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Li J, Ding X, Yan W, Liu K, Ye W, Wang H, Wang L. Tumor-Derived Immunoglobulin-Like Transcript 4 Promotes Postoperative Relapse via Inducing Vasculogenic Mimicry through MAPK/ERK Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00329-8. [PMID: 39233275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Conventional anti-angiogenesis drugs are usually unsatisfactory in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. Therefore, it is urgent to find new precise therapeutic targets and to further develop more effective drugs for the treatment of HCC. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is different from classic endothelium-dependent angiogenesis and is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with malignant tumor. However, the mechanism underlying VM is complex and not fully defined. Ig-like transcript (ILT)-4, as a negative regulator of immune response, was recently found to be expressed in many solid tumors. However, whether and how ILT4 regulates VM remains unclear. This study found VM enriched in HCC tissues, especially in tissues from patients with relapse within 5 years after surgery. Similarly, ILT4 expression level was also higher in HCC tissues from patients with relapse within 5 years after surgery. Linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between the expression of ILT4 and VM density. Furthermore, Overexpression/knockdown of ILT4 expression upregulated/down-regulated VM-related marker, three-dimensional tube formation, and migration and invasion in HCC cell lines in vitro. In mechanistic studies, ILT4 promoted VM formation via MAPK/ERK signaling. This study provides a rationale and mechanism for ILT4-mediated postoperative relapse via inducing VM in HCC. The related molecular pathways can be used as novel therapeutic targets for the inhibition of HCC angiogenesis and postoperative relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Li
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Ding
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanping Yan
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Wang
- General Family Medicine, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lili Wang
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Senk A, Fazzari J, Djonov V. Vascular mimicry in zebrafish fin regeneration: how macrophages build new blood vessels. Angiogenesis 2024; 27:397-410. [PMID: 38546923 PMCID: PMC11303510 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09914-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Vascular mimicry has been thoroughly investigated in tumor angiogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that a process closely resembling tumor vascular mimicry is present during physiological blood vessel formation in tissue regeneration using the zebrafish fin regeneration assay. At the fin-regenerating front, vasculature is formed by mosaic blood vessels with endothelial-like cells possessing the morphological phenotype of a macrophage and co-expressing both endothelial and macrophage markers within single cells. Our data demonstrate that the vascular segments of the regenerating tissue expand, in part, through the transformation of adjacent macrophages into endothelial-like cells, forming functional, perfused channels and contributing to the de novo formation of microvasculature. Inhibiting the formation of tubular vascular-like structures by CVM-1118 prevents vascular mimicry and network formation resulting in a 70% shorter regeneration area with 60% reduced vessel growth and a complete absence of any signs of regeneration in half of the fin area. Additionally, this is associated with a significant reduction in macrophages. Furthermore, depleting macrophages using macrophage inhibitor PLX-3397, results in impaired tissue regeneration and blood vessel formation, namely a reduction in the regeneration area and vessel network by 75% in comparison to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Senk
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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3
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Shevchenko JA, Nazarov KV, Alshevskaya AA, Sennikov SV. Erythroid Cells as Full Participants in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15141. [PMID: 37894821 PMCID: PMC10606658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is an important factor that can determine the success or failure of antitumor therapy. Cells of hematopoietic origin are one of the most important mediators of the tumor-host interaction and, depending on the cell type and functional state, exert pro- or antitumor effects in the tumor microenvironment or in adjacent tissues. Erythroid cells can be full members of the tumor microenvironment and exhibit immunoregulatory properties. Tumor growth is accompanied by the need to obtain growth factors and oxygen, which stimulates the appearance of the foci of extramedullary erythropoiesis. Tumor cells create conditions to maintain the long-term proliferation and viability of erythroid cells. In turn, tumor erythroid cells have a number of mechanisms to suppress the antitumor immune response. This review considers current data on the existence of erythroid cells in the tumor microenvironment, formation of angiogenic clusters, and creation of optimal conditions for tumor growth. Despite being the most important life-support function of the body, erythroid cells support tumor growth and do not work against it. The study of various signaling mechanisms linking tumor growth with the mobilization of erythroid cells and the phenotypic and functional differences between erythroid cells of different origin allows us to identify potential targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Shevchenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (J.A.S.); (K.V.N.)
- Laboratory of Immune Engineering, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Kirill V. Nazarov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (J.A.S.); (K.V.N.)
| | - Alina A. Alshevskaya
- Laboratory of Immune Engineering, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey V. Sennikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (J.A.S.); (K.V.N.)
