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Poot AJ, Lapa C, Weber WA, Lam MGEH, Eiber M, Dierks A, Bundschuh RA, Braat AJAT. [ 68Ga]Ga-RAYZ-8009: A Glypican-3-Targeted Diagnostic Radiopharmaceutical for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Molecular Imaging-A First-in-Human Case Series. J Nucl Med 2024:jnumed.124.268147. [PMID: 39266293 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.124.268147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, the imaging and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) rely on CT/MRI, which have well-known limitations. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a cell surface receptor highly expressed by HCC but not by normal or cirrhotic liver tissue. Here we report initial clinical results of GPC3-targeted PET imaging with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-RYZ-GPC3 (RAYZ-8009), a peptide-based GPC3 ligand in patients with known or suspected HCC. Methods: [68Ga]Ga-RAYZ-8009 was obtained after labeling the peptide precursor with 68Ga from a 68Ge/68Ga generator and heating at 90°C for 10 min followed by sterile filtration. After administration of [68Ga]Ga-RAYZ-8009, a dynamic or static PET/CT scan was acquired between 45 min and 4 h after administration. Radiotracer uptake was measured by SUVs for the following tissues: suspected or actual HCC or hepatoblastoma lesions, non-tumor-bearing liver, renal cortex, blood pool in the left ventricle, and gastric fundus. Additionally, tumor-to-healthy-liver ratios (TLRs) were calculated. Results: Twenty-four patients (5 patients in the dynamic protocol; 19 patients in the static protocol) were scanned. No adverse events occurred. Two patients had no lesion detected and did not have HCC during follow-up. In total, 50 lesions were detected and analyzed. The mean SUVmax of these lesions was 19.6 (range, 2.7-95.3), and the mean SUVmean was 10.1 (range, 1.0-49.2) at approximately 60 min after administration. Uptake in non-tumor-bearing liver and blood pool rapidly decreased over time and became negligible 45 min after administration (mean SUVmean, <1.6), with a continuous decline to 4 h after administration (mean SUVmean, 1.0). The opposite was observed for HCC lesions, for which SUVs and TLRs continuously increased for up to 4 h after administration. In individual lesion analysis, TLR was the highest between 60 and 120 min after administration. Uptake in the gastric fundus gradually increased for up to 45 min (to an SUVmax of 31.3) and decreased gradually afterward. Conclusion: [68Ga]Ga-RAYZ-8009 is safe and allows for high-contrast imaging of GPC3-positive HCC, with rapid clearance from most normal organs. Thereby, [68Ga]Ga-RAYZ-8009 is promising for HCC diagnosis and staging. Further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Poot
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Princess Máxima Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Marnix G E H Lam
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Princess Máxima Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Eiber
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Alexander Dierks
- Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralph A Bundschuh
- Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Arthur J A T Braat
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Princess Máxima Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chiu CSC, Yeh LY, Pan SH, Li SH. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Intrinsic Abnormalities in Endometrial Polyps. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2557. [PMID: 38473810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial polyps (EPs) are benign overgrowths of the endometrial tissue lining the uterus, often causing abnormal bleeding or infertility. This study analyzed gene expression differences between EPs and adjacent endometrial tissue to elucidate intrinsic abnormalities promoting pathological overgrowth. RNA sequencing of 12 pairs of EPs and the surrounding endometrial tissue from infertile women revealed 322 differentially expressed genes. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed significant alterations in specific signaling pathways, notably Wnt signaling and vascular smooth muscle regulation, suggesting these pathways play critical roles in the pathophysiology of EPs. Wnt-related genes DKK1 and DKKL1 were upregulated, while GPC3, GREM1, RSPO3, SFRP5, and WNT10B were downregulated. Relevant genes for vascular smooth muscle contraction were nearly all downregulated in EPs, including ACTA2, ACTG2, KCNMB1, KCNMB2, MYL9, PPP1R12B, and TAGLN. Overall, the results indicate fundamental gene expression changes promote EP formation through unrestrained growth signaling and vascular defects. The intrinsic signaling abnormalities likely contribute to clinical symptoms of abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility common in EP patients. This analysis provides molecular insights into abnormal endometrial overgrowth to guide improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this troublesome women's health condition. Confirmation of expanded cohorts and further investigations into implicated regulatory relationships are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Shan-Chi Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei 251, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yu Yeh
