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Cui Y, Rolova T, Fagerholm SC. The role of integrins in brain health and neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151441. [PMID: 39002282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric membrane proteins expressed on the surface of most cells. They mediate adhesion and signaling processes relevant for a wealth of physiological processes, including nervous system development and function. Interestingly, integrins are also recognized therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. Here, we discuss the role of integrins in brain development and function, as well as in neurodegenerative diseases affecting the brain (Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke). Furthermore, we discuss therapeutic targeting of these adhesion receptors in inflammatory diseases of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Cui
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Taisia Rolova
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Susanna C Fagerholm
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland.
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2
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Nishitsuji K, Ikezaki M, Manabe S, Ihara Y. Functions of Protein <i>C</i>-Mannosylation in Physiology and Pathology. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2023. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2218.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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3
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Nishitsuji K, Ikezaki M, Manabe S, Ihara Y. Functions of Protein <i>C</i>-Mannosylation in Physiology and Pathology. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2023. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2218.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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4
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Lemarchant S, Sourioux M, Le Douce J, Henriques A, Callizot N, Hugues S, Farinelli M, Godfrin Y. NX210c Peptide Promotes Glutamatergic Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Transmission and Signaling in the Mouse Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8867. [PMID: 36012124 PMCID: PMC9408760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
NX210c is a disease-modifying dodecapeptide derived from the subcommissural organ-spondin that is under preclinical and clinical development for the treatment of neurological disorders. Here, using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we demonstrate that NX210c increased α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)- and GluN2A-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (GluN2A-NMDAR)-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents in the brain. Accordingly, using extracellular field excitatory postsynaptic potential recordings, an enhancement of synaptic transmission was shown in the presence of NX210c in two different neuronal circuits. Furthermore, the modulation of synaptic transmission and GluN2A-NMDAR-driven signaling by NX210c restored memory in mice chronically treated with the NMDAR antagonist phencyclidine. Overall, by promoting glutamatergic receptor-related neurotransmission and signaling, NX210c represents an innovative therapeutic opportunity for patients suffering from CNS disorders, injuries, and states with crippling synaptic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Noëlle Callizot
- Neuro-Sys, 410 Chemin Départemental 60, 13120 Gardanne, France
| | - Sandrine Hugues
- E-Phy-Science, Bioparc, 2400 Routes de Colles, Sophia Antipolis, 06410 Biot, France
| | - Mélissa Farinelli
- E-Phy-Science, Bioparc, 2400 Routes de Colles, Sophia Antipolis, 06410 Biot, France
| | - Yann Godfrin
- Axoltis Pharma, 60 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
- Godfrin Life-Sciences, 8 Impasse de la Source, 69300 Caluire-et-Cuire, France
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5
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Yang L, Zhu J, Yang L, Gan Y, Hu D, Zhao J, Zhao Y. SCO-spondin-derived peptide NX210 rescues neurons from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through modulating the Integrin-β1 mediated PI3K/Akt pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109079. [PMID: 35930911 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a common condition with high morbidity and mortality, causing irreversible neuronal damage and seriously affecting neurological function. There has been no ideal effective treatment so far. The NX210 peptide is derived from the thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR) sequence of SCO-spondin, and has been reported to exert various neurogenic properties. This study investigated whether NX210 had therapeutic effects and possible underlying mechanisms against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Therefore, primary embryonic rat cortical neurons and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats that were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injuries, respectively, were treated with or without NX210. We found that NX210 reduced OGD/R-induced cell viability loss and cytotoxicity. NX210 decreased cerebral infarct volume and brain edema, ameliorated neurological dysfunction, attenuated oxidative stress damage, and diminished neuronal apoptosis in MCAO/R rats. Furthermore, western blot analysis shown that treatment with NX210 up-regulated the expression of Integrin-β1, phosphorylated-PI3K (p-PI3K) and phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt). The Integrin-β1 specific inhibitor, ATN-161, was used to identify pathways involved. The anti-oxidation activities and anti-apoptosis of NX210 was reversed by treatment with ATN-161. Overall, our results indicated that NX210 prevents oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in cerebral I/R via upregulation of the Integrin-β1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These results indicated that NX210 may be a promising therapeutic candidate for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yunhao Gan
