stress promotes the initiation and progression of cancer. The breast tumor environment includes not only fibroblasts, adipocytes, endothelial cells, and lymphocytes but also neurons, which is increasingly discovered important in breast cancer progression. Peripheral nerves, especially sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves, have been reported to play important but different roles in breast cancer. However, their roles in the breast cancer progression and treatment are still controversial. In addition, the brain is one of the favorite sites of breast cancer metastasis. In this review, we first summarize the innervation of breast cancer and its mechanism in regulating cancer growth and metastasis. Next, we summarize the neural-related molecular markers in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. In addition, we review drugs and emerging technologies used to block the interactions between nerves and breast cancer. Finally, we discuss future research directions in this field. In conclusion, the further research in breast cancer and its interactions with innervated neurons or neurotransmitters is promising in the clinical management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Cui
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University Science & Technology of China, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Dewei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yuanqi Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University Science & Technology of China, Zhanjiang, 524000, China.
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China.
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8
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Han H, Li H, Ma Y, Zhao Z, An Q, Zhao J, Shi C. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA): A promising target for prostate cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2023; 563:216188. [PMID: 37076041 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of monoamine neurotransmitters and dietary amines. Previous studies have shown that MAOA is clinically associated with prostate cancer (PCa) progression and plays a key role in almost each stage of PCa, including castrate-resistant prostate cancer, neuroendocrine prostate cancer, metastasis, drug resistance, stemness, and perineural invasion. Moreover, MAOA expression is upregulated not only in cancer cells but also in stromal cells, intratumoral T cells, and tumor-associated macrophages; thus, targeting MAOA can be a multi-pronged approach to disrupt tumor promoting interactions between PCa cells and tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, targeting MAOA can disrupt the crosstalk between MAOA and the androgen receptor (AR) to restore enzalutamide sensitivity, blocks glucocorticoid receptor (GR)- and AR-dependent PCa cell growth, and is a potential strategy for immune checkpoint inhibition, thereby alleviating immune suppression and enhancing T cell immunity-based cancer immunotherapy. MAOA is a promising target for PCa therapy, which deserves further exploration in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Han
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Yan'an University, 580 Bao-Ta Street, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Hui Li
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Yan'an University, 580 Bao-Ta Street, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Yifan Ma
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Zhite Zhao
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Qingling An
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jumei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Yan'an University, 580 Bao-Ta Street, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China.
| | - Changhong Shi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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Janikowska G, Janikowski T, Plato M, Mazurek U, Orchel J, Opiłka M, Lorenc Z. Histaminergic System and Inflammation-Related Genes in Normal Large Intestine and Adenocarcinoma Tissues: Transcriptional Profiles and Relations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054913. [PMID: 36902343 PMCID: PMC10002554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional analyses such as microarray data have contributed to the progress in the diagnostics and therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC). The need for such research is still present because of the disease being common in both men and women with a high second position in cancer rankings. Little is known about the relations between the histaminergic system and inflammation in the large intestine and CRC. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of genes related to the histaminergic system and inflammation in the CRC tissues at three cancer development designs: all tested CRC samples, low (LCS) and high (HCS) clinical stage, and four clinical stages (CSI-CSIV), to the control. The research was carried out at the transcriptomic level, analysing hundreds of mRNAs from microarrays, as well as carrying out RT-PCR analysis of histaminergic receptors. The following histaminergic mRNAs: GNA15, MAOA, WASF2A, and inflammation-related: AEBP1, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL8, SPHK1, TNFAIP6, were distinguished. Among all analysed transcripts, AEBP1 can be considered the most promising diagnostic marker in the early stage of CRC. The results showed 59 correlations between differentiating genes of the histaminergic system and inflammation in the control, control and CRC, and CRC. The tests confirmed the presence of all histamine receptor transcripts in both the control and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Significant differences in expression were stated for HRH2 and HRH3 in the advanced stages of CRC adenocarcinoma. The relations between the histaminergic system and inflammation-linked genes in both the control and the CRC have been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Janikowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4 Street, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Tomasz Janikowski
- Silesian College of Medicine in Katowice, Mickiewicza 29 Street, 40-085 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Plato
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8 Street, 41-206 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Urszula Mazurek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8 Street, 41-206 Sosnowiec, Poland
- The Karol Godula Upper Silesian Academy of Entrepreneurship in Chorzów, Racławicka 23 Street, 41-506 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Joanna Orchel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8 Street, 41-206 Sosnowiec, Poland
- Katalyst Laboratories, London W1D 3QL, UK
| | - Mieszko Opiłka
- Clinical Department of General, Colorectal and Multiple Organ Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 1 Square, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Lorenc
- Clinical Department of General, Colorectal and Multiple Organ Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 1 Square, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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10
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Chen CH, Wu BJ. Monoamine oxidase A: An emerging therapeutic target in prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1137050. [PMID: 36860320 PMCID: PMC9968829 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1137050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), a mitochondrial enzyme degrading biogenic and dietary amines, has been studied in the contexts of neuropsychiatry and neurological disorders for decades, but its importance in oncology, as best exemplified in prostate cancer (PC) to date, was only realized recently. PC is the most commonly diagnosed non-skin cancer and the second deadliest malignancy for men in the United States. In PC, the increased expression level of MAOA is correlated with dedifferentiated tissue microarchitecture and a worse prognosis. A wealth of literature has demonstrated that MAOA promotes growth, metastasis, stemness and therapy resistance in PC, mainly by increasing oxidative stress, augmenting hypoxia, inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and activating the downstream principal transcription factor Twist1-dictated multiple context-dependent signaling cascades. Cancer-cell-derived MAOA also enables cancer-stromal cell interaction involving bone stromal cells and nerve cells by secretion of Hedgehog and class 3 semaphorin molecules respectively to modulate the tumor microenvironment in favor of invasion and metastasis. Further, MAOA in prostate stromal cells promotes PC tumorigenesis and stemness. Current studies suggest that MAOA functions in PC in both cell autonomous and non-autonomous manners. Importantly, clinically available monoamine oxidase inhibitors have shown promising results against PC in preclinical models and clinical trials, providing a great opportunity to repurpose them as a PC therapy. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of MAOA roles and mechanisms in PC, present several MAOA-targeted strategies that have been nominated for treating PC, and discuss the unknowns of MAOA function and targeting in PC for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Boyang Jason Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
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11
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Badawy AB. Tryptophan metabolism and disposition in cancer biology and immunotherapy. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20221682. [PMID: 36286592 PMCID: PMC9653095 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumours utilise tryptophan (Trp) and its metabolites to promote their growth and evade host defences. They recruit Trp through up-regulation of Trp transporters, and up-regulate key enzymes of Trp degradation and down-regulate others. Thus, Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), IDO2, N'-formylkynurenine formamidase (FAMID) and Kyn aminotransferase 1 (KAT1) are all up-regulated in many cancer types, whereas Kyn monooxygenase (KMO), kynureninase (KYNU), 2-amino-3-carboxymuconic acid-6-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) and quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) are up-regulated in a few, but down-regulated in many, cancers. This results in accumulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand kynurenic acid and in depriving the host of NAD+ by blocking its synthesis from quinolinic acid. The host loses more NAD+ by up-regulation of the NAD+-consuming poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and the protein acetylaters SIRTs. The nicotinamide arising from PARP and SIRT activation can be recycled in tumours to NAD+ by the up-regulated key enzymes of the salvage pathway. Up-regulation of the Trp transporters SLC1A5 and SLC7A5 is associated mostly with that of TDO2 = FAMID > KAT1 > IDO2 > IDO1. Tumours down-regulate enzymes of serotonin synthesis, thereby removing competition for Trp from the serotonin pathway. Strategies for combating tumoral immune escape could involve inhibition of Trp transport into tumours, inhibition of TDO and IDOs, inhibition of FAMID, inhibition of KAT and KYNU, inhibition of NMPRT and NMNAT, inhibition of the AhR, IL-4I1, PARPs and SIRTs, and by decreasing plasma free Trp availability to tumours by albumin infusion or antilipolytic agents and inhibition of glucocorticoid induction of TDO by glucocorticoid antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla A.-B. Badawy
- Formerly School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Western Avenue, Cardiff CF5 2YB, Wales, U.K
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12
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Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel MAO-A Inhibitors Targeting Lung Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092887. [PMID: 35566238 PMCID: PMC9103226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Monoamine Oxidase-A (MAO-A) enzyme mediates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that trigger DNA damage and oxidative injury of cells resulting in tumor initiation and progression. Available MAO-A inhibitors are used as antidepressants, however, their role as anticancer agents is still under investigation. Ligand- and structure-based drug design approaches guided the discovery and development of novel MAO-A inhibitors. A series of 1H indole-2-carboxamide derivatives was prepared and characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and IR. The antiproliferative effects of MAO-A inhibitors were evaluated using the cell viability assay (MTT), and MAO-A activity was evaluated using MAO-A activity assay. The presumed inhibitors significantly inhibited the growth of lung cell lines in a dose- and time dependent manner. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of MAO-A inhibitors (S1, S2, S4, S7, and S10) were 33.37, 146.1, 208.99, 307.7, and 147.2 µM, respectively, in A549. Glide docking against MAO-A showed that the derivatives accommodate MAO-A binding cleft and engage with key binding residues. MAO-A inhibitors provide significant and consistent evidence on MAO-A activity in lung cancer and present a potential target for the development of new chemotherapeutic agents.
