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Ngum NH, Masakebenagha NE, Mahamat O. Antimalarial and Immunomodulatory Activities of Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae) Leave Flafonoids-Rich Extract Used in Cameroonian Traditional Medecine. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:8645178. [PMID: 38962528 PMCID: PMC11221963 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8645178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Phytochemicals are considered the reliable source for the treatment of infection including malaria. Especially, phenols are known as potentially toxic to the growth and development of pathogens, among which flavonoids are the most extensively studied and play more intensive roles in ethnopharmacology. The immunological effect and role of T. diversifolia flavonoids-rich extract in treatment of malaria have therefore been examined in this study. Methods In vitro test against Plasmodium falciparum and 4-day suppressive and Rane's tests against Plasmodium berghei in mice were used to evaluate the antimalarial activities. TNF-α and INF-γ levels, phagocytic tests, and production of oxygen and nitrogen radical were assessed to appreciate the immunomodulatory activity. One-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Student's t tests was used for data analysis. Results T. diversifolia flavonoids-rich extract at the concentrations ranging from 0.0004 mg/ml significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the growth of trophozoite up to 100% inhibition with 0.025 mg/ml at 24 and 48 hrs. Moreover, T. diversifolia flavonoids-rich extract reduced the level of parasitemia and improved in a dose-dependent manner the survival time of infected mice significantly (p < 0.05) compared to their control in 4-day suppressive test as well as in Rane's test. Additionally, T. diversifolia flavonoids-rich extract increased the TNF-α and INF-γ levels in rats infected by P. berghei. Furthermore, the flavonoid-rich extract enhanced weight of spleen in the rats, the metabolic and phagocytic activities of the peritoneal cells, and the concentration of nitric oxide and oxygen radicals in methylprednisolone-immunocompromised rats compared to the control (p < 0.05). Conclusion The study has revealed that T. diversifolia flavonoids-rich extract through its antiplasmodial and phagocytic activities is a promising treatment of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntonifor Helen Ngum
- Department of ZoologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of Bamenda, North West, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Ndoah Ellen Masakebenagha
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of Bamenda, North West, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Oumar Mahamat
- Department of ZoologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of Bamenda, North West, Bamenda, Cameroon
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Moraes-de-Souza I, de Moraes BPT, Silva AR, Ferrarini SR, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF. Tiny Green Army: Fighting Malaria with Plants and Nanotechnology. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:699. [PMID: 38931823 PMCID: PMC11206820 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria poses a global threat to human health, with millions of cases and thousands of deaths each year, mainly affecting developing countries in tropical and subtropical regions. Malaria's causative agent is Plasmodium species, generally transmitted in the hematophagous act of female Anopheles sp. mosquitoes. The main approaches to fighting malaria are eliminating the parasite through drug treatments and preventing transmission with vector control. However, vector and parasite resistance to current strategies set a challenge. In response to the loss of drug efficacy and the environmental impact of pesticides, the focus shifted to the search for biocompatible products that could be antimalarial. Plant derivatives have a millennial application in traditional medicine, including the treatment of malaria, and show toxic effects towards the parasite and the mosquito, aside from being accessible and affordable. Its disadvantage lies in the type of administration because green chemical compounds rapidly degrade. The nanoformulation of these compounds can improve bioavailability, solubility, and efficacy. Thus, the nanotechnology-based development of plant products represents a relevant tool in the fight against malaria. We aim to review the effects of nanoparticles synthesized with plant extracts on Anopheles and Plasmodium while outlining the nanotechnology green synthesis and current malaria prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Moraes-de-Souza
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro—UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil; (I.M.-d.-S.); (B.P.T.d.M.)
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, Brazil;
| | - Bianca P. T. de Moraes
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro—UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil; (I.M.-d.-S.); (B.P.T.d.M.)
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, Brazil;
| | - Adriana R. Silva
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, Brazil;
| | - Stela R. Ferrarini
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sinop Campus—UFMT, Cuiabá 78550-728, Brazil;
| | - Cassiano F. Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro—UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil; (I.M.-d.-S.); (B.P.T.d.M.)
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, Brazil;
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Oliveira LVF, Camilo FF, Soares MG, Cajas RA, Cirino ME, de Moraes J, Lago JHG. In Situ Preparation of Dehydrodieugenol-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles and their Antischistosomal Activity. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301929. [PMID: 38278761 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a major neglected disease that imposes a substantial worldwide health burden, affecting approximately 250 million people globally. As praziquantel is the only available drug to treat schistosomiasis, there is a critical need to identify new anthelmintic compounds, particularly from natural sources. To enhance the activity of different natural products, one potential avenue involves its combination with silver nanoparticles (AgNP). Based on this approach, a one-step green method for the in situ preparation of dehydrodieugenol (DHDG) by oxidation coupling reaction using silver and natural eugenol is presented. AgNP formation was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy due to the appearance of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 430 nm which is characteristic of silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were spherical with sizes in the range of 40 to 50 nm. Bioassays demonstrated that the silver nanoparticles loaded with DHDG exhibited significant anthelmintic activity against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms without toxicity to mammalian cells and an in vivo animal model (Caenorhabditis elegans), contributing to the development of new prototypes based on natural products for the treatment of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa V F Oliveira
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, SP-09210-580, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Camilo
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, SP-09913-030, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Marisi G Soares
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, MG-37130-001, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Rayssa A Cajas
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, Guarulhos University, SP-07030-010, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Maria E Cirino
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, Guarulhos University, SP-07030-010, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases, Guarulhos University, SP-07030-010, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, SP-09210-580, Santo Andre, Brazil
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Devi G, Gorki V, Walter NS, Sivangula S, Sobhia ME, Jachak S, Puri R, Kaur S. Exploring the efficacy of ethnomedicinal plants of Himalayan region against the malaria parasite. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117394. [PMID: 37967777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plasmodium falciparum multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains are a great challenge to global health care. This predicament implies the urgent need to discover novel antimalarial drugs candidate from alternative natural sources. The Himalaya constitute a rich repository of medicinal plants which have been used traditionally in the folklore medicine since ages and having no scientific evidence for their activity. Crambe kotschyana Boiss. and Eremurus himalaicus Baker are used for their antipyretic and hepatoprotective properties in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh, India. AIM OF THE STUDY This study would investigate the antiplasmodial efficacy of C. kotschyana and E. himalaicus extracts, their fractions and active components using in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches to provide a scientific insight into their activity. METHODS The methanol extracts of C. kotschyana (CKME) and E. himalaicus (EHME) were prepared by maceration followed by fractionation using ethyl acetate. The isolation of flavonoid glycosides isorhamnetin-3, 7-di-O-glucoside from C. kotschyana and luteolin-6-C-glucoside (isoorientin) from E. himalaicus was carried out by antiplasmodial activity-guided isolation. In vitro antimalarial activity was assessed by WHO method while in vitro cytotoxicity was ascertained employing the MTT assay. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were performed using the Glide module of Schrödinger Software and Gromacs-2022 software package respectively. In vivo curative activity was assessed by Ryley and Peters method. RESULTS The methanol extracts of both the plants illustrated the best antiplasmodial activity followed by the ethyl acetate fractions. Iso-orientin (IC50 6.49 μg/ml) and Isorhamnetin-3,7-di-O-glucoside (IC50 9.22 μg/ml) illustrated considerable in vitro activity even against P. falciparum resistant strain. Extracts/fractions as well as the isolated compounds were found to be non-toxic with CC50 > 640 μg/ml. Molecular docking studies were performed with these 2 O-glucosides against four malaria targets to understand the binding pose of these molecules and the results suggested that these molecules have selectivity for lactate dehydrogenase enzyme. CKME and EHME exhibited curative activity in vivo along with increase in Mean Survival Time of mice. CONCLUSION The research delineated the scientific evidence that both the therapeutic herbs possessed antimalarial activity and notably, bioactive compounds responsible to exhibit the antimalarial activity have been isolated, identified and characterized. Further studies are underway to assess the antiplasmodial efficacy of isolated compounds alone and in combination with standard antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Devi
- Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plant Laboratory, Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Varun Gorki
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Neha Sylvia Walter
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Srikanth Sivangula
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - M Elizabeth Sobhia
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjay Jachak
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Richa Puri
- Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plant Laboratory, Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Pradhan S, Hore S, Roy S, Manna S, Dam P, Mondal R, Ghati A, Biswas T, Shaw S, Sharma S, Singh WS, Maji SK, Roy S, Basu A, Pandey KC, Samanta S, Vashisht K, Dolai TK, Kundu PK, Mitra S, Biswas D, Sadat A, Shokriyan M, Maity AB, Mandal AK, İnce İA. Geo-environmental factors and the effectiveness of mulberry leaf extract in managing malaria. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14808. [PMID: 37684270 PMCID: PMC10491663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria prevalence has become medically important and a socioeconomic impediment for the endemic regions, including Purulia, West Bengal. Geo-environmental variables, humidity, altitude, and land use patterns are responsible for malaria. For surveillance of the endemic nature of Purulia's blocks, statistical and spatiotemporal factors analysis have been done here. Also, a novel approach for the Pf malaria treatment using methanolic leaf extract of Morus alba S1 has significantly reduced the parasite load. The EC50 value (1.852) of the methanolic extract of M. alba S1 with P. falciparum 3D7 strain is close to the EC50 value (0.998) of the standard drug chloroquine with the same chloroquine-sensitive strain. Further studies with an in-silico model have shown successful interaction between DHFR and the phytochemicals. Both 1-octadecyne and oxirane interacted favourably, which was depicted through GC-MS analysis. The predicted binary logistic regression model will help the policy makers for epidemiological surveillance in malaria-prone areas worldwide when substantial climate variables create a circumstance favourable for malaria. From the in vitro and in silico studies, it can be concluded that the methanolic extract of M. alba S1 leaves were proven to have promising antiplasmodial activity. Thus, there is a scope for policy-driven approach for discovering and developing these lead compounds and undermining the rising resistance to the frontline anti-malarial drugs in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Pradhan
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India
- Hematology Department, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700014, India
| | - Samrat Hore
- Department of Statistics, Tripura University, Agartala, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Stabak Roy
- Department of Geography and Disaster Management, Tripura University, Agartala, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Simi Manna
- Department of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Paulami Dam
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India
| | - Rittick Mondal
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India
| | - Amit Ghati
- Department of Microbiology, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, Barrackpore, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Trishanjan Biswas
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India
| | - Subhajit Shaw
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India
| | - Supriya Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, India
| | | | - Suman Kumar Maji
- District Public Health Centre, Deben Mahata Government Medical College and Hospital, Purulia, West Bengal, 723101, India
| | - Sankarsan Roy
- PH and CD Branch, Office of the Chief Medical Officer of Health, Purulia, West Bengal, 723101, India
| | - Aparajita Basu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Kailash C Pandey
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, India
| | - Soumadri Samanta
- Advanced Functional Nanomaterials, Energy and Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase X, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Kapil Vashisht
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, India
| | - Tuphan Kanti Dolai
- Hematology Department, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700014, India
| | - Pratip Kumar Kundu
- Department of Microbiology, Santiniketan Medical College, Gobindapur, Muluk, Bolpur, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731204, India
| | - Saptarshi Mitra
- Department of Geography and Disaster Management, Tripura University, Agartala, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Debasish Biswas
- Department of Economics, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India
| | - Abdul Sadat
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India
| | - Masuma Shokriyan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, 34752, Ataşehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amit Bikram Maity
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (S.S.K.M. Hospital), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India.
| | - Amit Kumar Mandal
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India.