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Di Hu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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6
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Sepúlveda V, Maurelia F, González M, Aguayo J, Caprile T. SCO-spondin, a giant matricellular protein that regulates cerebrospinal fluid activity. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:45. [PMID: 34600566 PMCID: PMC8487547 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear fluid that occupies the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces within and around the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid is a dynamic signaling milieu that transports nutrients, waste materials and neuroactive substances that are crucial for the development, homeostasis and functionality of the central nervous system. The mechanisms that enable cerebrospinal fluid to simultaneously exert these homeostatic/dynamic functions are not fully understood. SCO-spondin is a large glycoprotein secreted since the early stages of development into the cerebrospinal fluid. Its domain architecture resembles a combination of a matricellular protein and the ligand-binding region of LDL receptor family. The matricellular proteins are a group of extracellular proteins with the capacity to interact with different molecules, such as growth factors, cytokines and cellular receptors; enabling the integration of information to modulate various physiological and pathological processes. In the same way, the LDL receptor family interacts with many ligands, including β-amyloid peptide and different growth factors. The domains similarity suggests that SCO-spondin is a matricellular protein enabled to bind, modulate, and transport different cerebrospinal fluid molecules. SCO-spondin can be found soluble or polymerized into a dynamic threadlike structure called the Reissner fiber, which extends from the diencephalon to the caudal tip of the spinal cord. Reissner fiber continuously moves caudally as new SCO-spondin molecules are added at the cephalic end and are disaggregated at the caudal end. This movement, like a conveyor belt, allows the transport of the bound molecules, thereby increasing their lifespan and action radius. The binding of SCO-spondin to some relevant molecules has already been reported; however, in this review we suggest more than 30 possible binding partners, including peptide β-amyloid and several growth factors. This new perspective characterizes SCO-spondin as a regulator of cerebrospinal fluid activity, explaining its high evolutionary conservation, its apparent multifunctionality, and the lethality or severe malformations, such as hydrocephalus and curved body axis, of knockout embryos. Understanding the regulation and identifying binding partners of SCO-spondin are crucial for better comprehension of cerebrospinal fluid physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Felipe Maurelia
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Maryori González
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jaime Aguayo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Teresa Caprile
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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7
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Minakata S, Manabe S, Inai Y, Ikezaki M, Nishitsuji K, Ito Y, Ihara Y. Protein C-Mannosylation and C-Mannosyl Tryptophan in Chemical Biology and Medicine. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175258. [PMID: 34500691 PMCID: PMC8433626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
C-Mannosylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Monomeric α-mannose is attached to specific Trp residues at the first Trp in the Trp-x-x-Trp/Cys (W-x-x-W/C) motif of substrate proteins, by the action of C-mannosyltransferases, DPY19-related gene products. The acceptor substrate proteins are included in the thrombospondin type I repeat (TSR) superfamily, cytokine receptor type I family, and others. Previous studies demonstrated that C-mannosylation plays critical roles in the folding, sorting, and/or secretion of substrate proteins. A C-mannosylation-defective gene mutation was identified in humans as the disease-associated variant affecting a C-mannosylation motif of W-x-x-W of ADAMTSL1, which suggests the involvement of defects in protein C-mannosylation in human diseases such as developmental glaucoma, myopia, and/or retinal defects. On the other hand, monomeric C-mannosyl Trp (C-Man-Trp), a deduced degradation product of C-mannosylated proteins, occurs in cells and extracellular fluids. Several studies showed that the level of C-Man-Trp is upregulated in blood of patients with renal dysfunction, suggesting that the metabolism of C-Man-Trp may be involved in human kidney diseases. Together, protein C-mannosylation is considered to play important roles in the biosynthesis and functions of substrate proteins, and the altered regulation of protein C-manosylation may be involved in the pathophysiology of human diseases. In this review, we consider the biochemical and biomedical knowledge of protein C-mannosylation and C-Man-Trp, and introduce recent studies concerning their significance in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Minakata
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.I.); (M.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Shino Manabe
- Pharmaceutical Department, The Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan;
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoko Inai
