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Toloza AC, Sosa-Quiroga E, Fañani A, Puente-Santamaria A, Guzmán E, Martínez E, Lucia A. Effectiveness and chemical insights: Exploring interactions between nanomicelles and monoterpenoids for head lice treatment. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 201:105886. [PMID: 38685252 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates the pediculicidal activity of nanoformulations containing different binary essential oil component mixtures (eugenol:linalool, 1,8 -cineole:linalool, and eugenol:thymol) using immersion bioassays. These have allowed us to evaluate the knockdown time affecting 50% of the individuals (KT50). In addition, the type of interaction between the components in each mixture was established in terms of the combination index (IC). The KT50 values were 6.07; 8.83; 7.17 and 27.23 h for linalool, 1,8 -cineole, eugenol, and thymol, respectively. For the eugenol:linalool mixtures, the efficacy was lower or equal to that obtained for the nanoformulations of the pure compounds, with values of KT50 about 13.33, 8.16 and 6.71 h for mixtures with ratios 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3, respectively. These mixtures present IC > 1, evidencing antagonistic interaction, which is enhanced with eugenol content. In the case of the binary mixtures of 1,8 -cineole: linalool, KT50 values were similar to those obtained for eugenol:linalool mixtures with similar ratios. In this case, IC assumes values close to unity, suggesting additive interactions independently of the mixture composition. On the other side, mixtures of eugenol:thymol with 1:1 and 1:3 ratios showed values of 9.40 and 32.93 h, while the mixture with a 3:1 ratio showed the greatest effectiveness (KT50 of 4.42 h). Eugenol:thymol mixtures show synergistic interaction (IC < 1) for combinations 3:1 and 1:1, while no interaction was observed for 1:3 combination. This indicates that eugenol enhances thymol activity. These results must be considered an important step forward to the development of effective pediculicidal nanoformulations based on botanical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel C Toloza
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (UNIDEF, CONICET), J. Bautista de La Salle 4397, 1603 Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Eunice Sosa-Quiroga
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (UNIDEF, CONICET), J. Bautista de La Salle 4397, 1603 Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Fañani
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES, CONICET-UNLu), Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución 6700, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución - (6700), Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Puente-Santamaria
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Guzmán
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Paseo Juan XXIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Martínez
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES, CONICET-UNLu), Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución 6700, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES, CONICET-UNLu), Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución 6700, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Khedhri S, Khammassi M, Bouhachem SBOUKHRIS, Pieracci Y, Mabrouk Y, Seçer E, Amri I, Flamini G, Hamrouni L. Metabolite profiling of four Tunisian Eucalyptus essential oils and assessment of their insecticidal and antifungal activities. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22713. [PMID: 38125419 PMCID: PMC10731069 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aphids (Aphidoidea) and Fusarium spp. are widely recognized as destructive pests that cause significant damage to crops on a global scale. This study aimed to ascertain the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) of four Tunisian Eucalyptus species and evaluate their toxicity against common aphids and phytopathogenic fungi. The EOs were obtained via hydrodistillation and subsequently analyzed using GC-MS. The chemical composition analysis revealed the presence of five distinct chemical classes in the EOs: monoterpene hydrocarbons (3.8-16.7 %), oxygenated monoterpenes (5.5-86.0 %), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (0.2-2.2 %), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (4.2-86.7 %), and non-terpene derivatives (0.1-14.1 %).Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) of the Eucalyptus leaf EOs highlighted significant differences among them, leading to the generation of distinct HCA clades representing at least twelve major components. The statistical analysis clearly demonstrated a dose-response relationship, indicating the impact of the tested EOs on the growth of insects and fungal mycelium. The observed effects varied due to the variability in the chemical compositions of the EOs. Notably, among the EOs tested, Eucalyptus lesoufii Maiden exhibited particularly potent effects against the targeted insect and fungal species. This research contributes to the ongoing exploration of natural alternatives to chemical pesticides, providing further insights for potential industrial applications. It underscores the versatility of these EOs and their potential as valuable candidates in strategies for pest and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Khedhri
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, P.B. 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
- Faculty of Science, Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Khammassi
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, P.B. 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Sonia BOUKHRIS. Bouhachem