- Centre for Nanotechnology Sciences, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India.
| | - İkbal Agah İnce
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, 34752, Ataşehir, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Mogaka S, Molu H, Kagasi E, Ogila K, Waihenya R, Onditi F, Ozwara H. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link root extract inhibits Plasmodium growth in vitro and in mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:71. [PMID: 36879244 PMCID: PMC9987147 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senna occidentalis (L.) Link has been used worldwide in traditional treatment of many diseases and conditions including snakebite. In Kenya, a decoction from the plant roots taken orally, is used as a cure for malaria. Several studies have demonstrated that extracts from the plant possess antiplasmodial activity, in vitro. However, the safety and curative potency of the plant root against established malaria infection is yet to be scientifically validated, in vivo. On the other hand, there are reports on variation in bioactivity of extracts obtained from this plant species, depending on the plant part used and place of origin among other factors. In this study, we demonstrated the antiplasmodial activity of Senna occidentalis roots extract in vitro, and in mice. METHODS Methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, hexane and water extracts of S. occidentalis root were tested for in vitro antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, strain 3D7. Cytotoxicity of the most active solvent extracts was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the curative potency in Plasmodium berghei infected mice evaluated by Rane's test. RESULTS All of the solvent extracts tested in this study inhibited the propagation of P. falciparum, strain 3D7, in vitro, with polar extracts being more active than non-polar ones. Methanolic extracts had the highest activity (IC50 = 1.76) while hexane extract displayed the lowest activity (IC50 = 18.47). At the tested concentrations, methanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited high selectivity index against P. falciparum strain 3D7 (SI > 10) in the cytotoxicity assay. Further, the extracts significantly suppressed the propagation of P. berghei parasites (P < 0.05) in vivo and increased the survival time of the infected mice (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Senna occidentalis (L.) Link root extract inhibits the propagation of malaria parasites in vitro and in BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Mogaka
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, P.O Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi, 00502, Kenya.
- Department of Zoology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Halkano Molu
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, P.O Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi, 00502, Kenya
| | - Esther Kagasi
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, P.O Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi, 00502, Kenya
| | - Kenneth Ogila
- Department of Zoology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rebeccah Waihenya
- Department of Zoology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Faith Onditi
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, P.O Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi, 00502, Kenya
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hastings Ozwara
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, P.O Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi, 00502, Kenya
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Seck I, Ciss I, Diédhiou A, Baldé M, Ka S, Ba LA, Ndoye SF, Figadère B, Seon-Meniel B, Gomez G, Cojean S, Pomel S, Loiseau PM, Fall Y, Seck M. 1,2,3-triazenes and 1,2,3-triazoles as antileishmanial, antitrypanosomal, and antiplasmodial agents. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Qian H, Wang L, Li Y, Wang B, Li C, Fang L, Tang L. The traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Abrus precatorius L.: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115463. [PMID: 35714881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Abrus precatorius L. (AP) is a folk medicine with a long-term medicinal history worldwide, which is extensively applied to various ailments, such as bronchitis, jaundice, hepatitis, contraception, tumor, abortion, malaria, etc. Meanwhile, its leaves are also served as tea in China, and its roots are employed as a substitute for Glycyrrhiza uralensis or as a raw material for the extraction of glycyrrhizin in India. Thus, AP is considered to be a plant with dual values of medicine and economy as well as its chemical composition and biological activity, which are of growing interest to the scientific community. AIM OF REVIEW In the review, the traditional application, botany, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and toxicity are comprehensively and systematically summarized. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive database retrieval was conducted to gather the specific information about AP from 1871 to 2022 using online bibliographic databases Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, CNKI, and Baidu Scholar. The search terms comprise the keywords "Abrus precatorius", "phytochemistry", "pharmacological activity", "toxicity" and "traditional application" as a combination. RESULTS To date, AP is traditionally used to treat various diseases, including sore throat, cough, bronchitis, jaundice, hepatitis, abdominal pain, contraception, tumor, abortion, malaria, and so on. More than 166 chemical compounds have been identified from AP, which primarily cover flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, organic acids, esters, proteins, polysaccharides, and so on. A wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological functions of AP have been reported, such as antitumor, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antiprotozoal, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antifertility, antidiabetic, other pharmacological activities. The crushed seeds in powder or paste form were comparatively toxic to humans and animals by oral administration. Interestingly, the methanolic extracts were non-toxic to adult Wistar albino rats at various doses (200 and 400 mg/kg) daily. CONCLUSIONS The review focuses on the traditional application, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of AP, which offers a valuable context for researchers on the current research status and a reference for further research and applications of this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Qian
- College of Pharmacy, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Yanling Li
- College of Pharmacy, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Bailing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Like Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
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Semwal P, Painuli S, Jamloki A, Rauf A, Rahman MM, Olatunde A, Hemeg HA, Abu-Izneid T, Naz S, Punia Bangar S, Lorenzo JM, Simal-Gandara J. Himalayan Wild Fruits as a Strong Source of Nutraceuticals, Therapeutics, Food and Nutrition Security. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2121407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology, Premnagar Dehradun, India
| | - Abhishek Jamloki
- High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre (HAPPRC), H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, India
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Khyber, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Olatunde
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Hassan A. Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medinah Al-Monawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saima Naz
- Department of Biotechnology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Brenda CT, Norma RF, Marcela RL, Nelly LV, Teresa I F. Action mechanisms of metallic compounds on Plasmodium spp. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127028. [PMID: 35797926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is a parasitic disease with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, during the last decades, the causal agent, Plasmodium spp., has developed resistance to chloroquine and artemisinin. For this reason, metallic compounds have been proposed as an optional treatment since they have shown a potential antimalarial effect with diverse action mechanisms in the parasite and the host. OBJECTIVE To show the possible targets of metallic compounds in Plasmodium spp. CONCLUSION The metallic compounds are an option attractive to treatment for the malaria, for its low cost and its great activity to reduce parasitemia; however is necessary more studies principally in vivo in order to know the interactions that it can have in an experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casarrubias-Tabarez Brenda
- Departamento de Biología Celular y TIsular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacan, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Rivera-Fernández Norma
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacan, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Rojas-Lemus Marcela
- Departamento de Biología Celular y TIsular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacan, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - López-Valdez Nelly
- Departamento de Biología Celular y TIsular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacan, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Fortoul Teresa I
- Departamento de Biología Celular y TIsular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacan, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
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11
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de Souza IMM, Novaes RD, Gonçalves RV, Fialho FLB, Carvalho DT, de Souza TB, Dias DF, Lavorato SN, Souza RLM, Marques MJ, Castro AP. In vitro and in silico evaluation of the schistosomicidal activity of eugenol derivatives using biochemical, molecular, and morphological tools. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2022; 28:e20210108. [PMID: 35854812 PMCID: PMC9258719 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2021-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eugenol shows both antibacterial and antiparasitic activities, suggesting
that it might be evaluated as an option for the treatment of
praziquantel-resistant schistosome. Methods The in vitro activities of three eugenol derivatives (FB1,
FB4 and FB9) on adult worms from Schistosoma mansoni were
examined by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy to analyze effects
on the excretory system and integument damage, respectively. Biochemical
tests with verapamil (a calcium channel antagonist) and ouabain (a
Na+/K+-ATPase pump inhibitor) were used to
characterize eugenol derivative interactions with calcium channels and the
Na+/K+-ATPase, while in silico
analysis identified potential Na+/K+-ATPase binding
sites. Results The compounds showed effective doses (ED50) of 0.324 mM (FB1),
0.167 mM (FB4), and 0.340 mM (FB9). In addition, FB4 (0.322 mM), which
showed the lowest ED50, ED90 and ED100 (p
< 0.05), caused the most damage to the excretory system and integument,
according to both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy analysis.
The death of adult worms was delayed by ouabain treatment plus FB1 (192
versus 72 hours) and FB9 (192 versus
168 hours), but the response to FB4 was the same in the presence or absence
of ouabain. Besides, no changes were noted when all of the eugenol
derivatives were combined with verapamil. Moreover, FB1 and FB9 inhibited
Na+/K+-ATPase activity according to in
silico analysis but FB4 did not show a time-dependent
relationship and may act on targets other than the parasite Na+/K+-ATPase.
Conclusion Eugenol derivatives, mainly FB4 when compared to FB1 and FB9, seem to act
more effectively on the integument of adult S. mansoni
worms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Romulo Dias Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal), Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Diogo Teixeira Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal), Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Stefânia Neiva Lavorato
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia (Ufob), Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos José Marques
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal), Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Aline Pereira Castro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal), Alfenas, MG, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy, University Center of Lavras (Unilavras), Lavras, MG, Brazil
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12
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Abdou AM, Seddek ALS, Abdelmageed N, Badry MO, Nishikawa Y. Wild Egyptian medicinal plants show in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity and antimalarial activities. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:130. [PMID: 35550108 PMCID: PMC9101831 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medicinal plants have been successfully used as an alternative source of drugs for the treatment of microbial diseases. Finding a novel treatment for malaria is still challenging, and various extracts from different wild desert plants have been reported to have multiple medicinal uses for human public health, this study evaluated the antimalarial efficacy of several Egyptian plant extracts. Methods We assessed the cytotoxic potential of 13 plant extracts and their abilities to inhibit the in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum (3D7), and to treat infection with non-lethal Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL in an in vivo malaria model in BALB/c mice. Results In vitro screening identified four promising candidates, Trichodesma africanum, Artemisia judaica, Cleome droserifolia, and Vachellia tortilis, with weak-to-moderate activity against P. falciparum erythrocytic blood stages with mean half-maximal inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of 11.7 μg/ml, 20.0 μg/ml, 32.1 μg/ml, and 40.0 μg/ml, respectively. Their selectivity index values were 35.2, 15.8, 11.5, and 13.8, respectively. Among these four candidates, T. africanum crude extract exhibited the highest parasite suppression in a murine malaria model against P. yoelii. Conclusion Our study identified novel natural antimalarial agents of plant origin that have potential for development into therapeutics for treating malaria. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03566-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abdou
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-08555, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Latif S Seddek
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Noha Abdelmageed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed O Badry
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-08555, Japan.