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.I.); (M.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Midori Ikezaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.I.); (M.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Kazuchika Nishitsuji
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.I.); (M.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan;
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshito Ihara
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.I.); (M.I.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-73-441-0628
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8
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Le Douce J, Delétage N, Bourdès V, Lemarchant S, Godfrin Y. Subcommissural Organ-Spondin-Derived Peptide Restores Memory in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:651094. [PMID: 34194293 PMCID: PMC8236707 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.651094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of older people worldwide and is characterized by a progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, including learning and memory. There are currently very few approved treatments (i.e., acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil), all of which are limited to the symptomatic control of AD and are associated with side effects that may result in discontinuation of treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop disease-modifying treatments to prevent AD-induced cognitive deficits. Subcommissural organ (SCO)-spondin is a brain-specific glycoprotein produced during embryogenesis and has a substantial impact on neuronal development. In the current study, we sought to evaluate the protective effects of the linear (NX210) and cyclized (NX210c) forms of a SCO-spondin-derived peptide on learning and memory in a mouse model of AD. Mice received an intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25–35 oligomers and were subsequently treated with intraperitoneal injections of vehicle, NX210 or NX210c of different doses (ranging from 0.1 to 30 mg/kg) and therapy paradigms (early or late stand-alone treatments, combination with donepezil or second-line treatment). Cognitive function was evaluated using Y-Maze, step-through latency passive avoidance (STPA) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests for up to 4 months. Early stage daily treatment with NX210 and NX210c decreased the levels of common pathological markers and features of AD, including Aβ1–42, phosphorylated-tau, inflammation, astrogliosis and lipid peroxidation. Meanwhile, use of these drugs increased the levels of synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95. Regardless of the experimental paradigm used, NX210 and NX210c prevented Aβ25–35-induced decrease in spontaneous alternations (Y-Maze) and step-through latency into the dark compartment (STPA), and Aβ25–35-induced increase in time needed to locate the immersed platform during the learning phase and decrease in time spent in the target quadrant during the retention phase (MWM). Interestingly, this study provides the novel evidence that the native and oxidized cyclic forms of the SCO-spondin-derived peptide reduce pathological factors associated with AD and restore learning and memory at both early and late disease stages. Overall, this study sheds light on the therapeutic potential of this innovative disease-modifying peptide to restore memory function in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yann Godfrin
- Axoltis Pharma, Lyon, France.,Godfrin Life-Sciences, Caluire-et-Cuire, France
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9
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Delétage N, Le Douce J, Callizot N, Godfrin Y, Lemarchant S. SCO-spondin-derived Peptide Protects Neurons from Glutamate-induced Excitotoxicity. Neuroscience 2021; 463:317-336. [PMID: 33577953 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Subcommissural organ (SCO)-spondin is a brain-specific glycoprotein produced during embryogenesis, that strongly contributes to neuronal development. The SCO becomes atrophic in adults, halting SCO-spondin production and its neuroprotective functions. Using rat and human neuronal cultures, we evaluated the neuroprotective effect of an innovative peptide derived from SCO-spondin against glutamate excitotoxicity. Primary neurons were exposed to glutamate and treated with the linear (NX210) and cyclic (NX210c) forms of the peptide. Neuronal survival and neurite networks were assessed using immunohistochemistry or biochemistry. The mechanism of action of both peptide forms was investigated by exposing neurons to inhibitors targeting receptors and intracellular mediators that trigger apoptosis, neuronal survival, or neurite growth. NX210c promoted neuronal survival and prevented neurite network retraction in rat cortical and hippocampal neurons, whereas NX210 was efficient only in neuronal survival (cortical neurons) or neurite networks (hippocampal neurons). They triggered neuroprotection via integrin receptors and γ-secretase substrate(s), activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway and disruption of the apoptotic cascade. The neuroprotective effect of NX210c was confirmed in human cortical neurons via the reduction of lactate dehydrogenase release and recovery of normal basal levels of apoptotic cells. Together, these results show that NX210 and NX210c protect against glutamate neurotoxicity through common and distinct mechanisms of action and that, most often, NX210c is more efficient than NX210. Proof of concept in central nervous system animal models are under investigation to evaluate the neuroprotective action of SCO-spondin-derived peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noëlle Callizot
- Neuro-Sys, 410 Chemin Départemental 60, 13120 Gardanne, France.
