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Arslan Bozdag L, Açik L, Ersoy HE, Bayir Ö, Korkmaz MH, Mollaoglu N, Gultekin SE. PDCD4 and MIR-21 are promising biomarkers in the follow-up of OED in liquid biopsies. Oral Dis 2024; 30:3873-3883. [PMID: 38098243 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
This research aims to examine the impact of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), microRNA-21 (miR-21) and microRNA-208a (miR-208a) transcripts, and protein levels on oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) development in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS The research investigation involved the collection of saliva, blood, and tissue samples from a total of 20 patients diagnosed with OSCC, 15 patients diagnosed with OED, and 15 healthy individuals. PDCD4, miR-21, and miR-208a expression was performed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). PDCD4 protein levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in both saliva and blood samples. For statistical analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Spearmen rank test were utilised. RESULTS PDCD4 expression levels were considerably lower in patients with OSCC and OED (p < 0.05) in three biological samples. In contrast, miR-21 expression was higher in OED and OSCC patients. Patients with low PDCD4 mRNA levels and strong miR-21 expression had a significant connection (p < 0.05) with tumor size and depth. CONCLUSIONS Examining PDCD4 and miR-21 transcript levels may help detect the transition from OED to OSCC. This work suggests that PDCD4 and miR-21 expression levels in liquid biopsies may be biomarkers for OED monitoring in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leyla Açik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Erhan Ersoy
- Department of Oral, Dental, and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ömer Bayir
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, T.R. Ministry of Health Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Nur Mollaoglu
- Department of Oral, Dental, and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Elif Gultekin
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Wang YX, Cui L, Wu WB, Quinn MJ, Menon R, Zhao JR, Zhang HJ. Downregulation of PDCD4 by deSUMOylation associates with the progression of gestational trophoblastic disease. Placenta 2022; 130:17-24. [PMID: 36370491 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) encompasses a range of trophoblastic disorders from hydatidiform mole (HM), to malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). The exact molecular mechanisms of GTN remain unknown. Dysregulation and dysfunction of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4)have been observed in many cancers. The roles of PDCD4 in GTD have not been previously reported. METHODS A total of 161 cases of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded trophoblast blocks, and 36 cases of fresh trophoblast tissues were collected, including normal first trimester placentas, HM, and invasive HM. Choriocarcinoma cells JAR and JEG-3 were employed. The expressions of PDCD4 and small ubiquitin-like modifier 2/3 (SUMO2/3) were examined by immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting in trophoblastic tissues and cells. The relationship between SUMOylation and PDCD4 was investigated. The effects of PDCD4 on proliferation, invasion, and migration of choriocarcinoma cells were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 and transwell assays post siRNA transfection. Extracellular Matrix & Adhesion Profiler PCR Array was used to screen the downstream molecules of PDCD4. RESULTS PDCD4 was significantly repressed in HM tissues. Loss of PDCD4 expression was demonstrated in 90% invasive HMs. Choriocarcinoma cells also displayed with suppressed PDCD4 expression. The varied expression of PDCD4 was paralleled by SUMO2/3. Inhibition of SUMOylation reduced the expression of PDCD4. Silencing of PDCD4promoted proliferation/migration/invasion, upregulatedMMP3/MMP8/ITGB2, and downregulated TIMP1/TIMP2 in choriocarcinoma cells. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that reduced SUMOylation is one reason for suppressed PDCD4 in GTD. Loss of PDCD4 likely determines the malignant phenotype of GTN by dysregulating some members of the MMPs/TIMPs/integrins complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xin Wang
- Departments of Pathology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China; Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ling Cui
- Departments of Pathology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wei-Bin Wu
- Department of Biobank, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Martin John Quinn
- Departments of Pathology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jiu-Ru Zhao
- Department of Biobank, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Hui-Juan Zhang
- Departments of Pathology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Ferris WF. The Role and Interactions of Programmed Cell Death 4 and its Regulation by microRNA in Transformed Cells of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Front Oncol 2022; 12:903374. [PMID: 35847932 PMCID: PMC9277020 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.903374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates that there were 19.3 million new cases of cancer and 10.0 million cancer-related deaths in 2020 and that this is predicted to increase by 47% in 2040. The combined burden of cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including oesophageal-, gastric- and colorectal cancers, resulted in 22.6% of the cancer-related deaths in 2020 and 18.7% of new diagnosed cases. Understanding the aetiology of GI tract cancers should have a major impact on future therapies and lessen this substantial burden of disease. Many cancers of the GI tract have suppression of the tumour suppressor Programmed Cell Death 4 (PDCD4) and this has been linked to the expression of microRNAs which bind to the untranslated region of PDCD4 mRNA and either inhibit translation or target the mRNA for degradation. This review highlights the properties of PDCD4 and documents the evidence for the regulation of PDCD4 expression by microRNAs in cancers of the GI tract.
