1
|
Tarkhnishvili D, Yanchukov A, Şahin MK, Gabelaia M, Murtskhvaladze M, Candan K, Galoyan E, Arakelyan M, Iankoshvili G, Kumlutaş Y, Ilgaz Ç, Matur F, Çolak F, Erdolu M, Kurdadze S, Barateli N, Anderson CL. Genotypic similarities among the parthenogenetic Darevskia rock lizards with different hybrid origins. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:122. [PMID: 32938384 PMCID: PMC7493426 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of parthenogenetic vertebrates derive from hybridization between sexually reproducing species, but the exact number of hybridization events ancestral to currently extant clonal lineages is difficult to determine. Usually, we do not know whether the parental species are able to contribute their genes to the parthenogenetic vertebrate lineages after the initial hybridization. In this paper, we address the hypothesis, whether some genotypes of seven phenotypically distinct parthenogenetic rock lizards (genus Darevskia) could have resulted from back-crosses of parthenogens with their presumed parental species. We also tried to identify, as precise as possible, the ancestral populations of all seven parthenogens. RESULTS We analysed partial mtDNA sequences and microsatellite genotypes of all seven parthenogens and their presumed ansectral species, sampled across the entire geographic range of parthenogenesis in this group. Our results confirm the previous designation of the parental species, but further specify the maternal populations that are likely ancestral to different parthenogenetic lineages. Contrary to the expectation of independent hybrid origins of the unisexual taxa, we found that genotypes at multiple loci were shared frequently between different parthenogenetic species. The highest proportions of shared genotypes were detected between (i) D. sapphirina and D. bendimahiensis and (ii) D. dahli and D. armeniaca, and less often between other parthenogens. In case (ii), genotypes at the remaining loci were notably distinct. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that both observations (i-ii) can be explained by two parthenogenetic forms tracing their origin to a single initial hybridization event. In case (ii), however, occasional gene exchange between the unisexual and the parental bisexual species could have taken place after the onset of parthenogenetic reproduction. Indeed, backcrossed polyploid hybrids are relatively frequent in Darevskia, although no direct evidence of recent gene flow has been previously documented. Our results further suggest that parthenogens are losing heterozygosity as a result of allelic conversion, hence their fitness is expected to decline over time as genetic diversity declines. Backcrosses with the parental species could be a rescue mechanism which might prevent this decline, and therefore increase the persistance of unisexual forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mehmet Kürşat Şahin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mariam Gabelaia
- Institute of Ecology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Kamil Candan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Yusuf Kumlutaş
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Çetin Ilgaz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Matur
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Faruk Çolak
- Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Meriç Erdolu
- Middle East Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sofiko Kurdadze
- Institute of Ecology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Natia Barateli
- Institute of Ecology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Cort L Anderson
- Institute of Ecology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Multiple interspecific hybridization and microsatellite mutations provide clonal diversity in the parthenogenetic rock lizard Darevskia armeniaca. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:979. [PMID: 30594123 PMCID: PMC6311022 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia armeniaca, like most other parthenogenetic vertebrate species, originated through interspecific hybridization between the closely related sexual Darevskia mixta and Darevskia valentini. Darevskia armeniaca was shown to consist of one widespread allozyme clone and a few rare ones, but notwithstanding the origin of clonal diversity remains unclear. We conduct genomic analysis of D. armeniaca and its parental sexual species using microsatellite and SNP markers to identify the origin of parthenogenetic clonal lineages. Results Four microsatellite-containing loci were genotyped for 111 specimens of D. armeniaca, 17 D. valentini, and four D. mixta. For these species, a total of 47 alleles were isolated and sequenced. Analysis of the data revealed 13 genotypes or presumptive clones in parthenogenetic D. armeniaca, including one widespread clone, two apparently geographically restricted clones, and ten rare clones. Comparisons of genotype-specific markers in D. armeniaca with those of its parental species revealed three founder-events including a common and two rare clones. All other clones appeared to have originated via post-formation microsatellite mutations in the course of evolutionary history of D. armeniaca. Conclusion Our new approach to microsatellite genotyping reveals allele-specific microsatellite and SNP markers for each locus studied. Interspecies comparison of these markers identifies alleles inherited by parthenospecies from parental species, and provides new information on origin and evolution of clonal diversity in D. armeniaca. SNP analyses reveal at least three interspecific origins of D. armeniaca, and microsatellite mutations in these initial clones give rise to new clones. Thus, we first establish multiple origins of D. armeniaca. Our study identifies the most effective molecular markers for elucidating the origins of clonal diversity in other unisexual species that arose via interspecific hybridization. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5359-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sinclair EA, Pramuk JB, Bezy RL, Crandall KA, Sites Jr JW. DNA EVIDENCE FOR NONHYBRID ORIGINS OF PARTHENOGENESIS IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF VERTEBRATES. Evolution 2009; 64:1346-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Ryskov AP, Martirosyan IA, Vergun AA, Malysheva DN, Badaeva TN, Tokarskaya ON, Vassetzky NS, Korchagin VI. Molecular structure of allelic variants of microsatellite loci Du281 and Du47 in unisexual and bisexual lizard species of the genus Darevskia. BIOL BULL+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359009020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