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13
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Püschel J, Dubrovska A, Gorodetska I. The Multifaceted Role of Aldehyde Dehydrogenases in Prostate Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4703. [PMID: 34572930 PMCID: PMC8472046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the only tumor cells possessing self-renewal and differentiation properties, making them an engine of tumor progression and a source of tumor regrowth after treatment. Conventional therapies eliminate most non-CSCs, while CSCs often remain radiation and drug resistant, leading to tumor relapse and metastases. Thus, targeting CSCs might be a powerful tool to overcome tumor resistance and increase the efficiency of current cancer treatment strategies. The identification and isolation of the CSC population based on its high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDH) is widely accepted for prostate cancer (PCa) and many other solid tumors. In PCa, several ALDH genes contribute to the ALDH activity, which can be measured in the enzymatic assay by converting 4, 4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) aminoacetaldehyde (BAAA) into the fluorescent product BODIPY-aminoacetate (BAA). Although each ALDH isoform plays an individual role in PCa biology, their mutual functional interplay also contributes to PCa progression. Thus, ALDH proteins are markers and functional regulators of CSC properties, representing an attractive target for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the current state of research regarding the role of individual ALDH isoforms in PCa development and progression, their possible therapeutic targeting, and provide an outlook for the future advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Püschel
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ielizaveta Gorodetska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
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14
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Ghosh S, Dutta N, Banerjee P, Gajbhiye RL, Sareng HR, Kapse P, Pal S, Burdelya L, Mandal NC, Ravichandiran V, Bhattacharjee A, Kundu GC, Gudkov AV, Pal M. Induction of monoamine oxidase A-mediated oxidative stress and impairment of NRF2-antioxidant defence response by polyphenol-rich fraction of Bergenia ligulata sensitizes prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:136-151. [PMID: 34097996 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in men. Available therapies yield limited outcome. We explored anti-PCa activity in a polyphenol-rich fraction of Bergenia ligulata (PFBL), a plant used in Indian traditional and folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic properties. PFBL constituted of about fifteen different compounds as per LCMS analysis induced apoptotic death in both androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-refractory PC3 and DU145 cells with little effect on NKE and WI38 cells. Further investigation revealed that PFBL mediates its function through upregulating ROS production by enhanced catalytic activity of Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). Notably, the differential inactivation of NRF2-antioxidant response pathway by PFBL resulted in death in PC3 versus NKE cells involving GSK-3β activity facilitated by AKT inhibition. PFBL efficiently reduced the PC3-tumor xenograft in NOD-SCID mice alone and in synergy with Paclitaxel. Tumor tissues in PFBL-treated mice showed upregulation of similar mechanism of cell death as observed in isolated PC3 cells i.e., elevation of MAO-A catalytic activity, ROS production accompanied by activation of β-TrCP-GSK-3β axis of NRF2 degradation. Blood counts, liver, and splenocyte sensitivity analyses justified the PFBL safety in the healthy mice. To our knowledge this is the first report of an activity that crippled NRF2 activation both in vitro and in vivo in response to MAO-A activation. Results of this study suggest the development of a novel treatment protocol utilizing PFBL to improve therapeutic outcome for patients with aggressive PCa which claims hundreds of thousands of lives each year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvranil Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Naibedya Dutta
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Pinaki Banerjee
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Center for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Rahul L Gajbhiye
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, India
| | | | - Prachi Kapse
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Center for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Srabani Pal
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lyudmila Burdelya
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Velyutham Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, India; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, India
| | | | - Gopal C Kundu
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Center for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India.
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15
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Genetic and Proteinic Linkage of MAO and COMT with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Cancers of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133268. [PMID: 34209963 PMCID: PMC8268107 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The prevention and treatment of cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx are currently important issues for national health. Currently, the incidence of oral cavity and pharynx cancers is globally the highest in Taiwanese men. Regarding the occurrence of oral cavity and pharynx cancers and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), no report has ascertained how betel quid (BQ) can induce the expression of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). We aimed to explore the role and clinical significance of specific markers of BQ exposure and human susceptibility to MAO and COMT. Our findings highlight the association of MAO and COMT biomarkers to risks of oral and pharyngeal cancers and OPMD. These novel findings will provide important strategies for disease prevention, early clinical diagnosis, and treatment effectiveness, and will offer a strong foundation to reduce BQ-related cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx and OPMD. Abstract Betel quid (BQ), a group I human carcinogen, strongly contributes to an increased risk of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx. This study was conducted to discover whether monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) variants play a potential role in the risk assessment of oral cavity and pharynx cancers and OPMD, particularly among BQ users. We applied a case–control study to confirm the polymorphism of MAO and COMT using single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We used qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine MAO and COMT expression. Carriers of the MAOA rs6323 G-allele, MAOB rs6324 G-allele, and COMT rs4633 C/C-genotype had a prominently increased risk of oral cavity and pharynx cancers (AOR = 56.99; p < 0.001). Compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues, a significant downregulation of MAO and COMT expression was exhibited in cancerous tissues (p < 0.01). Furthermore, in different cell models, MAO and COMT expression was significantly downregulated with an increased dose of arecoline (p < 0.01). In personalized preventive medicine for oral and pharyngeal cancers, our findings are the first to demonstrate the potential role of lower MAO and COMT expression levels, with the risk polymorphisms utilized as clinical biomarkers.