- INRAT - National Institute of Agronomic Research of Tunisia, Laboratory of Plant Protection, Carthage University, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ylenia Pieracci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, via Bonanno 6, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Yassine Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, B.P. 72, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Emine Seçer
- Nuclear Energy Research Institute, Istanbul Road 30 Km Saray Mah. Atom Cad. No: 27, 06983 Kahramankazan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismail Amri
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, P.B. 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, B.P. 72, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, via Bonanno 6, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lamia Hamrouni
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, P.B. 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
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Oladipupo SO, Hu XP, Appel AG. Essential Oils in Urban Insect Management-A Review. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1375-1408. [PMID: 35791493 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The allures of city life have culminated in the rise of urban populations resulting in conditions that promote the establishment of certain insect pests. Globally, the public health significance of these urban insect pests is enormous, ranging from billions of dollars to loss of lives. Most chemical insecticides no longer provide the anticipated level of control, and significant insecticide resistance has been reported. Therefore, there has been a spike in interest for alternatives to conventional insecticides. Among them, natural products from plants such as essential oils (EOs) and essential oil components (EOCs) have enjoyed the most attention owing to widespread reports of efficacy and toxicity even against insecticide-resistant urban insects. Yet, there is no comprehensive synthesis on the extent and impact of the management of urban insects using EOs or EOCs. Such a review is highly relevant since it provides a means to assess the extent of progress made, shortfalls, limitations, and prospects. More so, we hope it can be used to make informed decisions and develop relevant policies reliably. We present the ranges of insecticidal effects of EOs, EOCs, and commercially available EO-based products from laboratory and field studies. Finally, we discuss the gaps in our knowledge and prospects for the sustainable use of EOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Oladipupo
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - X P Hu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - A G Appel
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
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Prevalence, Phytochemical Investigation, and In Vitro Acaricidal Efficacy Evaluation of Dodonaea angustifolia, Eucalyptus globulus, Millettia ferruginea, and Euphorbia abyssinica against Sarcoptic Mange of Camel, Babile District, Ethiopia. J Parasitol Res 2022; 2022:8639370. [PMID: 35989862 PMCID: PMC9388246 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8639370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of sarcoptic mange from camels; evaluate the presence of secondary metabolites in the methanolic leaf extracts of D. angustifolia M. ferruginea, E. abyssinica, and E. globulus essential oil; and also evaluate their in vitro acaricidal efficacy against camel sarcoptic mange in the Babile District, Ethiopia. Each plant was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening for the presence or absence of secondary metabolites. The in vitro application of each plant extracts was carried out against clinical mange mites with positive and negative controls. Accordingly, a total of 384 camels were examined for the presence of Sarcoptes scabiei var. cameli. The study revealed that an overall prevalence of 67(15.9%) animals was infested by mange mites. The study showed that a higher prevalence was observed in female camel than in male camel with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). However, statistically higher prevalence (P < 0.05) was recorded in young camel (28.2%) than adult (10.95%). The study also revealed that statistically higher prevalence (P < 0.05) was observed in poor body conditioned camel (26.3%) than medium (13.5%) and good body condition camels (5.4%). For the in vitro evaluation of the efficacy of plant extracts, essential oils and crude extracts of four medicinal plant extracts were diluted at different concentrations from 200 mg/mL to 6.25 mg/mL and added to Petri dishes containing the adult stage of Sarcoptes scabiei. The efficacy of each plant was determined by comparing the mortality of mites treated with plant extracts with those of mites in nontreated (2% Tween 80) and treated (diazinon) control plates. After 3 h of contact, all concentrations of E. globulus, D. angustifolia, M. ferruginea, and E. abyssinica showed good in vitro acaricidal efficacy compared to controls nontreated control (P < 0.05). After 3 h of exposure to the methanolic extract of D. angustifolia and the essential oil of E. globulus, comparable acaricidal efficacy in causing mites mortality at concentrations of 200 mg/mL has been recorded when compared to reference drugs. The crude extract of E. abyssinica showed a lower acaricidal efficacy compared to reference drugs. The present plant extracts studied showed comparable acaricidal efficacy to reference drugs at concentrations of 200 mg/mL. Therefore, further epidemiological and in vivo acaricidal studies as well as toxicity of the plants should be conducted in area to use these plants as alternative treatment option to substitute the use of synthetic drugs for which most of mites developed resistance and control impacts Sarcoptes scabiei on camel.