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Ohishi T, Hayakawa S, Miyoshi N. Involvement of microRNA modifications in anticancer effects of major polyphenols from green tea, coffee, wine, and curry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7148-7179. [PMID: 35289676 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2038540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of green tea, coffee, wine, and curry may contribute to a reduced risk of various cancers. However, there are some cancer site-specific differences in their effects; for example, the consumption of tea or wine may reduce bladder cancer risk, whereas coffee consumption may increase the risk. Animal and cell-based experiments have been used to elucidate the anticancer mechanisms of these compounds, with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based mechanisms emerging as likely candidates. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), curcumin (CUR), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and resveratrol (RSV) can act as antioxidants that activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to downregulate ROS, and as prooxidants to generate ROS, leading to the downregulation of NF-κB. Polyphenols can modulate miRNA (miR) expression, with these dietary polyphenols shown to downregulate tumor-promoting miR-21. CUR, EGCG, and RSV can upregulate tumor-suppressing miR-16, 34a, 145, and 200c, but downregulate tumor-promoting miR-25a. CGA, EGCG, and RSV downregulate tumor-suppressing miR-20a, 93, and 106b. The effects of miRs may combine with ROS-mediated pathways, enhancing the anticancer effects of these polyphenols. More precise analysis is needed to determine how the different modulations of miRs by polyphenols relate to the cancer site-specific differences found in epidemiological studies related to the consumption of foods containing these polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sumio Hayakawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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Brahmbhatt HD, Gupta R, Gupta A, Rastogi S, Subramani D, Mobeen A, Batra VV, Singh A. Differential regulation of miR-21-5p delays wound healing of melanocyte-deprived vitiligo skin by modulating the expression of tumor-suppressors PDCD4 and Maspin. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1429-1439. [PMID: 34687038 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The loss of melanocytes in vitiligo is associated with architectural, transcriptional, and cellular perturbations of keratinocytes and manifests as a reduced proliferation potential in vitro and delayed re-epithelialization in vivo. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this delay, microRNA (miRNA) profiling was performed on split skin biopsies collected on Day 1 (basal level) and Day 14 (wound re-epithelialization) from nonlesional (NL) and lesional (L) skin of five subjects with stable nonsegmental vitiligo and 129 miRNAs were found to be differentially regulated between the NL and L healed epidermis. miR-21-5p, expressed at comparable levels on NL and L Day 1 samples, demonstrated significant upregulation during re-epithelialization. However, the extent of its upregulation was relatively lower in L (10 times compared to Day 1) as compared to NL skin (17 times compared to Day 1). The overexpression of miR-21 in keratinocytes led to a significant increase in the expression of proliferation markers (Ki67 and MCM6 messenger RNA, Ki67 positivity), along with an increase in keratinocyte migration. Using a small interfering RNA mediated knockdown approach, we further demonstrated that miR-21-5p mediates its effects by suppressing the expression of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) and mammary serine protease inhibitor (Maspin), both tumor-suppressor genes. Investigation of clinical samples corroborated the lower miR-21 levels and a higher expression of PDCD4 and Maspin in L Day 14 compared to the NL Day 14 epidermis. In conclusion, this study revealed that a relatively lower upregulation of miR-21-5p in L skin leads to significantly higher levels of PDCD4 and Maspin, delaying wound re-epithelialization by reducing the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemang D Brahmbhatt
- Skin Biology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Skin Biology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Aayush Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil University, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Soumya Rastogi
- Skin Biology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharshini Subramani
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil University, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ahmed Mobeen
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,G.N. Ramachandran Knowledge Centre, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineeta V Batra
- Department of Pathology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Skin Biology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Sato K, Miyamoto M, Takano M, Tsuda H. MicroRNA-21 expression in cancer cells is an independent biomarker of progression-free survival of endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2021; 479:883-891. [PMID: 34331128 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03171-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is one of the most common gynecological cancers. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is the most consistently overexpressed miRNA in almost all human cancer types, and it might be a useful clinical biomarker and therapeutic target. However, its precise localization and significance in endometrial carcinoma have not been clarified. This study aimed to examine miR-21 expression in endometrial carcinoma and reveal its clinicopathological importance. We investigated miR-21 expression by in situ hybridization (ISH) using locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified probes in 230 endometrial carcinoma patients. We evaluated miR-21 expression in cancer cells and stroma separately. High miR-21 expression in cancer cells was significantly associated with higher histological grade and lymph node metastasis. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, high miR-21 expression in cancer cells was significantly associated with poor progression-free survival. In particular, in endometrioid carcinoma, high miR-21 expression in cancer cells was an independent prognostic factor associated with poor progression-free survival, as well as older age and higher International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiya Sato
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Morikazu Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Takano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsuda
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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Ahmed F, Ijaz B, Ahmad Z, Farooq N, Sarwar MB, Husnain T. Modification of miRNA Expression through plant extracts and compounds against breast cancer: Mechanism and translational significance. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 68:153168. [PMID: 31982837 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is hyper-proliferative, multi-factorial and multi-step, heterogeneous group of molecular disorders. It is the second most reported disease after heart diseases. Breast carcinoma is the foremost death causing disease in female population worldwide. Cancer can be controlled by regulating the gene expression. Current therapeutic options are associated with severe side effects and are expensive for the people living in under-developed countries. Plant derived substances have potential application against different diseases like cancer, inflammation and viral infections. HYPOTHESIS The mechanism of action of the medicinal plants is largely unknown. Targeting gene network and miRNA using medicinal plants could help in improving the therapeutic options against cancer. METHODS The literature from 135 articles was reviewed by using PubMed, google scholar, Science direct to find out the plants and plant-based compounds against breast cancer and also the studies reporting their mechanistic route of action both at coding and noncoding RNA levels. RESULTS Natural products act as selective inhibitors of the cancerous cells by targeting oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes or altering miRNA expression. Natural compounds like EGCG from tea, Genistein from fava beans, curcumin from turmeric, DIM found in cruciferous, Resveratrol a polyphenol and Quercetin a flavonoid is found in various plants have been studied for their anticancer activity. The EGCG was found to inhibit proliferative activity by modulating miR-16 and miR-21. Similarly, DIM was found to down regulate miR-92a which results to modulate NFkB and stops cancer development. Another plant-based compound Glyceollins found to upregulate miR-181c and miR-181d having role in tumor suppression. It also found to regulate miR-22, 29b and c, miR-30d, 34a and 195. Quercetin having anti-cancer activity induce the apoptosis through regulating miR-16, 26b, 34a, let-7g, 125a and miR-605 and reduce the miRNA expression like miR-146a/b, 503 and 194 which are involved in metastasis. CONCLUSION Targeting miRNA expression using natural plant extracts can have a reverse effect on cell proliferation; turning on and off tumor-inducing and suppressing genes. It can be efficiently adopted as an adjuvant with the conventional form of therapies to increase their efficacy against cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayyaz Ahmed
