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Ibrahim K, Chatanga E, Mohamed NS, Ahmed A, Alasmari S, Almathen F, Nakao R, Salim B. Intra- and interspecies variation and population dynamics of Fasciola gigantica among ruminants in Sudan. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:210. [PMID: 38743097 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Fasciola gigantica is a widespread parasite that causes neglected disease in livestock worldwide. Its high transmissibility and dispersion are attributed to its ability to infect intermediate snail hosts and adapt to various mammalian definitive hosts. This study investigated the variation and population dynamics of F. gigantica in cattle, sheep, and goats from three states in Sudan. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) genes were sequenced successfully to examine intra and interspecific differences. ND1 exhibited higher diversity than COI, with 15 haplotypes and 10 haplotypes, respectively. Both genes had high haplotype diversity but low nucleotide diversity, with 21 and 11 polymorphic sites for ND1 and COI, respectively. Mismatch distribution analysis and neutrality tests revealed that F. gigantica from different host species was in a state of population expansion. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees and median networks revealed that F. gigantica in Sudan and other African countries had host-specific and country-specific lineages for both genes. The study also indicated that F. gigantica-infected small ruminants were evolutionarily distant, suggesting deep and historical interspecies adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Ibrahim
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Elisha Chatanga
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Nouh S Mohamed
- Molecular Biology Unit, Sirius Training and Research Center, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ayman Ahmed
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Saeed Alasmari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Najran University, Najran, 1988, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Almathen
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Husbandry, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Bashir Salim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 32, Khartoum North, Sudan.
- Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia.
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New Insights Into the Genetic Variability of Fasciola Hepatica (Trematoda) in Algeria and Relationships with Other Geographic Regions Revealed By Mitochondrial DNA. Helminthologia 2022; 59:152-164. [PMID: 36118371 PMCID: PMC9444205 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2022-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the level of genetic variability of Fasciola hepatica flukes isolated from cattle in Algeria and to determine the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships with sequences isolated worldwide. Mitochondrial (Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I gene - COI) and nuclear markers (Internal Transcribed Spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA - ITS) for 24 F. hepatica flukes isolated from 12 cattle in North Algeria were characterised. Only two haplotypes were obtained for the COI gene, resulting in a low level of genetic variation. The analysis of variation among the COI sequences isolated from around the world did not show high levels of genetic divergence, and the phylogenetic analysis revealed a genetic similarity among F. hepatica isolates from different areas of the world. The analysis of the ITS region showed a low level of variability, which prevented obtaining informative phylogenetic and phylogeographic results. The present study also revealed that specimens of F. hepatica are genetically similar in different hosts, indicating that the genetic structure among populations of this parasite is not influenced by the host species. The low levels of genetic variation for COI and ITS regions among fluke isolates from all continents are consistent with a common origin for the flukes’ worldwide distribution.
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Lalor R, Cwiklinski K, Calvani NED, Dorey A, Hamon S, Corrales JL, Dalton JP, De Marco Verissimo C. Pathogenicity and virulence of the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola Gigantica that cause the zoonosis Fasciolosis. Virulence 2021; 12:2839-2867. [PMID: 34696693 PMCID: PMC8632118 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1996520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciolosis caused by the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica is one of the most important neglected parasitic diseases of humans and animals. The ability of the parasites to infect and multiply in their intermediate snail hosts, and their adaptation to a wide variety of mammalian definitive hosts contribute to their high transmissibility and distribution. Within the mammalian host, the trauma caused by the immature flukes burrowing through the liver parenchyma is associated with most of the pathogenesis. Similarly, the feeding activity and the physical presence of large flukes in the bile ducts can lead to anemia, inflammation, obstruction and cholangitis. The high frequency of non-synonymous polymorphisms found in Fasciola spp. genes allows for adaptation and invasion of a broad range of hosts. This is also facilitated by parasite’s excretory-secretory (ES) molecules that mediate physiological changes that allows their establishment within the host. ES contains cathepsin peptidases that aid parasite invasion by degrading collagen and fibronectin. In the bile ducts, cathepsin-L is critical to hemoglobin digestion during feeding activities. Other molecules (peroxiredoxin, cathepsin-L and Kunitz-type inhibitor) stimulate a strong immune response polarized toward a Treg/Th2 phenotype that favors fluke’s survival. Helminth defense molecule, fatty acid binding proteins, Fasciola-specific glycans and miRNAs modulate host pro-inflammatory responses, while antioxidant scavenger enzymes work in an orchestrated way to deter host oxidant-mediated damage. Combining these strategies Fasciola spp. survive for decades within their mammalian host, where they reproduce and spread to become one of the most widespread zoonotic worm parasites in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lalor
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Krystyna Cwiklinski
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nichola Eliza Davies Calvani
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Amber Dorey
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Siobhán Hamon
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jesús López Corrales
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - John Pius Dalton
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Carolina De Marco Verissimo
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Beesley NJ, Attree E, Vázquez-Prieto S, Vilas R, Paniagua E, Ubeira FM, Jensen O, Pruzzo C, Álvarez JD, Malandrini JB, Solana H, Hodgkinson JE. Evidence of population structuring following population genetic analyses of Fasciola hepatica from Argentina. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:471-480. [PMID: 33581141 PMCID: PMC8113023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
320 Argentinian Fasciola hepatica were genotyped using a panel of microsatellites. Overall there was high genotypic richness: 263 distinct genotypes were identified. Population structuring of F. hepatica was evident across Argentina. Within these sub-populations there is largely random mating. Transmission of clonemates occurs: clonal parasites accounted for 26.6% of all parasites.