- Laboratory of Immune Engineering, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia;
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4
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Yang Z, Wang Z, Wu L, Wang Y, Xu Z, Liu Y, Wang F, Yu D. B lymphocytes transdifferentiate into immunosuppressive erythroblast-like cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1202943. [PMID: 37545522 PMCID: PMC10401433 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1202943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that a particular group of nucleated cells that exhibit erythroid markers (TER119 in mice and CD235a in humans) possess the ability to suppress the immune system and promote tumor growth. These cells are known as CD45+ erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs). According to our study, it appears that a subset of these CD45+ EPCs originate from B lymphocytes. Under conditions of hypoxia, mouse B lymphoma cells are capable of converting to erythroblast-like cells, which display phenotypes of CD45+TER119+ cells, including immunosuppressive effects on CD8 T cells. Furthermore, non-neoplastic B cells have similar differentiation abilities and exert the same immunosuppressive effect under anemia or tumor conditions in mice. Similar B cells exist in neonatal mice, which provides an explanation for the potential origin of immunosuppressive erythroid cells in newborns. Additionally, CD19+CD235a+ double-positive cells can be identified in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. These findings indicate that some CD45+ EPCs are transdifferentiated from a selective population of CD19+ B lymphocytes in response to environmental stresses, highlighting the plasticity of B lymphocytes. We anticipate a potential therapeutic implication, in that targeting a specific set of B cells instead of erythroid cells should be expected to restore adaptive immunity and delay cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Pathology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, Yangzhou University Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Duonan Yu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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5
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Moein S, Ahmadbeigi N, Adibi R, Kamali S, Moradzadeh K, Nematollahi P, Nardi NB, Gheisari Y. Regenerative potential of multinucleated cells: bone marrow adiponectin-positive multinucleated cells take the lead. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:173. [PMID: 37403181 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03400-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyploid cells can be found in a wide evolutionary spectrum of organisms. These cells are assumed to be involved in tissue regeneration and resistance to stressors. Although the appearance of large multinucleated cells (LMCs) in long-term culture of bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal cells has been reported, the presence and characteristics of such cells in native BM and their putative role in BM reconstitution following injury have not been fully investigated. METHODS BM-derived LMCs were explored by time-lapse microscopy from the first hours post-isolation to assess their colony formation and plasticity. In addition, sub-lethally irradiated mice were killed every other day for four weeks to investigate the histopathological processes during BM regeneration. Moreover, LMCs from GFP transgenic mice were transplanted to BM-ablated recipients to evaluate their contribution to tissue reconstruction. RESULTS BM-isolated LMCs produced mononucleated cells with characteristics of mesenchymal stromal cells. Time-series inspections of BM sections following irradiation revealed that LMCs are highly resistant to injury and originate mononucleated cells which reconstitute the tissue. The regeneration process was synchronized with a transient augmentation of adipocytes suggesting their contribution to tissue repair. Additionally, LMCs were found to be adiponectin positive linking the observations on multinucleation and adipogenesis to BM regeneration. Notably, transplantation of LMCs to myeloablated recipients could reconstitute both the hematopoietic system and BM stroma. CONCLUSIONS A population of resistant multinucleated cells reside in the BM that serves as the common origin of stromal and hematopoietic lineages with a key role in tissue regeneration. Furthermore, this study underscores the contribution of adipocytes in BM reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Moein
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadbeigi
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Adibi
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Kamali
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Kobra Moradzadeh
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Nematollahi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nance Beyer Nardi
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul, Av Princesa Isabel 370, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-001, Brazil
| | - Yousof Gheisari
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran.
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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6
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Casotti MC, Meira DD, Zetum ASS, de Araújo BC, da Silva DRC, dos Santos EDVW, Garcia FM, de Paula F, Santana GM, Louro LS, Alves LNR, Braga RFR, Trabach RSDR, Bernardes SS, Louro TES, Chiela ECF, Lenz G, de Carvalho EF, Louro ID. Computational Biology Helps Understand How Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells Drive Tumor Success. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:801. [PMID: 37107559 PMCID: PMC10137723 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision and organization govern the cell cycle, ensuring normal proliferation. However, some cells may undergo abnormal cell divisions (neosis) or variations of mitotic cycles (endopolyploidy). Consequently, the formation of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), critical for tumor survival, resistance, and immortalization, can occur. Newly formed cells end up accessing numerous multicellular and unicellular programs that enable metastasis, drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and self-renewal or diverse clone formation. An integrative literature review was carried out, searching articles in several sites, including: PUBMED, NCBI-PMC, and Google Academic, published in English, indexed in referenced databases and without a publication time filter, but prioritizing articles from the last 3 years, to answer the following questions: (i) "What is the current knowledge about polyploidy in tumors?"; (ii) "What are the applications of computational studies for the understanding of cancer polyploidy?"; and (iii) "How do PGCCs contribute to tumorigenesis?"