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Moreira P, Matos P, Figueirinha A, Salgueiro L, Batista MT, Branco PC, Cruz MT, Pereira CF. Forest Biomass as a Promising Source of Bioactive Essential Oil and Phenolic Compounds for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158812. [PMID: 35955963 PMCID: PMC9369093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting elderly people worldwide. Currently, there are no effective treatments for AD able to prevent disease progression, highlighting the urgency of finding new therapeutic strategies to stop or delay this pathology. Several plants exhibit potential as source of safe and multi-target new therapeutic molecules for AD treatment. Meanwhile, Eucalyptus globulus extracts revealed important pharmacological activities, namely antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can contribute to the reported neuroprotective effects. This review summarizes the chemical composition of essential oil (EO) and phenolic extracts obtained from Eucalyptus globulus leaves, disclosing major compounds and their effects on AD-relevant pathological features, including deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in senile plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), abnormalities in GABAergic, cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In general, 1,8-cineole is the major compound identified in EO, and ellagic acid, quercetin, and rutin were described as main compounds in phenolic extracts from Eucalyptus globulus leaves. EO and phenolic extracts, and especially their major compounds, were found to prevent several pathological cellular processes and to improve cognitive function in AD animal models. Therefore, Eucalyptus globulus leaves are a relevant source of biological active and safe molecules that could be used as raw material for nutraceuticals and plant-based medicinal products useful for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Matos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Batista
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Fragão Pereira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Mohammadi J, Azizi K, Alipour H, Kalantari M, Bagheri M, Shahriari-Namadi M, Ebrahimi S, Moemenbellah-Fard MD. Frequency of pyrethroid resistance in human head louse treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasite 2021; 28:86. [PMID: 34935614 PMCID: PMC8693761 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are one of the most common insects causing infestations in humans worldwide, and infestation is associated with adverse socio-economic and public health effects. The development of genetic insensitivity (e.g., target site insensitivity = knockdown resistance or kdr) to topical insecticides has impaired effective treatment. Therefore, this study was undertaken to review and meta-analyze the frequency of pyrethroid resistance in treated head louse populations from the beginning of 2000 to the end of June 2021 worldwide. In order to accomplish this, all English language articles published over this period were extracted and reviewed. Statistical analyses of data were performed using fixed and random effect model tests in meta-analysis, Cochrane, meta-regression and I2 index. A total of 24 articles from an initial sample size of 5033 were accepted into this systematic review. The mean frequency of pyrethroid resistance was estimated to be 76.9%. In collected resistant lice, 64.4% were homozygote and 30.3% were heterozygote resistant. Globally, four countries (Australia, England, Israel, and Turkey) have 100% kdr gene frequencies, likely resulting in the ineffectiveness of pyrethrin- and pyrethroid-based pediculicides. The highest resistance recorded in these studies was against permethrin. This study shows that pyrethroid resistance is found at relatively high frequencies in many countries. As a result, treatment with current insecticides may not be effective and is likely the cause of increased levels of infestations. It is recommended that resistance status be evaluated prior to insecticide treatment, to increase efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Mohammadi
- Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71645 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kourosh Azizi
- Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71645 Shiraz, Iran - Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71645 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Alipour
- Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71645 Shiraz, Iran - Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71645 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Kalantari
- Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71645 Shiraz, Iran - Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71645 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Bagheri
- Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71645 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Shahriari-Namadi
- Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71645 Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad D Moemenbellah-Fard
- Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71645 Shiraz, Iran - Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71645 Shiraz, Iran