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13
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Sharma UNS, Fernando DD, Wijesundara KK, Manawadu A, Pathirana I, Rajapakse RPVJ. Anticoccidial effects of Phyllanthus emblica (Indian gooseberry) extracts: Potential for controlling avian coccidiosis. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2021; 25:100592. [PMID: 34474785 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Eimeria causes avian coccidiosis, impacting the poultry industry worldwide. Resistance development to current anticoccidials are a concern and cost effective, environmentally friendly alternatives are needed. Anti-malarial effects of Phyllanthus emblica encouraged us to investigate its anticoccidial effects. Aqueous extracts and dried-powder of P. emblica leaf and fruit were tested for effect(s) on oocyst sporulation in vitro and oocyst infectivity in vivo. Eimeria tenella oocysts were randomly assigned to groups and treated with different concentrations (0.001, 0.1, 1, 5, 25, 50 and 100%) of P. emblica crude extracts in triplicates for three repeats. Sporulated, unsporulated, deformed and lysed oocysts were recorded at 24, 48 and 72 h. Broiler chicks (21 days old) were randomly assigned into four groups with 5 chicks each and experimentally infected on Day 0 with 1 × 104 oocysts/bird: (A) infected and un-supplemented diet, (B) infected and supplemented diet (P. emblica powder 1 g/bird/day), (C) infected with P. emblica-treated oocysts and un-supplemented diet and (D) infected and diet supplemented only from day14. In vivo experiments were terminated on day28. Significant sporulation inhibition and oocyst lysis (p < 0.05) in vitro were observed in a concentration-dependent with P. emblica treatment. In in vivo experiments, group B showed the highest weight gain, lowest fecal oocyst excretion and mildest histopathological lesions. Extracts of P. emblica remarkably inhibited oocyst sporulation, reduced the oocyst infectivity and lowered the fecal oocyst excretion, and reduced the pathogenicity of E. tenella in chickens. Therefore, P. emblica extract demonstrates great potential to be an effective alternative anticoccidial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Nandini Sivakumar Sharma
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya 81100, Sri Lanka
| | - Deepani Darshika Fernando
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka; Cell and Molecular Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300, Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Kavindra Kumara Wijesundara
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Ariyathilaka Manawadu
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya 81100, Sri Lanka
| | - Indunil Pathirana
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya 81100, Sri Lanka.
| | - R P V Jayantha Rajapakse
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka.
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14
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Ghazali SZ, Mohamed Noor NR, Mustaffa KMF. Anti-plasmodial activity of aqueous neem leaf extract mediated green synthesis-based silver nitrate nanoparticles. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:99-107. [PMID: 33890844 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1913602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to synthesize neem-silver nitrate nanoparticles (neem-AgNPs) using aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss for malaria therapy. Neem leaves collected from FRIM Malaysia were authenticated and extracted using Soxhlet extraction method. The extract was introduced to 1 mM of silver nitrate solution for neem-AgNPs synthesis. Synthesized AgNPs were further characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and the electron-scanning microscopy. Meanwhile, for the anti-plasmodial activity of the neem-AgNPs, two lab-adapted Plasmodium falciparum strains, 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive), and W2 (chloroquine-resistant) were tested. Red blood cells hemolysis was monitored to observe the effects of neem-AgNPs on normal and parasitized red blood cells. The synthesized neem-AgNPs were spherical in shape and showed a diameter range from 31-43 nm. When compared to aqueous neem leaves extract, the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the synthesized neem-AgNPs showed a four-fold IC50 decrease against both parasite strains with IC50 value of 40.920 µg/mL to 8.815 µg/mL for 3D7, and IC50 value of 98.770 µg/mL to 23.110 µg/mL on W2 strain. The hemolysis assay indicates that the synthesized neem-AgNPs and aqueous extract alone do not have hemolysis activity against normal and parasitized red blood cells. Therefore, this study shows the synthesized neem-AgNPs has a great potential to be used for malaria therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Zulaiha Ghazali
- Institute of Research in Molecular Medicine, (INFORMM), Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Khairul Mohd Fadzli Mustaffa
- Institute of Research in Molecular Medicine, (INFORMM), Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kelantan, Malaysia
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15
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Chiang SH, Yang KM, Lai YC, Chen CW. Evaluation of the in vitro biological activities of Banana flower and bract extracts and their bioactive compounds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1856134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Chiang
- Department of Health and Creative Vegetarian Science, FoGuang University, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Kia-Min Yang
- Department of Hospitality Management, Mingdao University, ChangHua, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chiao Lai
- Department of Health Food, Chung Chou, University of Science and Technology, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chen
- Bachelor Degree Program in Environment and Food Safety Laboratory Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
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16
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Sachdeva C, Mohanakrishnan D, Kumar S, Kaushik NK. Assessment of in vitro and in vivo antimalarial efficacy and GC-fingerprints of selected medicinal plant extracts. Exp Parasitol 2020; 219:108011. [PMID: 33010286 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of mortality and morbidity, malaria is affecting nearly half of the world's population. Emergence of drug-resistant strains of malarial parasite prompts identification and evaluation of medicinal plants and their constituents that may hold the key to a new and effective anti-malarial drug. In this context, nineteen methanolic extracts from seventeen medicinal plants were evaluated for anti-plasmodial potential against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 (Chloroquine (CQ) sensitive) and INDO (CQ resistant) using fluorescence based SYBR-Green assay and for cytotoxic effects against mammalian cell lines. Leaf extract of two plants showed promising in vitro anti-malarial activity (Pf3D7 IC50 ≤ 10 μg/ml); one plant extract showed good activity (Pf3D7 IC50 = 10.1-20 μg/ml); seven were moderately active (IC50 = 20.1-50 μg/ml), four plant extracts showed poor activity (PfD7 IC50 = 50.1-100 μg/ml) and five extracts showed no activity up to IC50 = 100 μg/ml. Further, six extracts were found equipotent to PfINDO (resistance index ranging 0.4-2) and relatively nontoxic to mammalian cell lines HEK293 (cytotoxicity index ranging 1.4-12.5). Based on good resistance and selectivity indices, three extracts were evaluated for in vivo activity in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected mice at a dose of 500 mg/kg and they showed significant suppression of P. berghei parasitemia. Further, these active plant extracts were fractionated using silica-gel chromatography and their fractions were evaluated for anti-plasmodial action. Obtained fractions showed enrichment in antimalarial activity. Active fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass-spectrometery. Results suggests that the three active plant extracts could serve as potent source of anti-malarial agent and therefore require further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Sachdeva
- Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Mohanakrishnan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, 781125, Assam, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Germplasm Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture (Govt. of India), New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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17
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Zin NNINM, Mohamad MN, Roslan K, Abdul Wafi S, Abdul Moin NI, Alias A, Zakaria Y, Abu-Bakar N. In Vitro Antimalarial and Toxicological Activities of Quercus infectoria (Olivier) Gall Extracts. Malays J Med Sci 2020; 27:36-50. [PMID: 32863744 PMCID: PMC7444841 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of Plasmodium falciparum resistance in common antimalarial drugs, including artemisinin-based combination therapies, has necessitated the discovery of new drugs with novel mechanisms of action. In the present study, the in vitro antimalarial and toxicological activities of acetone, methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Quercus infectoria (Q. infectoria) galls were investigated. METHODS The extracts were assessed for the antimalarial potential using a malarial SYBR Green I fluorescence-based (MSF) assay, while the toxicity was screened by using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT), haemolytic assay, and cytotoxicity assay against normal embryo fibroblast cell line (NIH/3T3) and normal kidney epithelial cell line (Vero). RESULTS The acetone extract showed the highest antimalarial activity (50% inhibitory concentration, IC50 = 5.85 ± 1.64 μg/mL), followed by the methanol extract (IC50 = 10.31 ± 1.90 μg/mL). Meanwhile, the ethanol and aqueous extracts displayed low antimalarial activity with IC50 values of 20.00 ± 1.57 and 30.95 μg/mL ± 1.27 μg/mL, respectively. The significant antimalarial activity was demonstrated in all extracts and artemisinin (P < 0.05). All extracts were non-toxic to brine shrimps (50% lethality concentration, LC50 > 1000 ppm). Furthermore, no occurrence of haemolysis (< 5%) was observed in normal erythrocytes when treated with all extracts compared to Triton X-100 that caused 100% haemolysis (P < 0.05). The acetone and methanol extracts were non-toxic to the normal cell lines and statistically significant to artemisinin (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Taken together with satisfactory selectivity index (SI) values, the acetone and methanol extracts of Q. infectoria galls could serve as an alternative, promising and safe antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mira Nabila Mohamad
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Keusar Roslan
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sazeli Abdul Wafi
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Nurul I'zaaz Abdul Moin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Azamuddin Alias
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Yusmazura Zakaria
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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18
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Kaharudin FA, Zohdi RM, Mukhtar SM, Sidek HM, Bihud NV, Rasol NE, Ahmad FB, Ismail NH. In vitro antiplasmodial and cytotoxicity activities of crude extracts and major compounds from Goniothalamus lanceolatus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112657. [PMID: 32045683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria, a devastating infectious disease which was initially recognized as episodic fever, is caused by parasitic protozoan of the genus Plasmodium. Medicinal plants with ethnobotanical information to treat fever and/or malaria has been the key element in identifying potential plant candidates for antimalarial screening. Goniothalamus lanceolatus Miq. (Annonaceae) is used as a folk remedy, particularly to treat fever and skin diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY In this context, supported with previous preliminary data of its antiplasmodial activity, this study was undertaken to determine the in vitro antiplasmodial and cytotoxicity activities of G. lanceolatus crude extracts and its major compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vitro antiplasmodial activity was determined by parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay on chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (K1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The cytotoxicity activity was evaluated using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and normal liver (WRL-68) cell lines. RESULTS The root methanol extract possessed potent antiplasmodial activity against both P. falciparum 3D7 and K1 strains (IC50 = 2.7 μg/ml, SI = 140; IC50 = 1.7 μg/ml, SI = 236). Apart from the DCM extract of stem bark and root that were found to be inactive (IC50 > 50 μg/ml) against 3D7 strain, all other tested crude extracts exhibited promising (5< IC50 < 15 μg/ml) to moderate (15< IC50 < 50 μg/ml) antiplasmodial activity against both strain. Additionally, only compound C (Parvistone D) exerted promising antiplasmodial activity against 3D7 strain (IC50 = 7.5 μM, SI = 51) whereas compound A, B and D showed moderate antiplasmodial activity against the same strain (20 < IC50 < 100 μM). Interestingly, when tested on K1 strain, compound A, C and D exhibited promising antiplasmodial activity (2 < IC50 < 20 μM) while compound B exhibited moderate activity (IC50 = 26.9 μM). Cytotoxicity study showed that all tested crude extracts and compounds were non-toxic on WRL-68 and HepG2 cell lines (CC50 > 30 µg/ml, CC50 > 10 µM, respectively), except for the hexane and DCM extracts of root, which exerted mild cytotoxicity on HepG2 cell line (IC50 < 30 μg/ml). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the root methanol extract and compound C (Parvistone D) obtained from G. lanceolatus are highly potential for exploitation as source of antimalarial agents. Parvistone D is identified as one of the bioactive styryl lactones found in the plant extract. It is also noteworthy, that the extract and compound were more active against chloroquine-resistant (K1) strain of P. falciparum. Further studies are being carried out to assess their toxicity profile and antimalarial efficacy in animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Amelina Kaharudin
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozaini Mohd Zohdi
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shahida Muhamad Mukhtar
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasidah Mohd Sidek
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Vicky Bihud
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurulfazlina Edayah Rasol
