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Volmer LL, Önder CE, Volz B, Singh AR, Brucker SY, Engler T, Hartkopf AD, Koch A. Microfluidic Isolation of Disseminated Tumor Cells from the Bone Marrow of Breast Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13930. [PMID: 37762233 PMCID: PMC10531360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow (BM) of breast cancer (BC) patients are putative precursors of metastatic disease, and their presence is associated with an adverse clinical outcome. To achieve the personalization of therapy on a clinical routine level, the characterization of DTCs and in vitro drug testing on DTCs are of great interest. Therefore, biobanking methods, as well as novel approaches to DTC isolation, need to be developed. In this study, we established a protocol for the biobanking of BM samples and evaluated a microfluidic-based separation system (Parsortix®) for the enrichment of cryopreserved DTCs. We were able to successfully isolate viable DTCs after the prior cryopreservation of BM samples. We calculated a significant increase of up to 90-fold in harvested DTCs with the proposed method compared to the current standard techniques, opening up new analysis possibilities for DTCs. Our advanced method further presents options for 3D DTC cultures, enabling the individualized testing of targeted therapies for BC patients. In conclusion, we present a novel approach for DTC enrichment, with possibilities for future clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa L. Volmer
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cansu E. Önder
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Volz
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anjali R. Singh
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Y. Brucker
- Department of Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Engler
- Department of Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas D. Hartkopf
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - André Koch
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Bayareh M. Active cell capturing for organ-on-a-chip systems: a review. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2022; 67:443-459. [PMID: 36062551 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2022-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is an emerging technology that has been proposed as a new powerful cell-based tool to imitate the pathophysiological environment of human organs. For most OOC systems, a pivotal step is to culture cells in microfluidic devices. In active cell capturing techniques, external actuators, such as electrokinetic, magnetic, acoustic, and optical forces, or a combination of these forces, can be applied to trap cells after ejecting cell suspension into the microchannel inlet. This review paper distinguishes the characteristics of biomaterials and evaluates microfluidic technology. Besides, various types of OOC and their fabrication techniques are reported and various active cell capture microstructures are analyzed. Furthermore, their constraints, challenges, and future perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Bayareh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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3
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Tsavlis D, Katopodi T, Anestakis D, Petanidis S, Charalampidis C, Chatzifotiou E, Eskitzis P, Zarogoulidis P, Porpodis K. Molecular and Immune Phenotypic Modifications during Metastatic Dissemination in Lung Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153626. [PMID: 35892884 PMCID: PMC9332629 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastatic cancer is a multifaceted complex disease. It is mainly characterized by a strong invasive potential, metastasis, resistance to therapy, and poor clinical prognosis. Although the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has substantially improved cancer treatment and therapy, there are many significant challenges to be addressed. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms used by metastatic or disseminating tumor cells (DTCs) in order to understand cancer progression to metastasis, and establish new strategies for novel therapeutic interventions. Abstract The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in the progression of lung tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. Recent data reveal that disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) appear to play a key role in the development and progression of lung neoplasiaby driving immune system dysfunction and established immunosuppression, which is vital for evading the host immune response. As a consequence, in this review we will discuss the role and function of DTCs in immune cell signaling routes which trigger drug resistance and immunosuppression. We will also discuss the metabolic biology of DTCs, their dormancy, and their plasticity, which are critical for metastasis and drive lung tumor progression. Furthermore, we will consider the crosstalk between DTCs and myeloid cells in tumor-related immunosuppression. Specifically, we will investigate the molecular immune-related mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment that lead to decreased drug sensitivity and tumor relapse, along with strategies for reversing drug resistance and targeting immunosuppressive tumor networks. Deciphering these molecular mechanisms is essential for preclinical and clinical investigations in order to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, a better understanding of these immune cell signaling pathways that drive immune surveillance, immune-driven inflammation, and tumor-related immunosuppression is necessary for future personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drosos Tsavlis
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Theodora Katopodi
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Doxakis Anestakis
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (D.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Savvas Petanidis
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-999-205; Fax: +30-2310-999-208
| | | | - Evmorfia Chatzifotiou
