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Seck MT, Fall AG, Ciss M, Bakhoum MT, Sall B, Gaye AM, Gimonneau G, Bassène MD, Lancelot R, Vreysen MJ, Bouyer J. Animal trypanosomosis eliminated in a major livestock production region in Senegal following the eradication of a tsetse population. Parasite 2024; 31:11. [PMID: 38450717 PMCID: PMC10918644 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) was one of the main disease-related constraints to the development of intensive livestock production systems in the Niayes region of Senegal, a 30 km wide strip of land along the coast between Dakar and Saint-Louis. To overcome this constraint, the Government of Senegal initiated an area-wide integrated pest management programme combining chemical control tactics with the sterile insect technique to eradicate a population of the tsetse fly Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank, 1949 (Diptera, Glossinidae) in this area. The project was implemented following a phased conditional approach, and the target area was divided into three blocks treated sequentially. This study aims to assess the temporal dynamics of the prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. during the implementation of this programme. Between 2009 and 2022, 4,359 blood samples were collected from cattle and screened for trypanosomes using both the buffy coat and ELISA techniques, and PCR tests since 2020. The seroprevalence decreased from 18.9% (95%CI: 11.2-26.5) in 2009 to 0% in 2017-2022 in block 1, and from 92.9% (95%CI: 88.2-97) in 2010 to 0% in 2021 in block 2. The parasitological and serological data confirm the entomological monitoring results, i.e., that there is a high probability that the population of G. p. gambiensis has been eradicated from the Niayes and that the transmission of AAT has been interrupted in the treated area. These results indicate the effectiveness of the adopted approach and show that AAT can be sustainably removed through the creation of a zone free of G. p. gambiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momar Talla Seck
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires route du Front de Terre 11500 Dakar – Hann Sénégal
| | - Assane Guèye Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires route du Front de Terre 11500 Dakar – Hann Sénégal
| | - Mamadou Ciss
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires route du Front de Terre 11500 Dakar – Hann Sénégal
| | - Mame Thierno Bakhoum
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires route du Front de Terre 11500 Dakar – Hann Sénégal
| | - Baba Sall
- Ministère de l’Elevage et des Productions Animales, Direction des Services Vétérinaires Sphère Ministérielle Ousmane Tanor Dieng 20000 Dakar – Diamniadio Sénégal
| | - Adji Marème Gaye
- Ministère de l’Elevage et des Productions Animales, Direction des Services Vétérinaires Sphère Ministérielle Ousmane Tanor Dieng 20000 Dakar – Diamniadio Sénégal
| | - Geoffrey Gimonneau
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires route du Front de Terre 11500 Dakar – Hann Sénégal
- CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP 37, avenue Jean XXIII BP 6189 12900 Dakar-Etoile Sénégal
- INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD Campus International de Baillarguet 34398 Montpellier France
| | - Mireille Djimangali Bassène
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires route du Front de Terre 11500 Dakar – Hann Sénégal
| | - Renaud Lancelot
- ASTRE, CIRAD 34398 Montpellier France
- ASTRE, Cirad, INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, Plateforme Technologique CYROI 97491 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion France
| | - Marc J.B. Vreysen
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Wagramerstrasse 5 1400 Vienna Austria
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP 37, avenue Jean XXIII BP 6189 12900 Dakar-Etoile Sénégal
- INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD Campus International de Baillarguet 34398 Montpellier France
- ASTRE, CIRAD 34398 Montpellier France
- ASTRE, Cirad, INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, Plateforme Technologique CYROI 97491 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion France
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Wagramerstrasse 5 1400 Vienna Austria
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Schwarz L, Hamar F, Bernreiter-Hofer T, Loncaric I, Arnold M, Voglmayr T, Ladinig A. Bleeding skin lesions in gestating sows of a piglet producing farm in Austria. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:52. [PMID: 37964382 PMCID: PMC10647148 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stomoxys calcitrans, the stable fly, occurs in pig producing countries worldwide. While in cattle the impact of this blood sucking insect is quite well described, its role in pig production is poorly investigated. Here we describe a case of a massive stable fly overpopulation in the gestation unit of a piglet producing farm in Austria that resulted in bleeding skin lesions in bitten sows. CASE PRESENTATION In October 2021, the responsible herd veterinarian of the case farm reported of sows in the gestation area presenting with bloody crusts on the whole skin surface of the body and of bleeding skin lesions. 33/55 sows were affected by moderate to severe skin lesions. Reproductive performance decreased during the time of massive stable fly overpopulation. Sows in the gestation unit showed defensive behaviour and at a certain time point resigned and accepted being bitten by stable flies. After controlling the fly population, reproductive performance improved and even exceeded the performance before the massive overgrowth of the stable fly population. CONCLUSIONS Stable flies are a serious harm to pigs and should be kept in mind for improved animal health and welfare. Knowledge about the determination of Stomoxys calcitrans and early recognition of an increasing stable fly population in pig farming systems followed by proper insect control measures have to be performed to reduce losses caused by this harming insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schwarz