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Lucia A, Guzmán E, Rubio RG, Ortega F. Enhanced solubilization of an insect juvenile hormone (JH) mimetic (piryproxyfen) using eugenol in water nanoemulsions stabilized by a triblock copolymer of poly(ethylenglycol) and poly(propilenglycol). Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Fox K, Larkin K, Sanchez A. Global Trends in Genetic Markers of Pediculus humanus capitis Resistance Mechanisms. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-020-00204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Marschner C, Krockenberger MB, Higgins DP, Mitchell C, Moore BD. Ingestion and Absorption of Eucalypt Monoterpenes in the Specialist Feeder, the Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). J Chem Ecol 2019; 45:798-807. [PMID: 31422515 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The koala is a specialist feeder with a diet consisting almost exclusively of potentially toxic eucalypt leaves. Monoterpenes, an abundant class of plant secondary metabolites in eucalypts, are highly lipophilic. Chronic absorption and systemic exposure can be anticipated for the koala, causing health effects in various ways when consumed in high amounts, but particularly causing alterations in immune function in this species. Therefore, careful leaf selection, efficient detoxification pathways, and other specialist adaptations are required to protect animals from acute intoxication. This is the first paper providing insight into the systemic exposure of koalas to these compounds. Profiles of six selected major monoterpenes were investigated in the ingesta of deceased koalas from four different regions of NSW and South-East Queensland. Concentrations of the same compounds were measured in lymphoid tissues of deceased koalas and in the blood of live koalas from other regions of NSW. Analytical methods included liquid extraction and solid-phase micro-extraction, followed by gas-chromatography/ mass-spectrometry. Concentrations in the ingesta of individual animals vary remarkably, though the average proportions of individual monoterpenes in the ingesta of animals from the four different regions are highly comparable. Blood concentrations of the selected monoterpenes also varied considerably. The highest blood concentrations were found for 1,8-cineole, up to 971 ng/ml. There was similarity between circulating monoterpene profiles and ingesta profiles. Based on the observed lack of similarity between blood and lymph tissue concentrations, individual monoterpenes either exhibit different affinities for lymphatic tissue compared to blood or their accumulation in blood and lymph tissue differs temporally. In general, blood monoterpene concentrations found in koalas were low compared to those reported in other marsupial eucalypt feeders, but significant concentrations of monoterpenes were detected in all samples analysed. This data on blood and lymphatic tissue monoterpene concentrations builds the fundamental groundwork for future research into the effects of dietary monoterpenes on various biological processes of specialist herbivores and into the significance of these animals' metabolic and behavioural strategies for coping with these compounds. We have shown that the systemic exposure of koalas to potentially anti-inflammatory eucalypt monoterpenes is continuous, and we provide data on physiological concentrations which will allow realistic future studies of the effects of monoterpenes on immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Marschner
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Mark B Krockenberger
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Damien P Higgins
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Christopher Mitchell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Ben D Moore
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
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Soonwera M, Wongnet O, Sittichok S. Ovicidal effect of essential oils from Zingiberaceae plants and Eucalytus globulus on eggs of head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 47:93-104. [PMID: 30166112 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head lice infestation is an important public health problem worldwide. Chemical pediculicides have lost their efficacy because lice have developed resistance to them. Therefore, alternative pediculicides such as essential oils and herbal products have been proposed for treating head lice infestation. STUDY DESIGN To determine the efficacy of essential oils from three Zingiberaceae plants (Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Curcuma zedoaria and Zingiber zerumbet) against head lice eggs and to investigate an augmenting substance (Eucalyptus globulus EO) for improving the efficacy of these essential oils in killing head lice eggs, especially on the inhibition of their hatching process. Permethrin pediculicide, soyabean oil, and drinking water were used as positive, negative, and neutral controls, respectively. METHODS An immersion test was used to evaluate the ovicidal activity of 12 essential oil formulations. Head lice eggs were immersed for 1, 5 and 10 min in the treatments. Mortality rate was observed on day 7 and day 14; mortality was checked under a stereomicroscope. RESULTS All head lice eggs that were immersed in a combination of 10% C. zedoaria EO and 10% E. globulus EO for 5 min did not hatch at all for 7-14 days of incubation. All head lice eggs that were immersed in soyabean oil and drinking water for 1, 5, and 10 min showed 100% hatching rate in 7-14 days of incubation. All head lice eggs that were immersed in permethrin pediculicide for 1, 5 min, showed 100% hatching rate, but when they were immersed for 10 min, permethrin provided 4.0-6.0% inhibition rate with 94.0-96.0% hatching rate for 7-14 days of incubation. All combinations of Zingiberaceae EOs and E. globulus EO at low and high concentrations (5 and 10%) exhibited high ovicidal activities against head lice eggs, and the combinations showed a synergistic effect with an increase in the inhibition rate of more than 50%. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that Zingiberaceae EOs augmented with E. globulus EO are promising ovicidal agents for head lice control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayura Soonwera
