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Machida R, Ogawa T, Min Soe K, Moriyama K. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay affects hyperactive root formation in oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome via up-frameshift protein 1. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:225-231. [PMID: 38244688 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome is a rare X-linked genetic disorder caused by mutations in the BCL6 co-repressor (BCOR) and is mainly characterized by radiculomegaly (elongated dental roots). All BCOR mutations reported to date have been associated with premature termination codons, indicating that nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) might play a vital role in the pathogenesis of OFCD syndrome. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying NMD remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the involvement of up-frameshift protein 1 (UPF1), which plays a central role in NMD, in the hyperactive root formation caused by BCOR mutations. METHODS Periodontal ligament cells, isolated from a Japanese woman with a c.3668delC frameshift mutation in BCOR, and primary human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLFs) were used for an RNA immunoprecipitation assay to confirm the binding of UPF1 to mutated BCOR. Additionally, the effects of UPF1 on the BCOR transcription levels and corresponding gene expression were determined by performing relative quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. RESULTS RNA immunoprecipitation revealed that UPF1 binds to exon 9 of mutated BCOR. Additionally, UPF1 knockdown via siRNA upregulated the transcription of BCOR, whereas overexpression of wild-type and mutated BCOR with the same frameshift mutation in HPdLFs altered bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that BCOR mutations regulate the transcription of BCOR via UPF1, which may in turn regulate the expression of BMP2. NMD, caused by a c.3668delC mutation, potentially leads to an OFCD syndrome phenotype, including elongated dental roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoto Machida
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Takuya Ogawa
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Kyaw Min Soe
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
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2
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Nguyen TT, Truong ATH, Hoang VA, Van Huynh D, Van Nguyen T, Le CT, Dang DTP, Le MHN. Oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2024; 18:18. [PMID: 38178193 PMCID: PMC10765806 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome is a rare condition that affects the eyes, face, heart, and teeth of patients. One notable dental characteristic of OFCD is radiculomegaly, or root gigantism, which highlights the role of dentists in detecting this syndrome. OFCD is an X-linked dominant syndrome that results from a variant in the BCOR gene. Our study presents the first documented case of OFCD in Vietnam and reports a novel BCOR gene variant observed in this case. CASE PRESENTATION A 19-year-old Vietnamese female patient with an extremely long root with an abscess was clinically examined for the expression of OFCDs. The radiograph and the variant in BCOR gene were also evaluated. We identified abnormalities in the teeth, as well as ocular, facial, and cardiac features, with radiculomegaly of the canines being a specific symptom for OFCDs. The patient's genetic analysis revealed a pathogenic heterozygous deletion at intron 11 of the BCOR gene, representing a novel variant. CONCLUSION Oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome (OFCD) is an extremely rare condition characterized by abnormalities in the eyes, face, heart, and teeth, often caused by variants in the BCOR gene. Radiculomegaly, or enlarged dental roots, is a key diagnostic feature of OFCD, and early detection is crucial for preventing future dental complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental, Franco-Vietnamese Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Anh Thai Hoang Truong
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vu Anh Hoang
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duong Van Huynh
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, National Hospital of OdontoStomatology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Van Nguyen
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, National Hospital of OdontoStomatology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chanh Trung Le
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, National Hospital of OdontoStomatology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Minh Huu Nhat Le
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Moleiro AF, Oliveira JS, Grangeia A, Faria P, Falcão-Reis F, Magalhães A, Silva SE. Ocular severe involvement in oculofaciocardiodental syndrome: Description of a case series. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:NP6-NP11. [PMID: 37157789 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231170406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oculofaciocardiodental (OFCD) syndrome is a rare genetic disorder affecting ocular, facial, dental, and cardiac systems, being an X-linked condition caused by pathogenic variants in the BCL-6 corepressor gene (BCOR). We report a case series of three female patients with OFCD syndrome with severe glaucoma. RESULTS Three female patients with OFCD syndrome with different variants involving BCOR gene, in heterozygosity: a seven-years-old girl with an insertion (c.2037_2038dupCT), a nine years-old girl with a microdeletion in the X (p21.2-p11.4)) spanning the BCOR gene; and a 25 years-old female with a deletion (c.3858_3859del). Systemic involvement is variable among patients ranging from one patient mainly with ocular and dental involvement to one with associated intra-auricular and intra-ventricular defects. All the patients presented with congenital cataracts diagnosed in the first days of life. Cataract surgery was performed without incidents between 6 and 16 weeks of age in all the patients. Postoperatively, the three patients developed ocular hypertension and glaucoma with the need for surgical interventions, including trabeculectomy, Ahmed valve implantation, and cyclophotocoagulation. CONCLUSION OFCD syndrome characterizes by a severe ocular involvement with glaucoma as a characteristic feature. Ocular hypertension after cataract surgery in these patients is challenging, almost always needing surgery during childhood. Therefore, we consider BCOR disruption may predispose to a higher incidence of glaucoma due to its aggressiveness and early onset on our case series. The awareness of these complications is crucial to an adequate follow-up of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Moleiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, São João Hospital University Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Grangeia
- Department of Medical Genetics, São João Hospital University Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Faria
- Department of Ophthalmology, São João Hospital University Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Falcão-Reis
- Department of Ophthalmology, São João Hospital University Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusto Magalhães
- Department of Ophthalmology, São João Hospital University Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Estrela Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology, São João Hospital University Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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4
