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Lee CJ, Park SU, Kim SE, Lim YH, Ji CY, Kim YH, Kim HS, Kwak SS. Overexpression of IbLfp in sweetpotato enhances the low-temperature storage ability of tuberous roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:577-585. [PMID: 34461554 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) is a prospective food crop that ensures food and nutrition security under the dynamic changes in global climate. Peroxidase (POD) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in diverse plant physiological processes, including stress tolerance and cell wall lignification. Although various POD genes were cloned and functionally characterized in sweetpotato, the role of POD in lignification and low-temperature storage ability of sweetpotato tuberous roots is yet to be investigated. In this study, we isolated the cold-induced lignin forming peroxidase (IbLfp) gene of sweetpotato, and analyzed its physiological functions. IbLfp showed more predominant expression in fibrous roots than in other tissues. Moreover, IbLfp expression was up-regulated in leaves and roots under cold stress, and was altered by other abiotic stresses. Tuberous roots of transgenic sweetpotato lines overexpressing IbLfp (LP lines) showed improved tolerance to low temperature, with lower malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents than non-transgenic sweetpotato plants under cold stress. The enhanced cold tolerance of LP lines could be attributed to the increased basal activity of POD, which is involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. Moreover, greater accumulation of lignin could also contribute to the enhanced cold tolerance of LP lines, as lignin acts as a protective barrier against invading pathogens, which is a secondary symptom of chilling injury in sweetpotato. Overall, the results of this study enhance our understanding of the function of POD in low-temperature storage of sweetpotato tuberous roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Ju Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sul-U Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Eun Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Hoon Lim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yoon Ji
- R&D Center, Genolution Inc., 11, Beobwon-ro 11-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology Education, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Soo Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Sung YW, Lee IH, Shim D, Lee KL, Nam KJ, Yang JW, Lee JJ, Kwak SS, Kim YH. Transcriptomic changes in sweetpotato peroxidases in response to infection with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4555-4564. [PMID: 31222458 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A previous transcriptomic analysis of the roots of susceptible and resistant cultivars of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) identified genes that were likely to contribute to protection against infection with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. The current study examined the roles of peroxidase genes in sweetpotato defense responses during root-knot nematode infection, using the susceptible (cv. Yulmi) and resistant (cv. Juhwangmi) cultivars. Differentially expressed genes were assigned to gene ontology categories to predict their functional roles and associated biological processes. Comparison with Arabidopsis peroxidases identified a group of genes orthologous to Arabidopsis PEROXIDASE 52 (AtPrx52). An analysis of sweetpotato peroxidase genes determined their roles in protecting plants against root-knot nematode infection and enabled identification of important peroxidases. The interactions involved in sweetpotato resistance to nematode infection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Woo Sung
- Department of Biology Education, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Hwan Lee
- Department of Forest Bio-resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Forest Bio-resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Lok Lee
- Department of Biology Education, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jung Nam
- Department of Biology Education, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Wook Yang
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung Joo Lee
- Department of Plant Medicine, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology Education, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Liu Q. Improvement for agronomically important traits by gene engineering in sweetpotato. BREEDING SCIENCE 2017; 67:15-26. [PMID: 28465664 PMCID: PMC5407918 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.16126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotato is the seventh most important food crop in the world. It is mainly used for human food, animal feed, and for manufacturing starch and alcohol. This crop, a highly heterozygous, generally self-incompatible, outcrossing polyploidy, poses numerous challenges for the conventional breeding. Its productivity and quality are often limited by abiotic and biotic stresses. Gene engineering has been shown to have the great potential for improving the resistance to these stresses as well as the nutritional quality of sweetpotato. To date, an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system has been developed for a wide range of sweetpotato genotypes. Several genes associated with salinity and drought tolerance, diseases and pests resistance, and starch, carotenoids and anthocyanins biosynthesis have been isolated and characterized from sweetpotato. Gene engineering has been used to improve abiotic and biotic stresses resistance and quality of this crop. This review summarizes major research advances made so far in improving agronomically important traits by gene engineering in sweetpotato and suggests future prospects for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University,
Beijing 100193,
China
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4
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Minibayeva F, Beckett RP, Kranner I. Roles of apoplastic peroxidases in plant response to wounding. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 112:122-9. [PMID: 25027646 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Apoplastic class III peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7) play key roles in the response of plants to pathogen infection and abiotic stresses, including wounding. Wounding is a common stress for plants that can be caused by insect or animal grazing or trampling, or result from agricultural practices. Typically, mechanical damage to a plant immediately induces a rapid release and activation of apoplastic peroxidases, and an oxidative burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), followed by the upregulation of peroxidase genes. We discuss how plants control the expression of peroxidases genes upon wounding, and also the sparse information on peroxidase-mediated signal transduction pathways. Evidence reviewed here suggests that in many plants production of the ROS that comprise the initial oxidative burst results from a complex interplay of peroxidases with other apoplastic enzymes. Later responses following wounding include various forms of tissue healing, for example through peroxidase-dependent suberinization, or cell death. Limited data suggest that ROS-mediated death signalling during the wound response may involve the peroxidase network, together with other redox molecules. In conclusion, the ability of peroxidases to both generate and scavenge ROS plays a key role in the involvement of these enigmatic enzymes in plant stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Minibayeva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russian Federation.