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fasihuddin Badruddin Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hadiani Ismail
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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19
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Elliott E, Chassagne F, Aubouy A, Deharo E, Souvanasy O, Sythamala P, Sydara K, Lamxay V, Manithip C, Torres JA, Bourdy G. Forest Fevers: traditional treatment of malaria in the southern lowlands of Laos. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112187. [PMID: 31476439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria is still a highly challenging public health issue in southern Lao PDR, with increasing cases of artemisinin resistance and Plasmodium vivax infections which are more complicated to treat. Traditional medicine has a long history of use in Laos, and is primarily practised by traditional village healers, who possess unique bodies of transmitted knowledge focused on herbal prescriptions, including those for the treatment of malaria. Villagers also use plants for healthcare in the home. The aim of the study is to document local fever concepts and use of herbal remedies, and examine whether they may have potential as complementary treatments against malaria. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study took place in Champasak province in the far south of Laos, in primarily lowland areas. First, 35 traditional healers across the 10 districts of the province were interviewed to elicit details about knowledge and treatment of fevers. Second, a household survey was conducted in a village in a malaria-endemic area; 97 households were interviewed on fever incidence, differentiation, treatment-seeking behaviour and knowledge of plant-based remedies for fevers. Plants indicated by both healers and villagers were collected and voucher specimens deposited in the herbarium of the National University of Laos for identification. RESULTS Malaria is a well-known pathology among the healers and villagers of lowland Champasak province; biomedical treatments are preferentially used, but traditional medicine is a popular complementary method, especially in chronic cases with additional symptoms. 30 different fever types were recorded, which were usually named symptomatically, and grouped into 12 categories. Some were described as forms of malaria, which was conceived as a dynamic, changing pathology affecting many body systems. Healers formulate treatments based on symptoms and the person's constitution, and with the intention of creating specific pharmacological actions associated with temperature or flavours. 11 of the healers gave prescriptions for malaria (27 in total), including 47 identified plant species. The most-used plants (4 or more use-reports) were also the most cited in the literature for use against malaria, demonstrating a correspondence between Lao healers and other traditional medical systems. Furthermore, some of these species show promising results for future research, especially Amorphophallus paeniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson and Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don. CONCLUSION Traditional healers are important actors in the treatment of malaria in southern Laos, and herbal remedies should be evaluated further by the use of reverse treatment outcome trials, especially those which may be of use as complementary remedies in treating P. vivax. Initiatives on knowledge transmission, medicinal plant conservation and healthcare integration are also urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - François Chassagne
- UMR 152 Pharmadev, IRD, Université de Toulouse, France; Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Agnès Aubouy
- UMR 152 Pharmadev, IRD, Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Deharo
- UMR 152 Pharmadev, IRD, Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Outhay Souvanasy
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Champasak Regional Hospital, Pakse, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic
| | - Phaiboun Sythamala
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Champasak Regional Hospital, Pakse, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic
| | - Kongmany Sydara
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Vientiane, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic
| | - Vichith Lamxay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic
| | - Chantanom Manithip
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic
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El-Saber Batiha G, Alkazmi LM, Wasef LG, Beshbishy AM, Nadwa EH, Rashwan EK. Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae): Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E202. [PMID: 32019140 PMCID: PMC7072209 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicinal products have been documented as a significant source for discovering new pharmaceutical molecules that have been used to treat serious diseases. Many plant species have been reported to have pharmacological activities attributable to their phytoconstituents such are glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenes, etc. Syzygium aromaticum (clove) is a traditional spice that has been used for food preservation and possesses various pharmacological activities. S. aromaticum is rich in many phytochemicals as follows: sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, hydrocarbon, and phenolic compounds. Eugenyl acetate, eugenol, and β-caryophyllene are the most significant phytochemicals in clove oil. Pharmacologically, S. aromaticum has been examined toward various pathogenic parasites and microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria, Plasmodium, Babesia, Theileria parasites, Herpes simplex, and hepatitis C viruses. Several reports documented the analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, antiseptic, anti-depressant, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial activity of eugenol against several pathogenic bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusepidermidis and S. aureus. Moreover, eugenol was found to protect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and showed a potential lethal efficacy against the multiplication of various parasites including Giardia lamblia, Fasciolagigantica, Haemonchuscontortus, and Schistosomamansoni. This review examines the phytochemical composition and biological activities of clove extracts along with clove essential oil and the main active compound, eugenol, and implicates new findings from gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt;
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Luay M. Alkazmi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lamiaa G. Wasef
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt;
| | - Amany Magdy Beshbishy
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Eman H. Nadwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Eman K. Rashwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt;
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi Arabia
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Carneiro JNP, da Cruz RP, Campina FF, Costa MDS, dos Santos ATL, Sales DL, Bezerra CF, da Silva LE, de Araujo JP, do Amaral W, Rebelo RA, Begnini IM, de Lima LF, Melo Coutinho HD, Bezerra Morais-Braga MF. GC/MS analysis and antimicrobial activity of the Piper mikanianum (Kunth) Steud. essential oil. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:110987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Exploring Antimalarial Herbal Plants across Communities in Uganda Based on Electronic Data. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3057180. [PMID: 31636682 PMCID: PMC6766105 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3057180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most rampant diseases today not only in Uganda but also throughout Africa. Hence, it needs very close attention as it can be severe, causing many deaths, especially due to the rising prevalence of pathogenic resistance to current antimalarial drugs. The majority of the Ugandan population relies on traditional herbal medicines for various health issues. Thus, herein, we review various plant resources used to treat malaria across communities in Uganda so as to provide comprehensive and valuable ethnobotanical data about these plants. Approximately 182 plant species from 63 different plant families are used for malaria treatment across several communities in Uganda, of which 112 plant species have been investigated for antimalarial activities and 96% of the plant species showing positive results. Some plants showed very strong antimalarial activities and could be investigated further for the identification and validation of potentially therapeutic antimalarial compounds. There is no record of an investigation of antimalarial activity for approximately 39% of the plant species used for malaria treatment, yet these plants could be potential sources for potent antimalarial remedies. Thus, the review provides guidance for areas of further research on potential plant resources that could be sources of compounds with therapeutic properties for the treatment of malaria. Some of the plants were investigated for antimalarial activities, and their efficacy, toxicity, and safety aspects still need to be studied.
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Murtihapsari M, Salam S, Kurnia D, Darwati D, Kadarusman K, Abdullah FF, Herlina T, Husna MH, Awang K, Shiono Y, Azmi MN, Supratman U. A new antiplasmodial sterol from Indonesian marine sponge, Xestospongia sp. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:937-944. [PMID: 31210054 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1611815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A new antimalarial sterol, kaimanol (1), along with a known sterol, saringosterol (2) was isolated from the Indonesian Marine sponge, Xestospongia sp. The chemical structure of the new compound was determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and by comparison to those related compounds previously reported. Isolated compounds, 1 and 2 were evaluated for their antiplasmodial effect against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strains. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 359 and 0.250 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtihapsari Murtihapsari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Papua State University, Monokwari, West Papua, Indonesia
| | - Supriatno Salam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Dikdik Kurnia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Darwati Darwati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Kadarusman Kadarusman
- Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Fisheries Higher School, KKD PSP, SRBE, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Sorong Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic, KKD BP, SR SGK, Tanjung Kasuari, Kota Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia
| | - Fajar Fauzi Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Garut, Garut, Indonesia
| | - Tati Herlina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Hafiz Husna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoshihito Shiono
- Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mohamad Nurul Azmi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
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Ethanol Extracts from Thai Plants have Anti-Plasmodium and Anti-Toxoplasma Activities In Vitro. Acta Parasitol 2019; 64:257-261. [PMID: 30820881 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00036-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ethanol extracts from seven Thai plants, Kaempferia parviflora, Stemona tuberosa Lour., Ananas comosus, Punica granatum, Musa sapientum L., Pseuderanthemum palatiferum and Annona muricata L., which are traditionally used in Thailand to support human health, were evaluated for their anti-Plasmodium and anti-Toxoplasma activities, and for their cytotoxicities against human foreskin fibroblasts in vitro. RESULTS The K. parviflora, P. palatiferum and A. muricata extracts were active against P. falciparum (3D7) with selectivity index (SI) values > 10, while their half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were 28.7 µg/ml, 78.8 µg/ml and 46.1 µg/ml, respectively. Extracts from K. parviflora and M. sapientum (ripe fruit peel) inhibited T. gondii (RH) growth with IC50 values of 53.5 µg/ml and 90.4 µg/ml, respectively. The SI values of the extracts from K. parviflora and M. sapientum (ripe fruit peel) were 9.0 and 10.8, respectively. CONCLUSION Our data show that some of the aforementioned ethanol extracts are potential sources of new drugs to treat Plasmodium and Toxoplasma infections.
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Inhibitory effects of Syzygium aromaticum and Camellia sinensis methanolic extracts on the growth of Babesia and Theileria parasites. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:949-958. [PMID: 31101552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Currently, chemotherapeutics against piroplasmosis are also associated with toxicity and the emergence of drug-resistant parasites. Therefore, the discovery of new drug compounds is necessary for the effective control of bovine and equine piroplasms. Syzygium aromaticum (clove) and Camellia sinensis (green tea) have several documented medicinal properties. In the present study, the growth-inhibiting effects of S. aromaticum and C. sinensis methanolic extracts were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for methanolic S. aromaticum against Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens, B. caballi, and Theileria equi were 109.8 ± 3.8, 8.7 ± 0.09, 76.4 ± 4.5, 19.6 ± 2.2, and 60 ± 7.3 μg/ml, respectively. Methanolic C. sinensis exhibited IC50 values of 114 ± 6.1, 71.3 ± 3.7, 35.9 ± 6.8, 32.7 ± 20.3, and 60.8 ± 7.9 μg/ml against B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens, B. caballi, and T. equi, respectively. The toxicity assay on Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK), mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3T3), and human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cell lines showed that methanolic S. aromaticum and methanolic C. sinensis affected only the viability of the MDBK cell line with half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) of 894.7 ± 4.9 and 473.7 ± 7.4 μg/ml, respectively, while the viability of NIH/3T3 and HFF cell lines was not affected even at 1000 μg/ml. In the in vivo experiment, methanolic S. aromaticum and methanolic C. sinensis oral treatments at 150 mg/kg inhibited the growth of Babesia microti in mice by 69.2% and 42.4%, respectively. These findings suggest that methanolic S. aromaticum and methanolic C. sinensis extracts have the potential as alternative remedies for treating piroplasmosis.
