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Brożek J, Poprawa I, Wegierek P, Stroiński A. Functional Morphology and Ultrastructure of the Peripheral Antennal Sensillar System of Graphosoma italicum (Müller, 1766) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). INSECTS 2024; 15:528. [PMID: 39057261 PMCID: PMC11277130 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The antennae of the shield bug Graphosoma italicum (Müller, 1766) were examined through scanning and transmission electron microscopy to reveal their general morphology, as well as the antennal sensilla's distribution, size, and ultrastructure of their dendrites and function. The antennae comprise five antennomeres (one scape, two pedicels, and two flagellomeres). Different lengths of chaetic mechanosensilla (Ch1-Ch4) exist on all antennomeres, and several highly sensitive campaniform sensilla are embedded in the exoskeleton and measure cuticular strain. One pair of peg sensilla, the typical proprioceptive, is only on the proximal edge of the first pedicel and directed to the distal edge of the scapus. The antennal flagellum possesses two subtypes of trichoid and basiconic sensilla, each with one type of coeloconic olfactory sensilla. The distinctive characteristics of G. italicum are also apparent in two subtypes of coeloconic sensilla embedded in different cavities on both antennomeres of the flagellum, probably with a thermo-hypersensitive function. All studied morphological types of the sensilla and their function were supported by ultrastructural elements. The long and thin trichoid sensilla type 2 (TrS2) with an olfactive function was the most abundant sensilla localized on both flagellomeres. The peripheral antennal sensilla system consists of six main types of sensilla divided into twelve subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Brożek
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (J.B.); (I.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Izabela Poprawa
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (J.B.); (I.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Piotr Wegierek
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (J.B.); (I.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Adam Stroiński
- Polish Academy of Science, Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland
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Hao E, Liu R, Xu R, Lu P, Qiao H. Morphology and location of sensilla in the antennae and ovipositor of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2023; 73:101252. [PMID: 36893564 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius is a major quarantine pest that was reported in China in 2013 and mostly damages Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Reverse chemical ecology, which uses chemical lures to catch or block insects from mating is the classic way to control forestry pests. This indicates that insect sensilla play a crucial role in detecting external chemical and physical stimuli. Nonetheless, the categorization and distribution of sensilla on the antennae and ovipositor of S. noctilio are insufficiently specific. In this paper, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the ultrastructure of the sensilla of S. noctilio on the antenna and ovipositor. It was found that the types and distribution of sensilla on the antennae of S. noctilio male and female are consistent, and six types of sensilla are found: sensilla trichodea (ST), sensilla chaetica (SC), Böhm bristles (BB), sensilla basiconica (SB), sensilla ampullacea (SA), and contact chemoreceptors (CC). Besides, there are five types of sensilla on the female ovipositor. In addition to ST, SC and BB, two more types of sensilla are also found: sensilla cavity (SCa) and sensilla coeloconica (SCo). Through identification of the morphology and distribution of the sensilla, the functions of different sensilla in the mating and host selection mechanisms of S. noctilio are proposed, thereby establishing a foundation for S. noctilio chemical communication research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhua Hao
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruirui Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Haili Qiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Xie TY, Ma SY, He FX. Report on antennal sensilla of Aphelocheirus ellipsoideus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Aphelocheiridae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 111:e21917. [PMID: 35618668 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The comparative morphology study on antennal sensilla of Aphelocheirus ellipsoideus from the family Aphelocheiridae, carried out with the use of a scanning electron microscope, is provided. Five main types of mechano-, chemo-, and thermo-hygroreceptive sensilla with two subtypes of sensilla basiconica were found and described on their surface, including sensilla trichodea, campaniformia, basiconica, ampullacea, and plate-like. Antennal sensilla of A. ellipsoideus on macropterous and brachypterous forms were different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Yin Xie
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shi-Yan Ma
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fu-Xia He
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Nowińska A, Brożek J. The variability of antennal sensilla in Naucoridae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha). Sci Rep 2021; 11:19651. [PMID: 34608210 PMCID: PMC8490415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology and distribution of sensilla on the surface of the antennae of the naucorids' species were studied via scanning electron microscopy. Eleven types of sensilla were identified regarding specific sensory modalities, based on their cuticular morphology. Cuticle morphology identifies five types of sensilla trichodea, four types of sensilla basiconica, one type of sensillum coeloconicum and sensillum ampullaceum. Three new types of mechanosensitive sensilla were found. Moreover, the morphological diversity between the antennae allowed the distinction of ten different antennal types that correspond to different sensillar sets. The sensilla found in Naucoridae share similarities with the sensilla of other nepomorphan taxa, as well as of terrestrial insects. However, no sensillar synapomorphy was found between Naucoridae and Aphelocheiridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nowińska
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Brożek
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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Hao YN, Sun YX, Liu CZ. Functional morphology of antennae and sensilla of Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237452. [PMID: 32764805 PMCID: PMC7413517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The lady beetle Hippodamia variegata is an important biocontrol agent of many aphids. In this study, the fine morphology of antennae as well as the typology, morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla were comprehensively examined by scanning electron microscopy. The antennal morphology of female and male are similar and consist of the scape, pedicel, and nine flagellomeres. No significant difference was detected in the length of each segment between two sexes, while the male antennae are much stronger than females. In total, six types of sensilla can be defined on antenna, including Böhm bristle, sensilla chaetica (with three subtypes), sensilla basiconica (with three subtypes), sensilla trichodea, sensilla placodea and sensilla coeloconica. It is worth noting that sensilla chaetica III distributed only on the fixed position of male antennae. In addition, the functional morphology of antennae of H. variegata were compared with other lady beetles from multiple perspectives. Specially, the function of sensilla were also discussed according to their morphology, location and information from previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Hao
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuan-Xing Sun
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chang-Zhong Liu
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Strauß J. Neuronal Innervation of the Subgenual Organ Complex and the Tibial Campaniform Sensilla in the Stick Insect Midleg. INSECTS 2020; 11:E40. [PMID: 31947968 PMCID: PMC7022571 DOI: 10.3390/insects11010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensory organs in legs play are crucial receptors in the feedback control of walking and in the detection of substrate-borne vibrations. Stick insects serve as a model for the physiological role of chordotonal organs and campaniform sensilla. This study documents, by axonal tracing, the neural innervation of the complex chordotonal organs and groups of campaniform sensilla in the proximal tibia of the midleg in Sipyloidea sipylus. In total, 6 nerve branches innervate the different sensory structures, and the innervation pattern associates different sensilla types by their position. Sensilla on the anterior and posterior tibia are innervated from distinct nerve branches. In addition, the variation in innervation is studied for five anatomical branching points. The most common variation is the innervation of the subgenual organ sensilla by two nerve branches rather than a single one. The fusion of commonly separated nerve branches also occurred. However, a common innervation pattern can be demonstrated, which is found in >75% of preparations. The variation did not include crossings of nerves between the anterior and posterior side of the leg. The study corrects the innervation of the posterior subgenual organ reported previously. The sensory neuroanatomy and innervation pattern can guide further physiological studies of mechanoreceptor organs and allow evolutionary comparisons to related insect groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Strauß
- AG Integrative Sensory Physiology, Institute for Animal Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26 (IFZ), 35392 Gießen, Germany
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Functional morphology of the mouthparts of lady beetle Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), with reference to their feeding mechanism. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-019-00474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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