| | - Richard Peter Beckett
- School of Life Sciences, PBag X01, Scottsville 3209, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
| | - Ilse Kranner
- Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Park SC, Kim YH, Kim SH, Jeong YJ, Kim CY, Lee JS, Bae JY, Ahn MJ, Jeong JC, Lee HS, Kwak SS. Overexpression of the IbMYB1 gene in an orange-fleshed sweet potato cultivar produces a dual-pigmented transgenic sweet potato with improved antioxidant activity. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:525-37. [PMID: 25220246 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The R2R3-type protein IbMYB1 is a key regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the storage roots of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam]. Previously, we demonstrated that IbMYB1 expression stimulated anthocyanin pigmentation in tobacco leaves and Arabidopsis. Here, we generated dual-pigmented transgenic sweet potato plants that accumulated high levels of both anthocyanins and carotenoids in a single sweet potato storage root. An orange-fleshed cultivar with high carotenoid levels was transformed with the IbMYB1 gene under the control of either the storage root-specific sporamin 1 (SPO1) promoter or the oxidative stress-inducible peroxidase anionic 2 (SWPA2) promoter. The SPO1-MYB transgenic lines exhibited higher anthocyanin levels in storage roots than empty vector control (EV) or SWPA2-MYB plants, but carotenoid content was unchanged. SWPA2-MYB transgenic lines exhibited higher levels of both anthocyanin and carotenoids than EV plants. Analysis of hydrolyzed anthocyanin extracts indicated that cyanidin and peonidin predominated in both overexpression lines. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that IbMYB1 expression in both IbMYB1 transgenic lines strongly induced the upregulation of several genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, whereas the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic pathway genes varied between transgenic lines. Increased anthocyanin levels in transgenic plants also promoted the elevation of proanthocyanidin and total phenolic levels in fresh storage roots. Consequently, all IbMYB1 transgenic plants displayed much higher antioxidant activities than EV plants. In field cultivations, storage root yields varied between the transgenic lines. Taken together, our results indicate that overexpression of IbMYB1 is a highly promising strategy for the generation of transgenic plants with enhanced antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chul Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
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An CH, Lee KW, Lee SH, Jeong YJ, Woo SG, Chun H, Park YI, Kwak SS, Kim CY. Heterologous expression of IbMYB1a by different promoters exhibits different patterns of anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 89:1-10. [PMID: 25681576 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that the transient and stable expression of IbMYB1a produced anthocyanin pigmentation in tobacco leaves and transgenic Arabidopsis plants, respectively. To further determine the effects of different promoters on the expression of IbMYB1a and anthocyanin production, we generated and characterized stably transformed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum SR1) plants expressing IbMYB1a under the control of three different promoters. We compared the differences in anthocyanin accumulation patterns and phenotypic features of the leaves of these transgenic tobacco plants during growth. Expression of IbMYB1a under the control of these three different promoters led to a remarkable variation in anthocyanin pigmentation in tobacco leaves. The anthocyanin contents of the leaves of the SPO-IbMYB1a-OX (SPO-M) line were higher than those of the SWPA2-IbMYB1a-OX (SPA-M) and 35S-IbMYB1a-OX (35S-M) lines. High levels of anthocyanin pigments negatively affected plant growth in the SPO-M lines, resulting delayed growth and, occasionally, a stunted phenotype. Furthermore, HPLC analysis revealed that transcriptional regulation of IbMYB1a led to the production of cyanidin-based anthocyanins in the tobacco plants. In addition, RT-PCR analysis revealed that IbMYB1a expression induced the up-regulation of several structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, including DFR and ANS. Differential expression levels of IbMYB1a under the control of different promoters were highly correlated with the expression levels of the structural genes, thereby affecting anthocyanin production levels. These results indicate that IbMYB1a positively controls the expression of multiple anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and anthocyanin accumulation in heterologous tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Han An
- Eco-friendly Bio-Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Won Lee
- Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 331-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 331-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- Eco-friendly Bio-Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Gyoung Woo
- Eco-friendly Bio-Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyokon Chun
- Eco-friendly Bio-Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Il Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Eco-friendly Bio-Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Lee JJ, Kim YH, Kwak YS, An JY, Kim PJ, Lee BH, Kumar V, Park KW, Chang ES, Jeong JC, Lee HS, Kwak SS. A comparative study of proteomic differences between pencil and storage roots of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 87:92-101. [PMID: 25562766 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous roots of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) usually develop into both pencil and storage roots. To understand protein function in root development, a proteomic analysis was conducted on the pencil and storage roots of the light orange-fleshed sweetpotato cultivar, Yulmi. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that expression of 30 protein spots differed between pencil and storage roots: 15 proteins were up-regulated or expressed in pencil roots and 15 in storage roots. Differentially expressed proteins spots were investigated using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, and 10 proteins from pencil roots were identified as binding protein isoform A, catechol oxidase, peroxidases, ascorbate peroxidase, endochitinase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase and unknown proteins. Of the proteins up-regulated in, or restricted to, storage roots, 13 proteins were identified as protein disulfide isomerase, anionic peroxidase, putative ripening protein, sporamin B, sporamin A and sporamin A precursor. An analysis of enzyme activity revealed that catechol oxidase and peroxidase as the first and last enzymes of the lignin biosynthesis pathway, and ascorbate peroxidase had higher activities in pencil than in storage roots. The total concentration of phenolic compounds was also far higher in pencil than in storage roots, and lignin accumulated only in pencil roots. These results provide important insight into sweetpotato proteomics, and imply that lignin biosynthesis and stress-related proteins are up-regulated or uniquely expressed in pencil roots. The results indicate that the reduction of carbon flow toward phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and its delivery to carbohydrate metabolism is a major event in storage root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeung Joo Lee
- Department of Applied Biology, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, IALS, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Sig Kwak
- Department of Applied Biology, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young An
- Department of Applied Biology, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Joo Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), IALS, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hyun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), IALS, PMBBRC, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Vikranth Kumar