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Wei J, Yin L, Li J, Wang J, Pu T, Duan P, Lin TP, Gao AC, Wu BJ. Bidirectional Cross-talk between MAOA and AR Promotes Hormone-Dependent and Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4275-4289. [PMID: 34167949 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is the primary oncogenic driver of prostate cancer, including aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The molecular mechanisms controlling AR activation in general and AR reactivation in CRPC remain elusive. Here we report that monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), a mitochondrial enzyme that degrades monoamine neurotransmitters and dietary amines, reciprocally interacts with AR in prostate cancer. MAOA was induced by androgens through direct AR binding to a novel intronic androgen response element of the MAOA gene, which in turn promoted AR transcriptional activity via upregulation of Shh/Gli-YAP1 signaling to enhance nuclear YAP1-AR interactions. Silencing MAOA suppressed AR-mediated prostate cancer development and growth, including CRPC, in mice. MAOA expression was elevated and positively associated with AR and YAP1 in human CRPC. Finally, genetic or pharmacologic targeting of MAOA enhanced the growth-inhibition efficacy of enzalutamide, darolutamide, and apalutamide in both androgen-dependent and CRPC cells. Collectively, these findings identify and characterize an MAOA-AR reciprocal regulatory circuit with coamplified effects in prostate cancer. Moreover, they suggest that cotargeting this complex may be a viable therapeutic strategy to treat prostate cancer and CRPC. SIGNIFICANCE: MAOA and AR comprise a positive feedback loop in androgen-dependent and CRPC, providing a mechanistic rationale for combining MAOA inhibition with AR-targeted therapies for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Tianjie Pu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Peng Duan
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tzu-Ping Lin
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Allen C Gao
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Boyang Jason Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington.
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17
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Yin L, Li J, Wang J, Pu T, Wei J, Li Q, Wu BJ. MAOA promotes prostate cancer cell perineural invasion through SEMA3C/PlexinA2/NRP1-cMET signaling. Oncogene 2021; 40:1362-1374. [PMID: 33420365 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI), a pathologic feature defined as cancer cell invasion in, around, and through nerves, is an indicator of poor prognosis and survival in prostate cancer (PC). Despite widespread recognition of the clinical significance of PNI, the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we report that monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is a clinically and functionally important mediator of PNI in PC. MAOA promotes PNI of PC cells in vitro and tumor innervation in an orthotopic xenograft model. Mechanistically, MAOA activates SEMA3C in a Twist1-dependent transcriptional manner, which in turn stimulates cMET to facilitate PNI via autocrine or paracrine interaction with coactivated PlexinA2 and NRP1. Furthermore, MAOA inhibitor treatment effectively reduces PNI of PC cells in vitro and tumor-infiltrating nerve fiber density along with suppressed xenograft tumor growth and progression in mice. Collectively, these findings characterize the contribution of MAOA to the pathogenesis of PNI and provide a rationale for using MAOA inhibitors as a targeted treatment for PNI in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yin
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA.,Laboratory of Regeneromics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Tianjie Pu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Qinlong Li
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Boyang Jason Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA.
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18
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Meenu M, Verma VK, Seth A, Sahoo RK, Gupta P, Arya DS. Association of Monoamine Oxidase A with Tumor Burden and Castration Resistance in Prostate Cancer. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2020; 93:100610. [PMID: 33245296 PMCID: PMC7674122 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2020.100610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic burden and aggressive behavior determine severity stratification and guide treatment decisions in prostate cancer (PCa). Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) may promote tumor burden and drug/castration resistance in PCa. A positive association will pave the way for MAOA inhibitors such as moclobemide for PCa therapy. OBJECTIVE To analyze MAOA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells qualitatively and p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, nuclear factor kappa B, and their phosphorylated forms, vascular endothelial growth factor (angiogenesis), transforming growth factor beta, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (cytokines), Bcl-2 associated X, B-cell lymphoma 2, and P53 (apoptosis), prostate-specific membrane antigen, and epithelial cell adhesion molecules (surface markers) in plasma of patients with PCa. METHODS This was a 1-year pilot study in which patients with PCa were recruited and stratified into 2 groups and subgroups: treatment-naive with (M1) (n = 23) or without (M0) (n = 23) bone metastasis; hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (n = 26) or hormone/castration-resistant prostate cancer (n = 26). MAOA was detected using ELISA and other proteins were detected using immunoblotting technique. RESULTS MAOA was detected in 8.6% of M0 compared with 30.4% of M1 patients, and in 7.7% of hormone-sensitive compared with 27% of hormone/castration resistant PCa patients, associating it with bone metastasis and castration resistance. Multivariable regression analysis showed a correlation of MAOA with serum prostate-specific antigen, a marker for progression in PCa (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.30; P < 0.01). In patients with positive MAOA, there was overexpression of p38, phosphorylated-p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases, nuclear factor kappa B, phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B, transforming growth factor beta, vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, Bcl-2 associated X, B-cell lymphoma 2, prostate-specific membrane antigen, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule in M1 compared with M0 group patients, associating these proteins with tumor burden. Overexpression of Bcl-2 associated X, tumor protein 53, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, nuclear factor kappa B, transforming growth factor beta, vascular endothelial growth factor, and prostate-specific membrane antigen and underexpression of B-cell lymphoma 2 and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B were observed in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer compared with hormone/castration-resistant prostate cancer, associating these proteins with castration resistance. CONCLUSIONS Association of key molecules of oncogenesis and metastasis with MAOA suggests that MAOA inhibitors such as moclobemide might be effective in the management of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Meenu
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amlesh Seth
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharamvir Singh Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Yang X, Zhao D, Li Y, Li Y, Cui W, Li Y, Li H, Li X, Wang D. Potential monoamine oxidase A inhibitor suppressing paclitaxel-resistant non-small cell lung cancer metastasis and growth. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:2858-2866. [PMID: 32875729 PMCID: PMC7529581 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High expression of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the development of clinicopathological features of NSCLC. Nevertheless, the role of MAOA in drug resistance still remains unclear. Hence, the aim of this article was to evaluate a previously synthesized MAOA inhibitor (G11) on inhibiting paclitaxel-resistant NSCLC metastasis and growth. METHODS First, MAOA expression level was evaluated in several NSCLC cell lines. An MTT assay was used to validate the inhibitory effect of G11 on NSCLC cells in vitro. Second, gene expression in G11-treated H460/PTX cells was analyzed by microarray gene expression. Third, transwell assay was performed to assess the invasion and metastasis of G11-treated A549/PTX and H460/PTX cells and western blot assay used to analyze vital protein expression level in G11-treated H460/PTX cells. Finally, the antimetastatic effect of G11 was tested in an NSCLC in vivo model. RESULTS Our data revealed that G11 significantly inhibited the viability of paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant NSCLC cell lines (A549/PTX and H460/PTX). G11 dramatically reduced the expression of MAOA in A549/PTX and H460/PTX cells, which exhibited relatively high MAOA expression levels. Additionally, G11 was found to hinder A549/PTX and H460/PTX cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, the in vivo study indicated that the coadministration of G11 and paclitaxel significantly suppressed tumor metastasis in H460/PTX lung metastasis models. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated G11 showed a moderate inhibitory effect on paclitaxel-resistant NSCLC metastasis and growth, and support further investigation on MAOA potentially as a promising therapeutic target for paclitaxel-resistant NSCLC treatment. KEY POINTS SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: Inhibition of MAOA might contribute to the suppression of metastasis and growth in PTX-resistant NSCLC cells. What this study adds This study explored the potential function of MAOA in drug-resistant NSCLC and might consider MAOA as a promising target for the treatment of drug-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical EngineeringShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Dongxue Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical EngineeringShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yanfeng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical EngineeringShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yanyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical EngineeringShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of pharmacology, School of Life Science and BiopharmaceuticalShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of pharmacology, School of Life Science and BiopharmaceuticalShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Han Li