5
|
Badaeva TN, Malysheva DN, Korchagin VI, Ryskov AP. Genetic variation and de novo mutations in the parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia unisexualis. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2730. [PMID: 18648496 PMCID: PMC2447159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 06/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unisexual all-female lizards of the genus Darevskia that are well adapted to various habitats are known to reproduce normally by true parthenogenesis. Although they consist of unisexual lineages and lack effective genetic recombination, they are characterized by some level of genetic polymorphism. To reveal the mutational contribution to overall genetic variability, the most straightforward and conclusive way is the direct detection of mutation events in pedigree genotyping. Earlier we selected from genomic library of D. unisexualis two polymorphic microsatellite containing loci Du281 and Du215. In this study, these two loci were analyzed to detect possible de novo mutations in 168 parthenogenetic offspring of 49 D. unisexualis mothers and in 147 offspring of 50 D. armeniaca mothers. No mutant alleles were detected in D. armeniaca offspring at both loci, and in D. unisexualis offspring at the Du215 locus. There were a total of seven mutational events in the germ lines of four of the 49 D. unisexualis mothers at the Du281 locus, yielding the mutation rate of 0.1428 events per germ line tissue. Sequencing of the mutant alleles has shown that most mutations occur via deletion or insertion of single microsatellite repeat being identical in all offspring of the family. This indicates that such mutations emerge at the early stages of embryogenesis. In this study we characterized single highly unstable (GATA)(n) containing locus in parthenogenetic lizard species D. unisexualis. Besides, we characterized various types of mutant alleles of this locus found in the D. unisexualis offspring of the first generation. Our data has shown that microsatellite mutations at highly unstable loci can make a significant contribution to population variability of parthenogenetic lizards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N Badaeva
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Korchagin VI, Badaeva TN, Tokarskaya ON, Martirosyan IA, Darevsky IS, Ryskov AP. Molecular characterization of allelic variants of (GATA)n microsatellite loci in parthenogenetic lizards Darevskia unisexualis (Lacertidae). Gene 2007; 392:126-33. [PMID: 17258407 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2006.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Revised: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Populations of parthenogenetic lizards of the genus Darevskia consist of genetically identical animals, and represent a unique model for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the variability and evolution of hypervariable DNA repeats. As unisexual lineages, parthenogenetic lizards are characterized by some level of genetic diversity at microsatellite loci. We cloned and sequenced a number of (GATA)n microsatellite loci of Darevskia unisexualis. PCR products from these loci were also sequenced and the degree of intraspecific polymorphism was assessed. Among the five (GATA)n loci analysed, two (Du215 and Du281) were polymorphic. Cross-species analysis of Du215 and Du281 indicate that the priming sites at the D. unisexualis loci are conserved in the bisexual parental species, D. raddei and D. valentini. Sequencing the PCR products amplified from Du215 and Du281 and from monomorphic Du323 showed that allelic differences at the polymorphic loci are caused by microsatellite mutations and by point mutations in the flanking regions. The haplotypes identified among the allelic variants of Du281 and among its orthologues in the parental species provide new evidence of the cross-species origin of D. unisexualis. To our knowledge, these data are the first to characterize the nucleotide sequences of allelic variants at microsatellite loci within parthenogenetic vertebrate animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V I Korchagin
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Malysheva DN, Tokarskaya ON, Petrosyan VG, Danielyan FD, Darevsky IS, Ryskov AP. Genomic variation in parthenogenetic lizard Darevskia armeniaca: evidence from DNA fingerprinting data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 98:173-8. [PMID: 17374876 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esm003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Microsatellites, or short tandem repeats, are abundant across genomes of most organisms. It is evident that the most straightforward and conclusive way of studying mutations in microsatellite-containing loci is to use clonally transmitted genomes or DNA sequences inherited in multigeneration pedigrees. At present, little is known about the origin of genetic variation in species that lack effective genetic recombination. DNA fingerprinting in 43 families of the parthenogenetic lizard species Darevskia armeniaca (131 siblings), using (GACA)(4), (GGCA)(4), (GATA)(4), and (CAC)(5) probes, revealed mutant fingerprints in siblings that differed from their mothers in several restriction DNA fragments. In some cases, the mutant fingerprints detected in siblings were also found in population samples. The mutation rate for new restriction fragment length estimated by using multilocus probes varied from 0.8 x 10(-2) to 4.9 x 10(-2) per band/per sibling. Probably, the most variations detected as restriction fragment length polymorphism have germ-line origin, but somatic changes of (CAC)(n) fingerprints in adult lizards were also observed. These results provide new evidence of existing unstable regions in genomes of parthenogenetic vertebrate animals, which provide genetic variation in unisexual populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D N Malysheva