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Woong Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sil Chang
- Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Jinju 660-985, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Jeong
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng-Soon Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
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Hameed A, Gulzar S, Aziz I, Hussain T, Gul B, Khan MA. Effects of salinity and ascorbic acid on growth, water status and antioxidant system in a perennial halophyte. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv004. [PMID: 25603966 PMCID: PMC4334656 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Salinity causes oxidative stress in plants by enhancing production of reactive oxygen species, so that an efficient antioxidant system, of which ascorbic acid (AsA) is a key component, is an essential requirement of tolerance. However, antioxidant responses of plants to salinity vary considerably among species. Limonium stocksii is a sub-tropical halophyte found in the coastal marshes from Gujarat (India) to Karachi (Pakistan) but little information exists on its salt resistance. In order to investigate the role of AsA in tolerance, 2-month-old plants were treated with 0 (control), 300 (moderate) and 600 (high) mM NaCl for 30 days with or without exogenous application of AsA (20 mM) or distilled water. Shoot growth of unsprayed plants at moderate salinity was similar to that of controls while at high salinity growth was inhibited substantially. Sap osmolality, AsA concentrations and activities of AsA-dependant antioxidant enzymes increased with increasing salinity. Water spray resulted in some improvement in growth, indicating that the growth promotion by exogenous treatments could partly be attributed to water. However, exogenous application of AsA on plants grown under saline conditions improved growth and AsA dependent antioxidant enzymes more than the water control treatment. Our data show that AsA-dependent antioxidant enzymes play an important role in salinity tolerance of L. stocksii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed
- Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization (ISHU), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Salman Gulzar
- Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization (ISHU), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Aziz
- Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization (ISHU), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Tabassum Hussain
- Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization (ISHU), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Bilquees Gul
- Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization (ISHU), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - M Ajmal Khan
- Centre for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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9
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Park SC, Kim SH, Park S, Lee HU, Lee JS, Park WS, Ahn MJ, Kim YH, Jeong JC, Lee HS, Kwak SS. Enhanced accumulation of carotenoids in sweetpotato plants overexpressing IbOr-Ins gene in purple-fleshed sweetpotato cultivar. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 86:82-90. [PMID: 25438140 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] is an important root crop that produces low molecular weight antioxidants such as carotenoids and anthocyanin. The sweetpotato orange (IbOr) protein is involved in the accumulation of carotenoids. To increase the levels of carotenoids in the storage roots of sweetpotato, we generated transgenic sweetpotato plants overexpressing IbOr-Ins under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter in an anthocyanin-rich purple-fleshed cultivar (referred to as IbOr plants). IbOr plants exhibited increased carotenoid levels (up to 7-fold) in their storage roots compared to wild type (WT) plants, as revealed by HPLC analysis. The carotenoid contents of IbOr plants were positively correlated with IbOr transcript levels. The levels of zeaxanthin were ∼ 12 times elevated in IbOr plants, whereas β-carotene increased ∼ 1.75 times higher than those of WT. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that most carotenoid biosynthetic pathway genes were up-regulated in the IbOr plants, including PDS, ZDS, LCY-β, CHY-β, ZEP and Pftf, whereas LCY-ɛ was down-regulated. Interestingly, CCD1, CCD4 and NCED, which are related to the degradation of carotenoids, were also up-regulated in the IbOr plants. Anthocyanin contents and transcription levels of associated biosynthetic genes seemed to be altered in the IbOr plants. The yields of storage roots and aerial parts of IbOr plants and WT plants were not significantly different under field cultivation. Taken together, these results indicate that overexpression of IbOr-Ins can increase the carotenoid contents of sweetpotato storage roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chul Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Un Lee
- Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan 534-833, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seol Lee
- Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan 534-833, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, IALS, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang Naional University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Jeong
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng-Soon Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Étienne Delannoy
- Unité “Résistance des plantes”, IRD (Institut de recherche pour le développement), UMR DGPC, 911 avenue Agropolis, B.P. 64501, F-34394, Montpellier cedex
| | - Philippe Marmey
- Unité “Résistance des plantes”, IRD (Institut de recherche pour le développement), UMR DGPC, 911 avenue Agropolis, B.P. 64501, F-34394, Montpellier cedex
| | - Claude Penel
- Laboratoire de Physiologie végétale, Université de Genève, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211, Genève 4
| | - Michel Nicole
- Unité “Résistance des plantes”, IRD (Institut de recherche pour le développement), UMR DGPC, 911 avenue Agropolis, B.P. 64501, F-34394, Montpellier cedex
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11
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Stable internal reference genes for the normalization of real-time PCR in different sweetpotato cultivars subjected to abiotic stress conditions. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51502. [PMID: 23251557 PMCID: PMC3520839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) has become one of the most widely used methods for gene expression analysis, but its successful application depends on the stability of suitable reference genes used for data normalization. In plant studies, the choice and optimal number of reference genes must be experimentally determined for the specific conditions, plant species, and cultivars. In this study, ten candidate reference genes of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) were isolated and the stability of their expression was analyzed using two algorithms, geNorm and NormFinder. The samples consisted of tissues from four sweetpotato cultivars subjected to four different environmental stress treatments, i.e., cold, drought, salt and oxidative stress. The results showed that, for sweetpotato, individual reference genes or combinations thereof should be selected for use in data normalization depending on the experimental conditions and the particular cultivar. In general, the genes ARF, UBI, COX, GAP and RPL were validated as the most suitable reference gene set for every cultivar across total tested samples. Interestingly, the genes ACT and TUB, although widely used, were not the most suitable reference genes in different sweetpotato sample sets. Taken together, these results provide guidelines for reference gene(s) selection under different experimental conditions. In addition, they serve as a foundation for the more accurate and widespread use of RT-qPCR in various sweetpotato cultivars.