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
| | - Orawan Wongnet
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Sirawut Sittichok
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
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Lobstein A, Couic-Marinier F, Koziol N. Huile essentielle d’ Eucalyptus globulus. ACTUALITES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actpha.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Barbosa LCA, Filomeno CA, Teixeira RR. Chemical Variability and Biological Activities of Eucalyptus spp. Essential Oils. Molecules 2016; 21:E1671. [PMID: 27941612 PMCID: PMC6273930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant species produce mixtures of odorous and volatile compounds known as essential oils (EOs). These mixtures play important roles in Nature and have been utilized by mankind for different purposes, such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, aromatherapy, and food flavorants. There are more than 3000 EOs reported in the literature, with approximately 300 in commercial use, including the EOs from Eucalyptus species. Most EOs from Eucalyptus species are rich in monoterpenes and many have found applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, food flavorants, and perfumes. Such applications are related to their diverse biological and organoleptic properties. In this study, we review the latest information concerning the chemical composition and biological activities of EOs from different species of Eucalyptus. Among the 900 species and subspecies of the Eucalyptus genus, we examined 68 species. The studies associated with these species were conducted in 27 countries. We have focused on the antimicrobial, acaricidal, insecticidal and herbicidal activities, hoping that such information will contribute to the development of research in this field. It is also intended that the information described in this study can be useful in the rationalization of the use of Eucalyptus EOs as components for pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications as well as food preservatives and flavorants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Claudio Almeida Barbosa
- Departament of Chemistry, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
- Departament of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Claudinei Andrade Filomeno
- Departament of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
- Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Ministro Salgado Filho, 1000, Campus Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES 29106-010, Brazil.
| | - Robson Ricardo Teixeira
- Departament of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
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Head lice in progress: what could/should be done—a report on an in vivo and in vitro field study. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4245-4249. [PMID: 27481171 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Chemical composition and efficacy of some selected plant oils against Pediculus humanus capitis in vitro. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:3209-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Muthukumaran U, Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Cassia roxburghii-a most potent power for mosquito control. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:4385-95. [PMID: 26276645 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. The use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. Insecticides of synthesized natural products for vector control have been a priority in this area. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using Cassia roxburghii plant leaf extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus were determined. Larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of synthesized AgNPs (12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 μg/mL) and aqueous leaf extracts (60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 μg/mL) for 24 h. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Compare to aqueous extracted synthesized AgNPs showed extensive mortality rate against An. stephensi, Ae. aegypti, and C. quinquefasciatus with the LC50 and LC90 values that were 26.35, 28.67, 31.27 and 48.81, 53.24, and 58.11 μg/mL, respectively. No mortality was observed in the control. This is the first report on mosquito larvicidal activity of plant-synthesized nanoparticles. Thus, the use of C. roxburghii to synthesize silver nanoparticles is a rapid, eco-friendly, and a single-step approach, and the AgNPs formed can be potential mosquito larvicidal agents. Therefore, this study proves that C. roxburghii is a potential bioresource for stable, reproducible nanoparticle synthesis (AgNPs) and also can be used as an efficient mosquito control agent. This is the first report on the larvicidal activity of the plant extract and AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaiyan Muthukumaran
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mohan Rajeswary
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