| | - Yann Godfrin
- Axoltis Pharma, 60 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France; Godfrin Life Sciences, 8 impasse de la source, 69300 Caluire-et-Cuire, France.
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10
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Abstract
The formation of correct synaptic structures and neuronal connections is paramount for normal brain development and a functioning adult brain. The integrin family of cell adhesion receptors and their ligands play essential roles in the control of several processes regulating neuronal connectivity - including neurite outgrowth, the formation and maintenance of synapses, and synaptic plasticity - that are affected in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and schizophrenia. Many ASD- and schizophrenia-associated genes are linked to alterations in the genetic code of integrins and associated signalling pathways. In non-neuronal cells, crosstalk between integrin-mediated adhesions and the actin cytoskeleton, and the regulation of integrin activity (affinity for extracellular ligands) are widely studied in healthy and pathological settings. In contrast, the roles of integrin-linked pathways in the central nervous system remains less well defined. In this Review, we will provide an overview of the known pathways that are regulated by integrin-ECM interaction in developing neurons and in adult brain. We will also describe recent advances in the identification of mechanisms that regulate integrin activity in neurons, and highlight the interesting emerging links between integrins and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lilja
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20500 Turku, Finland
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11
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Bibes R, Gobron S, Vincent F, Mélin C, Vedrenne N, Perraud A, Labrousse F, Jauberteau MO, Lalloué F. SCO-spondin oligopeptide inhibits angiogenesis in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85969-85983. [PMID: 29156770 PMCID: PMC5689660 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a critical role in glioblastoma growth and progression. We therefore aimed at evaluating the anti-angiogenic properties of an oligopeptide originating from SCO-spondin (NX) on a model of human glioblastoma. To this end, we studied the impact of NX treatment on human brain endothelial cells (HBMECs) alone or co-cultured with glioblastoma cells (U87-MG) on apoptosis, proliferation, migration and release of angiogenic factors. We further investigated the anti-angiogenic potential of NX on human glioblastoma cells grown on chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) or in glioblastoma xenografts. The results of our experiments showed that NX treatment impaired the microvascular network and induced a decrease in cell proliferation, vascularization and tumor growth in the CAM model as well as in xenotransplants. Interestingly, our in vitro experiments showed that NX impairs HBMECs migration but also regulates the release of angiogenic factors from U87-MG. These results are confirmed by the profiling of NX-treated U87-MG grown on CAM that highlighted modifications of several genes involved in angiogenesis. In conclusion, NX inhibits tumorigenesis by impairing the ability of glioblastoma cells to induce angiogenesis and by inhibiting endothelial cell migration. This molecule might therefore be an interesting candidate for future cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Bibes
- EA3842 Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, University of Limoges, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Gobron
- Neuronax, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, 63360 Saint-Beauzire, France
| | - François Vincent
- EA3842 Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, University of Limoges, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.,Limoges University Hospital, Department of Physiological Functional Investigation, 87042 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Carole Mélin
- EA3842 Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, University of Limoges, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Vedrenne
- EA3842 Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, University of Limoges, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Aurélie Perraud
- EA3842 Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, University of Limoges, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.,Limoges University Hospital, Department of Digestive Surgery, 87042 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Francois Labrousse
- EA3842 Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, University of Limoges, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.,Limoges University Hospital, Department of Pathology, 87042 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- EA3842 Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, University of Limoges, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.,Limoges University Hospital, Department of Immunology, 87042 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Lalloué