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Cloning, expression and functional validation of drought inducible ascorbate peroxidase (Ec-apx1) from Eleusine coracana. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:1155-65. [PMID: 23065288 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Eleusine coracana (finger millet) is a stress-hardy but under-utilized cereal crop that possesses an efficient antioxidant defense system. The plant is capable of enduring long durations of water deficit stress. Experiments were conducted to clone a potent stress responsive isoform of ascorbate peroxidase and validate its role under drought stress. Reverse transcriptase PCR was used to obtain the partial cDNA of apx1 gene, from a meticulously screened drought tolerant genotype of E. coracana (PR202). Using RACE strategy, the full length apx1 cDNA was cloned and sequenced. The cDNA length of the E. coracana apx1 (Ec-apx1) gene is 1,047 bp with a 750 bp ORF, encoding a 250 amino acid protein having a molecular weight of 28.5 kDa. The identity of the amino acid sequence, deduced from the cDNA, with the APX family homologs was about 74-97 %. The full-length apx1 ORF was sub-cloned in a prokaryotic expression vector pET23b. The recombinant fusion protein, Ec-apx1, had high expression level in BL21 strain of E. coli and exhibited APX enzyme activity. The structure-function relationship of the protein was deduced by modelling a three-dimensional structure of Ec-apx1, on the basis of comparative homology using SWISS-MODEL. Real time PCR analysis of Ec-apx1 expression at mRNA level showed that the transcript increased under drought stress, with maximum levels attained 5-days after imposition of stress. Our results suggest that Ec-apx1 has a distinct pattern of expression and plays a pivotal role in drought stress tolerance. Therefore, the cloned isoform of ascorbate peroxidase can be used for developing stress tolerant genotypes of important crops, through transgenic approach.
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Kim YH, Kim MD, Choi YI, Park SC, Yun DJ, Noh EW, Lee HS, Kwak SS. Transgenic poplar expressing Arabidopsis NDPK2 enhances growth as well as oxidative stress tolerance. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2011; 9:334-47. [PMID: 20649941 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2010.00551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 (NDPK2) is known to regulate the expression of antioxidant genes in plants. Previously, we reported that overexpression of Arabidopsis NDPK2 (AtNDPK2) under the control of an oxidative stress-inducible SWPA2 promoter in transgenic potato and sweetpotato plants enhanced tolerance to various abiotic stresses. In this study, transgenic poplar (Populus alba × Poplus glandulosa) expressing the AtNDPK2 gene under the control of a SWPA2 promoter (referred to as SN) was generated to develop plants with enhanced tolerance to oxidative stress. The level of AtNDPK2 expression and NDPK activity in SN plants following methyl viologen (MV) treatment was positively correlated with the plant's tolerance to MV-mediated oxidative stress. We also observed that antioxidant enzyme activities such as ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and peroxidase were increased in MV-treated leaf discs of SN plants. The growth of SN plants was substantially increased under field conditions including increased branch number and stem diameter. SN plants exhibited higher transcript levels of the auxin-response genes IAA2 and IAA5. These results suggest that enhanced AtNDPK2 expression affects oxidative stress tolerance leading to improved plant growth in transgenic poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Kim
- Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
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Sathiyaraj G, Lee OR, Parvin S, Khorolragchaa A, Kim YJ, Yang DC. Transcript profiling of antioxidant genes during biotic and abiotic stresses in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:2761-9. [PMID: 21086178 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of reactive oxygen scavengers against biotic and abiotic conditions were investigated in the seedling of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. From the EST library we selected the antioxidant marker genes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione synthase (GS). The abiotic chilling, heat, osmotic, oxidative, and wounding stresses and biotic stresses with fungal pathogens were tested against 3-week-grown seedlings. The expression patterns of the genes were analyzed by means of real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The transcriptome result under abiotic stresses showed differential expression and elevated up-regulation of PgSOD, PgGPX, PgGS, and PgAPX, thus it may prove the generation of ROS in ginseng. Whereas, in biotic stress the up-regulation of transcript level merely based on the incompatible interactions. But PgAPX and PgCAT showed no significant change or slight down-regulation of transcript level during pathogen interaction. Thus it may suggest that in ginseng, plant-pathogen interaction triggers defense-related gene transcription via salicylic acid mediated signaling mechanism, and also possess crosstalk signaling networks between abiotic and biotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Sathiyaraj
- Korean Ginseng Center for Most Valuable Products and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, 449-701, South Korea
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Kim YH, Lee HS, Kwak SS. Differential responses of sweetpotato peroxidases to heavy metals. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 81:79-85. [PMID: 20638101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the major causes of damage in plants exposed to different types of environmental stress, including heavy metals. Accumulation of heavy metals in plants can disrupt many cellular functions and plant growth. To assess the contribution of oxidative stress to heavy metal toxicity in plants, young sweetpotato plants (Ipomoea batatas) were treated with increasing concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn, and grown in half Murashige and Skoog nutrient solution culture. Plant growth was significantly inhibited and internal metal content was increased in a dose-dependent manner for each metal. The generation of H(2)O(2) in leaves and fibrous roots correlated positively with metal dose. The specific activity of peroxidases (PODs) in fibrous roots was markedly enhanced by metal treatment, whereas in leaves, activity was low and only slightly affected by metal treatment. Analysis of 13 POD genes revealed differential expression of PODs in response to heavy metals. Several genes for acidic PODs (swpa2, swpa3 and swpa4) and basic PODs (swpb1, swpb3 and swpab4) were strongly expressed under all metal treatment conditions in leaves or fibrous roots. The expression of swpa1 was increased in leaves and fibrous roots by Cd and Cu treatment, whereas swpb5 expression was reduced by all metals in fibrous roots. These results indicate that increased H(2)O(2) levels in response to heavy metal stress are closely linked to an improved antioxidant defense capability mediated by POD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Kim
- Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