- Department of pharmacology, School of Life Science and BiopharmaceuticalShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of pharmacology, School of Life Science and BiopharmaceuticalShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Dun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical EngineeringShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina
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20
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The MAO inhibitors phenelzine and clorgyline revert enzalutamide resistance in castration resistant prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2689. [PMID: 32483206 PMCID: PMC7264333 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiandrogen enzalutamide (Enz) has improved survival in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. However, most patients eventually develop Enz resistance that may involve inducing the androgen receptor (AR) splicing variant 7 (ARv7). Here we report that high expression of monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) is associated with positive ARv7 detection in CRPC patients following Enz treatment. Targeting MAO-A with phenelzine or clorgyline, the FDA-approved drugs for antidepression, resensitize the Enz resistant (EnzR) cells to Enz treatment and further suppress EnzR cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that Enz-increased ARv7 expression can transcriptionally enhance MAO-A expression resulting in Enz resistance via altering the hypoxia HIF-1α signals. Together, our results show that targeting the Enz/ARv7/MAO-A signaling with the antidepressants phenelzine or clorgyline can restore Enz sensitivity to suppress EnzR cell growth, which may indicate that these antidepression drugs can overcome the Enz resistance to further suppress the EnzR CRPC. Castration resistant prostate cancer patients treated with enzalutamide may develop resistance to the drug. Here, the authors report that monoamine oxidase-A expression is increased in these resistant tumors and that the antidepressants phenelzine/clorgyline can reverse such resistance to further suppress tumor growth
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21
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The Antiproliferative Effects of Flavonoid MAO Inhibitors on Prostate Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092257. [PMID: 32403270 PMCID: PMC7249060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) patients commonly experience clinical depression. Recent reports indicated that monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) levels elevate in PCa, and antidepressant MAO-Is show anti-PCa properties. In this work, we aimed to find potential drugs for PCa patients suffering from depression by establishing novel anti-PCa reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitors (MAO-AIs/RIMA); with an endeavor to understand their mechanism of action. In this investigation, twenty synthesized flavonoid derivatives, defined as KKR compounds were screened for their inhibitory potentials against human MAO-A and MAO-B isozymes. Meanwhile, the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects were determined in three human PCa cell lines. MAO-A-kinetics, molecular docking, SAR, cell morphology, and cell migration were investigated for the most potent compounds. The screened KKRs inhibited MAO-A more potently than MAO-B, and non-toxically inhibited LNCaP cell proliferation more than the DU145 and PC3 cell lines, respectively. The results showed that the three top MAO-AI KKRs compounds (KKR11, KKR20, and KKR7 (IC50s 0.02-16 μM) overlapped with the top six antiproliferative KKRs against LNCaP (IC50s ~9.4 μM). While KKR21 (MAO-AI) and KKR2A (MAO-I) were ineffective against the PCa cells. Furthermore, KKR21 and KKR11 inhibited MAO-A competitively (Kis ≤ 7.4 nM). Molecular docking of the two compounds predicted shared hydrophobic and distinctive hydrophilic interactions-between the KKR molecule and MAO-A amino acid residues-to be responsible for their reversibility. The combined results and SAR observations indicated that the presence of specific active groups-such as chlorine and hydroxyl groups-are essential in certain MAO-AIs with anti-PCa effects. Additionally, MAO-A inhibition was found to be associated more with anti-PCa property than MAO-B. Distinctively, KKR11 [(E)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one] exhibited anti-metastatic effects on the DU145 cell line. The chlorine substitution groups might play vital roles in the KKR11 multiple actions. The obtained results indicated that the flavonoid derivative KKR11 could present a novel candidate for PCa patients with depression, through safe non-selective potent inhibition of MAOs.
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MAOA-mediated reprogramming of stromal fibroblasts promotes prostate tumorigenesis and cancer stemness. Oncogene 2020; 39:3305-3321. [PMID: 32066880 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in prostate cancer (PC) development and progression. Inappropriate activation of the stroma potentiates the growth and transformation of epithelial tumor cells. Here, we show that upregulation of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), a mitochondrial enzyme that degrades monoamine neurotransmitters and dietary amines, in stromal cells elevates production of reactive oxygen species, triggers an inflammatory response including activation of IL-6, and promotes tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, MAOA enhances IL-6 transcription through direct Twist1 binding to a conserved E-box element at the IL-6 promoter. MAOA in stromal fibroblasts provides tumor cell growth advantages through paracrine IL-6/STAT3 signaling. Tissue microarray analysis revealed co-expression correlations between individual pairs of proteins of the stromal MAOA-induced Twist1/IL-6/STAT3 pathway in clinical specimens. Downstream of stromal MAOA, STAT3 also promotes cell stemness and transcriptionally activates expression of cancer stem cell marker CD44 in PC cells. MAOA inhibitor treatment effectively suppressed prostate tumor growth in mice in a stroma-specific targeted manner. Collectively, these findings characterize the contribution of MAOA to stromal activation in PC pathogenesis and provide a rationale for targeting MAOA in stromal cells to treat PC.
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Shetnev A, Shlenev R, Efimova J, Ivanovskii S, Tarasov A, Petzer A, Petzer JP. 1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-ylbenzenesulfonamides as privileged structures for the inhibition of monoamine oxidase B. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126677. [PMID: 31537422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition properties of a series of ten 5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylbenzenesulfonamides. The target compounds were synthesized by dehydration of the corresponding N,N'-diacylhydrazines with phosphorus oxychloride to yield the 1,3,4-oxadiazole cycle with concomitant transformation of the sulfonamide to the sulfonyl chloride group. Treatment with aqueous ammonia in acetonitrile regenerated the target sulfonamides. The results of the enzymology document that these compounds are potent and specific MAO-B inhibitors with the most potent compound exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.0027 µM. An analysis of the structure-activity relationships shows that the 4-benzenesulfonamides are significantly more potent MAO-B inhibitors than the corresponding 3-benzenesulfonamides, and that the corresponding N,N'-diacylhydrazine synthetic precursors are weak MAO inhibitors. Although MAO inhibition by oxadiazole compounds are known, this is the first report of nanomolar MAO inhibition potencies recorded for sulfonamide derivatives. MAO-B specific inhibitors such as those discovered here may be of interest in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Shetnev
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl 150000, Russian Federation
| | - Roman Shlenev
- Yaroslavl State Technical University, Yaroslavl 150023, Russian Federation
| | - Julia Efimova
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl 150000, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Ivanovskii
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl 150000, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Tarasov
- Yaroslavl State Technical University, Yaroslavl 150023, Russian Federation
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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24
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Palani V, Hugelshofer CL, Sarpong R. A Unified Strategy for the Enantiospecific Total Synthesis of Delavatine A and Formal Synthesis of Incarviatone A. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14421-14432. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Palani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Cedric L. Hugelshofer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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25
