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Huang Q, Hu W, Meng X, Chen J, Pan G. Nosema bombycis: A remarkable unicellular parasite infecting insects. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2024:e13045. [PMID: 39095558 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Microsporidia are opportunistic fungal-like pathogens that cause microsporidiosis, which results in significant economic losses and threatens public health. Infection of domesticated silkworms by the microsporidium Nosema bombycis causes pébrine disease, for which this species of microsporidia has received much attention. Research has been conducted extensively on this microsporidium over the past few decades to better understand its infection, transmission, host-parasite interaction, and detection. Several tools exist to study this species including the complete genome sequence of N. bombycis. In addition to the understanding of N. bombycis being important for the silkworm industry, this species has become a model organism for studying microsporidia. Research on biology of N. bombycis will contribute to the development of knowledge regarding microsporidia and potential antimicrosporidia drugs. Furthermore, this will provide insight into the molecular evolution and functioning of other fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wanying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Parrella P, Elikan AB, Kogan HV, Wague F, Marshalleck CA, Snow JW. Bleomycin reduces Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae infection in honey bees with some evident host toxicity. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0334923. [PMID: 38179918 PMCID: PMC10846157 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03349-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia cause disease in many beneficial insects, including honey bees, yet few pathogen control tools are available for protecting these important organisms against infection. Some evidence suggests that microsporidia possess a reduced number of genes encoding DNA repair proteins. We hypothesized that microsporidia would thus be susceptible to treatment with DNA-damaging agents and tested this hypothesis using a novel, rapid method for achieving robust and homogenous experimental infection of large numbers of newly emerged honey bees with one of its microsporidia pathogens, Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae. In carrying out these experiments, we found this novel V. ceranae inoculation method to have similar efficacy as other traditional methods. We show that the DNA-damaging agent bleomycin reduces V. ceranae levels, with minimal but measurable effects on honey bee survival and increased expression of midgut cellular stress genes, including those encoding SHSP. Increased expression of UpdlC suggests the occurrence of epithelial regeneration, which may contribute to host resistance to bleomycin treatment. While bleomycin does reduce infection levels, host toxicity issues may preclude its use in the field. However, with further work, bleomycin may provide a useful tool in the research setting as a potential selection agent for genetic modification of microsporidia.IMPORTANCEMicrosporidia cause disease in many beneficial insects, yet there are few tools available for control in the field or laboratory. Based on the reported paucity of DNA repair enzymes found in microsporidia genomes, we hypothesized that these obligate intracellular parasites would be sensitive to DNA damage. In support of this, we observed that the well-characterized DNA damage agent bleomycin can reduce levels of the microsporidia Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae in experimental infections in honey bees. Observation of slightly reduced honey bee survival and evidence of sublethal toxicity likely preclude the use of bleomycin in the field. However, this work identifies bleomycin as a compound that merits further exploration for use in research laboratories as a potential selection agent for generating genetically modified microsporidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker Parrella
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Helen V. Kogan
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fatoumata Wague
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, New York, New York, USA
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Sar1 Interacts with Sec23/Sec24 and Sec13/Sec31 Complexes: Insight into Its Involvement in the Assembly of Coat Protein Complex II in the Microsporidian Nosema bombycis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0071922. [PMID: 36301095 PMCID: PMC9769691 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00719-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia, as unicellular eukaryotes, also have an endomembrane system for transporting proteins, which is essentially similar to those of other eukaryotes. In eukaryotes, coat protein complex II (COPII) consists of Sar1, Sec23, Sec24, Sec13, and Sec31 and mediates protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus. Sar1 is the central player in the regulation of coat protein complex II vesicle formation in the endoplasmic reticulum. In this study, we successfully cloned the NbSar1, NbSec23-1, NbSec23-2, NbSec24-1, NbSec24-2, NbSec13, NbSec31-1, and NbSec31-2 genes and prepared NbSar1 polyclonal antibody. We found that NbSar1 was localized mainly in the perinuclear cytoplasm of Nosema bombycis by immunofluorescence analysis (IFA). Yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated that NbSar1 interacts with NbSec23-2, NbSec23-2 interacts with NbSec24-1 or NbSec24-2, NbSec23-1 interacts with NbSec31, and NbSec31 interacts with NbSec13. Moreover, the silencing of NbSar1 by RNA interference resulted in the aberrant expression of NbSar1, NbSec23-1, NbSec24-1, NbSec24-2, NbSec13, NbSec31-1, and NbSec31-2 and significantly inhibited the proliferation of N. bombycis. Altogether, these findings indicated that the subunits of coat protein complex II work together to perform functions in the proliferation of N. bombycis and that NbSar1 may play a crucial role in coat protein complex II vesicle formation. IMPORTANCE As eukaryotes, microsporidia have retained the endomembrane system for transporting and sorting proteins throughout their evolution. Whether the microsporidia form coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles to transport cargo proteins and whether they play other roles besides cargo transport are not fully explained at present. Our results showed that NbSar1, NbSec23-1/NbSec23-2, NbSec24-1/NbSec24-2, NbSec13, and NbSec31 might be assembled to form COPII in the ER of N. bombycis, and the functions of COPII are also closely related to the proliferation of N. bombycis, this may be a new target for the prevention of pébrine disease of the silkworm.