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Correia Casotti
- Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; (M.C.C.)
| | - Débora Dummer Meira
- Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; (M.C.C.)
| | - Aléxia Stefani Siqueira Zetum
- Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; (M.C.C.)
| | - Bruno Cancian de Araújo
- Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; (M.C.C.)
| | - Danielle Ribeiro Campos da Silva
- Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; (M.C.C.)
| | | | - Fernanda Mariano Garcia
- Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; (M.C.C.)
| | - Flávia de Paula
- Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; (M.C.C.)
| | - Gabriel Mendonça Santana
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29090-040, Brazil
| | - Luana Santos Louro
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29090-040, Brazil
| | - Lyvia Neves Rebello Alves
- Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; (M.C.C.)
| | - Raquel Furlani Rocon Braga
- Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; (M.C.C.)
| | - Raquel Silva dos Reis Trabach
- Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; (M.C.C.)
| | - Sara Santos Bernardes
- Departamento de Patologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thomas Erik Santos Louro
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM), Vitória 29027-502, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cremonese Filippi Chiela
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Serviço de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Guido Lenz
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
- Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Elizeu Fagundes de Carvalho
- Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Iúri Drumond Louro
- Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; (M.C.C.)
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Zhou X, Zhou M, Zheng M, Tian S, Yang X, Ning Y, Li Y, Zhang S. Polyploid giant cancer cells and cancer progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1017588. [PMID: 36274852 PMCID: PMC9581214 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1017588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) are an important feature of cellular atypia, the detailed mechanisms of their formation and function remain unclear. PGCCs were previously thought to be derived from repeated mitosis/cytokinesis failure, with no intrinsic ability to proliferate and divide. However, recently, PGCCs have been confirmed to have cancer stem cell (CSC)-like characteristics, and generate progeny cells through asymmetric division, which express epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related markers to promote invasion and migration. The formation of PGCCs can be attributed to multiple stimulating factors, including hypoxia, chemotherapeutic reagents, and radiation, can induce the formation of PGCCs, by regulating the cell cycle and cell fusion-related protein expression. The properties of CSCs suggest that PGCCs can be induced to differentiate into non-tumor cells, and produce erythrocytes composed of embryonic hemoglobin, which have a high affinity for oxygen, and thereby allow PGCCs survival from the severe hypoxia. The number of PGCCs is associated with metastasis, chemoradiotherapy resistance, and recurrence of malignant tumors. Targeting relevant proteins or signaling pathways related with the formation and transdifferentiation of adipose tissue and cartilage in PGCCs may provide new strategies for solid tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhou
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingming Zhou
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shifeng Tian
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yidi Ning
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Shiwu Zhang,
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8
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Hu H, Ma T, Liu N, Hong H, Yu L, Lyu D, Meng X, Wang B, Jiang X. Immunotherapy checkpoints in ovarian cancer vasculogenic mimicry: Tumor immune microenvironments, and drugs. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109116. [PMID: 35969899 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), a vessel-like structure independent of endothelial cells, commonly exists in solid tumors which requires blood vessels to grow. As a special source of blood supply for tumor progression to a more aggressive state, VM has been observed in a variety of human malignant tumors and is tightly associated with tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and poor patient prognosis. So far, various factors, including immune cells and cytokines, were reported to regulate ovarian cancer progression by influencing VM formation. Herein, we review the mechanisms that regulate VM formation in ovarian cancer and the effect of cells, cytokines, and signaling molecules in the tumor microenvironment on VM formation, Furthermore, we summarize the current clinical application of drugs targeting VM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Hu
- Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Ting Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Nanqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Hong Hong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Lujiao Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Dantong Lyu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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9