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Gaur S, Gross ME, Liao CP, Qian B, Shih JC. Effect of Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) inhibitors on androgen-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2019; 79:667-677. [PMID: 30693539 PMCID: PMC7462252 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is best known for its role in neuro-transmitter regulation. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are used to treat atypical depression. MAOA is highly expressed in high grade prostate cancer and modulates tumorigenesis and progression in prostate cancer. Here, we investigated the potential role of MAOA inhibitors (MAOAIs) in relation to the androgen receptor (AR) pathway and resistance to antiandrogen treatment in prostate cancer. METHODS We examined MAOA expression and the effect of MAOI treatment in relation to AR-targeted treatments using the LNCaP, C4-2B, and 22Rv1 human prostate cancer cell lines. MAOA, AR-full length (AR-FL), AR splice variant 7 (AR-V7), and PSA expression was evaluated in the presence of MAOAIs (clorgyline, phenelzine), androgenic ligand (R1881), and antiandrogen (enzalutamide) treatments. An enzalutamide resistance cell line was generated to test the effect of MAOAI treatment in this model. RESULTS We observed that MAOAIs, particularly clorgyline and phenelzine, were effective at decreasing MAOA activity in human prostate cancer cells. MAOAIs significantly decreased growth of LNCaP, C4-2B, and 22Rv1 cells and produced additive growth inhibitory effects when combined with enzalutamide. Clorgyline decreased expression of AR-FL and AR-V7 in 22Rv1 cells and was effective at decreasing growth of an enzalutamide-resistant C4-2B cell line with increased AR-V7 expression. CONCLUSIONS MAOAIs decrease growth and proliferation of androgen-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Clorgyline, in particular, decreases expression of AR-FL and AR-V7 expression and decreases growth of an enzalutamide-resistant cell line. These findings provide preclinical validation of MAOA inhibitors either alone or in combination with antiandrogens for therapeutic intent in patients with advanced forms of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mitchell E. Gross
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chun-Peng Liao
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bin Qian
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jean C. Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- USC-Taiwan Center for Translational Research, Los Angeles, California
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitors⁻Indocyanine Dyes Conjugates as Targeted Antitumor Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071400. [PMID: 30974737 PMCID: PMC6480602 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is an important mitochondria-bound enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of monoamine neurotransmitters. Accumulating evidence suggests a significant association of increased MAOA expression and advanced high-grade prostate cancer (PCa) progression and metastasis. Herein, a series of novel conjugates combining the MAOA inhibitor isoniazid (INH) and tumor-targeting near-infrared (NIR) heptamethine cyanine dyes were designed and synthesized. The synthesized compounds G1–G13 were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxicity against PC-3 cells using the MTT assay, and molecular docking studies were performed. Results showed that most tested compounds exhibited improved antitumor efficacy compared with INH. Moreover, conjugates G10 and G11 showed potent anticancer activity with IC50 values (0.85 and 0.4 μM respectively) comparable to that of doxorubicin (DOX). This may be attributable to the preferential accumulation of these conjugates in tumor cells. G10, G11, and G12 also demonstrated moderate MAOA inhibitory activities. This result and the results of molecular docking studies were consistent with their cytotoxicity activities. Taken together, these data suggest that a combination of the MAOA inhibitor INH with tumor-targeting heptamethine cyanine dyes may prove to be a highly promising tool for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
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27
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Kim WY, Won M, Salimi A, Sharma A, Lim JH, Kwon SH, Jeon JY, Lee JY, Kim JS. Monoamine oxidase-A targeting probe for prostate cancer imaging and inhibition of metastasis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13267-13270. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO-A) is known to be overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Korea
| | - Miae Won
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Korea
| | - Abbas Salimi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Korea
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Lim
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Korea
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Seoul Center
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Seoul 02841
- Korea
| | - Joo-Yeong Jeon
- Seoul Center
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Seoul 02841
- Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Korea
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28
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Badawy AAB. Tryptophan Metabolism: A Versatile Area Providing Multiple Targets for Pharmacological Intervention. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 9:10.32527/2019/101415. [PMID: 31105983 PMCID: PMC6520243 DOI: 10.32527/2019/101415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential amino acid L-tryptophan (Trp) undergoes extensive metabolism along several pathways, resulting in production of many biologically active metabolites which exert profound effects on physiological processes. The disturbance in Trp metabolism and disposition in many disease states provides a basis for exploring multiple targets for pharmaco-therapeutic interventions. In particular, the kynurenine pathway of Trp degradation is currently at the forefront of immunological research and immunotherapy. In this review, I shall consider mammalian Trp metabolism in health and disease and outline the intervention targets. It is hoped that this account will provide a stimulus for pharmacologists and others to conduct further studies in this rich area of biomedical research and therapeutics.
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29
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Chu GCY, Chung LWK, Gururajan M, Hsieh CL, Josson S, Nandana S, Sung SY, Wang R, Wu JB, Zhau HE. Regulatory signaling network in the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer bone and visceral organ metastases and the development of novel therapeutics. Asian J Urol 2018; 6:65-81. [PMID: 30775250 PMCID: PMC6363607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes cell signaling network of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) to bone and visceral organs in the context of tumor microenvironment and for the development of novel therapeutics. The article focuses on our recent progress in the understanding of: 1) The plasticity and dynamics of tumor–stroma interaction; 2) The significance of epigenetic reprogramming in conferring cancer growth, invasion and metastasis; 3) New insights on altered junctional communication affecting PCa bone and brain metastases; 4) Novel strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance to hormonal antagonists and chemotherapy; 5) Genetic-based therapy to co-target tumor and bone stroma; 6) PCa-bone-immune cell interaction and TBX2-WNTprotein signaling in bone metastasis; 7) The roles of monoamine oxidase and reactive oxygen species in PCa growth and bone metastasis; and 8) Characterization of imprinting cluster of microRNA, in tumor–stroma interaction. This article provides new approaches and insights of PCa metastases with emphasis on basic science and potential for clinical translation. This article referenced the details of the various approaches and discoveries described herein in peer-reviewed publications. We dedicate this article in our fond memory of Dr. Donald S. Coffey who taught us the spirit of sharing and the importance of focusing basic science discoveries toward translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Chia-Yi Chu
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Murali Gururajan
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Bristol-Myer Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sajni Josson
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Oncoveda Cancer Research Center, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, NJ, USA
| | - Srinivas Nandana
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shian-Ying Sung
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruoxiang Wang
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason Boyang Wu
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Haiyen E Zhau
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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30
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Wang Z, Olenyuk BZ, Shih JC, Wang J. Quantification and pharmacokinetic study of tumor-targeting agent MHI148-clorgyline amide in mouse plasma using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Anal 2018; 8:153-159. [PMID: 29922483 PMCID: PMC6004616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed for the quantification of MHI148-clorgyline amide (NMI-amide), a novel tumor-targeting monoamine oxidase A inhibitor, in mouse plasma. The method was validated in terms of sensitivity, precision, accuracy, recovery and stability and then applied to a pharmacokinetic study of NMI-amide in mice following intravenous administration. NMI-amide together with the internal standard (IS), MHI-148, was extracted by protein precipitation using acetonitrile. Multiple reaction monitoring was used for quantification of NMI-amide by detecting m/z transition of 491.2-361.9, and 685.3-258.2 for NMI-amide and the IS, respectively. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of the HPLC-MS/MS method for NMI-amide was 0.005 μg/mL and the linear calibration curve was acquired with R2 > 0.99 in the concentration range of 0.005-2 μg/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions of the assay were assessed by percentage of the coefficient of variations, which was within 9.8% at LLOQ and 14.0% for other quality control samples, whereas the mean accuracy ranged from 86.8% to 113.2%. The samples were stable under storage and experimental conditions. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in mice following intravenous administration of 5 mg/kg NMI-amide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Wang