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Flora Hamar
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Bernreiter-Hofer
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Tierarztpraxis an der Nordbahn, Strasshof, Austria
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjam Arnold
- Clinic for Swine, Department for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Animal Health I, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Ladinig
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Lawson BE, McDermott EG. Topical, contact, and oral susceptibility of adult Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to fluralaner. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:281. [PMID: 37580834 PMCID: PMC10426106 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are economically important blood-feeding pests closely associated with livestock production. They are the principal vectors of two hemorrhagic disease viruses affecting both wild and domestic ruminants within the US: bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV). BTV impacts the US agriculture sector through direct commodity loss and strict international livestock trade restrictions. Yet, despite posing a considerable threat to US livestock, Culicoides are understudied, and management strategies are lacking. Current control tools for Culicoides are limited to synthetic chemicals, predominantly pyrethroids. With limited products available for livestock producers, proper pesticide rotation is difficult. The present study investigates the efficacy of fluralaner, an isoxazoline insecticide, beyond its current labeled use as an ectoparasiticide in anticipation of adding a new class of pesticides into rotation for use against biting midges. METHODS The efficacy of fluralaner was evaluated by conducting contact, topical, and oral toxicity bioassays on adult female Culicoides sonorensis. Contact toxicity was assessed by using a modified WHO cone assay, which simulates exposure through landing on an insecticide-treated surface. A modified WHO topical toxicity assay, in which fluralaner dilutions were administered to the lateral thorax, was used to assess topical toxicity. For evaluation of oral toxicity, females were offered a blood meal spiked with fluralaner in an artificial membrane feeding system to simulate a systemic insecticide. RESULTS Contact exposure of fluralaner did not cause extensive or consistent mortality. Even the highest concentration tested (100 mg/ml) resulted in an average of only 24.3% mortality at 24 h, and mortality did not significantly differ between exposed and control midges at any concentration. One hundred percent mortality was consistently achieved at concentrations of 1 mg/ml when fluralaner was applied topically. The LC50 for topical exposure to fluralaner at 24 h was estimated to be 0.011 mg/ml. Oral exposure to fluralaner through ingestion of a spiked blood meal proved to be the most effective exposure method, significantly increasing mortality in a dose-dependent manner at 1 h post-exposure. The LC50 at 24 h following ingestion was 14.42 ng/ml. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that fluralaner is a viable candidate for use as an insecticide against adult biting midges if exposed orally, such as in a systemic given to livestock. As withdrawal period requirements for meat animals present unique yet definitive challenges, pharmacokinetic studies of isoxazoline drugs need to be pursued and finalized for livestock before fluralaner may be used as a management strategy in this manner. Alternatively, livestock not raised for consumption, such as hair sheep, would directly benefit from administering oral fluralaner as a component of a BTV disease management program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blythe E Lawson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - Emily G McDermott
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
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Bio-efficacy of permethrin/tetramethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin treatments in habitats of hard ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) populations with confirmed Borrelia spp. infection. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:1127-1138. [PMID: 36884104 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the bio-efficacy of two different acaricides against mobile stages of hard ticks Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor marginatus, and Haemaphysalis punctata in their natural habitats. The study was conducted during 2020 and 2021 at localities populated by I. ricinus as the predominant species, at which the presence of Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii, and Borrelia lusitaniae was confirmed. During the first investigation year, a combination of two pyrethroids, permethrin, and tetramethrin, with an insecticide synergist piperonyl butoxide (trade name: Perme Plus®) was tested. At the first evaluation, 24 h after the treatment with Perme Plus®, the efficacy expressed as a reduction rate of the population density was within the interval of satisfying performance (70-90%) at all localities, while the highest efficacy (97.8%) was recorded on the 14th post-treatment day. In the second investigation year, the formulation based on lambda-cyhalothrin (trade name: Icon® 10CS) was used. On the first post-treatment evaluation day, satisfying effects were also demonstrated. The highest recorded efficacy rate of lambda-cyhalothrin (94.7%) was recorded on the 14th post-treatment day. Both tested acaricides manifested satisfying initial acaricidal effects against mobile stages of ticks and provided long-term effects. Comparison of the regression trend lines of population reduction revealed that satisfying effects of treatment with Perme Plus® lasted until the 17th post-treatment day, while in the case of Icon® 10CS, the residual effects were significantly prolonged (30 days).