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Chen Y, Wei E, Chen Y, He P, Wang R, Wang Q, Tang X, Zhang Y, Zhu F, Shen Z. Identification and subcellular localization analysis of membrane protein Ycf 1 in the microsporidian Nosema bombycis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13530. [PMID: 35833014 PMCID: PMC9272817 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites that can infect a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates including humans and insects, such as silkworm and bees. The microsporidium Nosema bombycis can cause pebrine in Bombyx mori, which is the most destructive disease in the sericulture industry. Although membrane proteins are involved in a wide range of cellular functions and part of many important metabolic pathways, there are rare reports about the membrane proteins of microsporidia up to now. We screened a putative membrane protein Ycf 1 from the midgut transcriptome of the N. bombycis-infected silkworm. Gene cloning and bioinformatics analysis showed that the Ycf 1 gene contains a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 969 bp in length encoding a 322 amino acid polypeptide that has one signal peptide and one transmembrane domain. Indirect immunofluorescence results showed that Ycf 1 protein is distributed on the plasma membrane. Expression pattern analysis showed that the Ycf 1 gene expressed in all developmental stages of N. bombycis. Knockdown of the Ycf 1 gene by RNAi effectively inhibited the proliferation of N. bombycis. These results indicated that Ycf 1 is a membrane protein and plays an important role in the life cycle of N. bombycis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Erjun Wei
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping He
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runpeng Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Sericulture, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Sericulture, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yiling Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Sericulture, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shangdong, China
| | - Zhongyuan Shen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Sericulture, Zhenjiang, China
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Dong Z, Gao N, Deng B, Huang X, Hu C, Chen P, Wu Q, Lu C, Pan M. Stable transformation of fluorescent proteins into Nosema bombycis by electroporation. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:141. [PMID: 35449112 PMCID: PMC9022262 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05236-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microsporidia are a group of intracellular parasitic eukaryotes, serious pathogens that cause widespread infection in humans, vertebrates, and invertebrates. Because microsporidia have a thick spore wall structure, the in vitro transformation, cell culture, and genetic operation technology of microsporidia are far behind that of other parasites. Methods In this study, according to an analysis of the life-cycle of microsporidia, Nosema bombycis, and different electro-transformation conditions, the transduction efficiency of introducing foreign genes into N. bombycis was systematically determined. Results We analyzed the direct electro-transformation of foreign genes into germinating N. bombycis using reporters under the regulation of different characteristic promoters. Furthermore, we systematically determined the efficiency of electro-transformation into N. bombycis under different electro-transformation conditions and different developmental stages through an analysis of the whole life-cycle of N. bombycis. These results revealed that foreign genes could be effectively introduced through a perforation voltage of 100 V pulsed for 15 ms during the period of N. bombycis sporeplasm proliferation. Conclusions We present an effective method for electro-transformation of a plasmid encoding a fluorescent protein into N. bombycis, which provides new insight for establishing genetic modifications and potential applications in these intracellular parasites. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Na Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Boyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xuhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,The General Extension Station of Sericulture Technology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Congwu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Qin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Minhui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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Li T, Wei J, Pan G. Advances in the Genetic Manipulation of Nosema bombycis. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 114:137-152. [PMID: 35544002 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93306-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The microsporidium Nosema bombycis can infect and transmit both vertically and horizontally in multiple lepidopteran insects including silkworms and crop pests. While there have been several studies on the N. bombycis spore, there have been only limited studies on the N. bombycis sporoplasm. This chapter reviews what is known about this life cycle stage as well as published studies on purification of the N. bombycis sporoplasm and its survival in an in vitro cell culture system. Genetic transformation techniques have revolutionized the study of many pathogenic organisms. While progress has been made on the development of such systems for microsporidia, this critical problem has not been solved for these pathogens. This chapter provides a summary of the latest research progress on genetic manipulation of N. bombycis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Snow JW. Nosema apis and N. ceranae Infection in Honey bees: A Model for Host-Pathogen Interactions in Insects. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 114:153-177. [PMID: 35544003 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93306-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There has been increased focus on the role of microbial attack as a potential cause of recent declines in the health of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera. The Nosema species, N. apis and N. ceranae, are microsporidian parasites that are pathogenic to honey bees, and infection by these species has been implicated as a key factor in honey bee losses. Honey bees infected with both Nosema spp. display significant changes in their biology at the cellular, tissue, and organismal levels impacting host metabolism, immune function, physiology, and behavior. Infected individuals lead to colony dysfunction and can contribute to colony disease in some circumstances. The means through which parasite growth and tissue pathology in the midgut lead to the dramatic physiological and behavioral changes at the organismal level are only partially understood. In addition, we possess only a limited appreciation of the elements of the host environment that impact pathogen growth and development. Critical for answering these questions is a mechanistic understanding of the host and pathogen machinery responsible for host-pathogen interactions. A number of approaches are already being used to elucidate these mechanisms, and promising new tools may allow for gain- and loss-of-function experiments to accelerate future progress.