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Harding P, Gore S, Malka S, Rajkumar J, Oluonye N, Moosajee M. Real-world clinical and molecular management of 50 prospective patients with microphthalmia, anophthalmia and/or ocular coloboma. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1925-1935. [PMID: 36192130 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Microphthalmia, anophthalmia and coloboma (MAC) are clinically and genetically heterogenous rare developmental eye conditions, which contribute to a significant proportion of childhood blindness worldwide. Clear understanding of MAC aetiology and comorbidities is essential to providing patients with appropriate care. However, current management is unstandardised and molecular diagnostic rates remain low, particularly in those with unilateral presentation. To further understanding of clinical and genetic management of patients with MAC, we charted their real-world experience to ascertain optimal management pathways and yield from molecular analysis. METHODS A prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with MAC referred to the ocular genetics service at Moorfields Eye Hospital between 2017-2020. RESULTS Clinical analysis of 50 MAC patients (15 microphthalmia; 2 anophthalmia; 11 coloboma; and 22 mixed) from 44 unrelated families found 44% had additional ocular features (complex) and 34% had systemic involvement, most frequently intellectual/developmental delay (8/17). Molecular analysis of 39 families using targeted gene panels, whole genome sequencing and microarray comparative genomic hybridisation identified genetic causes in, 28% including novel variants in six known MAC genes (SOX2, KMT2D, MAB21L2, ALDH1A3, BCOR and FOXE3), and a molecular diagnostic rate of 33% for both bilateral and unilateral cohorts. New phenotypic associations were found for FOXE3 (bilateral sensorineural hearing loss) and MAB21L2 (unilateral microphthalmia). CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of thorough clinical and molecular phenotyping of MAC patients to provide appropriate multidisciplinary care. Routine genetic testing for both unilateral and bilateral cases in the clinic may increase diagnostic rates in the future, helping elucidate genotype-phenotype correlations and informing genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Harding
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sri Gore
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Samantha Malka
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Ngozi Oluonye
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Trust, London, UK
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5
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Reis LM, Amor DJ, Haddad RA, Nowak CB, Keppler-Noreuil KM, Chisholm SA, Semina EV. Alternative Genetic Diagnoses in Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome Spectrum. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1948. [PMID: 37895297 PMCID: PMC10606241 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly (ARA) is a specific ocular disorder that is frequently associated with other systemic abnormalities. PITX2 and FOXC1 variants explain the majority of individuals with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) but leave ~30% unsolved. Here, we present pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in nine families with ARA/ARS or similar phenotypes affecting five different genes/regions. USP9X and JAG1 explained three families each. USP9X was recently linked with syndromic cognitive impairment that includes hearing loss, dental defects, ventriculomegaly, Dandy-Walker malformation, skeletal anomalies (hip dysplasia), and other features showing a significant overlap with FOXC1-ARS. Anterior segment anomalies are not currently associated with USP9X, yet our cases demonstrate ARA, congenital glaucoma, corneal neovascularization, and cataracts. The identification of JAG1 variants, linked with Alagille syndrome, in three separate families with a clinical diagnosis of ARA/ARS highlights the overlapping features and high variability of these two phenotypes. Finally, intragenic variants in CDK13, BCOR, and an X chromosome deletion encompassing HCCS and AMELX (linked with ocular and dental anomalies, correspondingly) were identified in three additional cases with ARS. Accurate diagnosis has important implications for clinical management. We suggest that broad testing such as exome sequencing be applied as a second-tier test for individuals with ARS with normal results for PITX2/FOXC1 sequencing and copy number analysis, with attention to the described genes/regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M. Reis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (L.M.R.); (S.A.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - David J. Amor
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Raad A. Haddad
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Catherine B. Nowak
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Kim M. Keppler-Noreuil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA;
| | - Smith Ann Chisholm
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (L.M.R.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Elena V. Semina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (L.M.R.); (S.A.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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6
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Yamashita T, Hotta J, Jogu Y, Sakai E, Ono C, Bamba H, Suzuki H, Yamada M, Takenouchi T, Kosaki K, Yorifuji T, Hamazaki T, Seto T. Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome caused by a novel BCOR variant. Hum Genome Var 2023; 10:18. [PMID: 37308473 PMCID: PMC10261115 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-023-00244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome is caused by variants in the BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) gene. We identified a novel heterozygous frameshift variant, NM_001123385.2(BCOR):c.2326del, that arose de novo in a Japanese girl with characteristic facial features, congenital heart disease, bilateral syndactyly of toes 2 and 3, congenital cataracts, dental abnormalities, and mild intellectual disability. Reports of BCOR variants are rare, and further case accumulation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Yamashita
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junko Hotta
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Jogu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eri Sakai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chie Ono
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruka Bamba
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisato Suzuki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamiko Yamada
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takenouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Yorifuji
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Hamazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Seto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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7
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Puigdevall P, Jerber J, Danecek P, Castellano S, Kilpinen H. Somatic mutations alter the differentiation outcomes of iPSC-derived neurons. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100280. [PMID: 37082143 PMCID: PMC10112289 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) as models for development and human disease has enabled the study of otherwise inaccessible tissues. A remaining challenge in developing reliable models is our limited understanding of the factors driving irregular differentiation of iPSCs, particularly the impact of acquired somatic mutations. We leveraged data from a pooled dopaminergic neuron differentiation experiment of 238 iPSC lines profiled with single-cell RNA and whole-exome sequencing to study how somatic mutations affect differentiation outcomes. We found that deleterious somatic mutations in key developmental genes, notably the BCOR gene, are strongly associated with failure in dopaminergic neuron differentiation and a larger proliferation rate in culture. We further identified broad differences in cell type composition between incorrectly and successfully differentiating lines, as well as significant changes in gene expression contributing to the inhibition of neurogenesis. Our work calls for caution in interpreting differentiation-related phenotypes in disease-modeling experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Puigdevall
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, PO Box 63, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Julie Jerber
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Petr Danecek
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sergi Castellano
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Helena Kilpinen
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, PO Box 63, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, PO Box 65, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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8