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei 251, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hua Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Li
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei 251, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Hu H, Quan G, Yang F, Du S, Ding S, Lun Y, Chen Q. MicroRNA-96-5p is negatively regulating GPC3 in the metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231205710. [PMID: 37915840 PMCID: PMC10617255 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231205710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common pathological type of thyroid cancer. miR-96-5p, a member of the miR-183 family, constitute a polycistronic miRNA cluster. In breast cancer, miR-96-5p promotes cell invasion, migration, and proliferation in vitro by inhibiting PTPN9. Moreover, miR-96-5p was reported to function as an oncogene in many cancers. However, whether miR-96-5p is involved in the development of papillary thyroid cancers and its potential mechanism is still unknown. The present study aims to explore the relationship between miR-96-5p and GPC3 expression in the development of papillary thyroid cancers. Methods Transcriptomic sequencing was carried out using six pairs of papillary thyroid cancer and adjacent normal tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments were performed to examine the expression of genes. Results In total, there were 1588 up-regulated and 1803 down-regulated differentially expressed genes between papillary thyroid cancer and normal tissues. Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis revealed that extracellular matrix structure and proteoglycans were mainly involved in papillary thyroid cancer. Among the cluster of proteoglycans, GPC3 was significantly down-regulated in papillary thyroid cancer and is a target of miR-96. Conclusion miR-96-5p participates in the development of papillary thyroid cancer by regulating the expression of GPC3. Thus, targeting miR-96-5p may be a potential therapeutic approach for preventing and treating papillary thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibei Hu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital (Guangming), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microecology, Fujian Province University, School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Guangqian Quan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nanping First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shan Du
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital (Guangming), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Siqin Ding
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital (Guangming), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongzhi Lun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microecology, Fujian Province University, School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital (Guangming), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Schepers EJ, Lake C, Glaser K, Bondoc AJ. Inhibition of Glypican-3 Cleavage Results in Reduced Cell Proliferation in a Liver Cancer Cell Line. J Surg Res 2023; 282:118-128. [PMID: 36272230 PMCID: PMC10893758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a surface-bound proteoglycan overexpressed in pediatric liver cancer and utilized clinically as an immunohistochemical tumor marker. Furin is a proprotein convertase that is ubiquitously expressed and shown to modify GPC3 post-translationally. In experimental models of epithelial-based cancers, furin inhibition decreased tumor cell migration and proliferation representing a potential therapeutic target. METHODS Using a synthetic furin inhibitor, we evaluated proliferation, migration, protein, and RNA expression in two liver cancer cell lines, HepG2 (GPC3-positive) and SKHep1 cells (GPC3-negative). Total furin protein and GPC3 protein expression were assessed to evaluate functional levels of furin. RESULTS There was a reduction in HepG2 proliferation with addition of furin inhibitor at the 48-h timepoint, however there was an increase in HepG2 migration. CONCLUSIONS GPC3 cleavage in hepatoblastoma (HB) has a role in cell proliferation with therapeutic potential, however furin inhibition is not an appropriate target for GPC3-expressing HB due to increased migration which may enhance metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Schepers
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Charissa Lake
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kathryn Glaser