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CCTδ colocalizes with actin and β-tubulin: Insight into its involvement in the cytoskeleton formation of the intracellular parasite Nosema bombycis. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 184:107646. [PMID: 34256048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The chaperonin-containing t-complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) is a molecular chaperone protein that is widely present in eukaryotic cytoplasm and can assist in the folding of newly synthesized proteins. The CCT complex consists of eight completely different subunits, among which the δ subunit plays an extremely important role in the folding and assembly of cytoskeleton proteins as an individual or complex with other subunits. In this study, we identified the CCTδ in the microsporidian Nosema bombycis (NbCCTδ) for the first time. The NbCCTδ gene contains a complete ORF of 1497 bp in length that encodes a 498 amino acid polypeptide. NbCCTδ is expressed throughout the entire lifecycle of N. bombycis and rather higher in early stage of proliferation. Indirect immunofluorescence results showed that NbCCTδ was colocalized with actin and β-tubulin during the proliferative and sporogonic phases of N. bombycis. RNA interference down-regulated the expression of the NbCCTδ gene. These results imply that NbCCTδ may participate in cytoskeleton formation and proliferation of N. bombycis.
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Huang Q, Wu ZH, Li WF, Guo R, Xu JS, Dang XQ, Ma ZG, Chen YP, Evans JD. Genome and Evolutionary Analysis of Nosema ceranae: A Microsporidian Parasite of Honey Bees. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:645353. [PMID: 34149635 PMCID: PMC8206274 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.645353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia comprise a phylum of single cell, intracellular parasites and represent the earliest diverging branch in the fungal kingdom. The microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae primarily infects honey bee gut epithelial cells, leading to impaired memory, suppressed host immune responses and colony collapse under certain circumstances. As the genome of N. ceranae is challenging to assembly due to very high genetic diversity and repetitive region, the genome was re-sequenced using long reads. We present a robust 8.8 Mbp genome assembly of 2,280 protein coding genes, including a high number of genes involved in transporting nutrients and energy, as well as drug resistance when compared with sister species Nosema apis. We also describe the loss of the critical protein Dicer in approximately half of the microsporidian species, giving new insights into the availability of RNA interference pathway in this group. Our results provided new insights into the pathogenesis of N. ceranae and a blueprint for treatment strategies that target this parasite without harming honey bees. The unique infectious apparatus polar filament and transportation pathway members can help to identify treatments to control this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi Hao Wu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Feng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Guo
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jin Shan Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Qun Dang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Gang Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Ping Chen
- US Department of Agriculture-Aricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Jay D Evans
- US Department of Agriculture-Aricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States
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Dong Z, Zheng N, Hu C, Huang X, Chen P, Wu Q, Deng B, Lu C, Pan M. Genetic bioengineering of overexpressed guanylate binding protein family BmAtlastin-n enhances silkworm resistance to Nosema bombycis. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 172:223-230. [PMID: 33453252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Microsporidia are obligate single-celled eukaryote parasites. Microsporidian infection can cause large economic losses to beneficial insects such as silkworms and honey bees. Identification of resistance biomacromolecules and breeding of transgenic lines resistant to the microsporidian Nosema bombycis are important for disease management. We previously used transcriptome analysis to identify a guanylate binding protein family BmAtlastin-n gene that was significantly upregulated after Nosema bombycis infection, and we determined that the molecule was highly expressed in resistance-related tissues such as the midgut, fat body and the epidermis. The transgenic silkworm line overexpressing BmAtlastin-n biomolecules had economic characters similar to those of non-transgenic lines. The transgenic OE-BmAtlastin-n lines had significantly improved survival after microspore infection. We used RT-PCR and H&E staining to show that the number of spores in the transgenic lines was significantly lower than in the control lines. In this study, we identified a BmAtlastin-n macromolecule with resistance to N. bombycis and developed a transgenic line. The results improved understanding of the GBP protein family and provided biomacromolecule material for the treatment and prevention of microsporidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Congwu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xuhua Huang
- The General Extension Station of Sericulture Technology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Qin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Boyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Minhui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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He Q, Luo J, Xu JZ, Meng XZ, Pan GQ, Li T, Zhou ZY. In-vitro cultivation of Nosema bombycis sporoplasms: A method for potential genetic engineering of microsporidia. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 174:107420. [PMID: 32522660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites and cannot be cultured in vitro, which limits the use of current genetic engineering technologies on this pathogen. We isolated sporoplasms of Nosema bombycis to attempt to culture the pathogen in vitro. Cell-free medium was designed and successfully maintained the sporoplasms for 5 days. The sporoplasms were able to absorb ATP from the medium and DNA replicated during cultivation, although there was not a significant change in morphology and number of sporoplasms. Our study provides a strategy for in vitro cultivation and genetic manipulation of microsporidia. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xian-Zhi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guo-Qing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ze-Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China.