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Zhang H, Gong X, Xu X, Wang X, Sun Y. Tooth number abnormality: from bench to bedside. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:5. [PMID: 36604408 PMCID: PMC9816303 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth number abnormality is one of the most common dental developmental diseases, which includes both tooth agenesis and supernumerary teeth. Tooth development is regulated by numerous developmental signals, such as the well-known Wnt, BMP, FGF, Shh and Eda pathways, which mediate the ongoing complex interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme. Abnormal expression of these crutial signalling during this process may eventually lead to the development of anomalies in tooth number; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we summarized the major process of tooth development, the latest progress of mechanism studies and newly reported clinical investigations of tooth number abnormality. In addition, potential treatment approaches for tooth number abnormality based on developmental biology are also discussed. This review not only provides a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of tooth number abnormality in clinical practice but also facilitates the translation of basic research to the clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyan Gong
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Xu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- grid.64939.310000 0000 9999 1211Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Mezad-Koursh D, Rosenfeld E, Bachar Zipori A, Zur D, Elhanan E, Ben-Shachar S. A rare genotype of biallelic mosaic variants in BCOR gene causing a bilateral ocular anterior segment dysgenesis and cataracts. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:125-127. [PMID: 36261622 PMCID: PMC9822961 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oculofaciocardiodental (OFCD) syndrome is a rare X-linked dominant syndrome characterized by the involvement of the eyes, face, teeth, and heart with variable expressivity. The syndrome is caused by loss-of-function variants in the BCOR gene located on the X chromosome. OFCD affects only females with presumed embryonic lethality among males. We report a first case of a female with biallelic mosaic variants in BCOR gene, leading to a severe ocular phenotype including anterior segment dysgenesis, cataracts, and retinal involvement. The unique condition of biallelic mosaic loss-of-function mutations leads to a variable expression of an allele with the pathogenic variant, independent of the X-Inactivation pattern. This novel mechanism of co-existent biallelic mosaicism should be suspected in unexplained severe cases of OFCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphna Mezad-Koursh
- Ophthalmology department, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sackler faculty of medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | | | - Anat Bachar Zipori
- Ophthalmology department, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler faculty of medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dinah Zur
- Ophthalmology department, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler faculty of medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Emil Elhanan
- Sackler faculty of medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Genetics Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shay Ben-Shachar
- Sackler faculty of medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Clalit Research Institute, Ramat Gan, Israel
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10
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BCOR variants are associated with X-linked recessive partial epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2022; 187:107036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.107036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Langouët M, Jolicoeur C, Javed A, Mattar P, Gearhart MD, Daiger SP, Bertelsen M, Tranebjærg L, Rendtorff ND, Grønskov K, Jespersgaard C, Chen R, Sun Z, Li H, Alirezaie N, Majewski J, Bardwell VJ, Sui R, Koenekoop RK, Cayouette M. Mutations in BCOR, a co-repressor of CRX/OTX2, are associated with early-onset retinal degeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabh2868. [PMID: 36070393 PMCID: PMC9451151 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many transcription factors regulating the production, survival, and function of photoreceptor cells have been identified, but little is known about transcriptional co-regulators in retinal health and disease. Here, we show that BCL6 co-repressor (BCOR), a Polycomb repressive complex 1 factor mutated in various cancers, is involved in photoreceptor degenerative diseases. Using proteomics and transcription assays, we report that BCOR interacts with the transcription factors CRX and OTX2 and reduces their ability to activate the promoters of photoreceptor-specific genes. CUT&RUN sequencing further shows that BCOR shares genome-wide binding profiles with CRX/OTX2, consistent with a general co-repression activity. We also identify missense mutations in human BCOR in five families that have no evidence of cancer but present severe early-onset X-linked retinal degeneration. Last, we show that the human BCOR mutants cause degeneration when expressed in the mouse retina and have enhanced repressive activity on OTX2. These results uncover a role for BCOR in photoreceptors in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maéva Langouët
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Christine Jolicoeur
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Awais Javed
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Pierre Mattar
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Micah D. Gearhart
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Development Biology Center, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stephen P. Daiger
- EHGED Department, Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas HSC, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mette Bertelsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, The Kennedy Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, The Kennedy Centre, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Tranebjærg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, The Kennedy Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna D. Rendtorff
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, The Kennedy Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, The Kennedy Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catherine Jespersgaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, The Kennedy Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zixi Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Najmeh Alirezaie
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vivian J. Bardwell
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Development Biology Center, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ruifang Sui
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Robert K. Koenekoop
- Departments of Pediatric Surgery, Human Genetics, Adult Ophthalmology and the McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Cayouette
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Min Soe K, Ogawa T, Moriyama K. Molecular mechanism of hyperactive tooth root formation in oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:946282. [PMID: 35957990 PMCID: PMC9359619 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.946282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) interacting corepressor (BCOR) cause oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome, a rare X-linked dominant condition that includes dental radiculomegaly among other characteristics. BCOR regulates downstream genes via BCL6 as a transcriptional corepressor. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the occurrence of radiculomegaly is still unknown. Thus, this study was aimed at identifying BCOR-regulated genetic pathways in radiculomegaly. The microarray profile of affected tissues revealed that the gene-specific transcriptional factors group, wherein nucleus factor 1B, distal-less homeobox 5, and zinc finger protein multitype 2 (ZFPM2) were the most upregulated, was significantly expressed in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells of the diseased patient with a frameshift mutation (c.3668delC) in BCOR. Wild-type BCOR overexpression in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts cells significantly hampered cellular proliferation and ZFPM2 mRNA downregulation. Promoter binding assays showed that wild-type BCOR was recruited in the BCL6 binding of the ZFPM2 promoter region after immunoprecipitation, while mutant BCOR, which was the same genotype as of our patient, failed to recruit these promoter regions. Knockdown of ZFPM2 expression in mutant PDL cells significantly reduced cellular proliferation as well as mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase, an important marker of odontoblasts and cementoblasts. Collectively, our findings suggest that BCOR mutation-induced ZFPM2 regulation via BCL6 possibly contributes to hyperactive root formation in OFCD syndrome. Clinical data from patients with rare genetic diseases may aid in furthering the understanding of the mechanism controlling the final root length.