- EA3842 Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, University of Limoges, Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
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12
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Liu L, Zhang L, Li HM, Wang ZR, Xie XF, Mei JP, Jin JL, Shi J, Sun L, Li SC, Tan YL, Yang L, Wang J, Yang HM, Qian QJ, Wang YF. The SNP-set based association study identifies ITGA1 as a susceptibility gene of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Han Chinese. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1201. [PMID: 28809852 PMCID: PMC5611725 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies, which detect the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and disease susceptibility, have been extensively applied to study attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but genome-wide significant associations have not been found yet. Genetic heterogeneity and insufficient genomic coverage may account for the missing heritability. We performed a two-stage association study for ADHD in the Han Chinese population. In the discovery stage, 1033 ADHD patients and 950 healthy controls were genotyped using both the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 and the Illumina Infinium HumanExome BeadChip. The genotyped SNPs were combined to generate a powerful SNP set with better genomic coverage especially for the nonsynonymous variants. In addition to the association of single SNPs, we collected adjacent SNPs as SNP sets, which were determined by either genes or successive sliding windows, to evaluate their synergetic effect. The candidate susceptibility SNPs were further replicated in an independent cohort of 1441 ADHD patients and 1447 healthy controls. No genome-wide significant SNPs or gene-based SNP sets were found to be associated with ADHD. However, two continuous sliding windows located in ITGA1 (P-value=8.33E-7 and P-value=8.43E-7) were genome-wide significant. The quantitative trait analyses also demonstrated their association with ADHD core symptoms and executive functions. The association was further validated by follow-up replications for four selected SNPs: rs1979398 (P-value=2.64E-6), rs16880453 (P-value=3.58E-4), rs1531545 (P-value=7.62E-4) and rs4074793 (P-value=2.03E-4). Our results suggest that genetic variants in ITGA1 may be involved in the etiology of ADHD and the SNP-set based analysis is a promising strategy for the detection of underlying genetic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - L Zhang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China,Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - H M Li
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Z R Wang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - X F Xie
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - J P Mei
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - J L Jin
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - J Shi
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L Sun
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - S C Li
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y L Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L Yang
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - J Wang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - H M Yang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Q J Qian
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China,Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, No. 51, Hua Yuan Bei Lu, Haidian Disrtrict, Beijing 100191, China. E-mail: or
| | - Y F Wang
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China,Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, No. 51, Hua Yuan Bei Lu, Haidian Disrtrict, Beijing 100191, China. E-mail: or
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13
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Guerra MM, González C, Caprile T, Jara M, Vío K, Muñoz RI, Rodríguez S, Rodríguez EM. Understanding How the Subcommissural Organ and Other Periventricular Secretory Structures Contribute via the Cerebrospinal Fluid to Neurogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:480. [PMID: 26778959 PMCID: PMC4689152 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic and molecular composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and, consequently, the CSF physiology is much more complex and fascinating than the simplistic view held for decades. Signal molecules either transported from blood to CSF or secreted into the CSF by circumventricular organs and CSF-contacting neurons, use the CSF to reach their targets in the brain, including the pre- and postnatal neurogenic niche. The subcommissural organ (SCO), a highly conserved brain gland present throughout the vertebrate phylum, is one of the sources for signals, as well as the choroid plexus, tanycytes and CSF-contacting neurons. The SCO secretes into the fetal and adult CSF SCO-spondin, transthyretin, and basic fibroblast growth factor. These proteins participate in certain aspects of neurogenesis, such as cell