Fasciola hepatica, the liver fluke, is a trematode parasite that causes disease of economic importance in livestock. As a zoonosis this parasite also poses a risk to human health in areas where it is endemic. Population genetic studies can reveal the mechanisms responsible for genetic structuring (non-panmixia) within parasite populations and provide valuable insights into population dynamics, which in turn enables theoretical predictions of evolutionary dynamics such as the evolution of drug resistance. Here we genotyped 320 F. hepatica collected from 14 definitive hosts from four provinces in Argentina. STRUCTURE analysis indicated three population clusters, and principal coordinate analysis confirmed this, showing population clustering across provinces. Similarly, pairwise FST values amongst all four provinces were significant, with standardised pairwise FST (F′ST) ranging from 0.0754 to 0.6327. Therefore, population genetic structure was evident across these four provinces in Argentina. However, there was no evidence of deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, so it appears that within these sub-populations there is largely random mating. We identified 263 unique genotypes, which gave a clonal diversity of 82%. Parasites with identical genotypes, clones, accounted for 26.6% of the parasites studied and were found in 12 of the 14 hosts studied, suggesting some clonemate transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Beesley
- Veterinary Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Attree
- Veterinary Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Severo Vázquez-Prieto
- Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile; Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
| | - Román Vilas
- Departamento de Zoología, Genética y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Esperanza Paniagua
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación en Análisis Químicos y Biológicos (IAQBUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Florencio M Ubeira
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación en Análisis Químicos y Biológicos (IAQBUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oscar Jensen
- Centro de Investigación en Zoonosis, Sarmiento, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Cesar Pruzzo
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - José D Álvarez
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Jorge Bruno Malandrini
- Laboratorio de Anatomía y Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Hugo Solana
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Jane E Hodgkinson
- Veterinary Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Fairweather I, Brennan GP, Hanna REB, Robinson MW, Skuce PJ. Drug resistance in liver flukes. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2020; 12:39-59. [PMID: 32179499 PMCID: PMC7078123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver flukes include Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica, Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis spp., Fascioloides magna, Gigantocotyle explanatum and Dicrocoelium spp. The two main species, F. hepatica and F. gigantica, are major parasites of livestock and infections result in huge economic losses. As with C. sinensis, Opisthorchis spp. and Dicrocoelium spp., they affect millions of people worldwide, causing severe health problems. Collectively, the group is referred to as the Food-Borne Trematodes and their true significance is now being more widely recognised. However, reports of resistance to triclabendazole (TCBZ), the most widely used anti-Fasciola drug, and to other current drugs are increasing. This is a worrying scenario. In this review, progress in understanding the mechanism(s) of resistance to TCBZ is discussed, focusing on tubulin mutations, altered drug uptake and changes in drug metabolism. There is much interest in the development of new drugs and drug combinations, the re-purposing of non-flukicidal drugs, and the development of new drug formulations and delivery systems; all this work will be reviewed. Sound farm management practices also need to be put in place, with effective treatment programmes, so that drugs can be used wisely and their efficacy conserved as much as is possible. This depends on reliable advice being given by veterinarians and other advisors. Accurate diagnosis and identification of drug-resistant fluke populations is central to effective control: to determine the actual extent of the problem and to determine how well or otherwise a treatment has worked; for research on establishing the mechanism of resistance (and identifying molecular markers of resistance); for informing treatment options; and for testing the efficacy of new drug candidates. Several diagnostic methods are available, but there are no recommended guidelines or standardised protocols in place and this is an issue that needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fairweather
- School of Biological Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK.
| | - G P Brennan
- School of Biological Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - R E B Hanna
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD, UK
| | - M W Robinson
- School of Biological Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - P J Skuce
- Disease Control, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, UK
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Abstract
The worldwide occurring common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica can infect humans and animals and leads to considerable illness and economic loss annually. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of F. hepatica in Austria. In total, 31 adult flukes isolated from cattle from various regions in Austria were investigated for their cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) gene sequences. It was shown that Austrian isolates of F. hepatica reveal extensive genetic diversity. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first data on the diversity of F. hepatica in Austria.
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Yu C, Qiu M, Jiang X, Zhang Z, Du H, Li Q, Xia B, Song X, Hu C, Xiong X, Yang L, Peng H, Chen J, Wang Y, Yang C. Genetic Diversity and Phyletic Evolution of Eleven Chinese Indigenous and Three Commercial Chicken Breeds by mtDNA Sequences. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Yu
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, China
| | - M Qiu
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, China
| | - X Jiang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, China
| | - H Du
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, China
| | - Q Li
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, China
| | - B Xia
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, China
| | - X Song
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, China
| | - C Hu
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, China
| | - X Xiong
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, China
| | - L Yang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, China
| | - H Peng
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, China
| | - J Chen
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, China
| | - Y Wang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - C Yang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, China
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Sabourin E, Alda P, Vázquez A, Hurtrez-Boussès S, Vittecoq M. Impact of Human Activities on Fasciolosis Transmission. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:891-903. [PMID: 30195634 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a worldwide disease caused by the liver fluke Fasciola spp. This food- and water-borne disease is a major public health and veterinary issue. It is currently (re)emerging in several regions mainly due to the rapid evolution of human activities. This article reviews the current knowledge of the impact of irrigation-system management, livestock management, and human diet and hygiene habits on the emergence of fasciolosis. We also identify the gaps in this knowledge and the possible solutions for limiting these impacts. Integrated control seems to be the most effective solution for controlling fasciolosis, because it enables monitoring, prevention, and rapid action in case of the (re)emergence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Sabourin
- Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France; MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Pilar Alda
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Antonio Vázquez
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba
| | - Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Département de Biologie-Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Vittecoq
- Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France; MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Cwiklinski K, Dalton JP. Advances in Fasciola hepatica research using 'omics' technologies. Int J Parasitol 2018; 48:321-331. [PMID: 29476869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The liver fluke Fasciola hepatica is an economically important pathogen of livestock worldwide, as well as being an important neglected zoonosis. Parasite control is reliant on the use of drugs, particularly triclabendazole, which is effective against multiple parasite stages. However, the spread of parasites resistant to triclabendazole has intensified the pursuit for novel control strategies. Emerging 'omics' technologies are helping advance our understanding of liver fluke biology, specifically the molecules that act at the host-parasite interface and are central to infection, virulence and long-term survival within the definitive host. This review discusses the technological sequencing advances that have facilitated the unbiased analysis of liver fluke biology, resulting in an extensive range of 'omics' datasets. In addition, we highlight the 'omics' studies of host responses to F. hepatica infection that, when combined with the parasite datasets, provide the opportunity for integrated analyses of host-parasite interactions. These extensive datasets will form the foundation for future in-depth analysis of F. hepatica biology and development, and the search for new drug or vaccine interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Cwiklinski
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - John P Dalton
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Carnevale S, Malandrini JB, Pantano ML, Soria CC, Rodrigues-Silva R, Machado-Silva JR, Velásquez JN, Kamenetzky L. First genetic characterization of Fasciola hepatica in Argentina by nuclear and mitochondrial gene markers. Vet Parasitol 2017; 245:34-38. [PMID: 28969834 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a trematode showing genetic variation among isolates from different regions of the world. The objective of this work was to characterize for the first time F. hepatica isolates circulating in different regions of Argentina. Twenty-two adult flukes were collected from naturally infected bovine livers in different areas from Argentina and used for DNA extraction. We carried out PCR amplification and sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunits 4 and 5 (nad4 and nad5) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) genes as genetic markers. Phylogenies were reconstructed using maximum parsimony algorithm. A total of 6 haplotypes were found for cox1, 4 haplotypes for nad4 and 3 haplotypes for nad5. The sequenced ITS1 fragment was identical in all samples. The analyzed cox1 gene fragment is the most variable marker and is recommended for future analyses. No geographic association was found in the Argentinean samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Carnevale
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas - ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 563, CP 1281 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Jorge Bruno Malandrini
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Maestro Quiroga 1ra, Cuadra, CP 4700 San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
| | - María Laura Pantano
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas - ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 563, CP 1281 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Cecilia Soria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Maestro Quiroga 1ra, Cuadra, CP 4700 San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Rosângela Rodrigues-Silva
- Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Machado-Silva
- Laboratório de Helmintologia Romero Lascasas Porto, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu, 444, Edifício Piquet Carneiro, quinto andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550170, Brazil
| | - Jorge Néstor Velásquez
- Hospital Municipal de Infecciosas "Dr. Francisco Javier Muñiz", Uspallata 2272, CP 1282 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Kamenetzky
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155 piso 13, CP 1121 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Beesley NJ, Williams DJL, Paterson S, Hodgkinson J. Fasciola hepatica demonstrates high levels of genetic diversity, a lack of population structure and high gene flow: possible implications for drug resistance. Int J Parasitol 2016; 47:11-20. [PMID: 27940066 PMCID: PMC5264428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Self-fertilisation does occur but is rare in field populations of Fasciola hepatica. Some hosts harboured genotypically identical parasites (clones). The presence of clones is consistent with clonal expansion and clumped transmission. 84% of 1579 F. hepatica had unique genotypes, indicating high genetic diversity. We found high gene flow, no population structure and low self-fertilisation rate.
Fasciola hepatica, the liver fluke, is a trematode parasite of considerable economic importance to the livestock industry and is a re-emerging zoonosis that poses a risk to human health in F. hepatica-endemic areas worldwide. Drug resistance is a substantial threat to the current and future control of F. hepatica, yet little is known about how the biology of the parasite influences the development and spread of resistance. Given that F. hepatica can self-fertilise and therefore inbreed, there is the potential for greater population differentiation and an increased likelihood of recessive alleles, such as drug resistance genes, coming together. This could be compounded by clonal expansion within the snail intermediate host and aggregation of parasites of the same genotype on pasture. Alternatively, widespread movement of animals that typically occurs in the UK could promote high levels of gene flow and prevent population differentiation. We identified clonal parasites with identical multilocus genotypes in 61% of hosts. Despite this, 84% of 1579 adult parasites had unique multilocus genotypes, which supports high levels of genotypic diversity within F. hepatica populations. Our analyses indicate a selfing rate no greater than 2%, suggesting that this diversity is in part due to the propensity for F. hepatica to cross-fertilise. Finally, although we identified high genetic diversity within a given host, there was little evidence for differentiation between populations from different hosts, indicating a single panmictic population. This implies that, once those emerge, anthelmintic resistance genes have the potential to spread rapidly through liver fluke populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Beesley
- Veterinary Parasitology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
| | - Diana J L Williams
- Veterinary Parasitology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Steve Paterson
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jane Hodgkinson
- Veterinary Parasitology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
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Abstract
Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola hepatica severely affects the efficiency of livestock production systems worldwide. In addition to the economic impact inflicted on livestock farmers, fasciolosis is an emergent zoonosis. This review emphasizes different aspects of the disease in South America. Available data on epidemiology in bovines and ovines in different countries, as well as a growing body of information on other domestic and wildlife definitive hosts, are summarized. The issue of drug resistance that compromises the long-term sustainability of current pharmacological strategies is examined from a regional perspective. Finally, efforts to develop a single-antigen recombinant vaccine in ruminants are reviewed, focusing on the cases of leucine aminopeptidase or thioredoxin glutathione reductase.