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13
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Non-Invasive Detection of a De Novo Frameshift Variant of STAG2 in a Female Fetus: Escape Genes Influence the Manifestation of X-Linked Diseases in Females. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144182. [PMID: 35887945 PMCID: PMC9323000 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We report on a 20-week-old female fetus with a diaphragmatic hernia and other malformations, all of which appeared after the first-trimester ultrasound. Methods and Results: Whole trio exome sequencing (WES) on cell-free fetal DNA (cff-DNA) revealed a de novo frameshift variant of the X-linked STAG2 gene. Loss-of-function (LoF) STAG2 variants cause either holoprosencephaly (HPE) or Mullegama–Klein–Martinez syndrome (MKMS), are de novo, and only affect females, indicating male lethality. In contrast, missense mutations associate with milder forms of MKMS and follow the classic X-linked recessive inheritance transmitted from healthy mothers to male offspring. STAG2 has been reported to escape X-inactivation, suggesting that disease onset in LoF females is dependent on inadequate dosing for at least some of the transcripts, as is the case with a part of the autosomal dominant diseases. Missense STAG2 variants produce a quantity of transcripts, which, while resulting in a different protein, leads to disease only in hemizygous males. Similar inheritance patterns are described for other escapee genes. Conclusions: This study confirms the advantage of WES on cff-DNA and emphasizes the role of the type of the variant in X-linked disorders.
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14
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Zhuang J, Chen C, Chen Y, Zeng S, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Xie Y, Wang G. Case Report: Prenatal Diagnosis of a Novel Variant c.251dupT (p.N87Kfs*6) in BCOR Resulting in Oculofaciocardiodental Syndrome Using Whole-Exome Sequencing. Front Genet 2022; 13:829613. [PMID: 35401667 PMCID: PMC8990034 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.829613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oculofaciocardiodental (OFCD) syndrome is an X-linked dominant syndrome caused by BCOR variants, which manifests only in females and presumed leading to male lethality. Herein, we aim to present a prenatal diagnosis for OFCD syndrome associated with a novel hemizygous variant in BCOR gene. Case presentation: A 29-year-old pregnant woman from Quanzhou Fujian Province, China, with fetal ultrasound anomalies, was enrolled in this study. A normal 46, XY karyotype with no abnormalities was observed in the fetus detected on microarray. Furthermore, a whole-exome sequencing (WES) detection result demonstrated that a novel hemizygous variant of c.251dupT (p.N87Kfs*6) in the BCOR gene was identified in the fetus, which was a frameshift mutation and classified as a likely pathogenic variant, and may lead to OFCD syndrome according to the clinical feature of the fetus. In this case, male lethality had not occurred by the end of the second trimester, then termination of the pregnancy was conducted at a gestational age of 26 weeks. Sanger sequencing of parental samples revealed that the variant was maternally transmitted, which was consistent with the OFCD syndrome phenotypic features observed in her. Conclusions: In the study, we first present the affected male with a novel variant in BCOR that leads to the OFCD syndrome. Additionally, our study broadened the spectrum of BCOR results in the OFCD syndrome and provided the valuable references for prenatal genetic consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Zhuang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chunnuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yu’e Chen
- Ultrasonography, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Zeng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuanbai Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xinying Chen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Gaoxiong Wang, ; Yingjun Xie,
| | - Gaoxiong Wang
- Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Gaoxiong Wang, ; Yingjun Xie,
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15
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Li D, March ME, Wang T, Merengwa V, Sertori Finoti L, Schrier Vergano SA, Hakonarson H, Bhoj EJ. Exome and RNA-Seq analyses of an incomplete penetrance variant in USP9X in female-specific syndromic intellectual disability. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1808-1814. [PMID: 35253988 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in USP9X, on X chromosome, have been implicated in syndromic intellectual disability (ID) in both males and females with distinct craniofacial features. We report a truncating variant, c.885_889delAAAAG, p.(Lys296Serfs*4), in the USP9X gene with incomplete penetrance in two nontwin female siblings with phenotypic resemblance to female-specific syndromic ID (MIM 300969, also known as MRX99F). To investigate the possible genetic etiology of the reduced penetrance, X-inactivation, RNA-Seq, and full quad exome analyses were attempted, but failed to identify a promising candidate modifier. While the penetrance of pathogenic variants in USP9X in female appears to be high (95%) and the variants frequently occur de novo, incomplete penetrance should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael E March
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Victoria Merengwa
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Livia Sertori Finoti
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samantha A Schrier Vergano