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ijaz
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Zarnab Ahmad
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Farooq
- Department of Surgery, Sir Gangaram Hospital Lahore Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Sarwar
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
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Soeda N, Iinuma H, Suzuki Y, Tsukahara D, Midorikawa H, Igarashi Y, Kumata Y, Horikawa M, Kiyokawa T, Fukagawa T, Fukushima R. Plasma exosome-encapsulated microRNA-21 and microRNA-92a are promising biomarkers for the prediction of peritoneal recurrence in patients with gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4467-4480. [PMID: 31611956 PMCID: PMC6781766 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with gastric cancer (GC), peritoneal recurrence is a common risk and associated with poor prognosis. A novel biomarker for the prediction of high-risk peritoneal recurrence in patients with GC is desirable. The present study investigated the effectiveness of exosome-encapsulated microRNAs (ex-miRNAs) as minimally invasive biomarkers in patients with GC that received curative surgery. Recurrence-specific ex-miRNAs were selected following comparison of miRNA microarray data from patients with TNM stage II GC with peritoneal recurrence (n=3) and without peritoneal recurrence following curative surgery (n=3), and three healthy volunteers. In this analysis, exosome-encapsulated miRNA-21 (ex-miR-21) and exosomal miR-92a (ex-miR-92a) exhibited the greatest alterations in expression patterns. Using plasma exosome samples collected from another 129 patients with stage II and III GC, the present study investigated the potential value of ex-miR-21 and ex-miR-92a as biomarkers. Ex-miRNA levels were measured using TaqMan miRNA assays. Ex-miR-21 levels were significantly higher and ex-miR-92a levels were significantly lower in samples from patients with GC compared with healthy controls. The overall survival (OS) and peritoneal recurrence-free survival (PRFS) were poorer in stage II and III patients with high ex-miR-21 levels than in patients with low miR-21 levels. OS and PRFS of stage II and III patients with low ex-miR92a levels were significantly worse than those with high ex-miR92a levels. Cox multivariate analyses indicated that ex-miR-21 and ex-miR-92a were independent prognostic factors for OS and PRFS in stage II and III GC. A negative correlation was detected between expression levels of miR-21 and programmed cell death protein 4 mRNA, and miR-92a and prostaglandin E receptor 4 mRNA. Therefore, ex-miR-21 and ex-miR-92a may function as effective and minimally invasive biomarkers for the prediction of peritoneal recurrence and the prognosis of patients with stage II/III GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruyoshi Soeda
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Hisae Iinuma
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsukahara
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Hironori Midorikawa
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Yuichi Igarashi
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kumata
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Masahiro Horikawa
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Takashi Kiyokawa
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Takeo Fukagawa
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Ryoji Fukushima
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
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Zhu Y, Liu L, Hu L, Dong W, Zhang M, Liu Y, Li P. Effect of Celastrus orbiculatus in inhibiting Helicobacter pylori induced inflammatory response by regulating epithelial mesenchymal transition and targeting miR-21/PDCD4 signaling pathway in gastric epithelial cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:91. [PMID: 31035975 PMCID: PMC6489279 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extract of Celastrus orbiculatus (COE) have been studied for anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) activity and anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo. However, the molecular mechanism by which COE inhibits H. pylori-induced inflammatory response has not been fully elucidated so far. METHODS The effects of COE on viability, morphological changes, inflammatory cytokine secretion, protein and mRNA expression were analyzed by MTT assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, western blot and real-time PCR (RT-PCR), respectively. The methylation level of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) promoter was investigated by methylation-specific PCR. (MSP) . RESULTS COE effectively inhibited the H.pylori-induced inflammatory response by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The methylation level of PDCD4 promoter was suppressed by COE, which increased the expression ofPDCD4. Moreover, COE could inhibit microRNA-21 (miR-21) expression, as shown by an enhancement of its target gene PDCD4. Furthermore, both miR-21 over-expression and PDCD4 silencing attenuated the anti-inflammatory effect. of COE. CONCLUSIONS COE inhibits H. pylori induced inflammatory response through regulating EMT, correlating with inhibition of miR-21/PDCD4 signal pathways in gastric epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Zhu
- Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
| | - Lei Liu
- General Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
| | - Lei Hu
- Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
| | - Wenqing Dong
- Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Institute of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Ping Li
- Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
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10
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Peng W, Liu YN, Zhu SQ, Li WQ, Guo FC. The correlation of circulating pro-angiogenic miRNAs' expressions with disease risk, clinicopathological features, and survival profiles in gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3773-3791. [PMID: 30003708 PMCID: PMC6089172 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the correlation of circulating pro‐angiogenic miRNAs’ expressions with risk, clinicopathological features, and survival profiles in gastric cancer (GC). Three hundred and thirty‐three GC patients underwent radical resection and 117 health controls (HCs) were recruited for this study. Plasma samples were obtained from GC patients before the operation and from HCs after enrollment. Fourteen pro‐angiogenic miRNAs were asseassed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of GC patients were calculated and the median follow‐up duration was 36.0 months. Seven out of 14 pro‐angiogenic miRNAs including let‐7f, miR‐17‐5p, miR‐18a, miR‐19b‐1, miR‐20a, miR‐210, and miR‐296 were observed to be elevated in GC patients compared with HCs. MiR‐18a, miR‐20a, and miR‐210 disclosed good predictive values of GC risk. Six pro‐angiogenic miRNAs including miR‐17‐5p, miR‐92a, miR‐210, miR‐20a, miR‐18a, and miR‐296 expressions were positively while 1 pro‐angiogenic miRNA (miR‐130a) was negatively correlated with tumor malignancy degree in GC patients. K‐M curve disclosed that 5 pro‐angiogenic miRNAs including miR‐17‐5p, miR‐18a, miR‐20a, miR‐92a, and miR‐210 correlated with worse DFS, while 4 pro‐angiogenic miRNAs including miR‐17‐5p, miR‐18a, miR‐20a, and miR‐210 associated with shorter OS. Further multivariate Cox's analysis revealed that miR‐17‐5p, miR‐18a, miR‐20a, and miR‐210 were independent predictive factors for unfavorable DFS and OS. In conclusion, circulating pro‐angiogenic miRNAs could serve as novel noninvasive biomarkers for disease risk and malignancy degree, and miR‐17‐5p, miR‐18a, miR‐20a, and miR‐210 are independent factors predicting poor prognosis in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital Zhuhai Hospital (Zhuhai Golden Bay Center Hospital), Zhuhai, China
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital Zhuhai Hospital (Zhuhai Golden Bay Center Hospital), Zhuhai, China
| | - Si-Qiang Zhu
- Deparment of General Surgery, No. 211 Hospital of PLA, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital Zhuhai Hospital (Zhuhai Golden Bay Center Hospital), Zhuhai, China
| | - Feng-Cheng Guo
- Deparment of General Surgery, No. 211 Hospital of PLA, Harbin, China
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11
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Maachani UB, Tandle A, Shankavaram U, Kramp T, Camphausen K. Modulation of miR-21 signaling by MPS1 in human glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52912-52927. [PMID: 25991676 PMCID: PMC5288158 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1) is an essential spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) kinase involved in determining spindle integrity. Beyond its mitotic functions, it has been implicated in several other signaling pathways. Our earlier studies have elaborated on role of MPS1 in glioblastoma (GBM) radiosensitization. In this study using reverse phase protein arrays (RPPAs), we assessed MPS1 mediated cell signaling pathways and demonstrated that inhibiting MPS1 could upregulate the expression of the tumor suppressor PDCD4 and MSH2 genes, by down regulating micro RNA-21 (miR-21). In GBMs miR-21 expression is significantly elevated and is associated with chemo and radioresistance. Both MPS1 and miR-21 depletion suppressed GBM cell proliferation, whereas, ectopic expression of miR-21 rescued GBM cell growth from MPS1 inhibition. Further, we demonstrate that MPS1 mediates phosphorylation of SMAD3 but not SMAD2 in GBM cells; A possible mechanism behind miR-21 modulation by MPS1. Collectively, our results shed light onto an important role of MPS1 in TGF-β/SMAD signaling via miR-21 regulation. We also, show the prognostic effect of miR-21, PDCD4 and MSH2 levels to patient survival across different GBM molecular subtypes. This scenario in which miR-21 is modulated by MPS1 inhibition may be exploited as a potential target for effective GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday B Maachani