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Fasciola hepatica: a light and electron microscope study of the ovary and of the development of oocytes within eggs in the uterus provides an insight into reproductive strategy. Vet Parasitol 2016; 221:93-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kelley JM, Elliott TP, Beddoe T, Anderson G, Skuce P, Spithill TW. Current Threat of Triclabendazole Resistance in Fasciola hepatica. Trends Parasitol 2016; 32:458-469. [PMID: 27049013 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Triclabendazole (TCBZ) is the only chemical that kills early immature and adult Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) but widespread resistance to the drug greatly compromises fluke control in livestock and humans. The mode of action of TCBZ and mechanism(s) underlying parasite resistance to the drug are not known. Due to the high prevalence of TCBZ resistance (TCBZ-R), effective management of drug resistance is now critical for sustainable livestock production. Here, we discuss the current status of TCBZ-R in F. hepatica, the global distribution of resistance observed in livestock, the possible mechanism(s) of drug action, the proposed mechanisms and genetic basis of resistance, and the prospects for future control of liver fluke infections using an integrated parasite management (IPM) approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Kelley
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Travis Beddoe
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Philip Skuce
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Midlothian, UK
| | - Terry W Spithill
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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15
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Malatji DP, Tsotetsi AM, van Marle-Koster E, Muchadeyi FC. Population genetic structure of Ascaridia galli of extensively raised chickens of South Africa. Vet Parasitol 2015; 216:89-92. [PMID: 26801600 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ascaridia galli is one of the most common nematode affecting chickens. This study characterized A. galli parasites collected from South African village chickens of Limpopo (n=18) and KwaZulu-Natal (n=22) provinces using the 510bp sequences of cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 gene of the mitochondrial DNA. Fourteen and 12 polymorphic sites were observed for Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal sequences, respectively. Six haplotypes were observed in total. Haplotype diversity was high and ranged from 0.749 for Limpopo province to 0.758 for KwaZulu-Natal province isolates. There was no genetic differentiation between A. galli from Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal provinces. The six South African haplotypes were unique compared to those published in the GeneBank sampled from Hy-line chickens raised under organic farming in Denmark. The utility of cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 gene as a potential genetic marker for studying A. galli in village chicken populations is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Malatji
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa; Department of Wildlife and Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A M Tsotetsi
- Parasites, Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Program, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Free State (Qwa-qwa campus), South Africa
| | - E van Marle-Koster
- Department of Wildlife and Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - F C Muchadeyi
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
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16
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Zintl A, Talavera S, Sacchi-Nestor C, Ryan M, Chryssafidis A, Mulcahy G. Comparison of Fasciola hepatica genotypes in relation to their ability to establish patent infections in the final host. Vet Parasitol 2015; 210:145-50. [PMID: 25936437 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a common and economically important parasite of sheep and cattle. Although its marked genetic heterogeneity is well recognised, an association between haplotypes and specific phenotypic traits has yet to be identified. Using experimental infections in cattle this study investigated whether a fragment of mitochondrial DNA (coding for cytochrome c oxidase subunit III, transfer RNA histidine and cytochrome b) and 3 nuclear microsatellite loci (Fh15, Fh23 and Fh25) could be used as markers for the parasite's ability to complete its tissue migration and establish in the liver of the final host. While we did not detect any shift in the frequency of the various genotypes in the population of metacercariae used for the infection on the one hand and the flukes collected from the liver on the other, there was an indication that parasites with heterozygous microsatellite alleles may have a selective advantage over homozygote parasites during their migration in the final host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annetta Zintl
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Silvia Talavera
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Marion Ryan
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Grace Mulcahy
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
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17
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Analysis of genetic variability of Fasciola hepatica populations from different geographical locations by ISSR-PCR. Parasitology 2014; 142:527-33. [PMID: 25266441 DOI: 10.1017/s003118201400153x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Inter-simple sequence repeats markers were used to determinate the genetic variability of Fasciola hepatica populations recovered from sheep and cattle from Spain (Sp1, Sp2, Sp3 and Sp4), UK (Eng), Ireland (Ir) and Mexico (Mex). Twenty five primers were tested but only five produced 39 reproducible bands, being 71.79% polymorphic bands. This percentage ranged from 10.26% in Sp4 to 48.72% in Sp1, and per host between 28.21 and 48.72% in sheep and between 10.26 and 38.46% in cattle. This relatively low range of genetic diversity within populations, with a mean of 34.40%, implies that a large proportion of variation resided among populations. The population differentiation (Gst = 0.547) indicated that 54.7% of variation is due to differences between populations and 45.3% due to differences within population. The Nei's distance ranged between 0.091 and 0.230 in sheep and between 0.150 and 0.337 in cattle. The genetic relationships between populations and individuals were shown by a UPGMA dendrogram and a principal coordinate analysis; both grouped all populations separately from Sp4, a population of from the Midwest of Spain with the lowest level of diversity. Small genetic distances were observed between Eng and Ir, on the one hand, and Sp1, Sp2, Sp3, from the Northwest of Spain, together with Mex, on the other.
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18
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Zintl A, Garcia-Campos A, Trudgett A, Chryssafidis AL, Talavera-Arce S, Fu Y, Egan S, Lawlor A, Negredo C, Brennan G, Hanna RE, De Waal T, Mulcahy G. Bovine paramphistomes in Ireland. Vet Parasitol 2014; 204:199-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Molecular and Morphological Characterization of Fasciola spp. Isolated from Different Host Species in a Newly Emerging Focus of Human Fascioliasis in Iran. Vet Med Int 2014; 2014:405740. [PMID: 25018891 PMCID: PMC4075087 DOI: 10.1155/2014/405740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to find out the morphometric and genotypic divergences of the flukes isolated from different hosts in a newly emerging
focus of human fascioliasis in Iran. Adult Fasciola spp. were collected from 34 cattle, 13 sheep, and 11 goats from Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province,
southwest of Iran. Genomic DNA was extracted from the flukes and PCR-RFLP was used to characterize the isolates. The ITS1,
ITS2, and mitochondrial genes (mtDNA) of NDI and COI from individual liver flukes were amplified and the amplicons were sequenced.
Genetic variation within and between the species was evaluated by comparing the sequences.
Moreover, morphometric characteristics of flukes were measured through a computer image analysis system.
Based on RFLP profile, from the total of 58 isolates, 41 isolates (from cattle, sheep, and goat) were identified as
Fasciola hepatica, while 17 isolates from cattle were identified as Fasciola gigantica.
Comparison of the ITS1 and ITS2 sequences showed six and seven single-base substitutions, resulting in segregation of the specimens into two different genotypes.