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Bhoj
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Disatham J, Brennan L, Jiao X, Ma Z, Hejtmancik JF, Kantorow M. Changes in DNA methylation hallmark alterations in chromatin accessibility and gene expression for eye lens differentiation. Epigenetics Chromatin 2022; 15:8. [PMID: 35246225 PMCID: PMC8897925 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-022-00440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methylation at cytosines (mCG) is a well-known regulator of gene expression, but its requirements for cellular differentiation have yet to be fully elucidated. A well-studied cellular differentiation model system is the eye lens, consisting of a single anterior layer of epithelial cells that migrate laterally and differentiate into a core of fiber cells. Here, we explore the genome-wide relationships between mCG methylation, chromatin accessibility and gene expression during differentiation of eye lens epithelial cells into fiber cells. Results Whole genome bisulfite sequencing identified 7621 genomic loci exhibiting significant differences in mCG levels between lens epithelial and fiber cells. Changes in mCG levels were inversely correlated with the differentiation state-specific expression of 1285 genes preferentially expressed in either lens fiber or lens epithelial cells (Pearson correlation r = − 0.37, p < 1 × 10–42). mCG levels were inversely correlated with chromatin accessibility determined by assay for transposase-accessible sequencing (ATAC-seq) (Pearson correlation r = − 0.86, p < 1 × 10–300). Many of the genes exhibiting altered regions of DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility and gene expression levels in fiber cells relative to epithelial cells are associated with lens fiber cell structure, homeostasis and transparency. These include lens crystallins (CRYBA4, CRYBB1, CRYGN, CRYBB2), lens beaded filament proteins (BFSP1, BFSP2), transcription factors (HSF4, SOX2, HIF1A), and Notch signaling pathway members (NOTCH1, NOTCH2, HEY1, HES5). Analysis of regions exhibiting cell-type specific alterations in DNA methylation revealed an overrepresentation of consensus sequences of multiple transcription factors known to play key roles in lens cell differentiation including HIF1A, SOX2, and the MAF family of transcription factors. Conclusions Collectively, these results link DNA methylation with control of chromatin accessibility and gene expression changes required for eye lens differentiation. The results also point to a role for DNA methylation in the regulation of transcription factors previously identified to be important for lens cell differentiation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13072-022-00440-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Disatham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Lisa Brennan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Xiaodong Jiao
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhiwei Ma
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc Kantorow
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
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17
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Hu Q, Mai J, Xiang Q, Zhou B, Liu S, Wang J. A novel deletion mutation in the BCOR gene is associated with oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome: a case report. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:82. [PMID: 35130870 PMCID: PMC8819928 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome is a rare X-linked dominant syndrome, characterized by radiculomegaly, congenital cataracts, dysmorphic facial features, and congenital heart disease. Because of the rarity, this syndrome could be misdiagnosed by the clinician, especially for the infant who may present only one to two systems involved. Case presentation Here we report a 3-month-old female infant presenting with typical clinical manifestations of oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome, like ocular, facial, cardiac, and skeletal abnormalities, and the genetic analyses of the proband and her parents were provided. Genetic evaluations were completed using whole exon sequencing, which revealed a novel heterozygous mutation between exons 7 and 14 of the BCOR gene(OMIM:300485) in this patient but not in her parents. This mutation is likely to encode a premature stop codon producing a truncated protein. Our patient was diagnosed early enough to allow for the cardiac defects to be treated first, and she will be closely followed up to ensure that any new presentations are treated in a timeous manner. Conclusion This patient fits the diagnostic criteria for oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome and is the youngest oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome patient ever reported, which is most important for her prognosis. In addition, this manuscript also describes a novel potenitally causative mutation for this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Centre for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jingqun Mai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, WH, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, WH, China
| | - Qinqin Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, WH, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, WH, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Centre for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shanling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, WH, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, WH, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, WH, China. .,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, WH, China.