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Möckel L, Meusemann K, Misof B, Schwartze VU, De Fine Licht HH, Voigt K, Stielow B, de Hoog S, Beutel RG, Buellesbach J. Phylogenetic Revision and Patterns of Host Specificity in the Fungal Subphylum Entomophthoromycotina. Microorganisms 2022; 10:256. [PMID: 35208711 PMCID: PMC8879804 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Entomophthoromycotina, a subphylum close to the root of terrestrial fungi with a bias toward insects as their primary hosts, has been notoriously difficult to categorize taxonomically for decades. Here, we reassess the phylogeny of this group based on conserved genes encoding ribosomal RNA and RNA polymerase II subunits, confirming their general monophyly, but challenging previously assumed taxonomic relationships within and between particular clades. Furthermore, for the prominent, partially human-pathogenic taxon Conidiobolus, a new type species C. coronatus is proposed in order to compensate for the unclear, presumably lost previous type species C. utriculosus Brefeld 1884. We also performed an exhaustive survey of the broad host spectrum of the Entomophthoromycotina, which is not restricted to insects alone, and investigated potential patterns of co-evolution across their megadiverse host range. Our results suggest multiple independent origins of parasitism within this subphylum and no apparent co-evolutionary events with any particular host lineage. However, Pterygota (i.e., winged insects) clearly constitute the most dominantly parasitized superordinate host group. This appears to be in accordance with an increased dispersal capacity mediated by the radiation of the Pterygota during insect evolution, which has likely greatly facilitated the spread, infection opportunities, and evolutionary divergence of the Entomophthoromycotina as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Möckel
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (L.M.); (V.U.S.); (K.V.)
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Karen Meusemann
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, 53113 Bonn, Germany; (K.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Bernhard Misof
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, 53113 Bonn, Germany; (K.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Volker U. Schwartze
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (L.M.); (V.U.S.); (K.V.)
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Henrik H. De Fine Licht
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (L.M.); (V.U.S.); (K.V.)
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stielow
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.S.); (S.d.H.)
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute—KNAW, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.S.); (S.d.H.)
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute—KNAW, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf G. Beutel
- Institute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Jan Buellesbach
- Institute for Evolution & Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Isolation and Identification of Wild Yeast from Malaysian Grapevine and Evaluation of Their Potential Antimicrobial Activity against Grapevine Fungal Pathogens. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122582. [PMID: 34946182 PMCID: PMC8706701 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi belonging to the genera Botrytis, Phaeomoniella, Fusarium, Alternaria and Aspergillus are responsible for vines diseases that affect the growth, grapevine yield and organoleptic quality. Among innovative strategies for in-field plant disease control, one of the most promising is represented by biocontrol agents, including wild epiphytic yeast strains of grapevine berries. Twenty wild yeast, isolated and molecularly identified from three different Malaysian regions (Perlis, Perak and Pahang), were evaluated in a preliminary screening test on agar to select isolates with inhibition against Botrytis cinerea. On the basis of the results, nine yeasts belonging to genera Hanseniaspora, Starmerella, Metschnikowia, Candida were selected and then tested against five grape berry pathogens: Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus ochraceus, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora.Starmerella bacillaris FE08.05 and Metschnikowia pulcherrima GP8 and Hanseniaspora uvarum GM19 showed the highest effect on inhibiting mycelial growth, which ranged between 15.1 and 4.3 mm for the inhibition ring. The quantitative analysis of the volatile organic compound profiles highlighted the presence of isoamyl and phenylethyl alcohols and an overall higher presence of low-chain fatty acids and volatile ethyl esters. The results of this study suggest that antagonist yeasts, potentially effective for the biological control of pathogenic moulds, can be found among the epiphytic microbiota associated with grape berries.