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medical Service of Thessaloniki, 57008 Diavata, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Eskitzis
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece;
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Porpodis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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4
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Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer Patients: A Balancing Act between Stemness, EMT Features and DNA Damage Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040997. [PMID: 35205744 PMCID: PMC8869884 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) traverse vessels to travel from the primary tumor to distant organs where they adhere, transmigrate, and seed metastases. To cope with these challenges, CTCs have reached maximal flexibility to change their differentiation status, morphology, migratory capacity, and their responses to genotoxic stress caused by metabolic changes, hormones, the inflammatory environment, or cytostatic treatment. A significant percentage of breast cancer cells are defective in homologous recombination repair and other mechanisms that protect the integrity of the replication fork. To prevent cell death caused by broken forks, alternative, mutagenic repair, and bypass pathways are engaged but these increase genomic instability. CTCs, arising from such breast tumors, are endowed with an even larger toolbox of escape mechanisms that can be switched on and off at different stages during their journey according to the stress stimulus. Accumulating evidence suggests that DNA damage responses, DNA repair, and replication are integral parts of a regulatory network orchestrating the plasticity of stemness features and transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal states in CTCs. This review summarizes the published information on these regulatory circuits of relevance for the design of biomarkers reflecting CTC functions in real-time to monitor therapeutic responses and detect evolving chemoresistance mechanisms.
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Pillai SG, Siddappa CM, Ma C, Snider J, Kaushal M, Watson MA, Aft R. A microfluidic-based filtration system to enrich for bone marrow disseminated tumor cells from breast cancer patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246139. [PMID: 33989287 PMCID: PMC8121342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disseminated tumors cells (DTCs) present in the bone marrow (BM) are believed to be the progenitors of distant metastatic spread, a major cause of mortality in breast cancer patients. To better understand the behavior and therapeutic vulnerabilities of these rare cell populations, unbiased methods for selective cell enrichment are required. In this study, we have evaluated a microfluidic-based filtration system (ParsortixR, Angle PLC), previously demonstrated for use in circulating tumor cell (CTC) capture, to capture BM DTCs. Performance using BM samples was also compared directly to enrichment of CTCs in the peripheral blood (PB) from both metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancer patients. Although the non-specific capture of BM immune cells was significant, the device could routinely achieve significant cytoreduction of BM and PB WBCs and at least 1,000-fold enrichment of DTCs, based on labeled tumor cell spike-in experiments. Detection of previously characterized DTC-associated gene expression biomarkers was greatly enhanced by the enrichment method, as demonstrated by droplet digital PCR assay. Cells eluted from the device were viable and suitable for single cell RNA sequencing experiments. DTCs in enriched BM samples comprised up to 5% of the total cell population, allowing for effective single cell and population-based transcriptional profiling of these rare cells. Use of the Parsortix instrument will be an effective approach to enrich for rare BM DTCs in order to better understand their diverse molecular phenotypes and develop approaches to eradicate these cells to prevent distant disease development in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeraj G. Pillai
- Dept. of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Chidananda M. Siddappa
- Dept. of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Ma
- Dept. of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Jackie Snider
- Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Madhurima Kaushal
- Institute of Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Watson
- Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Aft
- Dept. of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- John Cochran Veterans Administration Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
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6
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The Role of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer and Implications for Radiation Treatment Decisions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 109:44-59. [PMID: 32882354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers are used routinely in oncology to assign risk categorization, screen and assist in diagnosis of malignancy, allow for prognostication and prediction of outcomes and treatment response, and allow for monitoring of patients after treatment completion. Although tissue-based biomarkers have a long history of use, the emergence of liquid-based biomarkers, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), may soon revolutionize the management of patients with cancer. Here, we review the discovery of CTCs and their role as prognostic and predictive biomarkers, with an emphasis on breast cancer. We discuss the platforms for CTC enumeration and focus on studies using the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved platform for CTC enumeration (CellSearch). In addition, we examine the role of CTCs in women with metastatic, inflammatory, and nonmetastatic breast cancer, as well as the clinical evidence for their use as a surrogate for radiation treatment response as well as surveillance after treatment. Finally, we conclude by investigating ongoing clinical studies assessing CTCs as radiation response predictors and discuss unanswered questions.