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18
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Archer NE, Mercer L, Goobie S, Velsher L, Colaiacovo S, Prasad C. X-linked BCOR-related syndrome in two male siblings. Clin Dysmorphol 2021; 30:104-109. [PMID: 33229924 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Archer
- Department of Paediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London
| | - Leanne Mercer
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre Genetics Program, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, Ontario
| | - Sharan Goobie
- Maritime Medical Genetic Service, Department of Pediatrics, Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Lea Velsher
- Division of Clinical Genetics, North York General Hospital, North York
| | - Samantha Colaiacovo
- Medical Genetics Program of Southwestern Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London
| | - Chitra Prasad
- Department of Paediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London.,Medical Genetics Program of Southwestern Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Zha C, Farah CA, Holt RJ, Ceroni F, Al-Abdi L, Thuriot F, Khan AO, Helaby R, Lévesque S, Alkuraya FS, Kraus A, Ragge NK, Sossin WS. Biallelic variants in the small optic lobe calpain CAPN15 are associated with congenital eye anomalies, deafness and other neurodevelopmental deficits. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:3054-3063. [PMID: 32885237 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microphthalmia, coloboma and cataract are part of a spectrum of developmental eye disorders in humans affecting ~12 per 100 000 live births. Currently, variants in over 100 genes are known to underlie these conditions. However, at least 40% of affected individuals remain without a clinical genetic diagnosis, suggesting variants in additional genes may be responsible. Calpain 15 (CAPN15) is an intracellular cysteine protease belonging to the non-classical small optic lobe (SOL) family of calpains, an important class of developmental proteins, as yet uncharacterized in vertebrates. We identified five individuals with microphthalmia and/or coloboma from four independent families carrying homozygous or compound heterozygous predicted damaging variants in CAPN15. Several individuals had additional phenotypes including growth deficits, developmental delay and hearing loss. We generated Capn15 knockout mice that exhibited similar severe developmental eye defects, including anophthalmia, microphthalmia and cataract, and diminished growth. We demonstrate widespread Capn15 expression throughout the brain and central nervous system, strongest during early development, and decreasing postnatally. Together, these findings demonstrate a critical role of CAPN15 in vertebrate developmental eye disorders, and may signify a new developmental pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyao Zha
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Carole A Farah
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Richard J Holt
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Fabiola Ceroni
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Lama Al-Abdi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fanny Thuriot
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Arif O Khan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia.,Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Rana Helaby
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sébastien Lévesque
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alison Kraus
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Nicola K Ragge
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.,Department of Clinical Genetics, West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Wayne S Sossin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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20
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Schwaibold EMC, Brugger M, Wagner M. A C-terminal BCOR nonsense variant in a male patient expands the phenotypic spectrum of BCOR-associated syndromic microphthalmia. Clin Genet 2021; 100:489-490. [PMID: 34313322 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Brugger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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21
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Rechsteiner D, Issler L, Koller S, Lang E, Bähr L, Feil S, Rüegger CM, Kottke R, Toelle SP, Zweifel N, Steindl K, Joset P, Zweier M, Suter AA, Gogoll L, Haas C, Berger W, Gerth-Kahlert C. Genetic Analysis in a Swiss Cohort of Bilateral Congenital Cataract. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021; 139:691-700. [PMID: 34014271 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Importance Identification of geographic population-based differences in genotype and phenotype heterogeneity are important for targeted and patient-specific diagnosis and treatment, counseling, and screening strategies. Objective To report disease-causing variants and their detailed phenotype in patients with bilateral congenital cataract from a single center in Switzerland and thereby draw a genetic map and perform a genotype-phenotype comparison of this cohort. Design, Setting, and Participants This clinical and molecular-genetic cohort study took place through the collaboration of the Department of Ophthalmology at the University Hospital Zurich and the Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Thirty-seven patients from 25 families with different types of bilateral congenital cataract were included. All participating family members received a comprehensive eye examination. Whole exome sequencing was performed in the index patients, followed by a filtering process to detect possible disease-associated variants in genes previously described in association with congenital cataract. Probable disease-causing variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing in available family members. All data were collected from January 2018 to June 2020, and the molecular-genetic analyses were performed from January 2019 to July 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures Identification of the underlying genetic causes of bilateral congenital cataract, including novel disease-causing variants and phenotype correlation. Results Among the 37 patients (18 [49%] male and 19 [51%] female; mean [SD] age, 17.3 [15.9] years) from 25 families, pathogenic variants were detected in 20 families (80% detection rate), which included 13 novel variants in the following genes: BCOR, COL4A1, CRYBA2, CRYBB2, CRYGC, CRYGS, GJA3, MAF, NHS, and WFS1. Putative disease-causing variants were identified in 14 of 20 families (70%) as isolated cases and in 6 of 20 families (30%) with syndromic cases. A recessive variant in the CRYBB2 gene in a consanguineous family with 2 affected siblings showing a nuclear and sutural cataract was reported in contrast to previously published reports. In addition, the effect on splicing in a minigene assay of a novel splice site variant in the NHS gene (c.[719-2A>G]) supported the pathogenicity of this variant. Conclusions and Relevance This study emphasizes the importance of genetic testing of congenital cataracts. Known dominant genes need to be considered for recessive inheritance patterns. Syndromic types of cataract may be underdiagnosed in patients with mild systemic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Rechsteiner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Lydia Issler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Elena Lang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Luzy Bähr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Silke Feil
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christoph M Rüegger
- Newborn Research, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raimund Kottke
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra P Toelle
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noëmi Zweifel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Joset
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Zweier
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aude-Annick Suter
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Gogoll
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cordula Haas