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Maier G, Doan B, O'Connor AM. The Role of Environmental Factors in the Epidemiology of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2021; 37:309-320. [PMID: 34049661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) include face flies, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and mechanical irritation from plant awns or dust. Limited research has shown face fly control to be associated with lower incidence of IBK. UV radiation is known to cause corneal irritation and damage in mammalian species. The increased formation of corneal dark cells has been observed following UV radiation in exposed calves. Moraxella bovis preferentially binds to corneal dark cells where it can be found in pits, which may be formed due to bacterial contact. Little is known about the efficacy of management of pasture plants on the prevention of IBK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Maier
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, VM3B, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Binh Doan
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Road, 1-400 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Annette M O'Connor
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, Room G-100, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Levchenko MA, Silivanova EA. Synergistic and antagonistic effects of insecticide binary mixtures against house flies (Musca domestica). REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.15421/021912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The house fly, Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Muscidae), is known as a globally distributed parasite with veterinary and medical importance and the ability to develop resistance to insecticides Insecticide mixtures can contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of existing insecticides against house flies and to implementing insecticide resistance management. The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of four insecticides with different modes of action, applied alone and in binary mixtures, against adults of the M. domestica laboratory strain by no-choice feeding bioassays. The interaction patterns of neonicotinoid acetamiprid, phenylpyrazole fipronil, avermectin ivermectin, and pyrrole chlorfenapyr in the binary mixtures were likewise analyzed by calculating the combination indices to find out combinations with the synergistic effect. The analysis of values of insecticide lethal concentrations for 50% mortality revealed that the toxicity of acetamiprid, fipronil, and ivermectin increased in the binary mixtures compared to when they applied alone, while the toxicity of chlorfenapyr depended on the second insecticide in the mixtures. The combination index values of five insecticide mixtures, fipronil/acetamiprid (1:10), fipronil/chlorfenapyr (1:4), ivermectin/acetamiprid (1:2.5), ivermectin/chlorfenapyr (1:3 and 1:10) were <1, which displays a synergism. Three insecticide mixtures, acetamiprid/chlorfenapyr (1:4), fipronil/ivermectin (1:4), fipronil/chlorfenapyr (1:40), had combination index values >1, which indicates an antagonism. The fipronil/chlorfenapyr (1:4) mixture was the more toxic to adults of M. domestica. The ivermectin/chlorfenapyr (1:10) mixture and the ivermectin/acetamiprid (1:2.5) mixture produced the highest synergistic effects. The results of the present study suggest that the interaction patterns (synergistic or antagonistic) in the insecticide mixtures can depend on both the combination of insecticides and their ratio. Further studies are required in order to evaluate the synergistic combinations against field populations of M. domestica.
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Levchenko MA, Silivanova EA. Efficacy of acetamiprid and fipronil fly baits against the housefly ( Musca domestica L.) under laboratory conditions. Vet World 2018; 11:953-958. [PMID: 30147265 PMCID: PMC6097569 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.953-958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The housefly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is permanent pests in livestock facilities. High fly density in livestock and poultry farms can increase the risks of economic loss and public health. Treatment with toxic baits is one of the methods for housefly control. However, development of resistance to insecticides makes it difficult to manage of flies. Anti-resistance strategies include the use of multiple pesticides with different modes of action. Aim: This study was conducted to estimate the efficacy of neonicotinoid acetamiprid and phenylpyrazole fipronil, applied alone or in the mixture, against adults of M. domestica and to evaluate the efficacy of fly bait formulations containing acetamiprid and fipronil under laboratory conditions. Materials and Methods: The adult flies, M. domestica of laboratory strain, were used in laboratory bioassays. The efficacy of acetamiprid and fipronil as technical substances, when applied alone and in the mixture, against adult flies was tested by no-choice feeding bioassays. The insecticidal efficacy of bait formulations (wet powder) with acetamiprid or fipronil or their mixture was tested against flies by choice feeding bioassays. The probit analysis was used to calculate lethal concentrations of insecticides, and the χ2 test was used to analyze the interaction between fipronil and acetamiprid in the mixture. Results: Fipronil was more toxic to adults of M. domestica than acetamiprid in laboratory tests. Lethal concentrations for 50% mortality (95% confidence interval) of flies were 0.0159% (0.0124-0.0205) of acetamiprid and 0.000119% (0.000039-0.0002640) of fipronil. The mixture containing fipronil at concentration 0.005% and acetamiprid at concentration 0.05% had the additive effect on fly mortality. Conclusion: The results of laboratory feeding bioassays indicate that the mixture of fipronil and acetamiprid might have a potential to use in toxic bait formulations against houseflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Alekseevich Levchenko