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Liu Y, Shi Y, Wu M, Liu J, Wu H, Xu C, Chen L. Hypoxia-induced polypoid giant cancer cells in glioma promote the transformation of tumor-associated macrophages to a tumor-supportive phenotype. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1326-1338. [PMID: 35762580 PMCID: PMC9344088 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Polypoid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) represent a unique subgroup of stem‐like cells, acting as a critical factor in promoting the recurrence of various solid tumors. The effect of PGCCs on the tumor malignancy of glioma and its immune microenvironment remains unclear. Methods Bioinformatic analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between M2 tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration and survival of glioblastoma (GBM) patients. The spatial location of M2 TAMs in GBM was also investigated using the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project (Ivy GAP) database. PGCCs were quantified in glioma of different grades. CoCl2 was used to induce PGCCs in cultures of A172 cells. PGCCs, and their progeny cells in cultures were further evaluated for morphological features, tumorsphere formation, and TAMs activation. Results The magnitude of M2 TAMs infiltration is significantly correlated with poor survival in GBM patients. M2 TAMs were enriched in the perinecrotic zone (PNZ) of GBM and positively correlated with hypoxic levels. Increased PGCCs were detected in glioma specimens of higher grades. CoCl2 induced hypoxia and the transformation of A172 cultures into PGCCs, producing the progeny cells, PGCCs‐Dau, through asymmetric division. PGCCs and PGCCs‐Dau possessed tumor stem cell‐like features, while PGCCs‐Dau enhanced the polarization of TAMs into an M2 phenotype with relevance to immunosuppression and malignancy in GBM. Conclusions PGCCs promote malignancy and immune‐suppressive microenvironment in GBM. PGCCs or their progeny cells may be a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Shi
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Integrative Cancer Center& Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengwan Wu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Integrative Cancer Center& Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Integrative Cancer Center& Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Integrative Cancer Center& Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Voelkel-Johnson C. Sphingolipids in embryonic development, cell cycle regulation, and stemness - Implications for polyploidy in tumors. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 81:206-219. [PMID: 33429049 PMCID: PMC8263803 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant biology of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) includes dysregulation of the cell cycle, induction of stress responses, and dedifferentiation, all of which are likely accompanied by adaptations in biophysical properties and metabolic activity. Sphingolipids are the second largest class of membrane lipids and play important roles in many aspects of cell biology that are potentially relevant to polyploidy. We have recently shown that the function of the sphingolipid enzyme acid ceramidase (ASAH1) is critical for the ability of PGCC to generate progeny by depolyploidization but mechanisms by which sphingolipids contribute to polyploidy and generation of offspring with stem-like properties remain elusive. This review discusses the role of sphingolipids during embryonic development, cell cycle regulation, and stem cells in an effort to highlight parallels to polyploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Voelkel-Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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11
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Vignjević Petrinović S, Jauković A, Milošević M, Bugarski D, Budeč M. Targeting Stress Erythropoiesis Pathways in Cancer. Front Physiol 2022; 13:844042. [PMID: 35694408 PMCID: PMC9174937 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.844042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related anemia (CRA) is a common multifactorial disorder that adversely affects the quality of life and overall prognosis in patients with cancer. Safety concerns associated with the most common CRA treatment options, including intravenous iron therapy and erythropoietic-stimulating agents, have often resulted in no or suboptimal anemia management for many cancer patients. Chronic anemia creates a vital need to restore normal erythropoietic output and therefore activates the mechanisms of stress erythropoiesis (SE). A growing body of evidence demonstrates that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) signaling, along with glucocorticoids, erythropoietin, stem cell factor, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and hypoxia-inducible factors, plays a pivotal role in SE. Nevertheless, a chronic state of SE may lead to ineffective erythropoiesis, characterized by the expansion of erythroid progenitor pool, that largely fails to differentiate and give rise to mature red blood cells, further aggravating CRA. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the emerging roles for stress erythroid progenitors and activated SE pathways in tumor progression, highlighting the urgent need to suppress ineffective erythropoiesis in cancer patients and develop an optimal treatment strategy as well as a personalized approach to CRA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Vignjević Petrinović
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jauković
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Milošević
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirela Budeč
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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12