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alexander J Bondoc
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Tamayo-Angorrilla M, López de Andrés J, Jiménez G, Marchal JA. The biomimetic extracellular matrix: a therapeutic tool for breast cancer research. Transl Res 2022; 247:117-136. [PMID: 34844003 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A deeper knowledge of the functional versatility and dynamic nature of the ECM has improved the understanding of cancer biology. Translational Significance: This work provides an in-depth view of the importance of the ECM to develop more mimetic breast cancer models, which aim to recreate the components and architecture of tumor microenvironment. Special focus is placed on decellularized matrices derived from tissue and cell culture, both in procurement and applications, as they have achieved great success in cancer research and pharmaceutical sector. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is increasingly recognized as a master regulator of cell behavior and response to breast cancer (BC) treatment. During BC progression, the mammary gland ECM is remodeled and altered in the composition and organization. Accumulated evidence suggests that changes in the composition and mechanics of ECM, orchestrated by tumor-stromal interactions along with ECM remodeling enzymes, are actively involved in BC progression and metastasis. Understanding how specific ECM components modulate the tumorigenic process has led to an increased interest in the development of biomaterial-based biomimetic ECM models to recapitulate key tumor characteristics. The decellularized ECMs (dECMs) have emerged as a promising in vitro 3D tumor model, whose recent advances in the processing and application could become the biomaterial by excellence for BC research and the pharmaceutical industry. This review offers a detailed view of the contribution of ECM in BC progression, and highlights the application of dECM-based biomaterials as promising personalized tumor models that more accurately mimic the tumorigenic mechanisms of BC and the response to treatment. This will allow the design of targeted therapeutic approaches adapted to the specific characteristics of each tumor that will have a great impact on the precision medicine applied to BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tamayo-Angorrilla
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Julia López de Andrés
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada- University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Gema Jiménez
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada- University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada- University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Identification of miR-4510 as a metastasis suppressor of gastric cancer through regulation of tumor microenvironment via targeting GPC3. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:363-374. [PMID: 35050429 PMCID: PMC8971168 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The genes miR-4510 and glypican-3 (GPC3) have reported to be closely associated with tumors, with miR-4510 inversely correlated with GPC3 mRNA and protein in hepatocellular carcinoma samples. Glypican-3-expressing gastric cancer (GPC3-GC), characterized as gastric cancer (GC) expressing GPC3, accounts for 11% of the GC cases. However, the expression and mechanism of action of miR-4510 in GPC3-GC have not been clearly defined. We found that miR-4510 expression in GC tissues was significantly lower than that in the adjacent tissues (p < 0.001). miRNA-4510 expression in GPC3-GC was significantly lower than that in GPC3‐negative GC tissue (p < 0.001). Our study confirmed that miR-4510 is inversely correlated with GPC3 in gastric cancer samples and that GPC3 is a direct target gene of miR-4510. The proportion of M2 macrophages in GC with low expression of miR-4510 was significantly increased, while the proliferation of CD8+ T cells was limited. miR-4510 may change the immunosuppressive signals in the tumor microenvironment by downregulating GPC3 and inhibiting gastric cancer cell metastasis. Oxaliplatin treatment may become a specific therapeutic drug for patients with miR-4510 inhibition and GPC3-GC.
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Nie JH, Yang T, Li H, Ye HS, Zhong GQ, Li TT, Zhang C, Huang WH, Xiao J, Li Z, He JL, Du BL, Zhang Y, Liu J. Identification of GPC3 mutation and upregulation in a multidrug resistant osteosarcoma and its spheroids as therapeutic target. J Bone Oncol 2021; 30:100391. [PMID: 34611509 PMCID: PMC8476350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
GPC3 mutation in primary osteosarcoma becomes abundant in its metastasis. Mutant GPC3 is over-produced in metastatic spheroids with multidrug resistance. Anti-GPC3 antibody effectively commits metastatic spheroids to apoptosis. GPC3 would be a promising therapeutic target of osteosarcomas.