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Gerth-Kahlert
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Basinski BW, Balikov DA, Aksu M, Li Q, Rao RC. Ubiquitous Chromatin Modifiers in Congenital Retinal Diseases: Implications for Disease Modeling and Regenerative Medicine. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:365-378. [PMID: 33573910 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Retinal congenital malformations known as microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma (MAC) are associated with alterations in genes encoding epigenetic proteins that modify chromatin. We review newly discovered functions of such chromatin modifiers in retinal development and discuss the role of epigenetics in MAC in humans and animal models. Further, we highlight how advances in epigenomic technologies provide foundational and regenerative medicine-related insights into blinding disorders. Combining knowledge of epigenetics and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is a promising avenue because epigenetic factors cooperate with eye field transcription factors (EFTFs) to direct PSC fate - a foundation for congenital retinal disease modeling and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Basinski
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel A Balikov
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Aksu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rajesh C Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Section of Ophthalmology, Surgery Service, Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthsystem, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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23
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Harding P, Cunha DL, Moosajee M. Animal and cellular models of microphthalmia. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN RARE DISEASE 2021; 2:2633004021997447. [PMID: 37181112 PMCID: PMC10032472 DOI: 10.1177/2633004021997447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microphthalmia is a rare developmental eye disorder affecting 1 in 7000 births. It is defined as a small (axial length ⩾2 standard deviations below the age-adjusted mean) underdeveloped eye, caused by disruption of ocular development through genetic or environmental factors in the first trimester of pregnancy. Clinical phenotypic heterogeneity exists amongst patients with varying levels of severity, and associated ocular and systemic features. Up to 11% of blind children are reported to have microphthalmia, yet currently no treatments are available. By identifying the aetiology of microphthalmia and understanding how the mechanisms of eye development are disrupted, we can gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis. Animal models, mainly mouse, zebrafish and Xenopus, have provided extensive information on the genetic regulation of oculogenesis, and how perturbation of these pathways leads to microphthalmia. However, differences exist between species, hence cellular models, such as patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) optic vesicles, are now being used to provide greater insights into the human disease process. Progress in 3D cellular modelling techniques has enhanced the ability of researchers to study interactions of different cell types during eye development. Through improved molecular knowledge of microphthalmia, preventative or postnatal therapies may be developed, together with establishing genotype-phenotype correlations in order to provide patients with the appropriate prognosis, multidisciplinary care and informed genetic counselling. This review summarises some key discoveries from animal and cellular models of microphthalmia and discusses how innovative new models can be used to further our understanding in the future. Plain language summary Animal and Cellular Models of the Eye Disorder, Microphthalmia (Small Eye) Microphthalmia, meaning a small, underdeveloped eye, is a rare disorder that children are born with. Genetic changes or variations in the environment during the first 3 months of pregnancy can disrupt early development of the eye, resulting in microphthalmia. Up to 11% of blind children have microphthalmia, yet currently no treatments are available. By understanding the genes necessary for eye development, we can determine how disruption by genetic changes or environmental factors can cause this condition. This helps us understand why microphthalmia occurs, and ensure patients are provided with the appropriate clinical care and genetic counselling advice. Additionally, by understanding the causes of microphthalmia, researchers can develop treatments to prevent or reduce the severity of this condition. Animal models, particularly mice, zebrafish and frogs, which can also develop small eyes due to the same genetic/environmental changes, have helped us understand the genes which are important for eye development and can cause birth eye defects when disrupted. Studying a patient's own cells grown in the laboratory can further help researchers understand how changes in genes affect their function. Both animal and cellular models can be used to develop and test new drugs, which could provide treatment options for patients living with microphthalmia. This review summarises the key discoveries from animal and cellular models of microphthalmia and discusses how innovative new models can be used to further our understanding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariya Moosajee
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath
Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust,
London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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24
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Bremond-Gignac D, Daruich A, Robert MP, Valleix S. Recent developments in the management of congenital cataract. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1545. [PMID: 33313290 PMCID: PMC7729375 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Congenital cataract is a rare eye disease, one of the leading treatable causes of low vision in children worldwide. Hereditary cataracts can be divided in syndromic and non-syndromic cataracts. Early diagnosis in congenital cataracts is key to reach good visual function. Current surgical techniques, that combine microincision cataract extraction and primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, have improved childhood cataract outcome. Complications include posterior capsule opacification (PCO), aphakic or pseudophakic glaucoma, uveitis, pupil displacement and IOL decentration. A recent study using a modified Delphi approach identified areas of consensus and disagreement in the management of pediatric cataract. A consensus or near consensus was achieved for 79% of the questions, however 21% of the questions remained controversial, as for IOL implantation strategy. Congenital cataracts show a highly variable phenotype and genotype, and can be related to different mutations, genetic variance, and other risk factors. Congenital cataracts can be associated with other ocular developmental abnormalities, including microphthalmia, microcornea, or aniridia and with systemic findings. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and forthcoming new ultra-high-throughput sequencing represent excellent tools to investigate the genetic causes of congenital cataracts. A better recognition of different clinical presentations and underlying etiologies of congenital cataracts may lead to the development of new approaches to improve visual outcome after cataract surgery and promote early detection of systemic associated syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Bremond-Gignac
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France.,INSERM UMRS 1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Alejandra Daruich
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France.,INSERM UMRS 1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu P Robert
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France.,Borelli Centre, UMR 9010 CNRS-SSA-ENS Paris Saclay-Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Valleix
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Molecular Genetics, University Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, OPHTARA Center, Paris, France