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anita Tandle
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tamalee Kramp
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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12
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Yan F, Wang C, Li T, Cai W, Sun J. Role of miR-21 in the growth and metastasis of human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4237-4244. [PMID: 29328455 PMCID: PMC5802195 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant microRNA (miRNA/miR) expression has been reported in various cancer types. miR-21, which is considered to be a proto-oncogene and is frequently overexpressed in certain cancer types, has been implicated in tumorigenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of miR-21 degradation on tumor progression and its potential mechanisms in human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) development. Results of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that SACC cells with high metastatic potential (SACC-LM cells) exhibited a significantly higher expression of miR-21 compared with SACC cells with a lower metastatic potential (SACC-83 cells). In addition, following transfection of SACC-LM cells with miR-21 inhibitor, cell viability was reduced, which may be a result of reduced cell proliferation and metastasis, and the induction of apoptosis, as determined by Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing, Matrigel invasion and flow cytometry assays. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis indicated that programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 are potential target genes of miR-21. Therefore, western blotting was performed to investigate the expression of these proteins, and the results demonstrated that miR-21 expression level was negatively associated with PDCD4 and PTEN protein expression, and positively associated with Bcl-2 protein expression, in SACC-LM cells, indicating that miR-21 may promote SACC progression via PDCD4, PTEN and Bcl-2. In conclusion, the present study indicates that miR-21 may be a novel target for SACC therapy and provide a novel basis for the clinical treatment of SACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Jinhu Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
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13
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Jiang LP, He CY, Zhu ZT. Role of microRNA-21 in radiosensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting PDCD4 gene. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23675-23689. [PMID: 28423589 PMCID: PMC5410336 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the effects of microRNA-21 (miR-21) on radiosensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by targeting programmed cell deanth 4 (PDCD4) and regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 97 NSCLC patients who received a standard radiotherapy regimen. TUNEL assay was applied to determine cell apoptosis in tissues. The qRT-PCR assay was used to detect the expressions of miR-21 expression and PDCD4 mRNA. The protein expressions of PDCD4 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins were determined by Western blotting. Colony formation assay was used to observe the sensitivity to radiotherapy of NSCLC cells. Flow cytometry was adopted to testify cell apoptosis. Compared with adjacent normal tissues, miR-21 expression was significantly increased and the mRNA and protein expressions of PDCD4 were decreased in NSCLC tissues. Higher miR-21 expression was associated with attenuated radiation efficacy and shorter median survival time. PDCD4 was the target gene of miR-21. The miR-21 mimics and siRNA-PDCD4 decreased the sensitivity to radiotherapy and cell apoptosis of A549 and H1299 cells and activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The sensitivity of A549 and H1299 cells was strengthened in the miR-21 inhibitors group and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors group. The siRNA-PDCD4 could reverse the effects of miR-21 inhibitors on sensitivity to radiotherapy and cell apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Our findings provide strong evidence that miR-21 could inhibit PDCD4 expression and activate PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby affecting the radiation sensitivity of NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Peng Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yan He
- Department of Prosthodontics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Tu Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, P.R. China
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14
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Yan Y, Wang R, Guan W, Qiao M, Wang L. Roles of microRNAs in cancer associated fibroblasts of gastric cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:730-736. [PMID: 28554761 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). They play critical roles in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer (GC) through controlling various cytokines secretion and direct cell-to-cell interaction. However, the underlying mechanism of CAFs in tumor progression has not been entirely elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as important factors have a central role in the interplay between tumor cell and TME. Recent studies also highlight that the aberrant expression of miRNAs in CAFs is involved in multiple functions in tumorigenesis and malignant process of GC. In this article, we shortly introduce the miRNAs biogenesis and provide an overview of the mechanisms and emerging roles of CAFs-related miRNAs. Focusing on these miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets may bring better treatment effect on GC and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Department of Pathology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ruifen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenbin Guan
- Department of Pathology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Meng Qiao
- Department of Pathology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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15
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Li JZH, Gao W, Ho WK, Lei WB, Wei WI, Chan JYW, Wong TS. The clinical association of programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) with solid tumors and its prognostic significance: a meta-analysis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2016; 35:95. [PMID: 27852288 PMCID: PMC5112731 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-016-0158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) is a novel tumor suppressor protein involved in programmed cell death. Its association with cancer progression has been observed in multiple tumor models, but evidence supporting its association with solid tumors in humans remains controversial. This study aimed to determine the clinical significance and prognostic value of PDCD4 in solid tumors. Methods A systematic literature review was performed to retrieve publications with available clinical information and survival data. The eligibility of the selected articles was based on the criteria of the Dutch Cochrane Centre proposed by the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology group. Pooled odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for survival analysis were calculated. Publication bias was examined by Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Results Clinical data of 2227 cancer patients with solid tumors from 23 studies were evaluated. PDCD4 expression was significantly associated with the differentiation status of head and neck cancer (OR 4.25, 95% CI 1.87–9.66) and digestive system cancer (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.84–4.48). Down-regulation of PDCD4 was significantly associated with short overall survival of patients with head and neck (HR: 3.44, 95% CI 2.38–4.98), breast (HR: 1.86, 95% CI 1.36–2.54), digestive system (HR: 2.12, 95% CI 1.75–2.56), and urinary system cancers (HR: 3.16, 95% CI 1.06–9.41). Conclusions The current evidence suggests that PDCD4 down-regulation is involved in the progression of several types of solid tumor and is a potential marker for solid tumor prognoses. Its clinical usefulness should be confirmed by large-scale prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Zeng Hong Li
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Wai-Kuen Ho
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Wen Bin Lei
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - William Ignace Wei
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jimmy Yu-Wai Chan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Thian-Sze Wong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China.