Background Drug resistance and the lack of molecular therapeutic target are the main challenges in the management of osteosarcomas (OSs). Identification of novel genetic alteration(s) related with OS recurrence and chemotherapeutic resistance would be of scientific and clinical significance. Methods To identify potential genetic alterations related with OS recurrence and chemotherapeutic resistance, the biopsies of a 20-year-old male osteosarcoma patient were collected at primary site (p-OS) and from its metastatic tumor (m-OS) formed after 5 months of adjuvant chemotherapy. Both OS specimens were subjected to cancer-targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) and their cell suspensions were cultured under three-dimensional condition to establish spheroid therapeutic model. Transcript-oriented Sanger sequencing for GPC3, the detected mutated gene, was performed on RNA samples of p-OS and m-OS tissues and spheroids. The effects of anti-GPC3 antibody and its combination with cisplatin on m-OS spheroids were elucidated. Results NGS revealed 4 mutations (GPC3, SOX10, MDM4 and MAPK8) and 6 amplifications (MDM2, CDK4, CCND3, RUNX2, GLI1 and FRS2) in p-OS, and 3 mutations (GPC3, SOX10 and EGF) and 10 amplifications (CDK4, CCND3, MDM2, RUNX2, GLI1, FRS2, CARD11, RAC1, SLC16A7 and PMS2) in m-OS. Among those alterations, the mutation abundance of GPC3 was the highest (56.49%) in p-OS and showed 1.54 times increase in m-OS. GPC3 transcript-oriented Sanger sequencing confirmed the mutation at 1046 in Exon 4, and immunohistochemical staining showed increased GPC3 production in m-OS tissues and its spheroids. EdU cell proliferation and Calcein/PI cell viability assays revealed that of the anti-OS first line drugs (doxorubicin, cisplatin, methotrexate, ifosfamide and carboplatin), 10 μM carboplatin exerted the best inhibitory effects on the p-OS but not the m-OS spheroids. 2 μg/mL anti-GPC3 antibody effectively committed m-OS spheroids to death by itself (76.43%) or in combination with cisplatin (92.93%). Conclusion This study demonstrates increased abundance and up-regulated expression of mutant GPC3 in metastatic osteosarcoma and its spheroids with multidrug resistance. As GPC3-targeting therapy has been used to treat hepatocellular carcinomas and it is also effective to OS PDSs, GPC3 would be a novel prognostic parameter and therapeutic target of osteosarcomas.
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Key Words
- Anti-GPC3 targeted therapy
- CBP, carboplatin
- CDDP, cisplatin
- DOX, doxorubicin
- FFPE, formalin-fixed, paraffin- embedded
- GPC3 mutation
- GPC3-Ab, anti-GPC3 antibody
- Gene upregulation
- H/E, hematoxylin and eosin
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- MA, mutation abundance
- MSS, microsatellite stable
- MTX, methotrexate
- Multidrug resistance
- NAC, neoadjuvant chemotherapy
- NGS, next generation sequencing
- Next generation sequencing
- OS, osteosarcoma
- Osteosarcoma
- PDS, patient-derived spheroids
- Patient-derived spheroids
- SNV, single-nucleotide variant
- m-OS, metastatic osteosarcoma
- p-OS, primary osteosarcoma
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hua Nie
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - Hong Li
- Jingkeson BioMed Laboratory, Guangzhou Jingke Institute of Life Sciences, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Hai-Shan Ye
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhong
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Jingkeson BioMed Laboratory, Guangzhou Jingke Institute of Life Sciences, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - Wen-Han Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - Jin Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - Jian-Li He
- Jingkeson BioMed Laboratory, Guangzhou Jingke Institute of Life Sciences, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Bo-Le Du
- Jingkeson BioMed Laboratory, Guangzhou Jingke Institute of Life Sciences, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Alfeghaly C, Sanchez A, Rouget R, Thuillier Q, Igel-Bourguignon V, Marchand V, Branlant C, Motorin Y, Behm-Ansmant I, Maenner S. Implication of repeat insertion domains in the trans-activity of the long non-coding RNA ANRIL. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:4954-4970. [PMID: 33872355 PMCID: PMC8136789 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs have emerged as critical regulators of cell homeostasis by modulating gene expression at chromatin level for instance. Here, we report that the lncRNA ANRIL, associated with several pathologies, binds to thousands of loci dispersed throughout the mammalian genome sharing a 21-bp motif enriched in G/A residues. By combining ANRIL genomic occupancy with transcriptomic analysis, we established a list of 65 and 123 genes potentially directly activated and silenced by ANRIL in trans, respectively. We also found that Exon8 of ANRIL, mainly made of transposable elements, contributes to ANRIL genomic association and consequently to its trans-activity. Furthermore, we showed that Exon8 favors ANRIL's association with the FIRRE, TPD52L1 and IGFBP3 loci to modulate their expression through H3K27me3 deposition. We also investigated the mechanisms engaged by Exon8 to favor ANRIL's association with the genome. Our data refine ANRIL's trans-activity and highlight the functional importance of TEs on ANRIL's activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raphael Rouget