The sequences of COI markers showed seven DNA polymorphic sites for F. hepatica and 35 DNA polymorphic sites for F. gigantica.
Morphological diversity of the two species was observed in linear, ratios, and areas measurements. The findings have implications for studying the population genetics, epidemiology, and control of the disease.
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20
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Martínez-Valladares M, Rojo-Vázquez FA. Intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation of Fasciola hepatica eggs from sheep with different level of anthelmintic resistance. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:2733-41. [PMID: 24832814 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, Fasciola hepatica strains of sheep with different degrees of resistance to anthelmintics were analyzed by sequencing the cytochrome C oxidase (COX1) and the NADH dehydrogenase (NAD1) subunits. The strains were as follows: LS, susceptible to all drugs tested; CS, resistant to albendazole and triclabendazole; and SV, resistant to albendazole and clorsulon. The molecular characterization was done in eggs recovered from sheep infected by LS and CS. In relation to SV, eggs were recovered before (SV0) and after a treatment with albendazole (SVA) and clorsulon (SVC). Nested PCRs were carried out to amplify a fragment of 798 bp of the COX1 subunit and 870 bp of the NAD1 subunit. The pairwise sequence identity between eggs was analyzed for each strain. Population diversity indices, neutrality indices, and the degree of gene flow among the strains were evaluated. As a result, we have shown that there was homogeneity in the demographic expansion of the studied strains, and, according to the pairwise fixation index, these were not genetically differentiated. Although we found that the resistant strains had lower pairwise percentage similarities, higher haplotype diversity, and higher frequencies of specific SNPs, especially in the COX1 subunit, these differences were not very significant. Therefore, we conclude that the presence of adult flukes resistant to anthelmintics does not result in significant higher genetic diversity in the mtDNA of their eggs.
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21
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Elliott T, Muller A, Brockwell Y, Murphy N, Grillo V, Toet HM, Anderson G, Sangster N, Spithill TW. Evidence for high genetic diversity of NAD1 and COX1 mitochondrial haplotypes among triclabendazole resistant and susceptible populations and field isolates of Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) in Australia. Vet Parasitol 2013; 200:90-6. [PMID: 24360656 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the global incidence of Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) infections exhibiting resistance to triclabendazole (TCBZ) has increased, resulting in increased economic losses for livestock producers and threatening future control. The development of TCBZ resistance and the worldwide discovery of F. hepatica population diversity has emphasized the need to further understand the genetic structure of drug susceptible and resistant Fasciola populations within Australia. In this study, the genetic diversity of liver flukes was estimated by sequencing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoding the NAD1 (530 bp) and COX1 (420 bp) genes of 208 liver flukes (F. hepatica) collected from three populations: field isolates obtained from abattoirs from New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria (Vic); three TCBZ-resistant fluke populations from NSW and Victoria; and the well-established TCBZ-susceptible Sunny Corner laboratory isolate. Overall nucleotide diversity for all flukes analysed of 0.00516 and 0.00336 was estimated for the NAD1 and COX1 genes respectively. Eighteen distinct haplotypes were established for the NAD1 gene and six haplotypes for the COX1 gene, resulting in haplotype diversity levels of 0.832 and 0.482, respectively. One field isolate showed a similar low level of haplotype diversity as seen in the Sunny Corner laboratory isolate. Analysis of TCBZ-resistant infrapopulations from 3 individual cattle grazing one property revealed considerable sequence parasite diversity between cattle. Analysis of parasite TCBZ-resistant infrapopulations from sheep and cattle revealed haplotypes unique to each host, but no significant difference between parasite populations. Fst analysis of fluke populations revealed little differentiation between the resistant and field populations. This study has revealed a high level of diversity in field and drug resistant flukes in South-Eastern Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Elliott
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - A Muller
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Y Brockwell
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - N Murphy
- Department of Genetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - V Grillo
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia; Australian Wildlife Health Network, Taronga Zoo, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - H M Toet
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - G Anderson
- Virbac (Australia) Pty Ltd., Australia, Milperra, NSW, Australia
| | - N Sangster
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - T W Spithill
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia; School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
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22
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Khan MK, Sajid MS, Riaz H, Ahmad NE, He L, Shahzad M, Hussain A, Khan MN, Iqbal Z, Zhao J. The global burden of fasciolosis in domestic animals with an outlook on the contribution of new approaches for diagnosis and control. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:2421-30. [PMID: 23728732 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is an economically important disease for livestock, as well as being zoonotic. Recent figures on the prevalence of this disease have caused alarm concerning its potential for an increased prevalence in the future. The prevalence of fascioliosis has been documented from different regions of the world, helping us identify areas where future research needs to be focused. This manuscript is a review of the current status of the disease, the pathogenic species involved, diagnostic techniques (with new modifications and comparative specificity, sensitivity, and rapidity of these tests), chemotherapy, and vaccination. This also encompasses inaccurate reports on vaccination and drug development as well as the latest technologies to find promising candidates for drugs and vaccines. Drugs with lower efficacy have been used on some farms which lead to exacerbation of the clinical disease, presumably due to the development of drug resistance. Future studies should be focused on (1) the use of the most reliable diagnostic tests for periodic monitoring of the disease, (2) insights of the ecobiology and transmission dynamics of the snail intermediate host and the best possible methods of their control, (3) in vitro and in vivo testing of chemotherapeutic compounds using sensitive methods, and (4) the identification of novel drug and vaccine candidates using modern molecular markers. This approach may help increase the reliability of chemotherapeutic agents and control nuisance, ultimately reducing the economic losses attributable to the livestock industry around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kasib Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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23
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Identification of putative markers of triclabendazole resistance by a genome-wide analysis of genetically recombinant Fasciola hepatica. Parasitology 2013; 140:1523-33. [PMID: 23721579 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182013000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite years of investigation into triclabendazole (TCBZ) resistance in Fasciola hepatica, the genetic mechanisms responsible remain unknown. Extensive analysis of multiple triclabendazole-susceptible and -resistant isolates using a combination of experimental in vivo and in vitro approaches has been carried out, yet few, if any, genes have been demonstrated experimentally to be associated with resistance phenotypes in the field. In this review we summarize the current understanding of TCBZ resistance from the approaches employed to date. We report the current genomic and genetic resources for F. hepatica that are available to facilitate novel functional genomics and genetic experiments for this parasite in the future. Finally, we describe our own non-biased approach to mapping the major genetic loci involved in conferring TCBZ resistance in F. hepatica.