An endeavour to delineate the salient details of the treatment of head lice infestation has been made in the present article. Treatment modalities including over the counter permethrin and pyrethrin, and prescription medicines, including malathion, lindane, benzyl alcohol, spinosad are discussed. Salient features of alternative medicine and physical treatment modalities are outlined. The problem of resistance to treatment has also been taken cognizance of.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Verma
- Department of Dermatology and STD, North DMC Medical College, Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Chaitanya Namdeo
- Department of Dermatology and STD, S.S Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
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17
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Al-Quraishy S, Abdel-Ghaffar F, Mehlhorn H. Head louse control by suffocation due to blocking their oxygen uptake. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:3105-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Chemical Characterization and Anti-Oomycete Activity of Laureliopsis philippianna Essential Oils against Saprolegnia parasitica and S. australis. Molecules 2015; 20:8033-47. [PMID: 25951001 PMCID: PMC6272517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20058033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Laureliopsis philippiana (Looser) R. Schodde (Monimiaceae) is a native tree widespread in the forest areas in the south of Chile and Argentina, known for its medicinal properties and excellent wood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of L. philippiana leaf and bark essential oils (EOs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and to quantify its anti-oomycete activity, specifically against Saprolegniaparasitica and S. australis. Only six components were identified in leaf EO, 96.92% of which are phenylpropanoids and 3.08% are terpenes. As for bark EO, 29 components were identified, representing 67.61% for phenylpropanoids and 32.39% for terpenes. Leaf EO was characterized mainly by safrole (96.92%) and β-phellandrene (1.80%). Bark EO was characterized mainly by isosafrole (30.07%), safrole (24.41%), eucalyptol (13.89%), methyleugenol (7.12%), and eugenol (6.01%). Bark EO has the most promising anti-Saprolegnia activity, with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value of 30.0 µg/mL against mycelia growth and a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) value of 50.0 μg/mL against spores; for leaf EO, the MIC and MFC values are 100 and 125 µg/mL, respectively. These findings demonstrate that bark EO has potential to be developed as a remedy for the control of Saprolegnia spp. in aquaculture.
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Soonwera M. Efficacy of herbal shampoo base on native plant against head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer, Pediculidae: Phthiraptera) in vitro and in vivo in Thailand. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:3241-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Veerakumar K, Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Muthukumaran U. Low-cost and eco-friendly green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Feronia elephantum (Rutaceae) against Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi, and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 2014; 113:1775-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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In vitro pediculicidal activity of herbal shampoo base on Thai local plants against head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer). Parasitol Res 2013; 112:1411-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Huang X, Yi L, Gao Z, Li H. Determination of Seven Active Ingredients in Three Plant Essential Oils by Using Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.680058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Gutiérrez MM, González JW, Stefanazzi N, Serralunga G, Yañez L, Ferrero AA. Prevalence of Pediculus humanus capitis infestation among kindergarten children in Bahía Blanca city, Argentina. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:1309-13. [PMID: 22752696 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-2966-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Anoplura: Pediculidae), is a worldwide public health concern. This human obligate ectoparasite usually infests school age children. The aim of this work was to investigate the prevalence of head lice in kindergarten children from Bahia Blanca. In addition, the influence of risk factors for pediculosis infestation, such as gender, hair characteristics, and socioeconomic class, was studied in relation to the prevalence of this ectoparasite. From a total of 220 pupils examined (125 girls and 95 boys), 94 showed pediculosis. The overall prevalence of head lice infestation was 42.7 %. Pediculosis was more frequent in girls (53.6 %) than in boys (28.4 %) and in medium, long, and very long hairs. No differences were found between socioeconomic classes. This indicated that head lice are relatively common in kindergarten children from Bahía Blanca.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mercedes Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Zoología de Invertebrados II, Dpto de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Manimaran A, Cruz MMJJ, Muthu C, Vincent S, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal and knockdown effects of some essential oils against <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> Say, <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (L.) and <i>Anopheles stephensi</i> (Liston). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2012.37106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Validation of models to estimate the fumigant and larvicidal activity of Eucalyptus essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 2011; 110:1675-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Comparative efficacy of new commercial pediculicides against adults and eggs of Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice). Parasitol Res 2011; 110:1601-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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27