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Valérie Igel-Bourguignon
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, INSERM, UMS2008 IBSLor, Epitranscriptomics and RNA Sequencing (EpiRNA-Seq) Core Facility, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Virginie Marchand
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, INSERM, UMS2008 IBSLor, Epitranscriptomics and RNA Sequencing (EpiRNA-Seq) Core Facility, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Yuri Motorin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
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Grillo PK, Győrffy B, Götte M. Prognostic impact of the glypican family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the survival of breast cancer patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:1937-1955. [PMID: 33742285 PMCID: PMC8164625 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03597-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Dysregulated expression of proteoglycans influences the outcome and progression of numerous cancers. Several studies have investigated the role of individual glypicans in cancer, however, the impact of the whole glypican family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans on prognosis of a large patient cohort of breast cancer patients has not yet been investigated. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the prognostic power of the glypicans in breast cancer patients. Methods We used a public database including both gene expression data and survival information for 3951 breast cancer patients to determine the prognostic value of glypicans on relapse-free survival using Cox regression analysis. Moreover, we performed quantitative Real-Time PCR to determine glypican gene expression levels in seven representative breast cancer cell lines. Results We found that high GPC3 levels were associated with a better prognosis in overall breast cancer patients. When stratified by hormone receptor status, we found that in worse prognosis subtypes low GPC1 levels correlate with a longer relapse-free survival, and in more favorable subtypes low GPC6 was associated with longer survival. Conclusion Our study concludes that glypicans could act as subtype-specific biomarkers for the prognosis of breast cancer patients and sparks hope for future research on glypicans possibly eventually providing targets for the treatment of the disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-021-03597-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Karin Grillo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- TTK Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 11, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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10
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Prognostic value of Glypican family genes in early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after pancreaticoduodenectomy and possible mechanisms. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:415. [PMID: 33302876 PMCID: PMC7731467 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study explored the prognostic significance of Glypican (GPC) family genes in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) after pancreaticoduodenectomy using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Methods A total of 112 PDAC patients from TCGA and 48 patients from GEO were included in the analysis. The relationship between overall survival and the expression of GPC family genes as well as basic clinical characteristics was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test. Joint effects survival analysis was performed to further examine the relationship between GPC genes and prognosis. A prognosis nomogram was established based on clinical characteristics and prognosis-related genes. Prognosis-related genes were investigated by genome-wide co-expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was carried out to identify potential mechanisms of these genes affecting prognosis. Results In TCGA database, high expression of GPC2, GPC3, and GPC5 was significantly associated with favorable survival (log-rank P = 0.031, 0.021, and 0.028, respectively; adjusted P value = 0.005, 0.022, and 0.020, respectively), and joint effects analysis of these genes was effective for prognosis prediction. The prognosis nomogram was applied to predict the survival probability using the total scores calculated. Genome-wide co-expression and GSEA analysis suggested that the GPC2 may affect prognosis through sequence-specific DNA binding, protein transport, cell differentiation and oncogenic signatures (KRAS, RAF, STK33, and VEGFA). GPC3 may be related to cell adhesion, angiogenesis, inflammatory response, signaling pathways like Ras, Rap1, PI3K-Akt, chemokine, GPCR, and signatures like cyclin D1, p53, PTEN. GPC5 may be involved in transcription factor complex, TFRC1, oncogenic signatures (HOXA9 and BMI1), gene methylation, phospholipid metabolic process, glycerophospholipid metabolism, cell cycle, and EGFR pathway. Conclusion GPC2, GPC3, and GPC5 expression may serve as prognostic indicators in PDAC, and combination of these genes showed a higher efficiency for prognosis prediction.