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24
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Brusentsov II, Katokhin AV, Brusentsova IV, Shekhovtsov SV, Borovikov SN, Goncharenko GG, Lider LA, Romashov BV, Rusinek OT, Shibitov SK, Suleymanov MM, Yevtushenko AV, Mordvinov VA. Low genetic diversity in wide-spread Eurasian liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus suggests special demographic history of this trematode species. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62453. [PMID: 23634228 PMCID: PMC3636034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Opisthorchis felineus or Siberian liver fluke is a trematode parasite (Opisthorchiidae) that infects the hepato-biliary system of humans and other mammals. Despite its public health significance, this wide-spread Eurasian species is one of the most poorly studied human liver flukes and nothing is known about its population genetic structure and demographic history. In this paper, we attempt to fill this gap for the first time and to explore the genetic diversity in O. felineus populations from Eastern Europe (Ukraine, European part of Russia), Northern Asia (Siberia) and Central Asia (Northern Kazakhstan). Analysis of marker DNA fragments from O. felineus mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 3 (cox1, cox3) and nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences revealed that genetic diversity is very low across the large geographic range of this species. Microevolutionary processes in populations of trematodes may well be influenced by their peculiar biology. Nevertheless, we suggest that lack of population genetics structure observed in O. felineus can be primarily explained by the Pleistocene glacial events and subsequent sudden population growth from a very limited group of founders. Rapid range expansion of O. felineus through Asian and European territories after severe bottleneck points to a high dispersal potential of this trematode species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja I. Brusentsov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Katokhin
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina V. Brusentsova
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergei V. Shekhovtsov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergei N. Borovikov
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, S.Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | | | - Lyudmila A. Lider
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, S.Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Boris V. Romashov
- Scientific Department, Voronezh State Biosphere Reserve, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Olga T. Rusinek
- Department of Parasitology, The Baikal Museum at the Irkutsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Listvyanka, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Samat K. Shibitov
- Department of Epizootological Problems, All-Russian K.I. Skryabin Institute of Helminthology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marat M. Suleymanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Yevtushenko
- Department of Parasitology Ichthyopathology and Arachnology, National Scientific Center “Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine”, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Viatcheslav A. Mordvinov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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25
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Raina OK, Jacob SS, Sankar M, Bhattacharya D, Bandyopadyay S, Varghese A, Chamuah JK, Lalrinkima H. Genetic characterization of Fasciola gigantica from different geographical regions of India by ribosomal DNA markers. J Parasit Dis 2013; 39:27-32. [PMID: 25698855 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-013-0276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal DNA sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) and 28S ribosomal DNA (618 bp) of Fasciola gigantica collected from cattle and buffaloes from four different geographical locations of India, were characterized for genotyping. ITS-2 sequence was analyzed in 28 worms that was typical of F. gigantica and differed at six positions, with one of these being a distinguishing deletion (T) at the 327th position in F. gigantica relative to F. hepatica. However, Fasciola specimens also showed intraspecies sequence polymorphism in the ITS-2, with two different ITS-2 sequences existing in the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) array within a single Fasciola worm. One of the sequences was identical to that of F. gigantica and the other showed extensive sequence polymorphism in the ITS-2. Using BspH1-restriction fragment length polymorphism, six variable ITS-2 sequences in F. gigantica were identified within these parasite specimens and were found distributed in these four geographical regions. 28S rDNA sequence of 24 flukes, collected from the above four geographical regions, showed a single nucleotide polymorphism at 284th nucleotide (G/A). Analyzing the sequence data of 28S rDNA of F. gigantica available from some African and Asian countries for this polymorphic 284th nucleotide position, it is proposed that there are two basic lineages of the F. gigantica for 28S rDNA existing in the fluke populations from five African and several Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- O K Raina
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Siju Susan Jacob
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - M Sankar
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - D Bhattacharya
- National Research Centre on Yak, Dirang, Arunachal Pradesh India
| | - S Bandyopadyay
- Eastern Regional Station, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anju Varghese
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary College, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat India
| | | | - H Lalrinkima
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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26
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Walker SM, Prodöhl PA, Hoey EM, Fairweather I, Hanna REB, Brennan G, Trudgett A. Substantial genetic divergence between morphologically indistinguishable populations of Fasciola suggests the possibility of cryptic speciation. Int J Parasitol 2012; 42:1193-9. [PMID: 23131680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The liver flukes, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, are considered to be sister species and between them present a major threat worldwide to livestock production. In this study sequence data have been employed from informative regions of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of over 200 morphologically F. hepatica-like or F. gigantica-like flukes from Europe, sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia to assess genetic diversity. Evidence is presented for the existence of four well-separated clades: African gigantica-like flukes, Indian gigantica-like flukes, European hepatica-like flukes and African high-altitude hepatica-like flukes. Application of the Biological Species Concept to trematodes is problematic; however, the degree of separation between these groups was sufficient for them to be considered as distinct species using the four times rule for speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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27