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Bagavan A, Rahuman AA, Kamaraj C, Elango G, Zahir AA, Jayaseelan C, Santhoshkumar T, Marimuthu S. Contact and fumigant toxicity of hexane flower bud extract of Syzygium aromaticum and its compounds against Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae). Parasitol Res 2011; 109:1329-40. [PMID: 21541752 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer is an obligate ectoparasite of humans that causes pediculosis capitis, a nuisance for millions of people worldwide, with high prevalence in children. P. humanus capitis has been treated by methods that include the physical remotion of lice, various domestic treatments, and conventional insecticides. None of these methods render complete protection, and there is clear evidence for the evolution of resistance and cross-resistance to conventional insecticides. Non-toxic alternative options are hence needed for head lice treatment and/or prevention, and natural products from plants are good candidates for safer control agents that may provide good anti-lice activity. The plant extracts are good and safe alternatives due to their low toxicity to mammals and easy biodegradability. The present study carried out the pediculocidal activity using the hexane flower bud extract of Syzygium aromaticum (Myrtaceae) against P. humanus capitis examined by direct contact and fumigant toxicity (closed- and open-container methods) bioassay. The chemical composition of S. aromaticum flower bud hexane extract was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major chemical constituent (58.79%) of flower bud hexane extract S. aromaticum was identified as chavibetol (5-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) by comparison of mass spectral data and retention times. The hexane extract of S. aromaticum was subjected to gas chromatography analysis, and totally 47 compounds were detected, of which chavibetol was predominantly present. The other major constituents present in the hexane extract were eugenol acetate (phenol,2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-,acetate (15.09%), caryophyllene-(I1) (2,6,10,10-tetramethyl bicyclo [7.2.0] undeca-1,6-diene (13.75%), caryophyllene oxide (3.04%), 2,6,6,9-tetramethyl-1,4,8-cycloundecatriene (1.67%), and copaene (1.33%). The filter paper contact bioassay study showed pronounced pediculicidal activity in the flower bud hexane extract of S. aromaticum. The toxic effect was determined for every five in an 80-min treatment. The result showed percent mortality of 40, 82, and 100 at 5, 10, and 20 min, and the median lethal time (LT(50)) value was 5.83 (0.5 mg/cm(2)); 28, 82, and 100 at 5, 10, and 30 min. (LT(50) = 6.54; 0.25 mg/cm(2)); and 13, 22, 42, 80, and 100 at 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 min (LT(50) = 18.68; 0.125 mg/cm(2)), respectively. The vapor phase toxicity was tested at 0.25 mg/cm(2). There was a significant difference in pediculicidal activity of S. aromaticum extract against P. humanus capitis between closed- and open-container methods. Adult mortalities were determined for every five in 60 min (closed method) and for every ten in 180 min (open method). The closed method showed the percent mortality was 45, 88, and 100 at 5, 10, and 15 min (LT(50) = 5.39), respectively. In the open-container method, the percent mortality was observed 5, 20, 47, 84, and 100 at 10, 20, 60, 120, and 180 min (LT(50) = 47.91), respectively. The mortality was more effective in the closed containers than in open ones, indicating that the effect of hexane extract was largely a result of action in the vapor phase exhibited fumigant toxicity. Studies of anti-lice activity of extract provide the basis for preliminary conclusions of structure activity relationships; although no clear patterns can yet be drawn. We here attempt to provide a concise compilation of the available information on anti-lice activity of plant extracts and plant-derived compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asokan Bagavan
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam - 632 509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Alzogaray RA, Lucia A, Zerba EN, Masuh HM. Insecticidal activity of essential oils from eleven Eucalyptus spp. and two hybrids: lethal and sublethal effects of their major components on Blattella germanica. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 104:595-600. [PMID: 21510210 DOI: 10.1603/ec10045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the fumigant activity of the essential oils from 11 species of the genus Eucalyptus and two of their hybrids on first instar of Blattella germanica L. The fumigant activity and repellence of the four major monoterpene components of these essential oils also were tested. Fumigant activity was evaluated by exposing nymphs to the vapors emitted by 50 microl of essential oil or monoterpene in a closed container. The lowest knockdown time 50% (KT50) values, expressed in minutes, were elicited by the essential oils of the Eucalyptus grandis X Eucalyptus tereticornis (57.9) hybrid, Eucalyptus sideroxylon A. Cunn (62.0), E. grandis X Eucalyptus camaldulensis (63.8) hybrid, Eucalyptus viminalis Labill (64.1), Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden (64.5), and Eucalyptus grandis (Hill) ex Maiden (68.7). The KT50 values for the remaining essential oils ranged between 74.5 (E. saligna Smith) and 161.4 min (E. tereticornis Smith). The essential oil from the hybrid E. grandis X E. tereticornis was 3.7 times less toxic than dichlorvos (positive control). The KT50 values of monoterpenes were 38.8 for alpha-pinene, 55.3 for 1,8-cineole, 175.6 for p-cymene, and 178.3 for gamma-terpinene. Alpha-pinene was 2.5 times less toxic than dichlorvos. There was a strong positive correlation between the fumigant activity of essential oils and their corresponding 1,8-cineole and alpha-pinene concentration. Repellency was quantified using a video tracking system. Two concentrations of monoterpenes were studied (7 and 70 microg/cm2). All compounds produced a light repellent effect but only when applied at 70 microg/cm2. In all cases, the repellent effect was less than that produced by the broad-spectrum insect repellent N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (positive control).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul A Alzogaray
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN-CITEFA/CONICET), J B de La Salle 4397, (B1603ALO), Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kirthi AV, Rahuman AA, Rajakumar G, Marimuthu S, Santhoshkumar T, Jayaseelan C, Velayutham K. Acaricidal, pediculocidal and larvicidal activity of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles using wet chemical route against blood feeding parasites. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:461-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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30
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Jayaseelan C, Rahuman AA, Rajakumar G, Vishnu Kirthi A, Santhoshkumar T, Marimuthu S, Bagavan A, Kamaraj C, Zahir AA, Elango G. Synthesis of pediculocidal and larvicidal silver nanoparticles by leaf extract from heartleaf moonseed plant, Tinospora cordifolia Miers. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:185-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2242-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Comparative toxicity of oxygenated monoterpenoids in experimental hydroalcoholic lotions to permethrin-resistant adult head lice. Arch Dermatol Res 2010; 303:361-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-010-1110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Repellency against head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis). Parasitol Res 2010; 106:729-31. [PMID: 20054562 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Efficacy of a grapefruit extract on head lice: a clinical trial. Parasitol Res 2009; 106:445-9. [PMID: 19943066 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Twenty children aging 2-9 years old--four boys with short hair and 16 girls with long hair--were included in a clinical test on the efficacy of a product against head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis). Their hair were exposed to Licatack, which is a recently developed new anti-louse medicinal product containing extracts of grapefruits besides high quality shampoo components. Prior to this field trial, the product Licatack was tested dermatologically to be skin safe receiving the grade "very good". The children's mothers combed the kids prior to the start of the test in order to confirm that they were all lice-infested. The obtained lice were used for in vitro tests. All children were heavily infested. After combing and preservation of the living lice, the hair was wet with tap water. Then, 50 ml of the Licatack shampoo was placed onto the top of each child's head. Then, the mothers distributed the rather fluid product all over the hair thoroughly from their base at the skin until the free end. During this process, a type of massage, the product became foamy and it was easily recognized where the product covered the hair, thus, avoiding untreated spots. The hair of half of the treated children were washed with tap water after 10 min of exposition; while in the other half of the children, the exposition period was prolonged to 20 min before washing. When combing the kids with a metal louse comb after the washing, the lice were found immobile and they did not recover during the following observation period of 4 h. Only two lice from the group with an exposition time of only 10 min showed some slight leg movements after they had been combed off, but they died within the next 2 h. Thus, this new anti-louse medicinal product has a very quick and efficient activity besides its advantages of being non-inflammable, skin safe, and nice smelling. None of the kids claimed any burning at the skin or other side effects, although the skin showed, prior to treatment, lots of scars due to louse bites. The dead lice always appeared considerably shrunken due to drying. The second treatment after 10 days revealed a few dead larval stages since, apparently, some larvae (apparently treated at an early stage of development when treated) had hatched from the extremely numerous nits in the period between first and second treatment. Experiments with cutoff nits, however, showed that the product also kills larval stages inside nits.
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