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Hassan N, Greve B, Espinoza-Sánchez NA, Götte M. Cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans as multifunctional integrators of signaling in cancer. Cell Signal 2020; 77:109822. [PMID: 33152440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) represent a large proportion of the components that constitute the extracellular matrix (ECM). They are a diverse group of glycoproteins characterized by a covalent link to a specific glycosaminoglycan type. As part of the ECM, heparan sulfate (HS)PGs participate in both physiological and pathological processes including cell recruitment during inflammation and the promotion of cell proliferation, adhesion and motility during development, angiogenesis, wound repair and tumor progression. A key function of HSPGs is their ability to modulate the expression and function of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, morphogens, and adhesion molecules. This is due to their capacity to act as ligands or co-receptors for various signal-transducing receptors, affecting pathways such as FGF, VEGF, chemokines, integrins, Wnt, notch, IL-6/JAK-STAT3, and NF-κB. The activation of those pathways has been implicated in the induction, progression, and malignancy of a tumor. For many years, the study of signaling has allowed for designing specific drugs targeting these pathways for cancer treatment, with very positive results. Likewise, HSPGs have become the subject of cancer research and are increasingly recognized as important therapeutic targets. Although they have been studied in a variety of preclinical and experimental models, their mechanism of action in malignancy still needs to be more clearly defined. In this review, we discuss the role of cell-surface HSPGs as pleiotropic modulators of signaling in cancer and identify them as promising markers and targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Hassan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany; Biotechnology Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nancy A Espinoza-Sánchez
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, A1, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.
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Guereño M, Delgado Pastore M, Lugones AC, Cercato M, Todaro L, Urtreger A, Peters MG. Glypican-3 (GPC3) inhibits metastasis development promoting dormancy in breast cancer cells by p38 MAPK pathway activation. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151096. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Doo DW, Meza-Perez S, Londoño AI, Goldsberry WN, Katre AA, Boone JD, Moore DJ, Hudson CT, Betella I, McCaw TR, Gangrade A, Bao R, Luke JJ, Yang ES, Birrer MJ, Starenki D, Cooper SJ, Buchsbaum DJ, Norian LA, Randall TD, Arend RC. Inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway enhances antitumor immunity in ovarian cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920913798. [PMID: 32313567 PMCID: PMC7158255 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920913798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is linked to tumorigenesis in a variety of tumors and promotes T cell exclusion and resistance to checkpoint inhibitors. We sought to determine whether a small molecule inhibitor of this pathway, WNT974, would impair tumor growth, affect gene expression patterns, and improve the immune response in human and murine ovarian cancer models. Methods: Human ovarian cancer cells were treated with WNT974 in vitro. RNAseq libraries were constructed and differences in gene expression patterns between responders and nonresponders were compared to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Mice with subcutaneous or intraperitoneal ID8 ovarian cancer tumors were treated with WNT974, paclitaxel, combination, or control. Tumor growth and survival were measured. Flow cytometry and β-TCR repertoire analysis were used to determine the immune response. Results: Gene expression profiling revealed distinct signatures in responders and nonresponders, which strongly correlated with T cell infiltration patterns in the TCGA analysis of ovarian cancer. WNT974 inhibited tumor growth, prevented ascites formation, and prolonged survival in mouse models. WNT974 increased the ratio of CD8+ T cells to T regulatory cells (Tregs) in tumors and enhanced the effector functions of infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Treatment also decreased the expression of inhibitory receptors on CD8+ T cells. Combining WNT974 with paclitaxel further reduced tumor growth, prolonged survival, and expanded the T cell repertoire. Conclusions: These findings suggest that inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may have a potent immunomodulatory effect in the treatment of ovarian cancer, particularly when combined with paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Doo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Selene Meza-Perez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Angelina I Londoño
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Whitney N Goldsberry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ashwini A Katre