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Zhang H, Ma H, Yang X, Fan L, Tian S, Niu R, Yan M, Zheng M, Zhang S. Cell Fusion-Related Proteins and Signaling Pathways, and Their Roles in the Development and Progression of Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:809668. [PMID: 35178400 PMCID: PMC8846309 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.809668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell fusion is involved in many physiological and pathological processes, including gamete binding, and cancer development. The basic processes of cell fusion include membrane fusion, cytoplasmic mixing, and nuclear fusion. Cell fusion is regulated by different proteins and signaling pathways. Syncytin-1, syncytin-2, glial cell missing 1, galectin-1 and other proteins (annexins, myomaker, myomerger etc.) involved in cell fusion via the cyclic adenosine-dependent protein kinase A, mitogen-activated protein kinase, wingless/integrase-1, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways. In the progression of malignant tumors, cell fusion is essential during the organ-specific metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), cancer angiogenesis and cancer immunity. In addition, diploid cells can be induced to form polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) via cell fusion under many kinds of stimuli, including cobalt chloride, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and traditional Chinese medicine. PGCCs have CSC-like properties, and the daughter cells derived from PGCCs have a mesenchymal phenotype and exhibit strong migration, invasion, and proliferation abilities. Therefore, exploring the molecular mechanisms of cell fusion can enable us better understand the development of malignant tumors. In this review, the basic process of cell fusion and its significance in cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shifeng Tian
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Niu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Man Yan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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13
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Biagioni A, Andreucci E. Immunohistochemistry for VM Markers. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2514:141-152. [PMID: 35771426 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2403-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is the biological process by which aggressive cancer cells are able to organize themselves-independently from endothelial cells-into new vessel-like structures to sustain fast tumor perfusion and thus an efficient supply of oxygen and nutrients, required for rapid cancer growth and dissemination. In the last two decades, the molecular mechanisms and key regulators of VM have been identified. Several methods are currently available to detect VM both in vitro and in vivo, but the gold standard is still the immunohistochemical staining of specific antigens. Even though many markers are debated if belong to the angiogenic process or VM exclusively, the immunohistochemistry of CD31 and the PAS reaction often clarify in frozen or paraffin sections the pathologic status and the vasculature grade of a tumor mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Biagioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Elena Andreucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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14
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The emerging roles of circular RNAs in vessel co-option and vasculogenic mimicry: clinical insights for anti-angiogenic therapy in cancers. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 41:173-191. [PMID: 34664157 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Unexpected resistance to anti-angiogenic treatment prompted the investigation of non-angiogenic tumor processes. Vessel co-option (VC) and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) are recognized as primary non-angiogenic mechanisms. In VC, cancer cells utilize pre-existing blood vessels for support, whereas in VM, cancer cells channel and provide blood flow to rapidly growing tumors. Both processes have been implicated in the development of tumor and resistance to anti-angiogenic drugs in many tumor types. The morphology, but rare molecular alterations have been investigated in VC and VM. There is a pressing need to better understand the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Here, we review the emerging circular RNA (circRNA)-mediated regulation of non-angiogenic processes, VC and VM.
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15
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Thura M, Ye Z, Al-Aidaroos AQ, Xiong Q, Ong JY, Gupta A, Li J, Guo K, Ang KH, Zeng Q. PRL3 induces polypoid giant cancer cells eliminated by PRL3-zumab to reduce tumor relapse. Commun Biol 2021; 4:923. [PMID: 34326464 PMCID: PMC8322210 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PRL3, a unique oncotarget, is specifically overexpressed in 80.6% of cancers. In 2003, we reported that PRL3 promotes cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Herein, firstly, we show that PRL3 induces Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells (PGCCs) formation. PGCCs constitute stem cell-like pools to facilitate cell survival, chemo-resistance, and tumor relapse. The correlations between PRL3 overexpression and PGCCs attributes raised possibilities that PRL3 could be involved in PGCCs formation. Secondly, we show that PRL3+ PGCCs co-express the embryonic stem cell markers SOX2 and OCT4 and arise mainly due to incomplete cytokinesis despite extensive DNA damage. Thirdly, we reveal that PRL3+ PGCCs tolerate prolonged chemotherapy-induced genotoxic stress via suppression of the pro-apoptotic ATM DNA damage-signaling pathway. Fourthly, we demonstrated PRL3-zumab, a First-in-Class humanized antibody drug against PRL3 oncotarget, could reduce tumor relapse in 'tumor removal' animal model. Finally, we confirmed that PGCCs were enriched in relapse tumors versus primary tumors. PRL3-zumab has been approved for Phase 2 clinical trials in Singapore, US, and China to block all solid tumors. This study further showed PRL3-zumab could potentially serve an 'Adjuvant Immunotherapy' after tumor removal surgery to eliminate PRL3+ PGCC stem-like cells, preventing metastasis and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Thura
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zu Ye
- MD Anderson Cancer Centre, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abdul Qader Al-Aidaroos
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiancheng Xiong
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jun Yi Ong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ke Guo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Koon Hwee Ang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Zeng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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16