cycle of neural stem cells, neuronal differentiation, and axon pathfinding. Through the CSF, the SCO-secretory proteins may reach virtually any target in the embryonic and adult central nervous system. Since the SCO continues to secrete throughout life span, it seems likely that the neurogenetic property of the SCO compounds would be targeted to the niches where neurogenesis continues in adulthood. This review is aimed to bring into discussion early and new evidence concerning the role(s) of the SCO, and the probable mechanisms by which SCO compounds can readily reach the neurogenic niche of the subventricular zone flowing with the CSF to participate in the regulation of the neurogenic niche. As we unfold the multiples trans-fluid talks between discrete brain domains we will have more tools to influence such talks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Guerra
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia, Chile
| | - César González
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia, Chile
| | - Teresa Caprile
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Maryoris Jara
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia, Chile
| | - Karin Vío
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rosa I Muñoz
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia, Chile
| | - Sara Rodríguez
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia, Chile
| | - Esteban M Rodríguez
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia, Chile
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14
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SCO-spondin derived peptide NX210 induces neuroprotection in vitro and promotes fiber regrowth and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93179. [PMID: 24667843 PMCID: PMC3965545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the limited regenerating potential of the central nervous system (CNS) in adults contrasts with the plasticity of the embryonic and perinatal periods. SCO (subcommissural organ)-spondin is a protein secreted early by the developing central nervous system, potentially involved in the development of commissural fibers. SCO-spondin stimulates neuronal differentiation and neurite growth in vitro. NX210 oligopeptide was designed from SCO-spondin's specific thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR) sequences that support the main neurogenic properties of the molecule. The objective of this work was to assess the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties of NX210 in vitro and in vivo for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). In vitro studies were carried out on the B104 neuroblastoma cell line demonstrating neuroprotection by the resistance to oxidative damage using hydrogen peroxide and the measure of cell viability by metabolic activity. In vivo studies were performed in two rat models of SCI: (1) a model of aspiration of dorsal funiculi followed by the insertion of a collagen tube in situ to limit collateral sprouting; white matter regeneration was assessed using neurofilament immunostaining; (2) a rat spinal cord contusion model to assess functional recovery using BBB scale and reflex testing. We demonstrate for the first time that NX210 (a) provides neuroprotection to oxidative stress in the B104 neuroblastoma cells, (b) stimulates axonal regrowth in longitudinally oriented neofibers in the aspiration model of SCI and (c) significantly improves functional recovery in the contusive model of SCI.
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15
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Grondona JM, Hoyo-Becerra C, Visser R, Fernández-Llebrez P, López-Ávalos MD. The subcommissural organ and the development of the posterior commissure. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 296:63-137. [PMID: 22559938 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394307-1.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Growing axons navigate through the developing brain by means of axon guidance molecules. Intermediate targets producing such signal molecules are used as guideposts to find distal targets. Glial, and sometimes neuronal, midline structures represent intermediate targets when axons cross the midline to reach the contralateral hemisphere. The subcommissural organ (SCO), a specialized neuroepithelium located at the dorsal midline underneath the posterior commissure, releases SCO-spondin, a large glycoprotein belonging to the thrombospondin superfamily that shares molecular domains with axonal pathfinding molecules. Several evidences suggest that the SCO could be involved in the development of the PC. First, both structures display a close spatiotemporal relationship. Second, certain mutants lacking an SCO present an abnormal PC. Third, some axonal guidance molecules are expressed by SCO cells. Finally, SCO cells, the Reissner's fiber (the aggregated form of SCO-spondin), or synthetic peptides from SCO-spondin affect the neurite outgrowth or neuronal aggregation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Grondona
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Spain.