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Kim YH, Park SC, Yang KS, Zhou Z, Zhao D, Ma D, Jeong JC, Lee HS, Kwak SS. Selection of oxidative stress-tolerant sweetpotato cultivars for cultivation on marginal lands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.5010/jpb.2009.36.3.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Woo HJ, Cho HS, Lim SH, Shin KS, Lee SM, Lee KJ, Kim DH, Cho YG. Auto-excision of selectable marker genes from transgenic tobacco via a stress inducible FLP/FRT site-specific recombination system. Transgenic Res 2009; 18:455-65. [PMID: 19160066 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-008-9236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance marker genes are powerful selection tools for use in plant transformation processes. However, once transformation is accomplished, the presence of these resistance genes is no longer necessary and can even be undesirable. We herein describe the successful excision of antibiotic resistance genes from transgenic plants via the use of an oxidative stress-inducible FLP gene. FLP encodes a recombinase that can eliminate FLP and hpt selection genes flanked by two FRT sites. During a transformation procedure in tobacco, transformants were obtained by selection on hygromycin media. Regenerants of the initial transformants were screened for selective marker excision in hydrogen peroxide supplemented media and both the FLP and hpt genes were found to have been eliminated. About 13-41% of regenerated shoots on hydrogen peroxide media were marker-free. This auto-excision system, mediated by the oxidative stress-inducible FLP/FRT system to eliminate a selectable marker gene can be very readily adopted and used to efficiently generate marker-free transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jong Woo
- Biosafety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, South Korea
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Ryu SH, Kim YH, Kim CY, Park SY, Kwon SY, Lee HS, Kwak SS. Molecular characterization of the sweet potato peroxidase SWPA4 promoter which responds to abiotic stresses and pathogen infection. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2009; 135:390-9. [PMID: 19226312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Previously, the swpa4 peroxidase gene has been shown to be inducible by a variety of abiotic stresses and pathogenic infections in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). To elucidate its regulatory mechanism at the transcriptional level under various stress conditions, we isolated and characterized the promoter region (2374 bp) of swpa4 (referred to as SWPA4). We performed a transient expression assay in tobacco protoplasts with deletions from the 5'-end of SWPA4 promoter fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. The -1408 and -374 bp deletions relative to the transcription start site (+1) showed 8 and 4.5 times higher GUS expression than the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, respectively. In addition, transgenic tobacco plants expressing GUS under the control of -2374, -1408 or -374 bp region of SWPA4 promoter were generated and studied in various tissues under abiotic stresses and pathogen infection. Gel mobility shift assays revealed that nuclear proteins from sweet potato cultured cells specifically interacted with 60-bp fragment (-178/-118) in -374 bp promoter region. In silico analysis indicated that four kinds of cis-acting regulatory sequences, reactive oxygen species-related element activator protein 1 (AP1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha element, ethylene-responsive element (ERE) and heat-shock element, are present in the -60 bp region (-178/-118), suggesting that the -60 bp region might be associated with stress inducibility of the SWPA4 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hwa Ryu
- Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
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Kim YH, Yang KS, Kim CY, Ryu SH, Song WK, Kwon SY, Lee HS, Bang JW, Kwak SS. Molecular cloning of peroxidase cDNAs from dehydration-treated fibrous roots of sweetpotato and their differential expression in response to stress. BMB Rep 2008; 41:259-65. [PMID: 18377732 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.3.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three peroxidase (POD) cDNAs were isolated from dehydration-treated fibrous roots of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) plant via the screening of a cDNA library, and their expressions were assessed to characterize functions of each POD in relation to environmental stress. Three PODs were divided into two groups, designated the basic PODs (swpb4, swpb5) and the anionic PODs (swpa7), on the basis of the pI values of mature proteins. Fluorescence microscope analysis indicated that three PODs are secreted into the extracellular space. RTPCR analysis revealed that POD genes have diverse expression patterns in a variety of plant tissues. Swpb4 was abundantly expressed in stem tissues, whereas the expression levels of swpb5 and swpa7 transcripts were high in fibrous and thick pigmented roots. Swpb4 and swpa7 showed abundant expression levels in suspension cultured cells. Three POD genes responded differently in the leaf and fibrous roots in response to a variety of stresses including dehydration, temperature stress, stress-associated chemicals, and pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Kim
- Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
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Kim YH, Kim CY, Song WK, Park DS, Kwon SY, Lee HS, Bang JW, Kwak SS. Overexpression of sweetpotato swpa4 peroxidase results in increased hydrogen peroxide production and enhances stress tolerance in tobacco. PLANTA 2008; 227:867-81. [PMID: 18224366 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-007-0663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant peroxidases (POD) reduce hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in the presence of an electron donor. Extracellular POD can also induce H(2)O(2) production and may perform a significant function in responses to environmental stresses via the regulation of H(2)O(2) in plants. We previously described the isolation of 10 POD cDNA clones from cell cultures of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas). Among them, the expression of the swpa4 gene was profoundly induced by a variety of abiotic stresses and pathogenic infections (Park et al. in Mol Gen Genome 269:542-552 2003; Jang et al. in Plant Physiol Biochem 42:451-455 2004). In the present study, transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants overexpressing the swpa4 gene under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter were generated in order to assess the function of swpa4 in planta. The transgenic plants exhibited an approximately 50-fold higher POD specific activity than was observed in control plants. Both transient expression analysis with the swpa4-GFP fusion protein and POD activity assays in the apoplastic washing fluid revealed that the swpa4 protein is secreted into the apoplastic space. In addition, a significantly enhanced tolerance to a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses occurred in the transgenic plants. These plants harbored increased lignin and phenolic content, and H(2)O(2 )was also generated under normal conditions. Furthermore, they showed an increased expression level of a variety of apoplastic acidic pathogenesis-related (PR) genes following enhanced H(2)O(2) production. These results suggest that the expression of swpa4 in the apoplastic space may function as a positive defense signal in the H(2)O(2)-regulated stress response signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Kim
- Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Oun-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