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In vitro antimalarial activity of synthesized TiO 2 nanoparticles using Momordica charantia leaf extract against Plasmodium falciparum. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Rufin Marie TK, Mbetyoumoun Mfouapon H, Madiesse Kemgne EA, Jiatsa Mbouna CD, Tsouh Fokou PV, Sahal D, Fekam Boyom F. Anti-Plasmodium falciparum Activity of Extracts from 10 Cameroonian Medicinal Plants. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E115. [PMID: 30380685 PMCID: PMC6313623 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: In the midst of transient victories by way of insecticides against mosquitoes or drugs against malaria, the most serious form of malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum, continues to be a major public health problem. The emergence of drug-resistant malaria parasites facilitated by fake medications or the use of single drugs has worsened the situation, thereby emphasizing the need for a continued search for potent, safe, and affordable new antimalarial treatments. In line with this need, we have investigated the antiplasmodial activity of 66 different extracts prepared from 10 different medicinal plants that are native to Cameroon. Methods: Extracts were evaluated for their capacity to inhibit the growth of the chloroquine-sensitive (Pf3D7) and resistant (PfINDO) strains of P. falciparum using the SYBR green fluorescence method. The cytotoxicity of promising extracts against human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T) mammalian cells was assessed by MTT assay. Results: The antiplasmodial activity (50% inhibitory concentration, IC50) of plant extracts ranged from 1.90 to >100 μg/mL against the two strains. Six extracts exhibited good activity against both Pf3D7 and PfINDO strains, including cold water, water decoction, and ethyl acetate extracts of leaves of Drypetes principum (Müll.Arg.) Hutch. (IC503D7/INDO = 4.91/6.64 μg/mL, 5.49/5.98 μg/mL, and 6.49/7.10 μg/mL respectively), water decoction extract of leaves of Terminalia catappa L. (IC503D7/INDO = 6.41/8.10 μg/mL), and water decoction extracts of leaves and bark of Terminalia mantaly H.Perrier (IC503D7/INDO = 2.49/1.90 μg/mL and 3.70/2.80 μg/mL respectively). These promising extracts showed no cytotoxicity against HEK293T up to 200 μg/mL, giving selectivity indices (SIs) in the range of >31.20⁻80.32. Conclusions: While providing credence to the use of D. principum, T. catappa, and T. mantaly in the traditional treatment of malaria, the results achieved set the stage for isolation and identification of active principles and ancillary molecules that may provide us with new drugs or drug combinations to fight against drug-resistant malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toghueo Kouipou Rufin Marie
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon.
| | - Heroine Mbetyoumoun Mfouapon
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon.
| | - Eugenie Aimée Madiesse Kemgne
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon.
| | - Cedric Derick Jiatsa Mbouna
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon.
| | - Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon.
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Research Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Fabrice Fekam Boyom
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon.
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Nor Azman NS, Hossan MS, Nissapatorn V, Uthaipibull C, Prommana P, Jin KT, Rahmatullah M, Mahboob T, Raju CS, Jindal HM, Hazra B, Mohd Abd Razak MR, Prajapati VK, Pandey RK, Aminudin N, Shaari K, Ismail NH, Butler MS, Zarubaev VV, Wiart C. Anti-infective activities of 11 plants species used in traditional medicine in Malaysia. Exp Parasitol 2018; 194:67-78. [PMID: 30268422 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of drug resistant protozoa, bacteria, and viruses requires new drugs with alternative chemotypes. Such compounds could be found from Southeast Asian medicinal plants. The present study examines the cytotoxic, antileishmanial, and antiplasmodial effects of 11 ethnopharmacologically important plant species in Malaysia. Chloroform extracts were tested for their toxicity against MRC-5 cells and Leishmania donovani by MTT, and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 strain by Histidine-Rich Protein II ELISA assays. None of the extract tested was cytotoxic to MRC-5 cells. Extracts of Uvaria grandiflora, Chilocarpus costatus, Tabernaemontana peduncularis, and Leuconotis eugenifolius had good activities against L. donovani with IC50 < 50 μg/mL. Extracts of U. grandiflora, C. costatus, T. peduncularis, L. eugenifolius, A. subulatum, and C. aeruginosa had good activities against P. falciparum K1 with IC50 < 10 μg/mL. Pinoresinol isolated from C. costatus was inactive against L. donovani and P. falciparum. C. costatus extract and pinoresinol increased the sensitivity of Staphylococcus epidermidis to cefotaxime. Pinoresinol demonstrated moderate activity against influenza virus (IC50 = 30.4 ± 11 μg/mL) and was active against Coxsackie virus B3 (IC50 = 7.1 ± 3.0 μg/mL). β-Amyrin from L. eugenifolius inhibited L. donovani with IC50 value of 15.4 ± 0.01 μM. Furanodienone from C. aeruginosa inhibited L. donovani and P. falciparum K1 with IC50 value of 39.5 ± 0.2 and 17.0 ± 0.05 μM, respectively. Furanodienone also inhibited the replication of influenza and Coxsackie virus B3 with IC50 value of 4.0 ± 0.5 and 7.2 ± 1.4 μg/mL (Ribavirin: IC50: 15.6 ± 2.0 μg/mL), respectively. Our study provides evidence that medicinal plants in Malaysia have potentials as a source of chemotypes for the development of anti-infective leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Syafiqah Nor Azman
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Md Shahadat Hossan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, 80161 Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
| | - Chairat Uthaipibull
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Parichat Prommana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Khoo Teng Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science, University of Development Alternative, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Tooba Mahboob
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chandramathi Samudi Raju
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Mahmood Jindal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Banasri Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 70032, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, 305817 Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, 305817 Rajasthan, India
| | - Norhaniza Aminudin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hadiani Ismail
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam, 42300 Kuala Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mark S Butler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Vladimir V Zarubaev
- Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 14 Mira str., 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Christophe Wiart
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Malaysia.
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Suleman S, Beyene Tufa T, Kebebe D, Belew S, Mekonnen Y, Gashe F, Mussa S, Wynendaele E, Duchateau L, De Spiegeleer B. Treatment of malaria and related symptoms using traditional herbal medicine in Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:262-279. [PMID: 29102764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants have always been an integral part of different cultures in Ethiopia in the treatment of different illnesses including malaria and related symptoms. However, due to lack of proper documentation, urbanization, drought, acculturation and deforestation, there is an increased risk of losing this traditional knowledge. Hence, the use of the indigenous knowledge should be well documented and validated for potential future use. AIM OF THE STUDY To gather and document information on medicinal plants which are used in the traditional treatment of malaria and related symptoms in Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, an ethnomedicinal survey of plants was conducted in 17 districts of Jimma zone, the Oromia national regional state of Ethiopia. Jimma zone is malarious and rich in natural flora. A total of 115 traditional healers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire containing personal data of the respondents, and information on medicinal plants used to treat malaria and related symptoms. In addition, a literature search using Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and HINARI was conducted on the indigenous use, in-vitro/in-vivo anti-malarial activity reports, and the chemical characterization of medicinal plants of Ethiopia used against malaria. RESULTS From ethnomedicinal survey, a total of 28 species of plants used in the traditional treatment of malaria and related symptoms in Jimma Zone were collected, identified and documented. In addition, the literature search revealed that 124 medicinal plant species were reported to be traditionally used in the treatment of malaria in Ethiopia. From both ethnomedicinal survey and the literature search, Asteraceae and Fabaceae were the most represented families and Allium sativum L., Carica papaya L., Vernonia amygdalina Del., Lepidium sativum L. and Croton macrostachyus Del. were the most frequently reported plant species for their anti-malarial use. The dominant plant parts used in the preparation of remedies were leaves. About 54% of the medicinal plants documented in the survey have been reported as an anti-malarial plant in the literature search. Furthermore, the in-vitro and in-vivo anti-plasmodial activity reports of extracts from some of plant species were found to support the traditional claim of the documented plants. Moreover, literatures indicate that several secondary metabolites isolated from certain plant species that are traditionally used for the treatment of malaria and related symptoms in Ethiopia demonstrate strong anti-plasmodial activity. CONCLUSIONS The result of the current study showed that traditional knowledge is still playing an important role in the management of malaria and related symptoms in Ethiopia. Allium sativum L., Carica papaya L., Vernonia amygdalina Del., and Lepidium sativum L. are the most commonly reported species as anti-malarial plants and the traditional claim of some species was supported by known anti-plasmodial activity and bioactivity reports. The finding of this study is important in the rational prioritization of plant species which are potentially used for investigating new compounds, which could be efficacious for malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Suleman
- Jimma University Laboratory of Drug Quality (JuLaDQ), Jimma University, PO Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Takele Beyene Tufa
- Jimma University Laboratory of Drug Quality (JuLaDQ), Jimma University, PO Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
| | - Dereje Kebebe
- Jimma University Laboratory of Drug Quality (JuLaDQ), Jimma University, PO Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Sileshi Belew
- Jimma University Laboratory of Drug Quality (JuLaDQ), Jimma University, PO Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Yimer Mekonnen
- Jimma University Laboratory of Drug Quality (JuLaDQ), Jimma University, PO Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Fanta Gashe
- School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Seid Mussa
- School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Panda S, Rout JR, Pati P, Ranjit M, Sahoo SL. Antimalarial activity of Artemisia nilagirica against Plasmodium falciparum. J Parasit Dis 2017; 42:22-27. [PMID: 29491554 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-017-0956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most prevalent vector borne infectious disease and a serious global health problem in the world. Treatment for malaria is commonly inadequate due to the lack of quality assured limited number of effective drugs, underline how important it is to discover new antimalarial plants from number of natural sources. In the present study, the efficacy of antimalarial activity was studied by taking six various (n-hexane, chloroform, petroleum ether, ethanol, methanol and aqueous) organic leaf extracts of Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp. against malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Promising antiplasmodial activity was found in all tested extracts; however, maximum 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were noticed after 32 h of incubation, which is 5.76 ± 0.82, 7.09 ± 1.09, 9.88 ± 1.13, 10.24 ± 1.52, 11.37 ± 1.77 and 50.15 ± 6.16 µg/ml in methanol, chloroform, n-hexane, petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. In conclusion, A. nilagirica leaf extract possesses antiplasmodial activity which may be used as a potent plant-based antimalarial drug in the future by investigating the hidden phytochemical/(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagorika Panda
- 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004 India
| | - Jyoti Ranjan Rout
- 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004 India
- Department of Biotechnology, Academy of Management and Information Technology, 67/68, IID Centre, Bidya Vihar, Barunei Hills, Khurda, Odisha 752057 India
| | - Pallabi Pati
- Molecular Epidemiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023 India
| | - Manoranjan Ranjit
- Molecular Epidemiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023 India
| | - Santi Lata Sahoo
- 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004 India
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Sujitha V, Murugan K, Dinesh D, Pandiyan A, Aruliah R, Hwang JS, Kalimuthu K, Panneerselvam C, Higuchi A, Aziz AT, Kumar S, Alarfaj AA, Vaseeharan B, Canale A, Benelli G. Green-synthesized CdS nano-pesticides: Toxicity on young instars of malaria vectors and impact on enzymatic activities of the non-target mud crab Scylla serrata. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 188:100-108. [PMID: 28482328 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, nano-formulated mosquito larvicides have been widely proposed to control young instars of malaria vector populations. However, the fate of nanoparticles in the aquatic environment is scarcely known, with special reference to the impact of nanoparticles on enzymatic activity of non-target aquatic invertebrates. In this study, we synthesized CdS nanoparticles using a green protocol relying on the cheap extract of Valoniopsis pachynema algae. CdS nanoparticles showed high toxicity on young instars of the malaria vectors Anopheles stephensi and A. sundaicus. The antimalarial activity of the nano-synthesized product against chloroquine-resistant (CQ-r) Plasmodium falciparum parasites was investigated. From a non-target perspective, we focused on the impact of this novel nano-pesticide on antioxidant enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities of the mud crab Scylla serrata. The characterization of nanomaterials was carried out by UV-vis and FTIR spectroscopy, as well as SEM and XRD analyses. In mosquitocidal assays, LC50 of V. pachynema-synthesized CdS nanoparticles on A. stephensi ranged from 16.856 (larva I), to 30.301μg/ml (pupa), while for An. sundaicus they ranged from 13.584 to 22.496μg/ml. The antiplasmodial activity of V. pachynema extract and CdS nanoparticles was evaluated against CQ-r and CQ-sensitive (CQ-s) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. IC50 of V. pachynema extract was 58.1μg/ml (CQ-s) and 71.46μg/ml (CQ-r), while nano-CdS IC50 was 76.14μg/ml (CQ-s) and 89.21μg/ml (CQ-r). In enzymatic assays, S. serrata crabs were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations, i.e. 4, 6 and 8μg/ml of CdS nanoparticles, assessing changes in GST and AChE activity after 16days. We observed significantly higher activity of GST, if compared to the control, during the whole experiment period. In addition, a single treatment with CdS nanoparticles led to a significant decrease in AChE activity over time. The toxicity of CdS nanoparticles and Cd ions in aqueous solution was also assessed in mud crabs, showing higher toxicity of aqueous Cd ions if compared to nano-CdS. Overall, our results underlined the efficacy of green-synthesized CdS nanoparticles in malaria vector control, outlining also significant impacts on the enzymatic activity of non-target aquatic organisms, with special reference to mud crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasu Sujitha
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India; Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, 632 115, India
| | - Devakumar Dinesh