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Melaccio A, Sgaramella LI, Pasculli A, Di Meo G, Gurrado A, Prete FP, Vacca A, Ria R, Testini M. Prognostic and Therapeutic Role of Angiogenic Microenvironment in Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112775. [PMID: 34204889 PMCID: PMC8199761 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Angiogenesis is an essential event for the progression of solid tumors and is promoted by angiogenic cytokines released in the tumor microenvironment by neoplastic and stromal cells. Over the last 20 years, the role of the microenvironment and the implication of several angiogenic factors in tumorigenesis of solid and hematological neoplasms have been widely studied. The tumor microenvironment has also been well-defined for thyroid cancer, clarifying the importance of angiogenesis in cancer progression, spread, and metastasis. Furthermore, recent studies have evaluated the association of circulating angiogenic factors with the clinical outcomes of differentiated thyroid cancer, potentially providing noninvasive, low-cost, and safe tests that can be used in screening, diagnosis, and follow-up. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms of action of these proangiogenic factors and their different molecular pathways, as well as their applications in the treatment and prognosis of thyroid cancer. Abstract Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, with a typically favorable prognosis following standard treatments, such as surgical resection and radioiodine therapy. A subset of thyroid cancers progress to refractory/metastatic disease. Understanding how the tumor microenvironment is transformed into an angiogenic microenvironment has a role of primary importance in the aggressive behavior of these neoplasms. During tumor growth and progression, angiogenesis represents a deregulated biological process, and the angiogenic switch, characterized by the formation of new vessels, induces tumor cell proliferation, local invasion, and hematogenous metastases. This evidence has propelled the scientific community’s effort to study a number of molecular pathways (proliferation, cell cycle control, and angiogenic processes), identifying mediators that may represent viable targets for new anticancer treatments. Herein, we sought to review angiogenesis in thyroid cancer and the potential role of proangiogenic cytokines for risk stratification of patients. We also present the current status of treatment of advanced differentiated, medullary, and poorly differentiated thyroid cancers with multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors, based on the rationale of angiogenesis as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Melaccio
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Lucia Ilaria Sgaramella
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Alessandro Pasculli
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Giovanna Di Meo
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Angela Gurrado
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Francesco Paolo Prete
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Roberto Ria
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Mario Testini
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3355370914
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Cancer regeneration: Polyploid cells are the key drivers of tumor progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188408. [PMID: 32827584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In spite of significant advancements of therapies for initial eradication of cancers, tumor relapse remains a major challenge. It is for a long time known that polyploid malignant cells are a main source of resistance against chemotherapy and irradiation. However, therapeutic approaches targeting these cells have not been appropriately pursued which could partly be due to the shortage of knowledge on the molecular biology of cell polyploidy. On the other hand, there is a rising trend to appreciate polyploid/ multinucleated cells as key players in tissue regeneration. In this review, we suggest an analogy between the functions of polyploid cells in normal and malignant tissues and discuss the idea that cell polyploidy is an evolutionary conserved source of tissue regeneration also exploited by cancers as a survival factor. In addition, polyploid cells are highlighted as a promising therapeutic target to overcome drug resistance and relapse.
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18
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Ria R, Melaccio A, Racanelli V, Vacca A. Anti-VEGF Drugs in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma Patients. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1765. [PMID: 32517267 PMCID: PMC7355441 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the bone marrow microenvironment and plasma cells plays an essential role in multiple myeloma progression and drug resistance. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) pathway in vascular endothelial cells activates and promotes angiogenesis. Moreover, VEGF activates and promotes vasculogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry when it interacts with VEGF receptors expressed in precursor cells and inflammatory cells, respectively. In myeloma bone marrow, VEGF and VEGF receptor expression are upregulated and hyperactive in the stromal and tumor cells. It has been demonstrated that several antiangiogenic agents can effectively target VEGF-related pathways in the preclinical phase. However, they are not successful in treating multiple myeloma, probably due to the vicarious action of other cytokines and signaling pathways. Thus, the simultaneous blocking of multiple cytokine pathways, including the VEGF/VEGFR pathway, may represent a valid strategy to treat multiple myeloma. This review aims to summarize recent advances in understanding the role of the VEGF/VEGFR pathway in multiple myeloma, and mainly focuses on the transcription pathway and on strategies that target this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (V.R.); (A.V.)