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Kim YH, Lim S, Han SH, Lee JC, Song WK, Bang JW, Kwon SY, Lee HS, Kwak SS. Differential expression of 10 sweetpotato peroxidases in response to sulfur dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet radiation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2007; 45:908-14. [PMID: 17870589 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Secretory class III plant peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) is believed to function in diverse physiological processes, including responses to various environmental stresses. To understand the function of each POD in terms of air pollutants and UV radiation, changes in POD activity and expression of 10 POD genes isolated from cell cultures of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) were investigated in the leaves of sweetpotato after treatment with sulfur dioxide (SO(2) 500ppb, 8h/day for 5 days), ozone (O(3) 200ppb, 8h/day for 6 days), and ultraviolet radiation (UV-B 0.6mWm(-2) for 24h, UV-C 0.16mWm(-2) for 24h). All treatments significantly reduced the PSII photosynthetic efficiency (F(v)/F(m)). POD-specific activities (units/mg protein) were increased in leaves treated with SO(2) and O(3) by 5.2- and 7.1-fold, respectively, compared to control leaves. UV-B and UV-C also increased POD activities by 3.0- and 2.4-fold, respectively. As determined by RT-PCR analysis, 10 POD genes showed differential expression patterns upon treatment with air pollutants and UV radiation. Among the POD genes, swpa1, swpa2, and swpa4 were strongly induced following each of the treatments. Interestingly, basic POD genes (swpb1, swpb2, and swpb3) were highly expressed following SO(2) treatment only, whereas neutral swpn1 was highly induced following O(3) treatment only. These results indicated that some specific POD isoenzymes might be specifically involved in the defense mechanism against oxidative stress induced by air pollutants and UV radiation in sweetpotato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Kim
- Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Oun-dong 52, Yusong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
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Enhanced tolerance of transgenic potato plants overexpressing nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 against multiple environmental stresses. Transgenic Res 2007; 17:705-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-007-9155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Rompel A, Albers M, Naseri JI, Gerdemann C, Büldt-Karentzopoulos K, Jasper B, Krebs B. Purification, cloning and characterization of a novel peroxidase isozyme from sweetpotatoes (Ipomoea batatas). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2007; 1774:1422-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Revised: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tang L, Kwon SY, Kim SH, Kim JS, Choi JS, Cho KY, Sung CK, Kwak SS, Lee HS. Enhanced tolerance of transgenic potato plants expressing both superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase in chloroplasts against oxidative stress and high temperature. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2006; 25:1380-6. [PMID: 16841217 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-006-0199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Revised: 06/11/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major damaging factor for plants exposed to environmental stresses. In order to develop transgenic potato plants with enhanced tolerance to environmental stress, the genes of both Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were expressed in chloroplasts under the control of an oxidative stress-inducible SWPA2 promoter (referred to as SSA plants). SSA plants showed enhanced tolerance to 250 microM methyl viologen, and visible damage in SSA plants was one-fourth that of non-transgenic (NT) plants that were almost destroyed. In addition, when SSA plants were treated with a high temperature of 42 degrees C for 20 h, the photosynthetic activity of SSA plants decreased by only 6%, whereas that of NT plants decreased by 29%. These results suggest that the manipulation of the antioxidative mechanism of the chloroplasts may be applied in the development of industrial transgenic crop plants with increased tolerance to multiple environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
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Radić S, Radić-Stojković M, Pevalek-Kozlina B. Influence of NaCl and mannitol on peroxidase activity and lipid peroxidation in Centaurea ragusina L. roots and shoots. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 163:1284-92. [PMID: 17126732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2005.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Revised: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 08/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Centaurea ragusina L. is a Croatian endemic plant species growing on cliffs above the Adriatic Sea, but there is no information about its physiological behavior or stress tolerance. To investigate the response of C. ragusina plants to salinity and drought, we have analysed soluble peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7) activity, anionic isoperoxidase pattern, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide in C. ragusina plants exposed to these stresses. Rooted plantlets grown on MS 1/2 nutrient medium supplemented with mannitol (300 mM) and different concentrations of NaCl (150, 300, 450 or 600 mM) were harvested after 5, 10 and 15 days. Both osmotic treatments significantly increased MDA and hydrogen peroxide contents in C. ragusina shoots after 10 days of stress, while in roots these parameters showed no significant difference compared to control in overall. POD activity of salt-stressed plants changed with respect to different saline treatments and plant organs - in shoots enzymatic activity markedly increased in response to lower saline treatments, especially 300 mM NaCl; otherwise it was similar as in control plants while in roots of plants grown under 450 and 600 mM NaCl it significantly decreased. Drought increased POD activity of both shoots and roots especially after 10 days of experiment. Generally, change in the POD isoenzyme pattern of treated plants was in accordance with the activity change in time. Several POD isoforms (P3, P4 and P9) were specifically induced by salinity and drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Radić
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000, Zagreb.
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Wang FZ, Wang QB, Kwon SY, Kwak SS, Su WA. Enhanced drought tolerance of transgenic rice plants expressing a pea manganese superoxide dismutase. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 162:465-72. [PMID: 15900889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2004.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role that manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), an important antioxidant enzyme, may play in the drought tolerance of rice. MnSOD from pea (Pisum sativum) under the control of an oxidative stress-inducible SWPA2 promoter was introduced into chloroplasts of rice (Oryza sativa) by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to develop drought-tolerant rice plants. Functional expression of the pea MnSOD in transgenic rice plants (T1) was revealed under drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. After PEG treatment the transgenic leaf slices showed reduced electrolyte leakage compared to wild type (WT) leaf slices, whether they were exposed to methyl viologen (MV) or not, suggesting that transgenic plants were more resistant to MV- or PEG-induced oxidative stress. Transgenic plants also exhibited less injury, measured by net photosynthetic rate, when treated with PEG. Our data suggest that SOD is a critical component of the ROS scavenging system in plant chloroplasts and that the expression of MnSOD can improve drought tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zheng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Shin SY, Lee HS, Kwon SY, Kwon ST, Kwak SS. Molecular characterization of a cDNA encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from cultured cells of Manihot esculenta. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2005; 43:55-60. [PMID: 15763666 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2004.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2004] [Accepted: 12/14/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) cDNA, mSOD2, encoding cytosolic copper/zinc SOD (CuZnSOD) cDNA was isolated from suspension-cultured cells of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) by cDNA library screening, and its expression was investigated in relation to environmental stress. mSOD2 is 774 bp in length with an open reading frame (ORF) of 152 amino acids, corresponding to a protein of predicted molecular mass 15 kDa and a pI of 5.22. One copy of the mSOD2 gene was found to be present in the cassava genome by Southern analysis using an mSOD2 cDNA-specific probe. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed diverse expression patterns for the mSOD2 gene in various tissues of intact cassava plants, at various stages of the growth in suspension cultures, and in the leaf tissues exposed to different stresses. The mSOD2 gene was highly expressed in suspension-cultured cells and in the stems of intact plants. However, it was expressed at low levels in leaves and roots. During suspension cell growth, the mSOD2 transcript progressively increased during culture. Moreover, the mSOD2 gene in excised cassava leaves responded to various stresses in different ways. In particular, it was highly induced in leaf tissue by several abiotic stresses, including high temperature (37 degrees C), chilling (4 degrees C), methyl viologen (MV) exposure, and wounding treatment. These results indicate that the mSOD2 gene is involved in the antioxidative process triggered by oxidative stress induced by environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Yong Shin