- Center for Advancement of Drug Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - Bogdan Z. Olenyuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, USC-Taiwan Center for Translational Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jean Chen Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, USC-Taiwan Center for Translational Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wang
- Center for Advancement of Drug Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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31
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Yin L, Li J, Liao CP, Jason Wu B. Monoamine Oxidase Deficiency Causes Prostate Atrophy and Reduces Prostate Progenitor Cell Activity. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1249-1258. [PMID: 29637670 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) degrade a number of biogenic and dietary amines, including monoamine neurotransmitters, and play an essential role in many biological processes. Neurotransmitters and related neural events have been shown to participate in the development, differentiation, and maintenance of diverse tissues and organs by regulating the specialized cellular function and morphological structures of innervated organs such as the prostate. Here we show that mice lacking both MAO isoforms, MAOA and MAOB, exhibit smaller prostate mass and develop epithelial atrophy in the ventral and dorsolateral prostates. The cellular composition of prostate epithelium showed reduced CK5+ or p63+ basal cells, accompanied by lower Sca-1 expression in p63+ basal cells, but intact differentiated CK8+ luminal cells in MAOA/B-deficient mouse prostates. MAOA/B ablation also decreased epithelial cell proliferation without affecting cell apoptosis in mouse prostates. Using a human prostate epithelial cell line, we found that stable knockdown of MAOA and MAOB impaired the capacity of prostate stem cells to form spheres, coinciding with a reduced CD133+ /CD44+ /CD24- stem cell population and less expression of CK5 and select stem cell markers, including ALDH1A1, TROP2, and CD166. Alternative pharmacological inhibition of MAOs also repressed prostate cell stemness. In addition, we found elevated expression of MAOA and MAOB in epithelial and/or stromal components of human prostate hyperplasia samples compared with normal prostate tissues. Taken together, our findings reveal critical roles for MAOs in the regulation of prostate basal progenitor cells and prostate maintenance. Stem Cells 2018;36:1249-1258.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yin
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Chun-Peng Liao
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Boyang Jason Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
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32
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Chirkova ZV, Kabanova MV, Filimonov SI, Abramov IG, Petzer A, Engelbrecht I, Petzer JP, Yu Suponitsky K, Veselovsky AV. An investigation of the monoamine oxidase inhibition properties of pyrrolo[3,4-f]indole-5,7-dione and indole-5,6-dicarbonitrile derivatives. Drug Dev Res 2018; 79:81-93. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna V. Chirkova
- Yaroslavl State Technical University; Yaroslavl 150023 Russian Federation
| | - Mariya V. Kabanova
- Yaroslavl State Technical University; Yaroslavl 150023 Russian Federation
| | | | - Igor G. Abramov
- Yaroslavl State Technical University; Yaroslavl 150023 Russian Federation
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences; North-West University; Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
| | - Idalet Engelbrecht
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences; North-West University; Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
| | - Jacobus P. Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences; North-West University; Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
| | - Kyrill Yu Suponitsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
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Kuol N, Stojanovska L, Apostolopoulos V, Nurgali K. Role of the nervous system in cancer metastasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:5. [PMID: 29334991 PMCID: PMC5769535 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains as one of the leading cause of death worldwide. The development of cancer involves an intricate process, wherein many identified and unidentified factors play a role. Although most studies have focused on the genetic abnormalities which initiate and promote cancer, there is overwhelming evidence that tumors interact within their environment by direct cell-to-cell contact and with signaling molecules, suggesting that cancer cells can influence their microenvironment and bidirectionally communicate with other systems. However, only in recent years the role of the nervous system has been recognized as a major contributor to cancer development and metastasis. The nervous system governs functional activities of many organs, and, as tumors are not independent organs within an organism, this system is integrally involved in tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyanbol Kuol
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, AIMSS, Melbourne, Australia.
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34
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Unexpected effects of azole transporter inhibitors on antifungal susceptibility in Candida glabrata and other pathogenic Candida species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180990. [PMID: 28700656 PMCID: PMC5507446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic fungus Candida glabrata is often resistant to azole antifungal agents. Drug efflux through azole transporters, such as Cdr1 and Cdr2, is a key mechanism of azole resistance and these genes are under the control of the transcription factor Pdr1. Recently, the monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor clorgyline was shown to inhibit the azole efflux pumps, leading to increased azole susceptibility in C. glabrata. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of clorgyline on susceptibility of C. glabrata to not only azoles, but also to micafungin and amphotericin B, using wild-type and several mutant strains. The addition of clorgyline to the culture media increased fluconazole susceptibility of a C. glabrata wild-type strain, whereas micafungin and amphotericin B susceptibilities were markedly decreased. These phenomena were also observed in other medically important Candida species, including Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei. Expression levels of CDR1, CDR2 and PDR1 mRNAs and an amount of Cdr1 protein in the C. glabrata wild-type strain were highly increased in response to the treatment with clorgyline. However, loss of Cdr1, Cdr2, Pdr1, and a putative clorgyline target (Fms1), which is an ortholog of human MAO-A, or overexpression of CDR1 did not affect the decreased susceptibility to micafungin and amphotericin B in the presence of clorgyline. The presence of other azole efflux pump inhibitors including milbemycin A4 oxime and carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone also decreased micafungin susceptibility in C. glabrata wild-type, Δcdr1, Δcdr2, and Δpdr1 strains. These findings suggest that azole efflux pump inhibitors increase azole susceptibility but concurrently induce decreased susceptibility to other classes of antifungals independent of azole transporter functions.
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MAOA-a novel decision maker of apoptosis and autophagy in hormone refractory neuroendocrine prostate cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46338. [PMID: 28402333 PMCID: PMC5389346 DOI: 10.1038/srep46338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are two well-controlled mechanisms regulating cell fate. An understanding of decision-making between these two pathways is in its infancy. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is a mitochondrial enzyme that is well-known in psychiatric research. Emerging reports showed that overexpression MAOA is associated with prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we show that MAOA is involved in mediating neuroendocrine differentiation of PCa cells, a feature associated with hormone-refractory PCa (HRPC), a lethal type of disease. Following recent reports showing that NED of PCa requires down-regulation of repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) and activation of autophagy; we observe that MAOA is a novel direct target gene of REST. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by overexpressed MAOA plays an essential role in inhibiting apoptosis and activating autophagy in NED PCa cells. MAOA inhibitors significantly reduced NED and autophagy activation of PCa cells. Our results here show MAOA as a new decision-maker for activating autophagy and MAOA inhibitors may be useful as a potential therapy for neuroendocrine tumors.
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Wu JB, Yin L, Shi C, Li Q, Duan P, Huang JM, Liu C, Wang F, Lewis M, Wang Y, Lin TP, Pan CC, Posadas EM, Zhau HE, Chung LWK. MAOA-Dependent Activation of Shh-IL6-RANKL Signaling Network Promotes Prostate Cancer Metastasis by Engaging Tumor-Stromal Cell Interactions. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:368-382. [PMID: 28292438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a predominant cause of death for prostate cancer (PCa) patients; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We report that monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is a clinically and functionally important mediator of PCa bone and visceral metastases, activating paracrine Shh signaling in tumor-stromal interactions. MAOA provides tumor cell growth advantages in the bone microenvironment by stimulating interleukin-6 (IL6) release from osteoblasts, and triggers skeletal colonization by activating osteoclastogenesis through osteoblast production of RANKL and IL6. MAOA inhibitor treatment effectively reduces metastasis and prolongs mouse survival by disengaging the Shh-IL6-RANKL signaling network in stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. These findings provide a rationale for targeting MAOA and its associated molecules to treat PCa metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Boyang Wu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, USA.