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Zheng S, Huang Y, Chen J, Wei J, Pan G, Li C, Zhou Z. A specific molecular label for identifying mature Nosema bombycis spores. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 170:107322. [PMID: 31901433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microsporidia are a fascinating phylum of obligate intracellular pathogens with unique infection processes and complicated life cycles. Microsporidian life cycles can be divided roughly into intracellular and extracellular stages. Currently, research on their life cycles were mainly explored by morphology because there are few molecular markers available with which to distinguish the different life stages. In this study, we generated H20, a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to label mature spores of Nosema bombycis. Immunofluorescence assays showed that the target protein of H20, which is highly stable and was barely affected by alkali and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) treatments, was located on the mature spore surface. Western blot analysis showed that spore wall protein 26 (SWP26) was the likely target of H20. This MAb can specifically identify mature spores in a complex biological sample based on immunological detection of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yukang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Huang Y, Zheng S, Mei X, Yu B, Sun B, Li B, Wei J, Chen J, Li T, Pan G, Zhou Z, Li C. A secretory hexokinase plays an active role in the proliferation of Nosema bombycis. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5658. [PMID: 30258733 PMCID: PMC6152459 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The microsporidian Nosema bombycis is an obligate intracellular parasite of Bombyx mori, that lost its intact tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondria during evolution but retained its intact glycolysis pathway. N. bombycis hexokinase (NbHK) is not only a rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis but also a secretory protein. Indirect immunofluorescence assays and recombinant HK overexpressed in BmN cells showed that NbHK localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of host cell during the meront stage. When N. bombycis matured, NbHK tended to concentrate at the nuclei of host cells. Furthermore, the transcriptional profile of NbHK implied it functioned during N. bombycis’ proliferation stages. A knock-down of NbHK effectively suppressed the proliferation of N. bombycis indicating that NbHK is an important protein for parasite to control its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Huang
- State Key Laboratory Of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xionge Mei
- State Key Laboratory Of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory Of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Sun
- State Key Laboratory Of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Boning Li
- State Key Laboratory Of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory Of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Southwest University, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory Of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Southwest University, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory Of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Southwest University, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory Of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Southwest University, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Southwest University, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory Of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Southwest University, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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14
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Huang Y, Chen J, Sun B, Zheng R, Li B, Li Z, Tan Y, Wei J, Pan G, Li C, Zhou Z. Engineered resistance to Nosema bombycis by in vitro expression of a single-chain antibody in Sf9-III cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193065. [PMID: 29447266 PMCID: PMC5814085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosema bombycis is a destructive, obligate intracellular parasite of the Bombyx mori. In this study, a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) dependent technology is developed for the purpose of inhibiting parasite proliferation in insect cells. The scFv-G4, which we prepared from a mouse G4 monoclonal antibody, can target the N. bombycis spore wall protein 12 (NbSWP12). Indirect immunofluorescence assays showed that NbSWP12 located mainly on the outside of the N. bombycis cytoskeleton, although some of it co-localized with β-tubulin in the meront-stage of parasites. When meront division began, NbSWP12 became concentrated at both ends of each meront. Western blotting showed that scFv-G4 could express in Sf9-III cells and recognized native NbSWP12. The transgenic Sf9-III cell line showed better resistance than the controls when challenged with N. bombycis, indicating that NbSWP12 is a promising target in this parasite and this scFv dependent strategy could be a solution for construction of N. bombycis-resistant Bombyx mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Boning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yaoyao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Junhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (CL); (ZZ)
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (CL); (ZZ)
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