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Eoen-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
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Kim YH, Kim Y, Cho E, Kwak S, Kwon S, Bae J, Lee B, Meen B, Huh GH. Alterations in intracellular and extracellular activities of antioxidant enzymes during suspension culture of sweetpotato. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2004; 65:2471-2476. [PMID: 15381411 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2004] [Revised: 05/10/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cultured plant cells are a good system for the study of antioxidant mechanisms and for the mass production of antioxidants, because they can be grown under conditions of high oxidative stress. Alterations in the intracellular and extracellular activities of three antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol-type peroxidase (POD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), were investigated in suspension cultures of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) during cell growth. Intracellular SOD activities (units/mg protein) at 15 days after subculture (DAS) and 30 DAS were 10 and 20 times higher, respectively, compared with the SOD activity at 1 DAS, whereas intracellular specific POD and GPX activities did not significantly increase until after 15 DAS, when they rapidly increased. The extracellular activities of the three enzymes in culture medium were much higher than were the intracellular activities. The change in extracellular SOD activity was similar to that of extracellular GPX during cell growth. Those activities showed high levels until 5 DAS and then significantly decreased. Extracellular POD activity had an almost constant level regardless of the cell growth stage. In addition, intracellular SOD and POD isozymes were quite different from those isozymes in the culture medium. The changes in SOD and POD isozymes observed here suggest that different isozymes might modulate the levels of reactive oxygen intermediates during cell growth. Characterization of extracellular antioxidant enzymes discovered here would provide a new understanding for defense mechanism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hwa Kim
- Genome Research Center, Inje University, 607 Obangdong, Gimhae 621-749, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea
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Jang IC, Park SY, Kim KY, Kwon SY, Kim JG, Kwak SS. Differential expression of 10 sweetpotato peroxidase genes in response to bacterial pathogen, Pectobacterium chrysanthemi. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2004; 42:451-455. [PMID: 15191750 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2004.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2004] [Accepted: 04/05/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To understand the function of each peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) in terms of biotic stress, changes in POD specific activity and expression of 10 POD genes were investigated in four cultivars of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) after infection with Pectobacterium chrysanthemi. POD specific activity (units mg(-1) protein) increased from 16 h after inoculation (HAI) in three varieties. POD activities of two cultivars, Shinwhangmi and White Star, reached a maximum level at 24 HAI by about three times compared to mock treatment (MT), and then decreased, whereas those of Zami and Yulmi continuously increased until 36 HAI. Native gel analysis revealed that one POD isoenzyme with a high electrophoretic mobility significantly increased in response to pathogen infection in all cultivars. Additionally, 10 POD genes displayed differential expression patterns upon bacterial infection by northern analysis. Several POD genes such as swpa2, swpa3, swpa4, swpa5, swpb1 were induced upon bacterial infection, but other genes were not. Particularly, swpa4 gene was markedly expressed in response to bacterial infection in four different cultivars, suggesting that this gene has a stress-inducible promoter. These results indicate that some specific POD isoenzymes are involved in defense in relation to pathogenesis of P. chrysanthemi in sweetpotato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Chang Jang
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 52 Eoen-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
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Park SY, Ryu SH, Jang IC, Kwon SY, Kim JG, Kwak SS. Molecular cloning of a cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase cDNA from cell cultures of sweet potato and its expression in response to stress. Mol Genet Genomics 2004; 271:339-46. [PMID: 14986108 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-004-0986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2003] [Accepted: 01/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA encoding a cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (APX), swAPX1, was isolated from cell cultures of sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas) by cDNA library screening, and its expression in the context of various environmental stresses was investigated. swAPX1 contains an ORF of 250 amino acids (27.5 kDa) encoding a protein with a pI value of 5.32. The swAPX1 ORF does not code for a transit peptide, suggesting that the product is a cytosolic isoform. RNA blot analysis showed that swAPX1 gene is expressed in cultured cells and mature leaves, but not in stems, non-storage or storage roots of sweet potato. The level of swAPX1 RNA progressively increased during cell growth in suspension cultures. In leaf tissues, the gene responded differentially to various abiotic stresses, as revealed by RT-PCR analysis. swAPX1 was highly induced in leaves by wounding, and treatment with methyl viologen (50 microM), hydrogen peroxide (440 mM), abscisic acid (ABA; 100 microM) or exposure to high temperature (37 degrees C). In addition, the gene was strongly induced in the leaves following inoculation with a bacterial pathogen ( Pectobacterium chrysanthemi). These results indicate that swAPX1 may be involved in hydrogen peroxide-detoxification and thus help to overcome the oxidative stress induced by abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Y Park
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Oun-dong 52, Yusong-gu, 305-806 Daejeon, Korea