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology - Branch of Federal State Institution, Federal Research Center, Tyumen Scientific Center of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tyumen, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Anatol'evna Silivanova
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology - Branch of Federal State Institution, Federal Research Center, Tyumen Scientific Center of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tyumen, Russian Federation
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Nachman G, Skovgård H. 16. The Fly Simulator: a simulation model of stable flies and their control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-863-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gösta Nachman
- Department of Biology, Section of Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik Skovgård
- Department of Biology, Section of Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Biale H, Geden CJ, Chiel E. Effects of pyriproxyfen on wild populations of the housefly, Musca domestica, and compatibility with its principal parasitoids. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:2456-2464. [PMID: 28692174 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The housefly, Musca domestica L., is an important pest of animal agriculture. Effective fly management requires integration of manure management, mass trapping, biological control, and selective insecticide use. Insecticidal control of houseflies is difficult due to the rapidity of resistance development, yet the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen (PPF) is one of few insecticides that may still be effective. Here, we tested the susceptibility of wild housefly populations in the USA and in Israel to PPF, as well as the effect of PPF on housefly parasitoids of the genera Muscidifurax and Spalangia. RESULTS Most housefly populations from both countries were completely eliminated at PPF concentrations of 100 mg kg-1 (USA) and 600 mg kg-1 (Israel). One population from each country exhibited initial levels of PPF tolerance. PPF efficacy significantly decreased in cow manure. Emergence rates of parasitoids developing in PPF-treated hosts at concentrations of ≥600 mg kg-1 were significantly affected, whereas other fitness parameters were moderately to non-affected. CONCLUSIONS PPF is still an effective tool for housefly control, but resistance management practices should be employed to avoid resistance. PPF is compatible with principal housefly parasitoids at concentrations <600 mg kg-1 , and is suitable for use in integrated pest management. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Biale
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa-Oranim, Qiryat Tivon, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Christopher J Geden
- USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Elad Chiel
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa-Oranim, Qiryat Tivon, Israel
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Thornley JHM, France J. Blue tongue - A modelling examination of fundamentals - Seasonality and chaos. J Theor Biol 2016; 403:17-29. [PMID: 27155045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A deterministic mathematical model is developed for the dynamics of bluetongue disease within a single farm. The purpose is to examine widely the possible behaviours which may occur. This is important because of the increasing impact of blue tongue due to global warming. The model incorporates a recently suggested modification of logistic growth for the vectors which can greatly affect early disease dynamics and employs a variable number of up to 10 sequential pools for incubating vectors and for incubating and infectious hosts. Ten sequential pools represent the possible loss of immunity of recovered hosts over a 3-year period. After formally describing the model, the impact of the two logistic growth scenarios considered is examined in Section 3.1. The scenarios are applied with parameters that give identical long-term consequences but the early dynamics can be greatly affected. In the two scenarios, the effect of varying the assumed constant birth rate (scenario 1) or constant mortality rates (scenario 2) is considered. If the recovered (and immune) hosts, are assumed to lose their immunity, then, given particular values of the host-vector coupling constants, the system can exhibit autonomous oscillations (Section 3.2). Seasonality is represented by air temperature, and it is assumed that air temperatures below a threshold can increase vector mortality (Section 3.3). Adding seasonal effects on mortality to the autonomous oscillations resulting from recovered and resistant hosts losing immunity can give rise to chaos (Section 3.4). This could help explain the unusual persistence and re-occurrence of the disease. Finally (Section 3.5), the roles of host birth and mortality rates in examined, particularly in relation to placental transmission of the virus to offspring. It is concluded that the latter does not make an appreciable contribution to disease dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H M Thornley
- Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
| | - James France
- Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
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