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19
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Hassan G, Seno M. Blood and Cancer: Cancer Stem Cells as Origin of Hematopoietic Cells in Solid Tumor Microenvironments. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051293. [PMID: 32455995 PMCID: PMC7290570 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The concepts of hematopoiesis and the generation of blood and immune cells from hematopoietic stem cells are some steady concepts in the field of hematology. However, the knowledge of hematopoietic cells arising from solid tumor cancer stem cells is novel. In the solid tumor microenvironment, hematopoietic cells play pivotal roles in tumor growth and progression. Recent studies have reported that solid tumor cancer cells or cancer stem cells could differentiate into hematopoietic cells. Here, we discuss efforts and research that focused on the presence of hematopoietic cells in tumor microenvironments. We also discuss hematopoiesis from solid tumor cancer stem cells and clarify the notion of differentiation of solid tumor cancer stem cells into non-cancer hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghmkin Hassan
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus 10769, Syria
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-251-8216
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20
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White-Gilbertson S, Voelkel-Johnson C. Giants and monsters: Unexpected characters in the story of cancer recurrence. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 148:201-232. [PMID: 32723564 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) constitute a dangerous subpopulation of cancer cells and are a driving force in cancer recurrence. These unique cells arise from diploid tumor cells in response to stress encountered in the tumor microenvironment or during cancer therapy. PGCC are greatly dedifferentiated, acquire pluripotency, and are able to replicate through a form of asymmetric division called neosis, which results in new populations that are themselves able to differentiate into new cell types or to re-establish tumors. Progeny tend to be more genetically unstable than the founding population due to the dysregulation required to transition through a PGCC state. Therefore, cancers that escape stressors through this mechanism tend to re-emerge with a more aggressive phenotype that is therapy resistant. This review focuses on the clinical significance of PGCC, the need for standardized nomenclature and molecular markers, as well as possible avenues to develop therapies aimed at PGCC and the process of neosis. The biology underlying the development of PGCC including cell cycle checkpoint dysregulation, stress responses, dedifferentiation, stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai White-Gilbertson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Christina Voelkel-Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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21
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War AR, Dang K, Jiang S, Xiao Z, Miao Z, Yang T, Li Y, Qian A. Role of cancer stem cells in the development of giant cell tumor of bone. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:135. [PMID: 32351329 PMCID: PMC7183664 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary bone tumor is usually observed in adolescence age group which has been shown to be part of nearly 20% of the sarcomas known today. Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) can be benign as well as malignant tumor which exhibits localized dynamism and is usually associated with the end point of a long bone. Giant cell tumor (GCT) involves mononuclear stromal cells which proliferate at a high rate, multinucleated giant cells and stromal cells are equally present in this type of tumor. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been confirmed to play a potential role in the development of GCT. Cancer stem cell-based microRNAs have been shown to contribute to a greater extent in giant cell tumor of bone. CSCs and microRNAs present in the tumors specifically are a great concern today which need in-depth knowledge as well as advanced techniques to treat the bone cancer effectively. In this review, we attempted to summarize the role played by cancer stem cells involving certain important molecules/factors such as; Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), miRNAs and signaling mechanism such as; mTOR/PI3K-AKT, towards the formation of giant cell tumor of bone, in order to get an insight regarding various effective strategies and research advancements to obtain adequate knowledge related to CSCs which may help to focus on highly effective treatment procedures for bone tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rouf War
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Kai Dang
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Shanfen Jiang
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Zhongwei Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Miao
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Tuanmin Yang
- Honghui Hospital, Xi’an, Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Yu Li
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Airong Qian
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
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Fei F, Liu K, Li C, Du J, Wei Z, Li B, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S. Molecular Mechanisms by Which S100A4 Regulates the Migration and Invasion of PGCCs With Their Daughter Cells in Human Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:182. [PMID: 32154176 PMCID: PMC7047322 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, an increasing number of evidences have shown that polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) could generate daughter cells with a strong migration and invasion ability, which have been implicated in cancer recurrence and metastasis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of PGCCs with their daughter cells remain largely unclear. In vitro and in vivo experiments combined with 222 cases of human colorectal cancer (CRC) samples were used to identify the molecular mechanisms of S100A4-related proteins regulating the invasion and metastasis of PGCCs with their daughter cells. PGCCs with their daughter cells had high migration, invasion, and proliferation abilities compared to control cells; these were significantly inhibited after S100A4 knockdown. The high expression of cathepsin B, cyclin B1, TRIM21, and Annexin A2 were significantly downregulated