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25
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Cinnirella G, Taylor RL, Coco C, Piludu F, Vidiri A, Sinibaldi L, Kornak U, Black G, Brancati F. Craniosynostosis-microphthalmia syndrome belongs to the spectrum of BCOR-related disorders. Clin Genet 2020; 98:413-415. [PMID: 32748437 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Craniosynostosis-microphthalmia linked to BCOR haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Cinnirella
- Medical Genetics Residency Program, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rachel L Taylor
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicines and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Claudio Coco
- Altamedica Fetal-Maternal Medical Center, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Sinibaldi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Institut fuer Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Graeme Black
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicines and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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26
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Wong SJ, Senkovich O, Artigas JA, Gearhart MD, Ilangovan U, Graham DW, Abel KN, Yu T, Hinck AP, Bardwell VJ, Kim CA. Structure and Role of BCOR PUFD in Noncanonical PRC1 Assembly and Disease. Biochemistry 2020; 59:2718-2728. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Wong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, MSC 7760, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3990, United States
| | - Olga Senkovich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Midwestern University, 19555 North 59th Avenue, Glendale, Arizona 85308, United States
| | - Jason A. Artigas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Midwestern University, 19555 North 59th Avenue, Glendale, Arizona 85308, United States
| | - Micah D. Gearhart
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Masonic Cancer Center and Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Udayar Ilangovan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, MSC 7760, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3990, United States
| | - David W. Graham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Midwestern University, 19555 North 59th Avenue, Glendale, Arizona 85308, United States
| | - Kelsey N. Abel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Midwestern University, 19555 North 59th Avenue, Glendale, Arizona 85308, United States
| | - Tianrong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Midwestern University, 19555 North 59th Avenue, Glendale, Arizona 85308, United States
| | - Andrew P. Hinck
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Vivian J. Bardwell
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Masonic Cancer Center and Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Chongwoo A. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Midwestern University, 19555 North 59th Avenue, Glendale, Arizona 85308, United States
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27
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Two Cases of Oculofaciocardiodental (OFCD) Syndrome due to X-Linked BCOR Mutations Presenting with Infantile Hemangiomas: Phenotypic Overlap with PHACE Syndrome. Case Rep Genet 2020; 2019:9382640. [PMID: 31956451 PMCID: PMC6949664 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9382640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oculofaciocardiodental (OFCD) syndrome is due to mutations in BCOR (BCL-6 corepressor). OFCD has phenotypic overlaps with PHACE syndrome (Posterior fossa anomalies, Hemangioma, Arterial anomalies, Cardiac defects, Eye anomalies). Infantile hemangiomas are a key diagnostic criterion for PHACE, but not for OFCD. A previous study reported two cases of infantile hemangiomas in OFCD, but the authors could not exclude chance association. Case Presentation We describe two novel cases of female patients (one initially diagnosed with PHACE syndrome), both of whom had infantile hemangiomas. Ophthalmological findings were consistent with oculofaciocardiodental (OFCD) syndrome. Upon genetic testing, these two females were determined to have X-linked BCOR mutations confirming OFCD syndrome diagnoses. Conclusion These case reports add support to the hypothesis that infantile hemangiomas may be a feature of OFCD. BCOR may potentially be within a pathway of genes involved in PHACE syndrome and/or in infantile hemangioma formation.
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28
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Harding P, Moosajee M. The Molecular Basis of Human Anophthalmia and Microphthalmia. J Dev Biol 2019; 7:jdb7030016. [PMID: 31416264 PMCID: PMC6787759 DOI: 10.3390/jdb7030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human eye development is coordinated through an extensive network of genetic signalling pathways. Disruption of key regulatory genes in the early stages of eye development can result in aborted eye formation, resulting in an absent eye (anophthalmia) or a small underdeveloped eye (microphthalmia) phenotype. Anophthalmia and microphthalmia (AM) are part of the same clinical spectrum and have high genetic heterogeneity, with >90 identified associated genes. By understanding the roles of these genes in development, including their temporal expression, the phenotypic variation associated with AM can be better understood, improving diagnosis and management. This review describes the genetic and structural basis of eye development, focusing on the function of key genes known to be associated with AM. In addition, we highlight some promising avenues of research involving multiomic approaches and disease modelling with induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, which will aid in developing novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK.
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK.
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29
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Slavotinek A. Genetics of anophthalmia and microphthalmia. Part 2: Syndromes associated with anophthalmia-microphthalmia. Hum Genet 2018; 138:831-846. [PMID: 30374660 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As new genes for A/M are identified in the genomic era, the number of syndromes associated with A/M has greatly expanded. In this review, we provide a brief synopsis of the clinical presentation and molecular genetic etiology of previously characterized pathways involved in A/M, including the Sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), Orthodenticle Homeobox 2 (OTX2) and Paired box protein-6 (PAX6) genes, and the Stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6 homolog (STRA6), Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family Member A3 (ALDH1A3), and RA Receptor Beta (RARβ) genes that are involved in retinoic acid synthesis. Less common genetic causes of A/M, including genes involved in BMP signaling [Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4), Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 (BMP7) and SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1)], genes involved in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex [Holocytochrome c-type synthase (HCCS), Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 7B (COX7B), and NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase subunit B11 (NDUFB11)], the BCL-6 corepressor gene (BCOR), Yes-Associated Protein 1 (YAP1) and Transcription Factor AP-2 Alpha (TFAP2α), are more briefly discussed. We also review several recently described genes and pathways associated with A/M, including Smoothened (SMO) that is involved in Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling, Structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain containing 1 (SMCHD1) and Solute carrier family 25 member 24 (SLC25A24), emphasizing phenotype-genotype correlations and shared pathways where relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Slavotinek
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco Room RH384C, 1550 4th St, San Francisco, CA, 94143-2711, USA.
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