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16
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Yin K, Liu M, Zhang M, Wang F, Fen M, Liu Z, Yuan Y, Gao S, Yang L, Zhang W, Zhang J, Guo B, Xu J, Liang H, Chen X, Guan W. miR-208a-3p suppresses cell apoptosis by targeting PDCD4 in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:67321-67332. [PMID: 27634902 PMCID: PMC5341878 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is a novel tumor suppressor gene and a promising target for anticancer therapies. PDCD4 is frequently downregulated in various human cancers; however, the molecular mechanism accounting for the loss expression of PDCD4 in cancers is not fully understood. In this study, we identified specific targeting sites for miR-208a-3p in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the PDCD4 gene which regulated PDCD4 expression. We demonstrated that miR-208a-3p suppressed apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by targeting PDCD4. We also showed that miR-208a-3p promoted the development of tumor growth in xenograft mice by negatively regulating PDCD4. Taken together, this study revealed a critical role for miR-208a-3p as an oncogenic miRNA in gastric carcinogenesis and it may provide a potential novel target for gastric cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
- Department of General Surgery, Taixing Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical School, Taixing, Jiangsu 225400, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taixing Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical School, Taixing, Jiangsu 225400, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Min Fen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Zhijian Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yutao Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Shanting Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Baoliang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Taixing Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical School, Taixing, Jiangsu 225400, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
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17
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Duppel U, Woenckhaus M, Schulz C, Merk J, Dietmaier W. Quantitative detection of TUSC3 promoter methylation -a potential biomarker for prognosis in lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3004-3012. [PMID: 27698890 PMCID: PMC5038372 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant promoter methylation of tumor relevant genes frequently occurs in early steps of carcinogenesis and during tumor progression. Epigenetic alterations could be used as potential biomarkers for early detection and for prediction of prognosis and therapy response in lung cancer. The present study quantitatively analyzed the methylation status of known and potential gatekeeper and tumor suppressor genes [O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), Ras association domain family member 1A (RASSF1A), Ras protein activator like 1 (RASAL1), programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1) and tumor suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3)] in 42 lung cancers and in corresponding non-malignant bronchus and lung tissue using bisulfite-conversion independent methylation-quantification of endonuclease-resistant DNA (MethyQESD). Methylation status was associated with clinical and pathological parameters. No methylation was found in the promoter regions of PDCD4 and MTSS1 of either compartment. MGMT, RASSF1A and RASAL1 showed sporadic (up to 26.2%) promoter methylation. The promoter of TUSC3, however, was frequently methylated in the tumor (59.5%), benign bronchus (67.9%) and alveolar lung (31.0%) tissues from each tumor patient. The methylation status of TUSC3 was significantly associated with smaller tumor size (P=0.008) and a longer overall survival (P=0.013). Pooled blood DNA of healthy individuals did not show any methylation of either gene. Therefore, methylation of TUSC3 shows prognostic and pathobiological relevance in lung cancer. Furthermore, quantitative detection of TUSC3 promoter methylation appears to be a promising tool for early detection and prediction of prognosis in lung cancer. However, additional studies are required to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Duppel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | | | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Johannes Merk
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dietmaier
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
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18
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Mao XH, Chen M, Wang Y, Cui PG, Liu SB, Xu ZY. MicroRNA-21 regulates the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway to affect the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human melanoma A375 cells by targeting SPRY1, PDCD4, and PTEN. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:886-894. [PMID: 27533779 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the effects of microRNA-21 (miR-21) and ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway on human melanoma A375 cells. The melanoma tissues and adjacent normal tissues were obtained from 45 melanoma patients. qRT-PCR was conducted to quantify the expression of miR-21 and the gene mRNA expressions. Human melanoma A375 cells were divided into the Mock, negative control (NC), miR-21 inhibitors, miR-21 inhibitors + siRNA-SPRY1, miR-21 inhibitors + siRNA-PDCD4, and miR-21 inhibitors + siRNA-PTEN groups. Western blotting was used to determine protein expressions. CCK8 assay and Transwell assay were performed to evaluate the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A375 cells. Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining was adopted to detect cell apoptosis. MiR-21 expression was higher in melanoma tissues than in adjacent tissues, while the mRNA and protein expressions of SPRY1, PDCD4, and PTEN were lower in melanoma tissues than in adjacent tissues. Compared with the Mock and NC groups, the miR-21 inhibitors group exhibited increased expressions of SPRY1, PDCD4, and PTEN and decreased expressions of ERK, p-ERK, NF-κB p65, and p-NF-κB p65. After transfection of miR-21 inhibitors, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A375 cells were inhibited, while the apoptosis of A375 cells was promoted. However, the effects of miR-21 inhibitors on the growth, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of A375 cells were reversed after transfection of siRNA-SPRY1, siRNA-PDCD4, or siRNA-PTEN. MiR-21 can promote the proliferation, migration, and inhibit the apoptosis of human melanoma A375 cells by inhibiting SPRY1, PDCD4, and PTEN via ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Hua Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing People's Hospital, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Pan-Gen Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Si-Bian Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Zei-Yong Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
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19
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da Silva Oliveira KC, Thomaz Araújo TM, Albuquerque CI, Barata GA, Gigek CO, Leal MF, Wisnieski F, Rodrigues Mello Junior FA, Khayat AS, de Assumpção PP, Rodriguez Burbano RM, Smith MC, Calcagno DQ. Role of miRNAs and their potential to be useful as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7951-7962. [PMID: 27672290 PMCID: PMC5028809 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i35.7951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in epigenetic control of gene expression play an important role in many diseases, including gastric cancer. Many studies have identified a large number of upregulated oncogenic miRNAs and downregulated tumour-suppressor miRNAs in this type of cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of miRNAs, pointing to their potential to be useful as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers in gastric cancer. Moreover, we discuss the influence of polymorphisms and epigenetic modifications on miRNA activity.