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7
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Wu C, Zhang J, Li H, Xu W, Zhang X. The potential of liquid biopsies in gastrointestinal cancer. Clin Biochem 2020; 84:1-12. [PMID: 32540214 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid biopsy is a novel approach for cancer diagnosis, the value of which in human gastrointestinal (GI) cancer has been confirmed by the previous studies. This article summarized the recent advances in liquid biopsy with a focus on novel technologies and the use of it in the screening, monitoring, and treatment of human GI cancer. CONTENT The concept of liquid biopsy was first used to define the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in cancer patients, and has been expanded to other biomarkers in blood and body fluids, such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), extracellular vesicles (EVs) and circulating tumor RNA. If analyzed with proper and advanced techniques like next generation sequencing (NGS) or proteomics, liquid biopsies can open an enormous array of potential biomarkers. The amount changes of target biomarkers and the mutation of genetic materials provide quantitative and qualitative information, which can be utilized clinically for cancer diagnosis and disease monitoring. SUMMARY As a highly efficient, minimally invasive, and cost-effective approach to diagnose and evaluate prognosis of GI cancer, liquid biopsy has lots of advantages over traditional biopsy and is promising in future clinical utility. If the challenges are overcome in the near future, liquid biopsy will become a widely available and dependable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jiayin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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Li QH, Liu ZZ, Ge YΝ, Liu X, Xie XD, Zheng ZD, Ma YH, Liu B. Small breast epithelial mucin promotes the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells via promoting epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:509-518. [PMID: 32627029 PMCID: PMC7336452 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to observe the influence of the small breast epithelial mucin (MUCL1) (also known as SBEM) gene on migration and invasion ability of breast cancer cells and to explore the potentially involved mechanism. SBEM‑interference plasmid and SBEM‑overexpressing plasmid were constructed. SBEM‑knockdown or SBEM‑overexpressing MCF‑7 and MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cells were established by lentivirus‑mediated stable transfection method. The scratch wound‑healing assay and Transwell chamber experiment were used to detect the influence of the SBEM gene on the migration and invasion abilities of MCF‑7 and MDA‑MB‑231 cells. Real‑time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and western blotting were used to detect the expression of epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT)‑related markers and regulators. The cell morphology was observed after transfection. The SBEM‑knockdown or SBEM‑overexpressing MCF‑7 and MDA‑MB‑231 cells were established successfully. The migration and invasion abilities were decreased after SBEM was downregulated, and were increased after SBEM was overexpressed both in MCF‑7 and MDA‑MB‑231 cell lines. The mRNA and protein expressions of N‑cadherin, Twist and vimentin were elevated following SBEM overexpression, while the expression of E‑cadherin and claudin‑1 were found to be decreased following SBEM overexpression. In conclusion, SBEM has the potential to promote migration and invasion ability of breast cancer cells via promoting epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Hua Li
- Oncology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Zhe Liu
- Oncology Department, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Νan Ge
- Oncology Department, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Xing Liu
- Oncology Department, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Xie
- Oncology Department, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Dong Zheng
- Oncology Department, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Hai Ma
- Oncology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
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Impact of Breast Surgery in Primary Metastasized Breast Cancer: Outcomes of the Prospective Randomized Phase III ABCSG-28 POSYTIVE Trial. Ann Surg 2020; 269:1163-1169. [PMID: 31082916 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conflicting evidence exists regarding the value of surgical resection of the primary in stage IV breast cancer patients. OBJECTIVE The prospective randomized phase III ABCSG-28 POSYTIVE trial evaluated median survival comparing primary surgery followed by systemic therapy to primary systemic therapy in de novo stage IV breast cancer. METHODS Between 2011 and 2015, 90 previously untreated stage IV breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to surgical resection of the primary tumor followed by systemic therapy (Arm A) or primary systemic therapy (Arm B) in Austria. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the primary study endpoint. RESULTS The trial was stopped early due to poor recruitment. Ninety patients (45 arm A, 45 arm B) were included; median follow-up was 37.5 months. Patients in the surgery arm had more cT3 breast cancer (22.2% vs 6.7%) and more cN2 staging (15.6% vs 4.4%). Both groups were well balanced with respect to the type of first-line systemic treatment. Median survival in arm A was 34.6 months, versus 54.8 months in the nonsurgery arm [hazard ratio (HR) 0.691, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.358-1.333; P = 0.267]; time to distant progression was 13.9 months in the surgery arm and 29.0 months in the nonsurgery arm (HR 0.598, 95% CI 0.343-1.043; P = 0.0668). CONCLUSION The prospective phase III trial ABCSG-28 (POSYTIVE) could not demonstrate an OS benefit for surgical resection of the primary in breast cancer patients presenting with de novo stage IV disease.