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martirosyan IA, Korchagin VI, Tokarskaya ON, Darevsky IS, Ryskov AP. Finding of Bov-B LINE retroelement in parthenogenetic and bisexual lizard species of the genus Darevskia (Lacertidae). RUSS J GENET+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795406070143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
9
|
Badaeva TN, Korchagin VI, Tokarskaya ON, Ryskov AP. Identification and molecular characteristics of mutant alleles at the Du281 locus in parthenogenetic progeny of Darevskia unisexualis. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2006; 409:197-9. [PMID: 16986429 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672906040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T N Badaeva
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 34/5, Moscow 117334, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Somers CM. Expanded simple tandem repeat (ESTR) mutation induction in the male germline: lessons learned from lab mice. Mutat Res 2006; 598:35-49. [PMID: 16500683 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Expanded simple tandem repeat (ESTR) DNA loci that are unstable in the germline have provided the most sensitive tool ever developed for investigating low-dose heritable mutation induction in laboratory mice. Ionizing radiation exposures have shown that ESTR mutations occur mainly in pre-meiotic spermatogonia and stem cells. The average spermatogonial doubling dose is 0.62-0.69 Gy for low LET, and 0.18-0.34 Gy for high LET radiation. Chemical alkylating agents also cause significant ESTR mutation induction in pre-meiotic spermatogonia and stem cells, but are much less effective per unit dose than radiation. ESTR mutation induction efficiency is maximal at low doses of radiation or chemical mutagens, and may decrease at higher dose ranges. DNA repair deficient mice (SCID and PARP-1) with elevated levels of single and double-strand DNA breaks have spontaneously elevated ESTR mutation frequencies, and surprisingly do not show additional ESTR mutation induction following irradiation. In contrast, ESTR mutation induction in p53 knock-outs is indistinguishable from that of wild-type mice. Studies of sentinel mice exposed in situ to ambient air pollution showed elevated ESTR mutation frequencies in males exposed to high levels of particulate matter. These studies highlight the application of the ESTR assay for assessing environmental hazards under real-world conditions. All ESTR studies to date have shown untargeted mutations that occur at much higher frequencies than predicted. The mechanism of this untargeted mutation induction is unknown, and must be elucidated before we can fully understand the biological significance of ESTR mutations, or use these markers for formal risk assessment. Future studies should focus on the mechanism of ESTR mutation induction, refining dose responses, and developing ESTR markers for other animal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Somers
- Department of Biology, The University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, Canada S4S 0A2.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Crews D. Evolution of neuroendocrine mechanisms that regulate sexual behavior. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2005; 16:354-61. [PMID: 16139506 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2005.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2005] [Revised: 06/27/2005] [Accepted: 08/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Whiptail lizards provide a unique system to study evolution of brain mechanisms because both ancestral (sexual) and descendant (parthenogenetic) species exist. Parthenogenetic whiptails enable us to avoid the two major confounds in sex differences research - males and females that differ both genetically and hormonally. Parthenogens are females that reproduce clonally, yet display alternately female-like and male-like pseudosexual behavior. Thus, the neural circuitry underlying male and female sexual behavior can be examined within the 'same' brain (same genome), enabling us to see how neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling mounting behavior change. In ancestral males, testicular androgens control sexual behavior, whereas male-like pseudocopulatory behavior is controlled by ovarian progesterone in parthenogens, revealing that progesterone is important in regulating sexual behavior in male vertebrates, including mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Crews
- Ashbel Smith Professor of Zoology and Psychology, Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lebedeva EB, Vasil'ev VP, Ryskov AP. The gynogenetic form of fish from the genus Cobitis (Cobitidae) in a region of its geographic range is monoclonal: DNA fingerprinting data. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2005; 401:107-9. [PMID: 16003870 DOI: 10.1007/s10630-005-0057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E B Lebedeva
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 33, Moscow, 117071, Russia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Malysheva DN, Tokarskaya ON, Danielyan FD, Darevsky IS, Ryskov AP. Identification of microsatellite mutations in parthenogenetic lizards Darevskia armeniaca. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2005; 400:28-31. [PMID: 15846978 DOI: 10.1007/s10628-005-0025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D N Malysheva
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117334 Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|