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20
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Biersack B. Current state of phenolic and terpenoidal dietary factors and natural products as non-coding RNA/microRNA modulators for improved cancer therapy and prevention. Noncoding RNA Res 2016; 1:12-34. [PMID: 30159408 PMCID: PMC6096431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic regulation of cancer cells by small non-coding RNA molecules, the microRNAs (miRNAs), has raised particular interest in the field of oncology. These miRNAs play crucial roles concerning pathogenic properties of cancer cells and the sensitivity of cancer cells towards anticancer drugs. Certain miRNAs are responsible for an enhanced activity of drugs, while others lead to the formation of tumor resistance. In addition, miRNAs regulate survival and proliferation of cancer cells, in particular of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), that are especially drug-resistant and, thus, cause tumor relapse in many cases. Various small molecule compounds were discovered that target miRNAs that are known to modulate tumor aggressiveness and drug resistance. This review comprises the effects of naturally occurring small molecules (phenolic compounds and terpenoids) on miRNAs involved in cancer diseases.
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Key Words
- 1,25-D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
- 18-AGA, 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid
- 3,6-DHF, 3,6-dihydroxyflavone
- AKBA, 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid
- Anticancer drugs
- CAPE, caffeic acid phenethyl ester
- CDODA-Me, methyl 2-cyano-3,11-dioxo-18β-olean-1,12-dien-30-oate
- Dox, doxorubicin
- EGCG, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
- MicroRNA
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PPAP, polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol
- Polyphenols
- RA, retinoic acid
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TQ, thymoquinone
- Terpenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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21
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Di Girolamo D, Ambrosio R, De Stefano MA, Mancino G, Porcelli T, Luongo C, Di Cicco E, Scalia G, Vecchio LD, Colao A, Dlugosz AA, Missero C, Salvatore D, Dentice M. Reciprocal interplay between thyroid hormone and microRNA-21 regulates hedgehog pathway-driven skin tumorigenesis. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2308-20. [PMID: 27159391 DOI: 10.1172/jci84465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormone-inactivating (TH-inactivating) enzyme type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) is an oncofetal protein that is rarely expressed in adult life but has been shown to be reactivated in the context of proliferation and neoplasms. D3 terminates TH action within the tumor microenvironment, thereby enhancing cancer cell proliferation. However, the pathological role of D3 and the contribution of TH metabolism in cancer have yet to be fully explored. Here, we describe a reciprocal regulation between TH action and the cancer-associated microRNA-21 (miR21) in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) skin tumors. We found that, besides being negatively regulated by TH at the transcriptional level, miR21 attenuates the TH signal by increasing D3 levels. The ability of miR21 to positively regulate D3 was mediated by the tumor suppressor gene GRHL3, a hitherto unrecognized D3 transcriptional inhibitor. Finally, in a BCC mouse model, keratinocyte-specific D3 depletion markedly reduced tumor growth. Together, our results establish TH action as a critical hub of multiple oncogenic pathways and provide functional and mechanistic evidence of the involvement of TH metabolism in BCC tumorigenesis. Moreover, our results identify a miR21/GRHL3/D3 axis that reduces TH in the tumor microenvironment and has potential to be targeted as a therapeutic approach to BCC.
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Darnet S, Moreira FC, Hamoy IG, Burbano R, Khayat A, Cruz A, Magalhães L, Silva A, Santos S, Demachki S, Assumpção M, Assumpção P, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos Â. High-Throughput Sequencing of miRNAs Reveals a Tissue Signature in Gastric Cancer and Suggests Novel Potential Biomarkers. Bioinform Biol Insights 2015; 9:1-8. [PMID: 26157332 PMCID: PMC4485834 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide; however, the use of biomarkers for its clinical diagnosis remains limited. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are biomarkers with the potential to identify the risk and prognosis as well as therapeutic targets. We performed the ultradeep miRnomes sequencing of gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric antrum without tumor samples. We observed that a small set of those samples were responsible for approximately 80% of the total miRNAs expression, which might represent a miRNA tissue signature. Additionally, we identified seven miRNAs exhibiting significant differences, and, of these, hsa-miR-135b and hsa-miR-29c were able to discriminate antrum without tumor from gastric cancer regardless of the histological type. These findings were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed that hsa-miR-135b and hsa-miR-29c are potential gastric adenocarcinoma occurrence biomarkers with the ability to identify individuals at a higher risk of developing this cancer, and could even be used as therapeutic targets to allow individualized clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Darnet
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Fabiano C Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Área de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Centro Universitário do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Igor G Hamoy
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Campus de Capanema, PA, Brazil
| | - Rommel Burbano
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - André Khayat
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Aline Cruz
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Leandro Magalhães
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Sidney Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Samia Demachki
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Monica Assumpção
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Paulo Assumpção
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-Dos-Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Li Z, Yu X, Shen J, Chan MTV, Wu WKK. MicroRNA in intervertebral disc degeneration. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:278-83. [PMID: 25736871 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aetiology of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is complex, with genetic, developmental, biochemical and biomechanical factors contributing to the disease process. It is becoming obvious that epigenetic processes influence evolution of IDD as strongly as the genetic background. Deregulated phenotypes of nucleus pulposus cells, including differentiation, migration, proliferation and apoptosis, are involved in all stages of progression of human IDD. Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, have recently been recognized as important regulators of gene expression. Research into roles of microRNAs in IDD has been very active over the past 5 years. Our review summarizes current research enlightenment towards understanding roles of microRNAs in regulating nucleus pulposus cell functions in IDD. These exciting findings support the notion that specific modulation of microRNAs may represent an attractive approach for management of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100007, China
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24
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Calcagno DQ, de Arruda Cardoso Smith M, Burbano RR. Cancer type-specific epigenetic changes: gastric cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1238:79-101. [PMID: 25421656 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1804-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major cause of mortality despite declining rate in the world. Epigenetic alterations contribute significantly to the development and progression of gastric tumors. Epigenetic refers to the number of modifications of the chromatin structure that affect gene expression without altering the primary sequence of DNA, and these changes lead to transcriptional activation or silencing of the gene. Over the years, the study of epigenetic processes has increased, and novel therapeutic approaches have emerged. This chapter summarizes the main epigenomic mechanisms described recently involved in gastric carcinogenesis, focusing on the roles that aberrant DNA methylation, histone modifications (histone acetylation and methylation), and miRNAs (oncogenic and tumor suppressor function of miRNA) play in the onset and progression of gastric tumors. Clinical implications of these epigenetic alterations in GC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Queiroz Calcagno
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Guamá, CEP 66073-000 Belém, PA, Brazil,
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25
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MicroRNA-21 promotes cell growth and migration by targeting programmed cell death 4 gene in Kazakh's esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:232837. [PMID: 25400316 PMCID: PMC4221975 DOI: 10.1155/2014/232837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth most common cancer worldwide and the sixth most common cause of cancer death. There are two main types of EC--squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma (EAC). Although some advances in the exploration of its possible etiological mechanism were made recently including behaviors and environmental risk factors as well as gene alterations, the molecular mechanism underlying ESCC carcinogenesis and progression remains poorly understood. It has been reported that miR-21 was upregulated in most malignant cancers, the proposed mechanism of which was through suppressing expression of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4). In present study, it is firstly reported that miR-21 was upregulated in Kazakh's ESCC and that miR-21 played a negative role in regulating PDCD4 using in situ hybridization (ISH) and luciferase reporter approach. Morever, in model of ESCC xenografted nude mice, miR-21 maybe used as an effective target in the treatment. The present results demonstrated that miR-21 may be a potential therapeutic target in management of ESCC.