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | | | - Rajasekar Aruliah
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632 115, India
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Kandasamy Kalimuthu
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | | | - Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001 Taiwan; Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Al Thabiani Aziz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah A Alarfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Angelo Canale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Murugan K, Samidoss CM, Theerthagiri J, Panneerselvam C, Madhavan J, Rajasekar A, Canale A, Benelli G. Solution Combustion Synthesis of Hierarchically Structured V2O5 Nanoflakes: Efficacy Against Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium berghei and the Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi. J CLUST SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-017-1228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Theerthagiri J, Madhavan J, Murugan K, Samidoss CM, Kumar S, Higuchi A, Benelli G. Flower-Like Copper Sulfide Nanocrystals are Highly Effective Against Chloroquine-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum and the Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi. J CLUST SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-016-1128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Murugan K, Wei J, Alsalhi MS, Nicoletti M, Paulpandi M, Samidoss CM, Dinesh D, Chandramohan B, Paneerselvam C, Subramaniam J, Vadivalagan C, Wei H, Amuthavalli P, Jaganathan A, Devanesan S, Higuchi A, Kumar S, Aziz AT, Nataraj D, Vaseeharan B, Canale A, Benelli G. Magnetic nanoparticles are highly toxic to chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, dengue virus (DEN-2), and their mosquito vectors. Parasitol Res 2016; 116:495-502. [PMID: 27815736 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A main challenge in parasitology is the development of reliable tools to prevent or treat mosquito-borne diseases. We investigated the toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) produced by Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense (strain MSR-1) on chloroquine-resistant (CQ-r) and sensitive (CQ-s) Plasmodium falciparum, dengue virus (DEN-2), and two of their main vectors, Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti, respectively. MNP were studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. They were toxic to larvae and pupae of An. stephensi, LC50 ranged from 2.563 ppm (1st instar larva) to 6.430 ppm (pupa), and Ae. aegypti, LC50 ranged from 3.231 ppm (1st instar larva) to 7.545 ppm (pupa). MNP IC50 on P. falciparum were 83.32 μg ml-1 (CQ-s) and 87.47 μg ml-1 (CQ-r). However, the in vivo efficacy of MNP on Plasmodium berghei was low if compared to CQ-based treatments. Moderate cytotoxicity was detected on Vero cells post-treatment with MNP doses lower than 4 μg ml-1. MNP evaluated at 2-8 μg ml-1 inhibited DEN-2 replication inhibiting the expression of the envelope (E) protein. In conclusion, our findings represent the first report about the use of MNP in medical and veterinary entomology, proposing them as suitable materials to develop reliable tools to combat mosquito-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadarkarai Murugan
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jiang Wei
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohamad Saleh Alsalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancer, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcello Nicoletti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Manickam Paulpandi
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Christina Mary Samidoss
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devakumar Dinesh
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balamurugan Chandramohan
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Jayapal Subramaniam
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chithravel Vadivalagan
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hui Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China
| | - Pandiyan Amuthavalli
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anitha Jaganathan
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancer, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300 Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Al Thabiani Aziz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Devaraj Nataraj
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Angelo Canale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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Islamuddin M, Chouhan G, Want MY, Ozbak HA, Hemeg HA, Afrin F. Immunotherapeutic Potential of Eugenol Emulsion in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005011. [PMID: 27776125 PMCID: PMC5077126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapy of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is limited by resistance, toxicity and decreased bioavailability of the existing drugs coupled with dramatic increase in HIV-co-infection, non-availability of vaccines and down regulation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Thus, we envisaged combating the problem with plant-derived antileishmanial drug that could concomitantly mitigate the immune suppression of the infected hosts. Several plant-derived compounds have been found to exert leishmanicidal activity via immunomodulation. In this direction, we investigated the antileishmanial activity of eugenol emulsion (EE), complemented with its immunomodulatory and therapeutic efficacy in murine model of VL. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Oil-in-water emulsion of eugenol (EE) was prepared and size measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). EE exhibited significant leishmanicidal activity with 50% inhibitory concentration of 8.43±0.96 μg ml-1 and 5.05±1.72 μg ml─1, respectively against the promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania donovani. For in vivo effectiveness, EE was administered intraperitoneally (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg b.w./day for 10 days) to 8 week-infected BALB/c mice. The cytotoxicity of EE was assessed in RAW 264.7 macrophages as well as in naive mice. EE induced a significant drop in hepatic and splenic parasite burdens as well as diminution in spleen and liver weights 10 days post-treatment, with augmentation of 24h-delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and high IgG2a:IgG1, mirroring induction of CMI. Enhanced IFN-γ and IL-2 levels, with fall in disease-associated Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) detected by flow cytometric bead-based array, substantiated the Th1 immune signature. Lymphoproliferation and nitric oxide release were significantly elevated upon antigen revoke in vitro. The immune-stimulatory activity of EE was further corroborated by expansion of IFN-γ producing CD4+ and CD8+ splenic T lymphocytes and up-regulation of CD80 and CD86 on peritoneal macrophages. EE treated groups exhibited induction of CD8+ central memory T cells as evidenced from CD62L and CD44 expression. No biochemical alterations in hepatic and renal enzymes were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate antileishmanial activity of EE, potentiated by Th1 immunostimulation without adverse side effects. The Th1 immune polarizing effect may help to alleviate the depressed CMI and hence complement the leishmanicidal activity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan/blood
- Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line
- Cytokines/blood
- Cytokines/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Emulsions
- Eugenol/adverse effects
- Eugenol/chemistry
- Eugenol/pharmacology
- Eugenol/therapeutic use
- Female
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunomodulation
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Interleukin-10/blood
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-2/blood
- Interleukin-2/genetics
- Interleukin-4/blood
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Leishmania donovani/drug effects
- Leishmania donovani/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/therapy
- Liver/parasitology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/parasitology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Spleen/parasitology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Islamuddin
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Chouhan
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Muzamil Yaqub Want
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Hani A. Ozbak
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhat Afrin
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: ,
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Sheng Z, Dai H, Pan S, Ai B, Zheng L, Zheng X, Prinyawiwatkul W, Xu Z. Phytosterols in banana (Musa spp.) flower inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase hydrolysations and glycation reaction. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwu Sheng
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan 430070 China
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Banana Biology; Haikou Experimental Station; Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Haikou 570101 China
| | - Haofu Dai
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences; Haikou 571101 China
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Binling Ai
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Banana Biology; Haikou Experimental Station; Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Haikou 570101 China
| | - Lili Zheng
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Banana Biology; Haikou Experimental Station; Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Haikou 570101 China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Banana Biology; Haikou Experimental Station; Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Haikou 570101 China
| | - Witoon Prinyawiwatkul
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Louisiana State University Agricultural Center; Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - Zhimin Xu
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Louisiana State University Agricultural Center; Baton Rouge LA USA
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Emblica officinalis (Amla): A review for its phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal uses and medicinal potentials with respect to molecular mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:180-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Joshi B, Hendrickx S, Magar LB, Parajuli N, Dorny P, Maes L. In vitro antileishmanial and antimalarial activity of selected plants of Nepal. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 5:383-389. [PMID: 27757268 PMCID: PMC5061481 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160728031236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Nepal is very rich in biodiversity, and no extensive effort has yet been carried out to screen plants that are used by traditional healers against parasitic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antileishmanial and antimalarial activity of crude methanolic or ethanolic extracts of 29 plant species that are currently used by local people of Nepal for treating different ailments. Methods: Crude extracts of leaves, twigs, aerial parts, and/or roots of the selected plants were evaluated for in vitro inhibitory activity against intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania infantum and against erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum. To determine the selectivity index (SI), cytotoxicity was assessed on MRC-5 cells in parallel. Results: Three plant species, namely Phragmites vallatoria and Ampelocissus tomentosa, for which no antiprotozoal activity has previously been reported, and Terminalia chebula revealed antiprotozoal activity. The extract of A. tomentosa exhibited moderate activity against L. infantum with an inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of 13.2 ± 4.3 µg/ml and SI >3, while T. chebula exhibited fairly good antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 4.5 ± 2.4 µg/ml and SI values >5. Conclusion: In countries like Nepal, where the current health system is unable to combat the burden of endemic parasitic diseases, evaluation of local plants as a potential source of the drug can help in expanding the treatment options. The extent of untapped resources available in these countries provides an opportunity for future bioprospecting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Society for Biological Applications, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sarah Hendrickx
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lila Bahadur Magar
- Department of Biotechnology, National College, Tribhuvan University, Nayabazar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Niranjan Parajuli
- Department of Biotechnology, National College, Tribhuvan University, Nayabazar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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Murugan K, Panneerselvam C, Subramaniam J, Madhiyazhagan P, Hwang JS, Wang L, Dinesh D, Suresh U, Roni M, Higuchi A, Nicoletti M, Benelli G. Eco-friendly drugs from the marine environment: spongeweed-synthesized silver nanoparticles are highly effective on Plasmodium falciparum and its vector Anopheles stephensi, with little non-target effects on predatory copepods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:16671-85. [PMID: 27180838 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes act as vectors of devastating pathogens and parasites, representing a key threat for millions of humans and animals worldwide. The control of mosquito-borne diseases is facing a number of crucial challenges, including the emergence of artemisinin and chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium parasites, as well as the presence of mosquito vectors resistant to synthetic and microbial pesticides. Therefore, eco-friendly tools are urgently required. Here, a synergic approach relying to nanotechnologies and biological control strategies is proposed. The marine environment is an outstanding reservoir of bioactive natural products, which have many applications against pests, parasites, and pathogens. We proposed a novel method of seaweed-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using the spongeweed Codium tomentosum, acting as a reducing and capping agent. AgNP were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In mosquitocidal assays, the 50 % lethal concentration (LC50) of C. tomentosum extract against Anopheles stephensi ranged from 255.1 (larva I) to 487.1 ppm (pupa). LC50 of C. tomentosum-synthesized AgNP ranged from 18.1 (larva I) to 40.7 ppm (pupa). In laboratory, the predation efficiency of Mesocyclops aspericornis copepods against A. stephensi larvae was 81, 65, 17, and 9 % (I, II, III, and IV instar, respectively). In AgNP contaminated environment, predation was not affected; 83, 66, 19, and 11 % (I, II, III, and IV). The anti-plasmodial activity of C. tomentosum extract and spongeweed-synthesized AgNP was evaluated against CQ-resistant (CQ-r) and CQ-sensitive (CQ-s) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) of C. tomentosum were 51.34 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 65.17 μg/ml (CQ-r); C. tomentosum-synthesized AgNP achieved IC50 of 72.45 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 76.08 μg/ml (CQ-r). Furthermore, low doses of the AgNP inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhi, using the agar disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration protocol. Overall, C. tomentosum metabolites and spongeweed-synthesized AgNP may be potential candidates to develop novel and effective tools in the fight against Plasmodium parasites and their mosquito vectors. The employ of ultra-low doses of nanomosquitocides in synergy with cyclopoid crustaceans seems a promising green route for effective mosquito control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadarkarai Murugan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632115, India
| | | | - Jayapal Subramaniam
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Pari Madhiyazhagan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Devakumar Dinesh
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Udaiyan Suresh
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Mathath Roni
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300 Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Marcello Nicoletti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Insect Behaviour Group, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- The BioRobotics Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy.