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Tonkovska G, Atanassov A, Atanassov I. Assessment of the Functionality of the Direct PCR-Cloned Putative Promoter Regions of Genes from Arabidopsis Thaliana. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2004.10817119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Park SY, Ryu SH, Kwon SY, Lee HS, Kim JG, Kwak SS. Differential expression of six novel peroxidase cDNAs from cell cultures of sweetpotato in response to stress. Mol Genet Genomics 2003; 269:542-52. [PMID: 12802681 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-003-0862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2003] [Accepted: 05/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Six peroxidase (POD) cDNAs were isolated from suspension cultures of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) by cDNA library screening, and their expression was investigated with a view to understanding the physiological functions of each POD in relation to environmental stress. The gene products encoded by these cDNAs could be divided into two groups, anionic PODs (SWPA4, SWPA5, SWPA6) and basic PODs (SWPB1, SWPB2, SWPB3), on the basis of the predicted pI values of the mature proteins. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the six POD genes showed diverse expression patterns in various tissues of intact plants, a various stages of growth in suspension cultures, and in leaf tissues exposed to different stresses. The six genes from which they were derived are predominantly expressed in cultured cells of sweetpotato. Thus, transcripts of swpa4 were not detected in any tissues of the intact plant. The genes swpa6 and swpb1 were highly expressed in root tissues, whereas swpa6 and swpb3 were highly expressed in stem tissues. During suspension culture, the expression patterns of the six genes differed from each other. The level of swpa4, swpa5, swpb2 and swpb3 transcripts progressively increased during culture, whereas swpa6 and swpb1 showed high expression levels regardless of the age of the culture. In leaf tissues the six POD genes responded differently to various abiotic stresses. In particular, swpa4 was highly induced by several abiotic stresses, including exposure to hydrogen peroxide (440 mM) or NaCl (100 mM), and wounding of leaf tissues, suggesting that this POD gene is inducible by many stresses. Based on the different expression patterns of these POD genes, we propose that each POD may have different enzymatic properties and physiological functions during cell growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Park
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Oun-dong 52, Yusong-gu, 305-806 Daejeon, Korea
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Kang HM, Saltveit ME. Activity of enzymatic antioxidant defense systems in chilled and heat shocked cucumber seedling radicles. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2001; 113:548-556. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1130414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Lindgren A, Ruzgas T, Gorton L, Csoregi E, Ardila GB, Sakharov IY, Gazaryan IG. Biosensors based on novel peroxidases with improved properties in direct and mediated electron transfer. Biosens Bioelectron 2001; 15:491-7. [PMID: 11419644 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(00)00110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Native horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on graphite has revealed approximately 50% of the active enzyme molecules to be in direct electron transfer (ET) contact with the electrode surface. Some novel plant peroxidases from tobacco, peanut and sweet potato were kinetically characterised on graphite in order to find promising candidates for biosensor applications and to understand the nature of the direct ET in the case of plant peroxidases. From measurements of the mediated and mediatorless currents of hydrogen peroxide reduction at the peroxidase-modified rotating disk electrodes (RDE), it was concluded that the fraction of enzyme molecules in direct ET varies substantially for the different plant peroxidases. It was observed that the anionic peroxidases (from sweet potato and tobacco) demonstrated a higher percentage of molecules in direct ET than the cationic ones (HRP and peanut peroxidase). The peroxidases with a high degree of glycosylation demonstrated a lower percentage of molecules in direct ET. It could, thus, be concluded that glycosylation of the peroxidases hinders direct ET and that a net negative charge on the peroxidase (low pI value) is beneficial for direct ET. Especially noticeable are the values obtained for sweet potato peroxidase (SPP), revealing both a high percentage in direct ET and a high rate constant of direct ET. The peroxidase electrodes were used for determination of hydrogen peroxide in RDE mode (mediatorless). SPP gave the lowest detection limit (40 nM) followed by HRP and peanut peroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lindgren
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, Sweden.
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Kim KY, Kwon HK, Kwon SY, Lee HS, Hur Y, Bang JW, Choi KS, Kwak SS. Differential expression of four sweet potato peroxidase genes in response to abscisic acid and ethephon. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2000; 54:19-22. [PMID: 10846741 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Expression of four peroxidase (POD) genes, three anionic PODs (swpa1, swpa2 and swpa3), and one neutral POD (swpn1) isolated from suspension cultures of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) were analyzed by measuring the accumulation of transcripts in suspension cultured cells and leaves of sweet potato in response to the stress-related plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and ethephon (an ethylene generating chemical). The four genes responded differently to ABA (0.1 mM) and ethephon (0.1 mM) in cultured cells and leaves. In suspension cultures, ABA reduced the expression levels of swpa1, swpa2, and swpn1, but did not affect the level of swpa3. Ethephon strongly increased expression levels of swpa3 and swpn1, and slightly increased the level of swpa1. The expression level of swpa2 was reduced. Expression levels in intact leaves, however, were significantly changed by this treatment. Expression of the swpa1 and swpa2 genes was induced 15 min after ABA treatment, followed by a decrease to a basal level after 3 h. A strong re-expression occurred after 12 h. Expression of the swpa3 and swpn1 genes occurred from 3 to 24 h after treatment. All four genes were differentially expressed 12 h after ethephon treatment. The swpa2 gene was strongly expressed immediately after ethephon treatment. The results indicate that each POD gene is differentially regulated by ABA and ethylene in whole plants and in cultured cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Kim
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yusong, Taejon, South Korea
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Yoshida K, Shinmyo A. Transgene expression systems in plant, a natural bioreactor. J Biosci Bioeng 2000; 90:353-62. [PMID: 16232872 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2000] [Accepted: 06/25/2000] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Plants are important resources that have been providing us food from the earliest times. The rapid advances that have taken place in plant genetic engineering have made it possible to modify plants to increase food production and contribute to environmental purification. Transgenic plants are gaining increasing attention from the industry as a natural bioreactor for the production of industrial and chemical products. Useful expression systems based on promoters to optimize transgene expression in plant cells, hold the key to maximizing the potential of this concept of molecular-farming or industrial plants. This review, which is devoted to the use of plants for heterologous protein production, is divided into three parts. First, we introduce the nature of plant promoters and strategies for the isolation of novel promoters. In the second part, various promoters showing high-level constitutive, organ-specific, or inducible expression, are summarized as useful tools for realizing the efficient transcription of transgenes. Finally, problems in the expression of foreign gene in plant cells and future prospects in plant biotechnology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshida
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma-shi, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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