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Rojo-Vázquez FA, Meana A, Valcárcel F, Martínez-Valladares M. Update on trematode infections in sheep. Vet Parasitol 2012; 189:15-38. [PMID: 22521973 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Trematode parasites live in the liver, fore stomachs or blood vessels of a wide range of animals and humans. Most of them have a special economic and veterinary significance. Liver fluke disease of sheep and other animal species is caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. Hepatic fasciolosis occurs throughout the world, where climatic conditions are suitable for the survival of aquatic intermediate host snails. Also of importance for ruminants, in some parts of the world, are Fasciola gigantica and Fascioloides magna. Other trematodes infecting ruminants include Dicrocoelium dendriticum; Eurytrema pancreaticum and Eurytrema coelomaticum. Among the Paramphistomidae, some species can infect sheep and other ruminants. Finally, Schistosoma spp. are found in the blood vessels of ruminants and are of minor importance in temperate regions. The manuscript concentrates on trematode species of veterinary importance for domestic sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Rojo-Vázquez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
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28
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Moazeni M, Sharifiyazdi H, Izadpanah A. Characterization of Fasciola hepatica genotypes from cattle and sheep in Iran using cytochrome C oxidase gene (CO1). Parasitol Res 2011; 110:2379-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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29
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Prevalence and implications of multiple-strain infections. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2011; 11:868-78. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(11)70241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Vilas R, Vázquez-Prieto S, Paniagua E. Contrasting patterns of population genetic structure of Fasciola hepatica from cattle and sheep: implications for the evolution of anthelmintic resistance. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 12:45-52. [PMID: 22036705 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Twelve polymorphic genetic markers, eight allozymic loci and four microsatellites, were used to characterize 20 infrapopulations of Fasciola hepatica (all flukes from 10 individual cattle and 10 sheep) from 11 farms in Northwest Spain. Results suggest different patterns of population genetic structure depending on the host species. Individuals identified as clones were much more frequent in sheep. The common presence of clones and its nonrandom occurrence among individual hosts suggests clumped transmission of liver flukes in sheep. After reducing significant repeated multilocus genotypes to one unique copy within infrapopulations, results show relatively high levels of gene diversity within infrapopulations from cattle and sheep (0.411 and 0.360 on average, respectively). However, parasites of sheep appear to show significantly more structured variation at the infrapopulation level (Standardized F(ST)=0.087 and 0.170 for parasites of cattle and sheep, respectively). Compared to the parasites from cattle, results suggest that populations from sheep show lower levels of gene flow, higher degree of aggregate transmission, higher probability of mating within clones, and lower parasitic load. These differences have implications for the evolution of anthelmintic resistance because they affect the effective population size and the degree of inbreeding. The development and rapid spread of resistance seems likely in the parasites of cattle because populations from the study area are characterized by high gene flow. However, results also suggest that the efficient selection of a new recessive advantageous mutation would be favored in parasites of sheep due to a greater potential for inbreeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román Vilas
- Departamento de Xenética, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Facultade de Veterinaria, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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Fairweather I. Reducing the future threat from (liver) fluke: realistic prospect or quixotic fantasy? Vet Parasitol 2011; 180:133-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ai L, Chen MX, Alasaad S, Elsheikha HM, Li J, Li HL, Lin RQ, Zou FC, Zhu XQ, Chen JX. Genetic characterization, species differentiation and detection of Fasciola spp. by molecular approaches. Parasit Vectors 2011; 4:101. [PMID: 21658284 PMCID: PMC3121690 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver flukes belonging to the genus Fasciola are among the causes of foodborne diseases of parasitic etiology. These parasites cause significant public health problems and substantial economic losses to the livestock industry. Therefore, it is important to definitively characterize the Fasciola species. Current phenotypic techniques fail to reflect the full extent of the diversity of Fasciola spp. In this respect, the use of molecular techniques to identify and differentiate Fasciola spp. offer considerable advantages. The advent of a variety of molecular genetic techniques also provides a powerful method to elucidate many aspects of Fasciola biology, epidemiology, and genetics. However, the discriminatory power of these molecular methods varies, as does the speed and ease of performance and cost. There is a need for the development of new methods to identify the mechanisms underpinning the origin and maintenance of genetic variation within and among Fasciola populations. The increasing application of the current and new methods will yield a much improved understanding of Fasciola epidemiology and evolution as well as more effective means of parasite control. Herein, we provide an overview of the molecular techniques that are being used for the genetic characterization, detection and genotyping of Fasciola spp..
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, P R China
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A comparative study of karyotypes and chromosomal location of rDNA genes in important liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fascioloides magna (Trematoda: Fasciolidae). Parasitol Res 2011; 109:1021-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ai L, Weng YB, Elsheikha HM, Zhao GH, Alasaad S, Chen JX, Li J, Li HL, Wang CR, Chen MX, Lin RQ, Zhu XQ. Genetic diversity and relatedness of Fasciola spp. isolates from different hosts and geographic regions revealed by analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences. Vet Parasitol 2011; 181:329-34. [PMID: 21524854 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined sequence variability in a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (pcox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 4 and 5 (pnad4 and pnad5) among 39 isolates of Fasciola spp., from different hosts from China, Niger, France, the United States of America, and Spain; and their phylogenetic relationships were re-constructed. Intra-species sequence variations were 0.0-1.1% for pcox1, 0.0-2.7% for pnad4, and 0.0-3.3% for pnad5 for Fasciola hepatica; 0.0-1.8% for pcox1, 0.0-2.5% for pnad4, and 0.0-4.2% for pnad5 for Fasciola gigantica, and 0.0-0.9% for pcox1, 0.0-0.2% for pnad4, and 0.0-1.1% for pnad5 for the intermediate Fasciola form. Whereas, nucleotide differences were 2.1-2.7% for pcox1, 3.1-3.3% for pnad4, and 4.2-4.8% for pnad5 between F. hepatica and F. gigantica; were 1.3-1.5% for pcox1, 2.1-2.9% for pnad4, 3.1-3.4% for pnad5 between F. hepatica and the intermediate form; and were 0.9-1.1% for pcox1, 1.4-1.8% for pnad4, 2.2-2.4% for pnad5 between F. gigantica and the intermediate form. Phylogenetic analysis based on the combined sequences of pcox1, pnad4 and pnad5 revealed distinct groupings of isolates of F. hepatica, F. gigantica, or the intermediate Fasciola form irrespective of their origin, demonstrating the usefulness of the mtDNA sequences for the delineation of Fasciola species, and reinforcing the genetic evidence for the existence of the intermediate Fasciola form.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