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26
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Wang Y, Cui M, Sun BD, Liu FB, Zhang XD, Ye LH. MiR-506 suppresses proliferation of hepatoma cells through targeting YAP mRNA 3'UTR. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1207-14. [PMID: 25087998 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM MiR-506 is a miRNA involved in carcinogenesis of several kinds of cancer. In this study, we explored whether miR-506 played a critical role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Twenty HCC and adjacent normal liver tissue samples were collected. Human hepatoma cell lines HepG2 and H7402 were used for in vitro studies. The expression of miR-506 and transcriptional co-activator YAP was examined using qRT-PCR. Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression of YAP and its target genes. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to identify YAP as a target gene of miR-506. MTT and EdU assays were carried out for functional analysis. RESULTS The expression of miR-506 was significantly lower in HCC than in adjacent normal liver tissues. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that YAP mRNA might be one of the targets of miR-506, and miR-506 in HCC tissues was found to be negatively correlated with YAP (r=-0.605). In both HepG2 and H7402 cells, miR-506 dose-dependently down-regulated YAP and its target genes c-Myc and the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Luciferase reporter gene assays demonstrated that miR-506 targeted the wild type 3'UTR of YAP mRNA, but not a 3'UTR with a mutant seed site. Furthermore, miR-506 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 and H7402 cells, while anti-miR-506 enhanced the cell proliferation, which was blocked by YAP siRNA. CONCLUSION MiR-506 suppresses the proliferation of hepatoma cells by targeting YAP mRNA.
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Regulation of microRNAs by natural agents: new strategies in cancer therapies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:804510. [PMID: 25254214 PMCID: PMC4165563 DOI: 10.1155/2014/804510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA which regulate gene expression by messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation or translation repression. The plethora of published reports in recent years demonstrated that they play fundamental roles in many biological processes, such as carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, programmed cell death, cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and differentiation by acting as tumour suppressor or oncogene, and aberrations in their expressions have been linked to onset and progression of various cancers. Furthermore, each miRNA is capable of regulating the expression of many genes, allowing them to simultaneously regulate multiple cellular signalling pathways. Hence, miRNAs have the potential to be used as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis as well as therapeutic targets. Recent studies have shown that natural agents such as curcumin, resveratrol, genistein, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, indole-3-carbinol, and 3,3′-diindolylmethane exert their antiproliferative and/or proapoptotic effects through the regulation of one or more miRNAs. Therefore, this review will look at the regulation of miRNAs by natural agents as a means to potentially enhance the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy through combinatorial therapies. It is hoped that this would provide new strategies in cancer therapies to improve overall response and survival outcome in cancer patients.
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Ishiguro H, Kimura M, Takeyama H. Role of microRNAs in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5694-5699. [PMID: 24914330 PMCID: PMC4024779 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i19.5694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death, major therapeutic advances have not been made, and patients with GC still face poor outcomes. The prognosis of GC also remains poor because the molecular mechanisms of GC progression are incompletely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that are associated with gastric carcinogenesis. Studies investigating the regulation of gene expression by miRNAs have made considerable progress in recent years, and abnormalities in miRNA expression have been shown to be associated with the occurrence and progression of GC. miRNAs contribute to gastric carcinogenesis by altering the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressors, affecting cell proliferation, apoptosis, motility, and invasion. Moreover, a number of miRNAs have been shown to be associated with tumor type, tumor stage, and patient survival and therefore may be developed as novel diagnostic or prognostic markers. In this review, we discuss the involvement of miRNAs in GC and the mechanisms through which they regulate gene expression and biological functions. Then, we review recent research on the involvement of miRNAs in GC prognosis, their potential use in chemotherapy, and their effects on Helicobacter pylori infections in GC. A greater understanding of the roles of miRNAs in gastric carcinogenesis could provide insights into the mechanisms of tumor development and could help to identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Tumor suppressor PDCD4 modulates miR-184-mediated direct suppression of C-MYC and BCL2 blocking cell growth and survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e872. [PMID: 24157866 PMCID: PMC3824685 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), a novel tumor suppressor, inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as promotes cell apoptosis in tumors. However, the molecular mechanism of its tumor-suppressive function remains largely unknown in tumors including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, downregulated PDCD4 expression was significantly associated with the status of NPC progression and poor prognosis. PDCD4 markedly suppressed the ability of cell proliferation and cell survival by modulating C-MYC-controlled cell cycle and BCL-2-mediated mitochondrion apoptosis resistance signals, and oncogenic transcription factor C-JUN in NPC. Furthermore, miR-184, a tumor-suppressive miRNA modulated by PDCD4 directly targeting BCL2 and C-MYC, participated in PDCD4-mediated suppression of cell proliferation and survival in NPC. Further, we found that PDCD4 decreased the binding of C-Jun to the AP-1 element on the miR-184 promoter regions by PI3K/AKT/JNK/C-Jun pathway and stimulated miR-184 expression. In clinical fresh specimens, reduced PDCD4 mRNA level was positively correlated with miR-184 expression in NPC. Our studies are the first to demonstrate that PDCD4 as tumor suppressor regulated miR-184-mediated direct targeting of BCL2 and C-MYC via PI3K/AKT and JNK/C-Jun pathway attenuating cell proliferation and survival in NPC.