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16
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Stanic K, Montecinos H, Caprile T. Subdivisions of chick diencephalic roof plate: implication in the formation of the posterior commissure. Dev Dyn 2011; 239:2584-93. [PMID: 20730872 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The subcommissural organ (SCO) is a roof plate differentiation located in the caudal diencephalon under the posterior commissure (PC). A role for SCO and its secretory product, SCO-spondin, in the formation of the PC has been proposed. Here, we provide immunohistochemical evidence to suggest that SCO is anatomically divided in a bilateral region positive for SCO-spondin that surrounds a negative medial region. Remarkably, axons contacting the lateral region are highly fasciculated, in sharp contrast with the defasciculated axons of the medial region. In addition, lateral axon fascicles run toward the midline inside of tunnels limited by the basal prolongations of SCO cells and extracellular SCO-spondin. Our in vitro data in collagen gel matrices show that SCO-spondin induces axonal growth and fasciculation of pretectal explants. Together, our findings support the idea that SCO-spondin participates in the guidance and fasciculation of axons of the PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Stanic
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Concepción, Chile
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17
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Barros CS, Franco SJ, Müller U. Extracellular matrix: functions in the nervous system. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2011; 3:a005108. [PMID: 21123393 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a005108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An astonishing number of extracellular matrix glycoproteins are expressed in dynamic patterns in the developing and adult nervous system. Neural stem cells, neurons, and glia express receptors that mediate interactions with specific extracellular matrix molecules. Functional studies in vitro and genetic studies in mice have provided evidence that the extracellular matrix affects virtually all aspects of nervous system development and function. Here we will summarize recent findings that have shed light on the specific functions of defined extracellular matrix molecules on such diverse processes as neural stem cell differentiation, neuronal migration, the formation of axonal tracts, and the maturation and function of synapses in the peripheral and central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Barros
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Dorris Neuroscience Center, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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18
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Caprile T, Osorio G, Henríquez JP, Montecinos H. Polarized expression of integrin beta1 in diencephalic roof plate during chick development, a possible receptor for SCO-spondin. Dev Dyn 2010; 238:2494-504. [PMID: 19681158 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The roof plate of the caudal diencephalon is formed by the posterior commissure (PC) and the underlying secretory ependyma, the subcommissural organ (SCO). The SCO is composed by radial glial cells bearing processes that cross the PC and attach to the meningeal basement membrane. Since early development, the SCO synthesizes SCO-spondin, a glycoprotein that shares similarities to axonal guidance proteins. In vitro, SCO-spondin promotes neuritic outgrowth through a mechanism mediated by integrin beta1. However, the secretion of SCO-spondin toward the extracellular matrix that surrounds the PC axons and the expression of integrins throughout PC development have not been addressed. Here we provide immunohistochemical evidence to suggest that during chick development SCO cells secrete SCO-spondin through their basal domain, where it is deposited into the extracellular matrix in close contact with axons of the PC that express integrin beta1. Our results suggest that SCO-spondin has a role in the development of the PC through its interaction with integrin beta1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Caprile
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Concepción, Chile
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19
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Mashanov VS, Zueva OR, Heinzeller T, Aschauer B, Naumann WW, Grondona JM, Cifuentes M, Garcia-Arraras JE. The central nervous system of sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) shows positive immunostaining for a chordate glial secretion. Front Zool 2009; 6:11. [PMID: 19538733 PMCID: PMC2705372 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-6-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinoderms and chordates belong to the same monophyletic taxon, the Deuterostomia. In spite of significant differences in body plan organization, the two phyla may share more common traits than was thought previously. Of particular interest are the common features in the organization of the central nervous system. The present study employs two polyclonal antisera raised against bovine Reissner's substance (RS), a secretory product produced by glial cells of the subcomissural organ, to study RS-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of