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Changhong Shi
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Qinlong Li
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Peng Duan
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jen-Ming Huang
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Fubo Wang
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, the Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Michael Lewis
- West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, the Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tzu-Ping Lin
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan 11217, ROC; Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan 11217, ROC
| | - Chin-Chen Pan
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan 11217, ROC
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Haiyen E Zhau
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Van der Walt MM, Terre’Blanche G, Petzer JP, Petzer A. Benzyloxynitrostyrene analogues – A novel class of selective and highly potent inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:1193-1199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Zarmouh NO, Messeha SS, Elshami FM, Soliman KFA. Natural Products Screening for the Identification of Selective Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 15. [PMID: 27341283 PMCID: PMC4898948 DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2016/26453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors (MAO-BIs) are used for the initial therapy of Parkinson’s disease. Also, MAO-BIs have shown to be effective neuroprotective agents in several neurodegenerative diseases. However, some concerns exist regarding the long-term use of these compounds. Meanwhile, natural compounds showed potential MAO-B selective inhibitions. To date, few selective natural MAO-BIs have been identified. Therefore, the current study is designed to identify plants with potent and specific MAO-B inhibition. Study Design In this work, we utilized high throughput screening to evaluate the different plants ethanolic extract for their effectiveness to inhibit recombinant human (h)MAO-A and hMAO-B and to determine the relative selectivity of the top MAO-BI. Methodology Recombinant human isozymes were verified by Western blotting, and the 155 plants were screened. A continuous fluorometric screening assay was performed followed by two separate hMAO-A and hMAO-B microtiter screenings and IC50 determinations for the top extracts. Results In the screened plants, 9% of the extracts showed more than 1.5-fold relative inhibition of hMAO-B (RIB) and another 9% showed more than 1.5-fold relative inhibition of hMAO-A. The top extracts with the most potent RIBs were Psoralea corylifolia seeds, Phellodendron amurense bark, Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots, and Ferula assafoetida roots, with the highest RIB of 5.9-fold. Furthermore, extensive maceration of the promising extracts led to increase inhibitory effects with a preserved RIB as confirmed with luminescence assay. The top four extracts hMAO-BIs were equally potent (IC50= 1.3 to 3.8 μg/mL) with highly significant relative selectivities to inhibit hMAO-B (4.1- to 13.4-fold). Conclusion The obtained results indicate that Psoralea corylifolia seeds, Ferula assafoetida, Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots, and Phellodendron amurense ethanolic extracts have selective inhibitions for human MAO-B. Investigating these plant extracts as natural resources for novel selective MAO-BIs may lead to the development of molecules that can be used in the therapeutic management of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla O Zarmouh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - Samia S Messeha
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - Faisel M Elshami
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
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Chirkova ZV, Kabanova MV, Filimonov SI, Abramov IG, Petzer A, Petzer JP, Suponitsky KY. An evaluation of synthetic indole derivatives as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2214-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dual inhibition of survivin and MAOA synergistically impairs growth of PTEN-negative prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:242-51. [PMID: 26103574 PMCID: PMC4506394 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Survivin and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) levels are elevated in prostate cancer (PCa) compared to normal prostate glands. However, the relationship between survivin and MAOA in PCa is unclear. Methods: We examined MAOA expression in the prostate lobes of a conditional PTEN-deficient mouse model mirroring human PCa, with or without survivin knockout. We also silenced one gene at a time and examined the expression of the other. We further evaluated the combination of MAOA inhibitors and survivin suppressants on the growth, viability, migration and invasion of PCa cells. Results: Survivin and MAOA levels are both increased in clinical PCa tissues and significantly associated with patients' survival. Survivin depletion delayed MAOA increase during PCa progression, and silencing MAOA decreased survivin expression. The combination of MAOA inhibitors and the survivin suppressants (YM155 and SC144) showed significant synergy on the inhibition of PCa cell growth, migration and invasion with concomitant decrease in survivin and MMP-9 levels. Conclusions: There is a positive feedback loop between survivin and MAOA expression in PCa. Considering that survivin suppressants and MAOA inhibitors are currently available in clinical trials and clinical use, their synergistic effects in PCa support a rapid translation of this combination to clinical practice.
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Wu JB, Lin TP, Gallagher JD, Kushal S, Chung LWK, Zhau HE, Olenyuk BZ, Shih JC. Monoamine oxidase A inhibitor-near-infrared dye conjugate reduces prostate tumor growth. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2366-74. [PMID: 25585152 DOI: 10.1021/ja512613j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Development of anti-cancer agents with high tumor-targeting specificity and efficacy is critical for modern multidisciplinary cancer research. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), a mitochondria-bound enzyme, degrades monoamine neurotransmitters and dietary monoamines. Recent evidence suggests a correlation between increased MAOA expression and prostate cancer (PCa) progression with poor outcomes for patients. MAOA induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and augments hypoxic effects by producing excess reactive oxygen species. Thus, development of MAOA inhibitors which selectively target tumors becomes an important goal in cancer pharmacology. Here we describe the design, synthesis, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of NMI, a conjugate that combines a near-infrared dye for tumor targeting with the moiety derived from the MAOA inhibitor clorgyline. NMI inhibits MAOA with low micromolar IC50, suppresses PCa cell proliferation and colony formation, and reduces migration and invasion. In mouse PCa xenografts, NMI targets tumors with no detectable accumulation in normal tissues, providing effective reduction of the tumor burden. Analysis of tumor specimens shows reduction in Ki-67(+) and CD31(+) cells, suggesting a decrease of cell proliferation and angiogenesis and an increase in M30(+) cells, indicating increased apoptosis. Gene expression profiles of tumors treated with NMI demonstrate reduced expression of oncogenes FOS, JUN, NFKB, and MYC and cell cycle regulators CCND1, CCNE1, and CDK4/6, along with increases in the levels of tumor suppressor gene TP53, cell cycle inhibitors CDKN1A and CDKN2A, and MAOA-downstream genes that promote EMT, tumor hypoxia, cancer cell migration, and invasion. These data suggest that NMI exerts its effect through tumor-targeted delivery of a MAOA-inactivating group, making NMI a valuable anti-tumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Boyang Wu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
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The influence of monoamine oxidase variants on the risk of betel quid-associated oral and pharyngeal cancer. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:183548. [PMID: 25389533 PMCID: PMC4214165 DOI: 10.1155/2014/183548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Betel quid (BQ) and areca nut (AN) (major BQ ingredient) are group I human carcinogens illustrated by International Agency for Research on Cancer and are closely associated with an elevated risk of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx. The primary alkaloid of AN, arecoline, can be metabolized via the monoamine oxidase (MAO) gene by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the variants of the susceptible candidate MAO genes are associated with OPMDs and oral and pharyngeal cancer. A significant trend of MAO-A mRNA expression was found in in vitro studies. Using paired human tissues, we confirmed the significantly decreased expression of MAO-A and MAO-B in cancerous tissues when compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. Moreover, we determined that MAO-A single nucleotide polymorphism variants are significantly linked with oral and pharyngeal cancer patients in comparison to OPMDs patients [rs5953210 risk G-allele, odds ratio = 1.76; 95% confidence interval = 1.02-3.01]. In conclusion, we suggested that susceptible MAO family variants associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer may be implicated in the modulation of MAO gene activity associated with ROS.