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Siddappa CM, Pillai SG, Snider J, Alldredge P, Trinkaus K, Watson MA, Aft R. Gene expression analysis to detect disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow of triple-negative breast cancer patients predicts metastatic relapse. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 178:317-325. [PMID: 31432366 PMCID: PMC6797655 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the BM of breast cancer patients predict early disease relapse, but the molecular heterogeneity of these cells is less well characterized. Expression of a 46-gene panel was used to detect DTCs and classify patient BM samples to determine whether a composite set of biomarkers could better predict metastatic relapse. Methods Using a high-throughput qRT-PCR assay platform, BM specimens collected from 70 breast cancer patients prior to neoadjuvant therapy were analyzed for the expression of 46 gene transcripts. Gene expression was scored positive (detectable) relative to a reference pool of 16 healthy female control BM specimens. To validate findings from a subset of 28 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients in the initial 70 patient cohort, an independent set of pre-therapeutic BM specimens from 16 TNBC patients was analyzed. Results Expression of each of the 46 gene transcripts was highly variable between patients. Individual gene expression was detected in 0–84% of BM specimens analyzed and all but two patient BM specimens expressed at least one transcript. Among a subset of 28 patients with TNBC, positivity of one or more of eight transcripts correlated with time to distant relapse (p = 0.03). In an independent set of 16 triple-negative patient BM samples, detection of five of these same eight gene transcripts also correlated with time to distant relapse (p = 0.03) with a positive predictive value of 89%. Conclusions We identified a set of gene transcripts whose detection in the BM of TNBC patients, prior to any treatment intervention, predicts time to first distant relapse, thus identifying a TNBC patient population which requires additional treatment intervention. Because these genes are presumably expressed in populations of DTCs and many encode proteins that are known therapeutic targets (e.g., ERBB2), these results also suggest a potential approach for targeted DTC therapy to mitigate distant metastases in TNBC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10549-019-05405-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidananda M Siddappa
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8109, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sreeraj G Pillai
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8109, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jackie Snider
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patsy Alldredge
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathyrn Trinkaus
- Division of Public Health Science, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark A Watson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca Aft
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8109, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,John Cochran Veterans Administration Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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11
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Liquid biopsy for predictive mutational profiling of solid cancer: The pathologist’s perspective. J Biotechnol 2019; 297:66-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Thery L, Meddis A, Cabel L, Proudhon C, Latouche A, Pierga JY, Bidard FC. Circulating Tumor Cells in Early Breast Cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2019; 3:pkz026. [PMID: 31360902 PMCID: PMC6649836 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are particularly rare in non-metastatic breast cancer, and the clinical validity of CTC detection in that clinical setting was initially not well recognized. A cytological CTC detection device (CellSearch) fulfilling the CLIA requirements for analytical validity was subsequently developed and, in 2008, we reported the first study (REMAGUS02) showing that distant metastasis-free survival was shorter in early breast cancer patients with one or more CTCs. In the past 10 years, other clinical studies and meta-analyses have established CTC detection as a level-of-evidence 1 prognostic biomarker for local relapses, distant relapses, and overall survival. This review summarizes available data on CTC detection and the promises of this proliferation- and subtype-independent metastasis-associated biomarker in early breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Thery
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris and Saint Cloud, France
| | | | - Luc Cabel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris and Saint Cloud, France.,Circulating Tumor Biomarkers Laboratory, Institut Curie, Inserm CIC 1428, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,UVSQ, Paris Saclay University, Saint Cloud, France
| | - Charlotte Proudhon
- Circulating Tumor Biomarkers Laboratory, Institut Curie, Inserm CIC 1428, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Aurelien Latouche