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Kantzoura V, Kouam MK, Feidas H, Teofanova D, Theodoropoulos G. Geographic distribution modelling for ruminant liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica) in south-eastern Europe. Int J Parasitol 2011; 41:747-53. [PMID: 21329694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Maximum entropy ecological niche modelling was utilised to predict the geographic range for fluke genotypes and haplotypes in south-eastern Europe, using the Maxent program. The lowest (0.832) and the highest (0.947) area under the curve values were observed in the models for the haplotypes CtCmt1 and CtCmt2.2, respectively. Precipitation and temperature contribute equally to model building of the genotypes based on the 28S rDNA gene. In regard to the mtDNA gene region, precipitation is the most important factor in modelling the CtCmt1 haplotype range, while temperature appears to be the most important factor in modelling the CtCmt2.1 and CtCmt2.2 haplotype ranges. The highest level of probability for the geographic distribution of Fasciola hepatica genotypes and haplotypes covered the regions of southern Bulgaria and central and northern Greece which contain a high concentration of potential ruminant hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaia Kantzoura
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Animal Science and Hydrobiology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, Votanikos, Athens 11855, Greece
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Vázquez-Prieto S, Vilas R, Mezo M, González-Warleta M, Ubeira FM, Paniagua E. Allozyme markers suitable for population genetic analysis of Fasciola hepatica. Vet Parasitol 2011; 176:84-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Identification of Fasciola species isolated from Egypt based on sequence analysis of genomic (ITS1 and ITS2) and mitochondrial (NDI and COI) gene markers. Parasitol Int 2011; 60:5-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Population dynamics of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica: the effect of time and spatial separation on the genetic diversity of fluke populations in the Netherlands. Parasitology 2010; 138:215-23. [PMID: 20800016 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182010001149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An evaluation of the genetic diversity within Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) may provide an insight into its potential to respond to environmental changes, such as anthelmintic use or climate change. In this study, we determined the mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of > 400 flukes from 29 individual cattle, from 2 farms in the Netherlands, as an exemplar of fasciolosis in a European context. Analysis of this dataset has provided us with a measure of the genetic variation within infrapopulations (individual hosts) and the diversity between infrapopulations within a herd of cattle. Temporal sampling from one farm allowed for the measurement of the stability of genetic variation at a single location, whilst the comparison between the two farms provided information on the variation in relation to distance and previous anthelmintic regimes. We showed that the liver fluke population in this region is predominantly linked to 2 distinct clades. Individual infrapopulations contain a leptokurtic distribution of genetically diverse flukes. The haplotypes present on a farm have been shown to change significantly over a relatively short time-period.
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Population genetic structure of the prairie dog flea and plague vector, Oropsylla hirsuta. Parasitology 2010; 138:71-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182010001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYOropsylla hirsuta is the primary flea of the black-tailed prairie dog and is a vector of the plague bacterium, Yersinia pestis. We examined the population genetic structure of O. hirsuta fleas collected from 11 prairie dog colonies, 7 of which had experienced a plague-associated die-off in 1994. In a sample of 332 O. hirsuta collected from 226 host individuals, we detected 24 unique haplotype sequences in a 480 nucleotide segment of the cytochrome oxidase II gene. We found significant overall population structure but we did not detect a signal of isolation by distance, suggesting that O. hirsuta may be able to disperse relatively quickly at the scale of this study. All 7 colonies that were recently decimated by plague showed signs of recent population expansion, whereas 3 of the 4 plague-negative colonies showed haplotype patterns consistent with stable populations. These results suggest that O. hirsuta populations are affected by plague-induced prairie dog die-offs and that flea dispersal among prairie dog colonies may not be dependent exclusively on dispersal of prairie dogs. Re-colonization following plague events from plague-free refugia may allow for rapid flea population expansion following plague epizootics.
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Mas-Coma S, Valero MA, Bargues MD. Chapter 2 Fasciola, Lymnaeids and Human Fascioliasis, with a Global Overview on Disease Transmission, Epidemiology, Evolutionary Genetics, Molecular Epidemiology and Control. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2009; 69:41-146. [PMID: 19622408 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(09)69002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Hanna R, Edgar H, Moffett D, McConnell S, Fairweather I, Brennan G, Trudgett A, Hoey E, Cromie L, Taylor S, Daniel R. Fasciola hepatica: Histology of the testis in egg-producing adults of several laboratory-maintained isolates of flukes grown to maturity in cattle and sheep and in flukes from naturally infected hosts. Vet Parasitol 2008; 157:222-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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The distribution of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica within southern Tanzania--constraints associated with the intermediate host. Parasitology 2008; 135:495-503. [PMID: 18205983 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182007004076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In East Africa, Fasciola gigantica is generally the causative agent of fasciolosis but there have been reports of F. hepatica in cattle from highland regions of Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda and Zaire. The topography of the Southern Highlands of Tanzania provides an environment where the climatic conditions exist for the sustenance of lymnaeid species capable of supporting both Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Theoretically this would allow interaction between fasciolid species and the possible creation of hybrids. In this report we present molecular data confirming the existence of the snail, Lymnaea truncatula, at high altitude on the Kitulo Plateau of the Southern Highlands, Tanzania, along with morphometric and molecular data confirming the presence of F. hepatica in the corresponding area. At lower altitudes, where climatic conditions were unfavourable for the existence of L. truncatula, the presence of its sister species L. natalensis was confirmed by molecular data along with its preferred fasciolid parasite, F. gigantica. Analysis based on a 618 bp sequence of the 28S rRNA gene did not reveal the presence of hybrid fasciolids in our fluke samples.
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