after S100A4 knockdown, while the overexpression of S100A4, cathepsin B, cyclin B1, and S100A10 were significantly downregulated after TRIM21 knockdown in PGCCs with their daughter cells. The tumorigenic and metastatic ability of PGCCs with their daughter cells in vivo was significantly stronger compared to the untreated cells, which was significantly decreased after S100A4 knockdown. Moreover, the expression of S100A4-related proteins was positively correlated with the malignancy degree of human CRC, and maintained a high level in lymph node metastasis. S100A4 and TRIM21 may regulate each other to affect the expression and subcellular localization of cyclin B1, and participate in regulating the structure and function of Annexin A2/S100A10 complex, affecting downstream cathepsin B, resulting in the invasion and metastasis of PGCCs with their daughter cells. Besides, 14-3-3 ζ/δ and Ezrin may be involved in the motility and invasion of PGCCs with their daughter cells via cytoskeletal constructions with S100A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fei
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China.,Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaxing Du
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Departments of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Departments of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
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23
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Chen WZ, Jiang JX, Yu XY, Xia WJ, Yu PX, Wang K, Zhao ZY, Chen ZG. Endothelial cells in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:946-956. [PMID: 31798776 PMCID: PMC6883186 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i11.946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The dependence of tumor growth on neovascularization has become an important aspect of cancer biology. Tumor angiogenesis is one of the key mechanisms of tumorigenesis, growth and metastasis. The key events involved in this process are endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and vascular formation. Recent studies have revealed the importance of tumor-associated endothelial cells (TECs) in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), including epithelial proliferation, stem cell maintenance, angiogenesis, and immune remodeling. Decades of research have identified that the molecular basis of tumor angiogenesis includes vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptor family, which are the main targets of antiangiogenesis therapy. VEGFs and their receptors play key roles in the pathology of angiogenesis, and their overexpression indicates poor prognosis in CRC. This article reviews the characteristics of the tumor vasculature and the role of TECs in different stages of CRC and immune remodeling. We also discuss the biological effects of VEGFs and their receptor family as angiogenesis regulators and emphasize the clinical implications of TECs in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Zhen Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Xin Jiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Yan Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xia
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peng-Xin Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhao
- Department of Administrative Office, the First People’s Hospital of Jiande, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Zhou H, Fan G, Li Q. Molecular Mechanisms and Anticancer Therapeutic Strategies in Vasculogenic Mimicry. J Cancer 2019; 10:6327-6340. [PMID: 31772665 PMCID: PMC6856738 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a vascular formation mechanism used by aggressive tumor cells. VM provides an alternative pathway for adequate blood perfusion and challenges the traditional angiogenesis mechanism that depends only on endothelial cells (ECs), as VM-forming tumor cells express a mixed endothelial/tumor phenotype. VM is closely correlated with tumor invasion, migration, and progression. Hence, anticancer therapeutic strategies targeting VM biogenesis are essential. It is widely acknowledged that the VM formation mechanism involves multiple pathways. The purpose of this review is to describe the potential molecular mechanisms related to different pathways and discuss the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in VM formation. Moreover, we discuss the significance of VM in clinical practice and present new anticancer therapeutic strategies that target VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jigang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, P.R. China
| | - Heming Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, P.R. China
| | - Guorong Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, P.R. China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, P.R. China
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Amend SR, Torga G, Lin KC, Kostecka LG, de Marzo A, Austin RH, Pienta KJ. Polyploid giant cancer cells: Unrecognized actuators of tumorigenesis, metastasis, and resistance. Prostate 2019; 79:1489-1497. [PMID: 31376205 PMCID: PMC6706309 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer led to the deaths of more than 9 million people worldwide in 2018, and most of these deaths were due to metastatic tumor burden. While in most cases, we still do not know why cancer is lethal, we know that a total tumor burden of 1 kg-equivalent to one trillion cells-is not compatible with life. While localized disease is curable through surgical removal or radiation, once cancer has spread, it is largely incurable. The inability to cure metastatic cancer lies, at least in part, to the fact that cancer is resistant to all known compounds and anticancer drugs. The source of this resistance remains undefined. In fact, the vast majority of metastatic cancers are resistant to all currently available anticancer therapies, including chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and systemic radiation. Thus, despite decades-even centuries-of research, metastatic cancer remains lethal and incurable. We present historical and contemporary evidence that the key actuators of this process-of tumorigenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance-are polyploid giant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Amend
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Gonzalo Torga
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | - Laurie G. Kostecka
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Angelo de Marzo
- Depatment of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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