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Anbazhagan P, Murugan K, Jaganathan A, Sujitha V, Samidoss CM, Jayashanthani S, Amuthavalli P, Higuchi A, Kumar S, Wei H, Nicoletti M, Canale A, Benelli G. Mosquitocidal, Antimalarial and Antidiabetic Potential of Musa paradisiaca-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles: In Vivo and In Vitro Approaches. J CLUST SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-016-1047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Subramaniam J, Murugan K, Panneerselvam C, Kovendan K, Madhiyazhagan P, Dinesh D, Kumar PM, Chandramohan B, Suresh U, Rajaganesh R, Alsalhi MS, Devanesan S, Nicoletti M, Canale A, Benelli G. Multipurpose effectiveness of Couroupita guianensis-synthesized gold nanoparticles: high antiplasmodial potential, field efficacy against malaria vectors and synergy with Aplocheilus lineatus predators. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:7543-7558. [PMID: 26732702 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-6007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases represent a deadly threat for millions of people worldwide. According to recent estimates, about 3.2 billion people, almost half of the world's population, are at risk of malaria. Malaria control is particularly challenging due to a growing number of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium and pesticide-resistant Anopheles vectors. Newer and safer control tools are required. In this research, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were biosynthesized using a cheap flower extract of Couroupita guianensis as reducing and stabilizing agent. The biofabrication of AuNP was confirmed by UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, and particle size analysis. AuNP showed different shapes including spheres, ovals, and triangles. AuNPs were crystalline in nature with face-centered cubic geometry; mean size was 29.2-43.8 nm. In laboratory conditions, AuNPs were toxic against Anopheles stephensi larvae, pupae, and adults. LC50 was 17.36 ppm (larva I), 19.79 ppm (larva II), 21.69 ppm (larva III), 24.57 ppm (larva IV), 28.78 ppm (pupa), and 11.23 ppm (adult). In the field, a single treatment with C. guianensis flower extract and AuNP (10 × LC50) led to complete larval mortality after 72 h. In standard laboratory conditions, the predation efficiency of golden wonder killifish, Aplocheilus lineatus, against A. stephensi IV instar larvae was 56.38 %, while in an aquatic environment treated with sub-lethal doses of the flower extract or AuNP, predation efficiency was boosted to 83.98 and 98.04 %, respectively. Lastly, the antiplasmodial activity of C. guianensis flower extract and AuNP was evaluated against CQ-resistant (CQ-r) and CQ-sensitive (CQ-s) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. IC50 of C. guianensis flower extract was 43.21 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 51.16 μg/ml (CQ-r). AuNP IC50 was 69.47 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 76.33 μg/ml (CQ-r). Overall, our results showed the multipurpose effectiveness of C. guianensis-synthesized AuNPs, since they may be proposed as newer and safer tools in the fight against CQ-r strains of P. falciparum and for field control of malaria vectors, in synergy with wonder killifish predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayapal Subramaniam
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellasamy Panneerselvam
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalimuthu Kovendan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pari Madhiyazhagan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devakumar Dinesh
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palanisamy Mahesh Kumar
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balamurugan Chandramohan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Udaiyan Suresh
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajapandian Rajaganesh
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamad Saleh Alsalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancer, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancer, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcello Nicoletti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Canale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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In vivo and in vitro effectiveness of Azadirachta indica-synthesized silver nanocrystals against Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium falciparum, and their potential against malaria mosquitoes. Res Vet Sci 2016; 106:14-22. [PMID: 27234530 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria transmission is a serious emergence in urban and semiurban areas worldwide, becoming a major international public health concern. Malaria is transmitted through the bites of Anopheles mosquitoes. The extensive employ of synthetic pesticides leads to negative effects on human health and the environment. Recently, plant-synthesized nanoparticles have been proposed as highly effective mosquitocides. In this research, we synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using the Azadirachta indica seed kernel extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. AgNP were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry, SEM, EDX, XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. The A. indica seed kernel extract was toxic against Anopheles stephensi larvae and pupae, LC50 were 232.8ppm (larva I), 260.6ppm (II), 290.3ppm (III), 323.4ppm (IV), and 348.4ppm (pupa). AgNP LC50 were 3.9ppm (I), 4.9ppm (II), 5.6ppm (III), 6.5ppm (IV), and 8.2ppm (pupa). The antiplasmodial activity of A. indica seed kernel extract and AgNP was evaluated against CQ-resistant (CQ-r) and CQ-sensitive (CQ-s) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. IC50 of A. indica seed kernel extract were 63.18μg/ml (CQ-s) and 69.24μg/ml (CQ-r). A. indica seed kernel-synthesized AgNP achieved IC50, of 82.41μg/ml (CQ-s) and 86.12μg/ml (CQ-r). However, in vivo anti-plasmodial experiments conducted on Plasmodium berghei infecting albino mice showed moderate activity of the A. indica extract and AgNP. Overall, this study showed that the A. indica-mediated fabrication of AgNP is of interest for a wide array of purposes, ranging from IPM of mosquito vectors to the development of novel and cheap antimalarial drugs.
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Jaganathan A, Murugan K, Panneerselvam C, Madhiyazhagan P, Dinesh D, Vadivalagan C, Aziz AT, Chandramohan B, Suresh U, Rajaganesh R, Subramaniam J, Nicoletti M, Higuchi A, Alarfaj AA, Munusamy MA, Kumar S, Benelli G. Earthworm-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles: A potent tool against hepatocellular carcinoma, Plasmodium falciparum parasites and malaria mosquitoes. Parasitol Int 2016; 65:276-84. [PMID: 26873539 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of parasites and pathogens resistant to synthetic drugs highlighted the needing of novel, eco-friendly and effective control approaches. Recently, metal nanoparticles have been proposed as highly effective tools towards cancer cells and Plasmodium parasites. In this study, we synthesized silver nanoparticles (EW-AgNP) using Eudrilus eugeniae earthworms as reducing and stabilizing agents. EW-AgNP showed plasmon resonance reduction in UV-vis spectrophotometry, the functional groups involved in the reduction were studied by FTIR spectroscopy, while particle size and shape was analyzed by FESEM. The effect of EW-AgNP on in vitro HepG2 cell proliferation was measured using MTT assays. Apoptosis assessed by flow cytometry showed diminished endurance of HepG2 cells and cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. EW-AgNP were toxic to Anopheles stephensi larvae and pupae, LC(50) were 4.8 ppm (I), 5.8 ppm (II), 6.9 ppm (III), 8.5 ppm (IV), and 15.5 ppm (pupae). The antiplasmodial activity of EW-AgNP was evaluated against CQ-resistant (CQ-r) and CQ-sensitive (CQ-s) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. EW-AgNP IC(50) were 49.3 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 55.5 μg/ml (CQ-r), while chloroquine IC(50) were 81.5 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 86.5 μg/ml (CQ-r). EW-AgNP showed a valuable antibiotic potential against important pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Concerning non-target effects of EW-AgNP against mosquito natural enemies, the predation efficiency of the mosquitofish Gambusia affinis towards the II and II instar larvae of A. stephensi was 68.50% (II) and 47.00% (III), respectively. In EW-AgNP-contaminated environments, predation was boosted to 89.25% (II) and 70.75% (III), respectively. Overall, this research highlighted the EW-AgNP potential against hepatocellular carcinoma, Plasmodium parasites and mosquito vectors, with little detrimental effects on mosquito natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Jaganathan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Pari Madhiyazhagan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devakumar Dinesh
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chithravel Vadivalagan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Al Thabiani Aziz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balamurugan Chandramohan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Udaiyan Suresh
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajapandian Rajaganesh
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayapal Subramaniam
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marcello Nicoletti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alarfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murugan A Munusamy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Das NG, Rabha B, Talukdar PK, Goswami D, Dhiman S. Preliminary in vitro antiplasmodial activity of Aristolochia griffithii and Thalictrum foliolosum DC extracts against malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:51. [PMID: 26821745 PMCID: PMC4731913 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-1862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance development in human malaria parasites against commonly used antimalarial drugs has necessitated the scientific exploration of traditionally used antimalarial plants. Plant derivatives have been used for curing malaria historically. The present study involves in vitro evaluation of two medicinally important plants Aristolochia griffithii and Thalictrum foliolosum DC used in antimalarial chemotherapy by the tribes of northeast India. Method Chloroform, ethyl acetate and n–butanol extracts of Aristolochia griffithii and Thalictrum foliolosum DC were evaluated in vitro against chloroquine sensitive (SS) and chloroquine resistance strains (RS) of P. falciparum. The tests were conducted following WHO standard method and the inhibition of parasite (IC50) was calculated. Results In A. griffithii, the IC50 value for ethyl acetate extracts against SS was 6.2 ± 0.02 μg/ml and found to be lower than chloroform extracts, which exhibited an IC50 value of 14.1 ± 0.1 μg/ml (t = 191.1; p < 0.0001). The IC50 values of both chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts for RS were higher as compared to the SS (p < 0.0001). In T. foliolosum DC the IC50 concentration of chloroform extracts for SS and RS were 0.5 ± 0.0 and 1.1 ± 0.0 μg/ml respectively (t = 54.2; p < 0.0001). Conclusion The present findings, although preliminary, but scientifically demonstrate that identification and isolation of active compounds of these two plant materials and testing against different Plasmodium species could lead to the development of potential antimalarial drugs for future.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Das
- Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India.
| | - Bipul Rabha
- Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India.
| | - P K Talukdar
- Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India.
| | | | - Sunil Dhiman
- Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India.
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Sankarganesh P, Joseph B. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a tool for identification of crude microbial extracts with anti-malarial potential. Acta Parasitol 2016; 61:98-101. [PMID: 26751878 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2016-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is an indispensable tool for identifying biologically active functional groups in uncharacterized crude samples. Here, using FT-IR spectrum analysis, we identified crude extracts of Streptomyces that have anti-malarial activities and conducted a statistical analysis of their spectra. Among the three crude microbial extracts tested herein, an aromatic amine C-N stretching functional group was observed in the spectra of Streptomyces sp. BJSG1 and BJSG4 crude extracts. These extracts showed promising activity against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro cultures with IC50 values of 0.5 for BJSG1 and 0.4μg/mL for BJSG4. The present results showed that FT-IR analysis is necessary for the primary analysis of unknown samples in anti-malarial drug development.