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Monoamine oxidase A and B substrates: probing the pathway for drug development. Future Med Chem 2014; 6:697-717. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-discovery and -development efforts focused on the MAOs have increased at an accelerated rate over the past decade. Since the first crystal structure of human MAO-B was solved in 2002, over 40 additional structures have been reported and have helped define new, or confirm speculative, binding modes of inhibitors. The detailed mechanism of the MAO-catalyzed oxidation of amine substrates has not been fully elucidated, but its significance is central in the development of new mechanism-based inactivators. Novel fungal MAO-N variants derived from directed evolution strategies are enabling the production of new chiral amine products. Robust assays have been established for measuring MAO status in tissue and cells, while improved MAO radioligands are being deployed for PET imaging studies. This review will attempt to highlight the more recent and salient aspects of MAO research in drug discovery and development, with emphasis on substrates 'probing the pathway'.
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Bielecka AM, Obuchowicz E. Antidepressant drugs as a complementary therapeutic strategy in cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 238:849-58. [PMID: 23970405 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213493721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, it has been increasingly recognized that antidepressant drugs may exert a range of effects, in addition to their well-documented ability to modulate neurotransmission. Although as a group they act on monoaminergic systems and receptors in different ways, a number of studies have demonstrated that at least some antidepressants might have other properties in common, including immunomodulatory, cyto/neuroprotective, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. These properties are partly related to the influence of antidepressants on glial cell function. Recently, emerging information about the possible anticancer properties of antidepressants has sparked increased interest within scientific community, and there is now evidence that these drugs affect the key cellular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. This review examines the putative cellular targets for the anticancer action of antidepressant drugs, and presents examples of the interaction between antidepressants and anticancer drugs. By reviewing the current state of research in this area, we hope to focus the attention of oncologists and researchers engaged in the study of cancer on the role that antidepressant drugs could play in the complementary therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Bielecka
- Medical University of Silesia, Department of Pharmacology, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
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Tan SH, Furusato B, Fang X, He F, Mohamed AA, Griner NB, Sood K, Saxena S, Katta S, Young D, Chen Y, Sreenath T, Petrovics G, Dobi A, McLeod DG, Sesterhenn IA, Saxena S, Srivastava S. Evaluation of ERG responsive proteome in prostate cancer. Prostate 2014; 74:70-89. [PMID: 24115221 PMCID: PMC4075339 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene fusion between TMPRSS2 promoter and the ERG proto-oncogene is a major genomic alteration found in over half of prostate cancers (CaP), which leads to aberrant androgen dependent ERG expression. Despite extensive analysis for the biological functions of ERG in CaP, there is no systematic evaluation of the ERG responsive proteome (ERP). ERP has the potential to define new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for prostate tumors stratified by ERG expression. METHODS Global proteome analysis was performed by using ERG (+) and ERG (-) CaP cells isolated by ERG immunohistochemistry defined laser capture microdissection and by using TMPRSS2-ERG positive VCaP cells treated with ERG and control siRNA. RESULTS We identified 1,196 and 2,190 unique proteins stratified by ERG status from prostate tumors and VCaP cells, respectively. Comparative analysis of these two proteomes identified 330 concordantly regulated proteins characterizing enrichment of pathways modulating cytoskeletal and actin reorganization, cell migration, protein biosynthesis, and proteasome and ER-associated protein degradation. ERPs unique for ERG (+) tumors reveal enrichment for cell growth and survival pathways while proteasome and redox function pathways were enriched in ERPs unique for ERG (-) tumors. Meta-analysis of ERPs against CaP gene expression data revealed that Myosin VI and Monoamine oxidase A were positively and negatively correlated to ERG expression, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study delineates the global proteome for prostate tumors stratified by ERG expression status. The ERP data confirm the functions of ERG in inhibiting cell differentiation and activating cell growth, and identify potentially novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Han Tan
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
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Bonaiuto E, Milelli A, Cozza G, Tumiatti V, Marchetti C, Agostinelli E, Fimognari C, Hrelia P, Minarini A, Di Paolo ML. Novel polyamine analogues: From substrates towards potential inhibitors of monoamine oxidases. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:88-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Lee HT, Choi MR, Doh MS, Jung KH, Chai YG. Effects of the monoamine oxidase inhibitors pargyline and tranylcypromine on cellular proliferation in human prostate cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1587-92. [PMID: 23900512 PMCID: PMC3810355 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the therapeutic strategies that has been used for the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in several types of cancer, including prostate cancer. Although monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, phytoestrogen and antioxidants used in chemotherapy have been systematically studied, their effects on cancer cell growth remain to be fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the MAO inhibitors, pargyline and tranylcypromine on cell survival in human prostate carcinoma (LNCaP-LN3) cells. After treating LNCaP-LN3 cells with pargyline or tranylcypromine, we examined cell proliferation, cell cycle pattern, apoptosis and the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes. The proliferation of cells exposed to pargyline decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner, while tranylcypromine-treated cells showed the opposite results. Treatment with pargyline significantly induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase compared to the control and tranylcypromine-treated cells. In addition, pargyline induced an increase in the cell death rate by promoting apoptosis; however, tranylcypromine had no effect on LNCaP-LN3 cells. Based on our results, we suggest that pargyline is more powerful than tranylcypromine for the treatment of human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Tae Lee
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
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Saraon P, Cretu D, Musrap N, Karagiannis GS, Batruch I, Drabovich AP, van der Kwast T, Mizokami A, Morrissey C, Jarvi K, Diamandis EP. Quantitative proteomics reveals that enzymes of the ketogenic pathway are associated with prostate cancer progression. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:1589-601. [PMID: 23443136 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.023887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. One common treatment is androgen-deprivation therapy, which reduces symptoms in most patients. However, over time, patients develop tumors that are androgen-independent and ultimately fatal. The mechanisms that cause this transition remain largely unknown, and as a result, there are no effective treatments against androgen-independent prostate cancer. As a model platform, we used the LNCaP cell line and its androgen-independent derivative, LNCaP-SF. Utilizing stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture coupled to mass spectrometry, we assessed the differential global protein expression of the two cell lines. Our proteomic analysis resulted in the quantification of 3355 proteins. Bioinformatic prioritization resulted in 42 up-regulated and 46 down-regulated proteins in LNCaP-SF cells relative to LNCaP cells. Our top candidate, HMGCS2, an enzyme involved in ketogenesis, was found to be 9-fold elevated in LNCaP-SF cells, based on peptide ratios. After analyzing the remaining enzymes of this pathway (ACAT1, BDH1, HMGCL, and OXCT1), we observed increased expression of these proteins in the LNCaP-SF cells, which was further verified using Western blotting. To determine whether these enzymes were up-regulated in clinical samples, we performed quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry on human prostate cancer tissues, from which we observed significantly increased transcript and protein levels in high-grade cancer (Gleason grade ≥ 8). In addition, we observed significant elevation of these enzymes in the LuCaP 96AI castration-resistant xenograft. Further assessment of ACAT1 on human castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer tissues revealed substantially elevated expression of ACAT1 in these specimens. Taken together, our results indicate that enzymes of the ketogenic pathway are up-regulated in high-grade prostate cancer and could serve as potential tissue biomarkers for the diagnosis or prognosis of high-grade disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit Saraon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 3L9
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Antidepressants: influence on cancer and immunity? Life Sci 2013; 92:525-32. [PMID: 23369745 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Two decades ago, it was hypothesized that antidepressants could alter the course of neoplastic diseases. However, contradictory findings indicated that antidepressants could either have carcinogenic properties or improve the disease outcome. Intriguingly, controversial results were reported on the action of antidepressant drugs on immune function. Further hypotheses proposed that antidepressants could indirectly affect the cancer prognosis through the modulation of antitumor activity. Here we review the literature in order to elucidate the influence of antidepressants on cancer and immunity.
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