- Inserm U900, Institut Curie, Saint Cloud, France.,Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Pierga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris and Saint Cloud, France.,Circulating Tumor Biomarkers Laboratory, Institut Curie, Inserm CIC 1428, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Francois-Clement Bidard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris and Saint Cloud, France.,Circulating Tumor Biomarkers Laboratory, Institut Curie, Inserm CIC 1428, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,UVSQ, Paris Saclay University, Saint Cloud, France
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13
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Sai B, Xiang J. Disseminated tumour cells in bone marrow are the source of cancer relapse after therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5776-5786. [PMID: 30255991 PMCID: PMC6237612 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that cancer cells spread much earlier than was previously believed. Recent technological advances have greatly improved the detection methods of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), suggesting that the dissemination of cancer cells into the circulation occurs randomly. Most CTCs die in circulation as a result of shear stress and/or anoikis. However, the persistence of disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow is the result of interaction of DTCs with bone marrow microenvironment. DTCs in the bone marrow undergo successive clonal expansions and a parallel progression that leads to new variants. Compared to the CTCs, DTCs in the bone marrow have a unique signature, which displayed dormant, mesenchymal phenotype and osteoblast-like or osteoclast-like phenotype. The persistence of DTCs in the bone marrow is always related to minimal residual diseases (MRDs). This review outlines the difference between CTCs and DTCs in the bone marrow and describes how this difference affects the clinical values of CTCs and DTCs, such as metastasis and recurrence. We suggest that DTCs remaining in the bone marrow after therapy can be used as a superior marker in comparison with CTCs to define patients with an unfavourable prognosis and may therefore be a potential prognostic factor and therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buqing Sai
- Hunan Cancer HospitalThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Cancer Research InstituteSchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of HealthXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Juanjuan Xiang
- Hunan Cancer HospitalThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Cancer Research InstituteSchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of HealthXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and CancerChangshaHunanChina
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14
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Recent advances and perspectives on capture and concentration of label-free rare cells for biomedical science and engineering research. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Luo YT, Cheng J, Feng X, He SJ, Wang YW, Huang Q. The viable circulating tumor cells with cancer stem cells feature, where is the way out? J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:38. [PMID: 29482576 PMCID: PMC5828305 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With cancer stem cells (CSCs) became the research hotspot, emerging studies attempt to reveal the functions of these special subsets in tumorigenesis. Although various approaches have been used in CSCs researches, only a few could really reflect or simulate the microenvironment in vivo. At present, CSCs theories are still difficult to apply for clinical remedy because CSCs subpopulations are always hard to identify and trace. Thus an ideal approach for clinicians and researchers is urgently needed. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), as the method of noninvasive-liquid biopsy, could be detected in the peripheral blood (PB) from many tumors and even could be treated as procurators for CSCs deeper researches from patient-derived sample. However, CTCs, as a diagnostic marker, also raise much controversy over theirs clinical value. Mechanisms causing CTCs to shed from the tumor have not been fully characterized, thus it is unclear whether CTCs represent the entire makeup of cancer cells in the tumor or only a subset. The heterogeneity of CTCs also caused different clinical outcomes. To overcome these unsolved problems, recently, CTC researches are not just depend on enumerations, whereas those CTC subsets that could expand in vitro may play a pivotal role in the metastatic cascade. Here, we retrospect the CTC developmental history and discourse upon the enrichment of viable CTCs in functional assays, probe the further avenue at the crossroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Luo
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - J Cheng
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - X Feng
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - S J He
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Y W Wang