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30
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Wang JL, Hu Y, Kong X, Wang ZH, Chen HY, Xu J, Fang JY. Candidate microRNA biomarkers in human gastric cancer: a systematic review and validation study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73683. [PMID: 24040025 PMCID: PMC3767766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and there is therefore a clear need to search for more sensitive early diagnostic biomarkers. We performed a systematic review of eight published miRNA profiling studies that compared GC tissues with adjacent noncancerous tissues. A miRNA ranking system was used that took the frequency of comparisons, direction of differential expression and total sample size into consideration. We identified five miRNAs that were most consistently reported to be upregulated (miR-21, miR-106b, miR-17, miR-18a and miR-20a) and two miRNAs that were downregulated (miR-378 and miR-638). Six of these were further validated in 32 paired sets of GC and adjacent noncancerous tissue samples using real-time PCR. MiR-21, miR-106b, miR-17, miR-18a and miR-20a were confirmed to be upregulatedin GC tissues, while the expression of miR-378 was decreased. Moreover, we found a significant association between expression levels of miR-21, miR-106b, miR-17, miR-18a and miR-20a and clinicopathological features of GC. These miRNAs may be used for diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers for GC and therefore warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Lin Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institution of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institution of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Kong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institution of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institution of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Yan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institution of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institution of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JX); (JF)
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institution of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JX); (JF)
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31
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Yin F, Liu X, Li D, Wang Q, Zhang W, Li L. Tumor suppressor genes associated with drug resistance in ovarian cancer (review). Oncol Rep 2013; 30:3-10. [PMID: 23660957 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a fatal gynecological cancer and a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The main limitation to a successful treatment for ovarian cancer is the development of drug resistance to combined chemotherapy. Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are wild-type alleles of genes which play regulatory roles in diverse cellular activities, and whose loss of function contributes to the development of cancer. It has been demonstrated that TSGs contribute to drug resistance in several types of solid tumors. However, an overview of the contribution of TSGs to drug resistance in ovarian cancer has not previously been reported. In this study, 15 TSGs responding to drug resistance in ovarian cancer were reviewed to determine the relationship of TSGs with ovarian cancer drug resistance. Furthermore, gene/protein-interaction and bio-association analysis were performed to demonstrate the associations of these TSGs and to mine the potential drug resistance-related genes in ovarian cancer. We observed that the 15 TSGs had close interactions with each other, suggesting that they may contribute to drug resistance in ovarian cancer as a group. Five pathways/processes consisting of DNA damage, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA binding and methylation may be the key ways with which TSGs participate in the regulation of drug resistance. In addition, ubiquitin C (UBC) and six additional TSGs including the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC), death associated protein kinase gene (DAPK), pleiomorphic adenoma gene-like 1 (PLAGL1), retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1), a gene encoding an apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (PYCARD/ASC) and tumor protein 63 (TP63), which had close interactions with the 15 TSGs, are potential drug resistance-related genes in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Yin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Abstract
Cancers of the oesophagus, gastro-oesophageal junction and stomach (upper gastrointestinal tract cancers; UGICs) pose a major health risk around the world. Collectively, the 5-year survival rate has remained <15%, and therapeutic improvements have been very slow and small. Novel molecules for early diagnosis, prognosis and therapy are, therefore, urgently needed. The role that microRNA (miRNA) molecules have in UGICs are worth pursuing to this end. miRNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate ∼60% of coding genes in humans and, therefore, are pivotal in mediating and regulating many physiologic processes. miRNAs are deregulated in many disease states, particularly in cancer, making them important targets. Here, we review the growing body of evidence regarding the alterations of miRNAs in UGICs. By suppressing translation and/or promoting degradation of mRNAs, miRNAs can contribute to carcinogenesis and progression of UGICs. In-depth studies of miRNAs in UGICs might yield novel insights and potential novel therapeutic strategies.
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Zhang YX, Yue Z, Wang PY, Li YJ, Xin JX, Pang M, Zheng QY, Xie SY. Cisplatin upregulates MSH2 expression by reducing miR-21 to inhibit A549 cell growth. Biomed Pharmacother 2012; 67:97-102. [PMID: 23485110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-21 can act as an oncogene. MSH2 has been reported that it involved in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system and overexpression of MSH2 can induce cell apoptosis. We predicted that MSH2-3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) was targeted by miR-21 using microRNA analysis softwares. To further explore the roles of miR-21 and MSH2 in A549 cells, we constructed pcDNA-GFP-msh-UTR vector (including MSH2-3'-UTR) to transfect A549 cells with miR-21, GFP positive cells were estimated under a fluorescence microscopy and by flow cytometry. We found miR-21 could obviously downregulate the expression of MSH2, which was further proved by western blotting. Moreover, we treated A549 cells with cisplatin and found that cisplatin could inhibit A549 cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We also found that cisplatin could downregulate miR-21 expression, while increase MSH2 expression in A549 cells. Our results demonstrated that cisplatin could upregulate the expression of MSH2 through downregulating miR-21 to inhibit A549 cell proliferation, which provides new gene targets for drug design or cancer therary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumour Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong, 264003, China
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Pennelli G, Fassan M, Mian C, Pizzi M, Balistreri M, Barollo S, Galuppini F, Guzzardo V, Pelizzo M, Rugge M. PDCD4 expression in thyroid neoplasia. Virchows Arch 2012; 462:95-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-012-1352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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35
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Gigek CO, Chen ES, Calcagno DQ, Wisnieski F, Burbano RR, Smith MAC. Epigenetic mechanisms in gastric cancer. Epigenomics 2012; 4:279-94. [PMID: 22690664 DOI: 10.2217/epi.12.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered one of the major health issues worldwide, and gastric cancer accounted for 8% of total cases and 10% of total deaths in 2008. Gastric cancer is considered an age-related disease, and the total number of newly diagnosed cases has been increasing as a result of the higher life expectancy. Therefore, the basic mechanisms underlying gastric tumorigenesis is worth investigation. This review provides an overview of the epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling complex and miRNA, involved in gastric cancer. As the studies in gastric cancer continue, the mapping of an epigenome code is not far for this disease. In conclusion, an epigenetic therapy might appear in the not too distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Oliveira Gigek
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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