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jonathan D Boone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dylana J Moore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Cindy T Hudson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ilaria Betella
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tyler R McCaw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Abhishek Gangrade
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Riyue Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason J Luke
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael J Birrer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dmytro Starenki
- Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Sara J Cooper
- Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Donald J Buchsbaum
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lyse A Norian
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rebecca C Arend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street South, 176F Rm 10250, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
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Bakheet AMH, Zhao C, Chen JN, Zhang JY, Huang JT, Du Y, Gong LP, Bi YH, Shao CK. Improving pathological early diagnosis and differential biomarker value for hepatocellular carcinoma via RNAscope technology. Hepatol Int 2019; 14:96-104. [PMID: 31832976 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-019-10006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnostic and prognostic values of glypican3 (GPC3) and glutamine synthetase (GS) proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been reported, but their specificity and sensitivity remain low. Here, we applied RNAscope to improve HCC early pathological and differential diagnosis by estimating GPC3 and GS mRNAs. METHODS We performed RNAscope and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect GPC3 and GS biomarkers on the tissue sections of 194 cases, including high- and low-grade liver dysplastic nodules; highly, moderately, and poorly differentiated HCCs; intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs); metastatic HCC; and carcinomas from other organs. RESULTS The results showed that all the cases that were negative for GPC3 by RNAscope were also negative for this protein by IHC. The use of RNAscope assay improved the GPC3 and GS specificity and sensitivity by 20-30%. Hence, HCC shows early recognition and upgrades the metastatic HCC differentiation by 23% compared with IHC (p = 0.0001, 0.0064). Meanwhile, all liver cirrhosis, cholangiocytes and non-HCC samples were negative for GPC3 and GS except lymphocytes in lymphomas, and 2 (8.3%) out of the 24 ICC samples but not in the cancer cells. CONCLUSION RNAscope for GPC3 and GS panel was highly specific and sensitive for the pathological identification of dysplastic nodules, early stages of HCCs, and would differentiate them from HCCs and metastatic tumors compared with IHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Musa Hago Bakheet
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ning Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ting Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Gong
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Hua Bi
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Kui Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Role of cell surface proteoglycans in cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 62:48-67. [PMID: 31336150 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, understanding how tumor cells evade the immune system and their communication with their tumor microenvironment, has been the subject of intense investigation, with the aim of developing new cancer immunotherapies. The current therapies against cancer such as monoclonal antibodies against checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T-cell transfer, cytokines, vaccines, and oncolytic viruses have managed to improve the clinical outcome of the patients. However, in some tumor entities, the response is limited and could benefit from the identification of novel therapeutic targets. It is known that tumor-extracellular matrix interplay and matrix remodeling are necessary for anti-tumor and pro-tumoral immune responses. Proteoglycans are dominant components of the extracellular matrix and are a highly heterogeneous group of proteins characterized by the covalent attachment of a specific linear carbohydrate chain of the glycosaminoglycan type. At cell surfaces, these molecules modulate the expression and activity of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules, and function as signaling co-receptors. By these mechanisms, proteoglycans influence the behavior of cancer cells and their microenvironment during the progression of solid tumors and hematopoietic malignancies. In this review, we discuss why cell surface proteoglycans are attractive pharmacological targets in cancer, and we present current and recent developments in cancer immunology and immunotherapy utilizing proteoglycan-targeted strategies.
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