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Q Huang
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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16
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Correnti M, Raggi C. Stem-like plasticity and heterogeneity of circulating tumor cells: current status and prospect challenges in liver cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7094-7115. [PMID: 27738343 PMCID: PMC5351693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor prognosis and high recurrence remain leading causes of primary liver cancerassociated mortality. The spread of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood plays a major role in the initiation of metastasis and tumor recurrence after surgery. Nevertheless, only a subset of CTCs can survive, migrate to distant sites and establish secondary tumors. Consistent with cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, stem-like CTCs might represent a potential source for cancer relapse and distant metastasis. Thus, identification of stem-like metastasis-initiating CTC-subset may provide useful clinically prognostic information. This review will emphasize the most relevant findings of CTCs in the context of stem-like biology associated to liver carcinogenesis. In this view, the emerging field of stem-like CTCs may deliver substantial contribution in liver cancer field in order to move to personalized approaches for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Correnti
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
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17
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Pillai SG, Zhu P, Siddappa CM, Adams DL, Li S, Makarova OV, Amstutz P, Nunley R, Tang CM, Watson MA, Aft RL. Enrichment and Molecular Analysis of Breast Cancer Disseminated Tumor Cells from Bone Marrow Using Microfiltration. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170761. [PMID: 28129357 PMCID: PMC5271341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Molecular characterization of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow (BM) of breast cancer (BC) patients has been hindered by their rarity. To enrich for these cells using an antigen-independent methodology, we have evaluated a size-based microfiltration device in combination with several downstream biomarker assays. Methods BM aspirates were collected from healthy volunteers or BC patients. Healthy BM was mixed with a specified number of BC cells to calculate recovery and fold enrichment by microfiltration. Specimens were pre-filtered using a 70 μm mesh sieve and the effluent filtered through CellSieve microfilters. Captured cells were analyzed by immunocytochemistry (ICC), FISH for HER-2/neu gene amplification status, and RNA in situ hybridization (RISH). Cells eluted from the filter were used for RNA isolation and subsequent qRT-PCR analysis for DTC biomarker gene expression. Results Filtering an average of 14×106 nucleated BM cells yielded approximately 17–21×103 residual BM cells. In the BC cell spiking experiments, an average of 87% (range 84–92%) of tumor cells were recovered with approximately 170- to 400-fold enrichment. Captured BC cells from patients co-stained for cytokeratin and EpCAM, but not CD45 by ICC. RNA yields from 4 ml of patient BM after filtration averaged 135ng per 10 million BM cells filtered with an average RNA Integrity Number (RIN) of 5.3. DTC-associated gene expression was detected by both qRT-PCR and RISH in filtered spiked or BC patient specimens but, not in control filtered normal BM. Conclusions We have tested a microfiltration technique for enrichment of BM DTCs. DTC capture efficiency was shown to range from 84.3% to 92.1% with up to 400-fold enrichment using model BC cell lines. In patients, recovered DTCs can be identified and distinguished from normal BM cells using multiple antibody-, DNA-, and RNA-based biomarker assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeraj G. Pillai
- Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. of Surgery, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Peixuan Zhu
- Creatv MicroTech, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chidananda M. Siddappa
- Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. of Surgery, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Adams
- Creatv MicroTech, Inc., Monmouth Junction, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Shuhong Li
- Creatv MicroTech, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Olga V. Makarova
- Creatv MicroTech, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Pete Amstutz
- Creatv MicroTech, Inc., Potomac, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ryan Nunley
- Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Cha-Mei Tang
- Creatv MicroTech, Inc., Potomac, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Watson
- Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. Aft
- Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. of Surgery, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- John Cochran Veterans Administration Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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