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Fern-synthesized nanoparticles in the fight against malaria: LC/MS analysis of Pteridium aquilinum leaf extract and biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles with high mosquitocidal and antiplasmodial activity. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:997-1013. [PMID: 26612497 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains a major public health problem due to the emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum strains resistant to chloroquine. There is an urgent need to investigate new and effective sources of antimalarial drugs. This research proposed a novel method of fern-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using a cheap plant extract of Pteridium aquilinum, acting as a reducing and capping agent. AgNP were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Phytochemical analysis of P. aquilinum leaf extract revealed the presence of phenols, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, proteins, carbohydrates, saponins, glycosides, steroids, and triterpenoids. LC/MS analysis identified at least 19 compounds, namely pterosin, hydroquinone, hydroxy-acetophenone, hydroxy-cinnamic acid, 5, 7-dihydroxy-4-methyl coumarin, trans-cinnamic acid, apiole, quercetin 3-glucoside, hydroxy-L-proline, hypaphorine, khellol glucoside, umbelliferose, violaxanthin, ergotamine tartrate, palmatine chloride, deacylgymnemic acid, methyl laurate, and palmitoyl acetate. In DPPH scavenging assays, the IC50 value of the P. aquilinum leaf extract was 10.04 μg/ml, while IC50 of BHT and rutin were 7.93 and 6.35 μg/ml. In mosquitocidal assays, LC50 of P. aquilinum leaf extract against Anopheles stephensi larvae and pupae were 220.44 ppm (larva I), 254.12 ppm (II), 302.32 ppm (III), 395.12 ppm (IV), and 502.20 ppm (pupa). LC50 of P. aquilinum-synthesized AgNP were 7.48 ppm (I), 10.68 ppm (II), 13.77 ppm (III), 18.45 ppm (IV), and 31.51 ppm (pupa). In the field, the application of P. aquilinum extract and AgNP (10 × LC50) led to 100 % larval reduction after 72 h. Both the P. aquilinum extract and AgNP reduced longevity and fecundity of An. stephensi adults. Smoke toxicity experiments conducted against An. stephensi adults showed that P. aquilinum leaf-, stem-, and root-based coils evoked mortality rates comparable to the permethrin-based positive control (57, 50, 41, and 49 %, respectively). Furthermore, the antiplasmodial activity of P. aquilinum leaf extract and green-synthesized AgNP was evaluated against CQ-resistant (CQ-r) and CQ-sensitive (CQ-s) strains of P. falciparum. IC50 of P. aquilinum were 62.04 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 71.16 μg/ml (CQ-r); P. aquilinum-synthesized AgNP achieved IC50 of 78.12 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 88.34 μg/ml (CQ-r). Overall, our results highlighted that fern-synthesized AgNP could be candidated as a new tool against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum and different developmental instars of its primary vector An. stephensi. Further research on nanosynthesis routed by the LC/MS-identified constituents is ongoing.
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Seaweed-synthesized silver nanoparticles: an eco-friendly tool in the fight against Plasmodium falciparum and its vector Anopheles stephensi? Parasitol Res 2015; 114:4087-97. [PMID: 26227141 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria, the most widespread mosquito-borne disease, affects 350-500 million people each year. Eco-friendly control tools against malaria vectors are urgently needed. This research proposed a novel method of plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using a cheap seaweed extract of Ulva lactuca, acting as a reducing and capping agent. AgNP were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The U. lactuca extract and the green-synthesized AgNP were tested against larvae and pupae of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. In mosquitocidal assays, LC50 values of U. lactuca extract against A. stephensi larvae and pupae were 18.365 ppm (I instar), 23.948 ppm (II), 29.701 ppm (III), 37.517 ppm (IV), and 43.012 ppm (pupae). LC50 values of AgNP against A. stephensi were 2.111 ppm (I), 3.090 ppm (II), 4.629 ppm (III), 5.261 ppm (IV), and 6.860 ppm (pupae). Smoke toxicity experiments conducted against mosquito adults showed that U. lactuca coils evoked mortality rates comparable to the permethrin-based positive control (66, 51, and 41%, respectively). Furthermore, the antiplasmodial activity of U. lactuca extract and U. lactuca-synthesized AgNP was evaluated against CQ-resistant (CQ-r) and CQ-sensitive (CQ-s) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of U. lactuca were 57.26 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 66.36 μg/ml (CQ-r); U. lactuca-synthesized AgNP IC50 values were 76.33 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 79.13 μg/ml (CQ-r). Overall, our results highlighted out that U. lactuca-synthesized AgNP may be employed to develop newer and safer agents for malaria control.
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Murugan K, Aarthi N, Kovendan K, Panneerselvam C, Chandramohan B, Kumar PM, Amerasan D, Paulpandi M, Chandirasekar R, Dinesh D, Suresh U, Subramaniam J, Higuchi A, Alarfaj AA, Nicoletti M, Mehlhorn H, Benelli G. Mosquitocidal and antiplasmodial activity of Senna occidentalis (Cassiae) and Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae) from Maruthamalai hills against Anopheles stephensi and Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:3657-64. [PMID: 26122992 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Each year, mosquito-borne diseases infect nearly 700 million people, resulting to more than 1 million deaths. In this study, we evaluated the larvicidal, pupicidal, and smoke toxicity of Senna occidentalis and Ocimum basilicum leaf extracts against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. Furthermore, the antiplasmodial activity of plant extracts was evaluated against chloroquine (CQ)-resistant (CQ-r) and CQ-sensitive (CQ-s) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. In larvicidal and pupicidal experiments, S. occidentalis LC50 ranged from 31.05 (I instar larvae) to 75.15 ppm (pupae), and O. basilicum LC50 ranged from 29.69 (I instar larvae) to 69 ppm (pupae). Smoke toxicity experiments conducted against adults showed that S. occidentalis and O. basilicum coils evoked mortality rates comparable to the pyrethrin-based positive control (38, 52, and 42%, respectively). In antiplasmodial assays, Senna occidentalis 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) were 48.80 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 54.28 μg/ml (CQ-r), while O. basilicum IC50 were 68.14 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 67.27 μg/ml (CQ-r). Overall, these botanicals could be considered as potential sources of metabolites to build newer and safer malaria control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadarkarai Murugan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
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Singh N, Kaushik NK, Mohanakrishnan D, Tiwari SK, Sahal D. Antiplasmodial activity of medicinal plants from Chhotanagpur plateau, Jharkhand, India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 165:152-162. [PMID: 25721804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alarmingly increasing problem of drug resistance in treatment of malaria has led to an urgent need for identifying new anti-malarial drugs for both prophylaxis and chemotherapy. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study presents a systematic exploration of the ex vivo blood stage antiplasmodial potential of medicinal plants to corroborate their traditional usage against malaria in Jharkhand, India. METHODS An ethnobotanical survey in and around Ranchi was done to grasp the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used by local healers for malaria, other fevers and for other medicinal purposes like, antiamoebic, antihelmenthic, antidote to poisons, etc. Following the survey, the selected 22 plant samples were extracted in ethanol for studying ex vivo SYBR Green I fluorescence assay based anti-plasmodial activity against both chloroquine-sensitive Pf3D7 and chloroquine resistant PfINDO strains of Plasmodium falciparum grown in human red blood cell cultures. Cytotoxicity was determined against HeLa and L929 cells using MTT assay. Further the most potent extract was chromatographed on reverse phase HPLC towards antiplasmodial activity guided purification of metabolites. RESULTS Of the 22 plant species assayed, the highest antiplasmodial activity (Pf3D7IC50 ≤ 5 µg/ml) was seen in leaf ethanol extracts of Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand. and Annona squamosa L. and bark ethanol extract of Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don. Leaf ethanol extract of H. pubescens, bark ethanol extract of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre and whole plant ethanol extract of Partheniumhysterophorus L. showed promising activity (IC50 6-10 µg/ml). Good antiplasmodial activity (IC50: 11-20 µg/ml) was observed in leaf ethanol extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken and whole plant ethanol extract of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don. The extracts of plants showing highest to good antiplasmodial activity exhibited HeLa/Pf3D7 selectivity indices of the order of 20-45. Bioassay guided fractionation of P. hysterophorus led to fivefold enrichment of antiplasmodial activities (IC50 ~450 ng/ml) in some fractions. CONCLUSION These results provide confirmation to the traditional usage of some medicinal plants against malaria in areas around Ranchi, Jharkhand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Singh
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Kaushik
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Dinesh Mohanakrishnan
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Genetics, Mahrishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Zaman A, Khan MSS, Akter L, Syeed SH, Akter J, Al Mamun A, Alam ME, Habib MA, Jalil MA. Exploring new pharmacology and toxicological screening and safety evaluation of one widely used formulation of Nidrakar Bati from South Asia region. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:121. [PMID: 25880852 PMCID: PMC4415343 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nidrakar Bati (NKB) is an herbal remedy consisted with seven medicinal herbs widely used to cure Somnifacient (sleeping aid) in South Asia as Ayurvedic medicinal system. In the present study, pharmacological and toxicological effects of this medicine was investigated in mice to validate the safety and efficacy of the herb. METHODS Organic solvent extracts NKB were prepared using maceration method. Effect of extracts on the central nervous system was evaluated using hypnotic activity assay. Effect of the extracts on metabolic activity, assessing involvement of thyroid was conducted using hypoxia test. analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were assessed in mice using acetic acid induced writhing, formalin induced paw edema, xylene induced ear edema assays. Anxiolytic activity was performed using plus maze, climbing out and forced swimming tests. Effect of the extracts on psychopharmacological effect was carried out using locomotor activity tests (open field, Hole-board and Hole-cross tests). Neuropharmacological effect of the extracts was performed using motor coordination (rotarod test). Toxicological potential of the extract was evaluated using gastro-intestinal activity (gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility tests). RESULTS The studied formulation reduced the CNS stimulant effects dose independently. In the hypoxia test, only a dose of 100 mg/kg of NKB decreased the survival time. Orally administration of the NKB (200 and 400 mg/kg) produced significant inhibition (P < 0.01) of the acetic acid-induced writhing in mice and suppressed xylene induced ear edema and formalin-induced licking response of animals in both phases of the test. NKB showed locomotor activity (p < 0.05) both in higher and lower doses (100 and 400 mg/kg). NKB increased the total ambulation dose dependently (p < 0.05). NKB, at all tested doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) increased some locomotion activity parameters (ambulation, head dipping and emotional defecation) in hole board test. At higher doses (200 and 400 mg/kg), NKB showed a significant increase in hole cross test. NKB showed an increase in the time on the open arms of the maze at low to medium doses (100 and 200 mg/kg). When using the Rotarod method, NKB showed a considerable increase on motor coordination of the mice. NKB produced marked gastric emptying effect and decreased gastrointestinal motility in mice at low dose. CONCLUSIONS NKB demonstrated various pharmacological effects and toxicological effects due to presence of several herbs in the formulation those are not closely fit for the effect of CNS depressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afria Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Lucky Akter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh.
| | - Sharif Hossain Syeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Jakia Akter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangladesh University, Mohammodpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Ershad Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangladesh University, Mohammodpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Ahsan Habib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangladesh University, Mohammodpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Abdul Jalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangladesh University, Mohammodpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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