sea cucumbers. RESULTS In the ectoneural division of the nervous system, both antisera recognize the content of secretory vacuoles in the apical cytoplasm of the radial glia-like cells of the neuroepithelium and in the flattened glial cells of the non-neural epineural roof epithelium. The secreted immunopositive material seems to form a thin layer covering the cell apices. There is no accumulation of the immunoreactive material on the apical surface of the hyponeural neuroepithelium or the hyponeural roof epithelium. Besides labelling the supporting cells and flattened glial cells of the epineural roof epithelium, both anti-RS antisera reveal a previously unknown putative glial cell type within the neural parenchyma of the holothurian nervous system. CONCLUSION Our results show that: a) the glial cells of the holothurian tubular nervous system produce a material similar to Reissner's substance known to be synthesized by secretory glial cells in all chordates studied so far; b) the nervous system of sea cucumbers shows a previously unrealized complexity of glial organization. Our findings also provide significant clues for interpretation of the evolution of the nervous system in the Deuterostomia. It is suggested that echinoderms and chordates might have inherited the RS-producing radial glial cell type from the central nervous system of their common ancestor, i.e., the last common ancestor of all the Deuterostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S Mashanov
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23360, UPR Station, Rio Piedras, PR 00931-3360, Puerto Rico
- Anatomische Anstalt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 München, Germany
| | - Olga R Zueva
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23360, UPR Station, Rio Piedras, PR 00931-3360, Puerto Rico
- Anatomische Anstalt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 München, Germany
| | - Thomas Heinzeller
- Anatomische Anstalt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 München, Germany
| | - Beate Aschauer
- Anatomische Anstalt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 München, Germany
| | - Wilfried W Naumann
- Institut für Zoologie, Universität Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jesus M Grondona
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal. Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de Málaga. 29071 Málaga. Spain
| | - Manuel Cifuentes
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal. Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de Málaga. 29071 Málaga. Spain
| | - Jose E Garcia-Arraras
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23360, UPR Station, Rio Piedras, PR 00931-3360, Puerto Rico
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20
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Young-Pearse TL, Chen AC, Chang R, Marquez C, Selkoe DJ. Secreted APP regulates the function of full-length APP in neurite outgrowth through interaction with integrin beta1. Neural Dev 2008; 3:15. [PMID: 18573216 PMCID: PMC2442059 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8104-3-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been reported to play a role in the outgrowth of neurites from cultured neurons. Both cell-surface APP and its soluble, ectodomain cleavage product (APPs-alpha) have been implicated in regulating the length and branching of neurites in a variety of assays, but the mechanism by which APP performs this function is not understood. RESULTS Here, we report that APP is required for proper neurite outgrowth in a cell autonomous manner, both in vitro and in vivo. Neurons that lack APP undergo elongation of their longest neurite. Deletion of APLP1 or APLP2, homologues of APP, likewise stimulates neurite lengthening. Intriguingly, wild-type neurons exposed to APPs-alpha, the principal cleavage product of APP, also undergo neurite elongation. However, APPs-alpha is unable to stimulate neurite elongation in the absence of cellular APP expression. The outgrowth-enhancing effects of both APPs-alpha and the deletion of APP are inhibited by blocking antibodies to Integrin beta1 (Itgbeta1). Moreover, full length APP interacts biochemically with Itgbeta1, and APPs-alpha can interfere with this binding. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that APPs-alpha regulates the function of APP in neurite outgrowth via the novel mechanism of competing with the binding of APP to Itgbeta1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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21
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Hamel MG, Ajmo JM, Leonardo CC, Zuo F, Sandy JD, Gottschall PE. Multimodal signaling by the ADAMTSs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) promotes neurite extension. Exp Neurol 2007; 210:428-40. [PMID: 18178186 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Revised: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 11/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aggregating proteoglycans (PG) bearing chondroitin sulfate (CS) side chains associate with hyaluronan and various secreted proteins to form a complex of extracellular matrix (ECM) that inhibits neural plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Chondroitinase treatment depletes PGs of their CS side chains and enhances neurite extension. Increasing evidence from in vivo models indicates that proteolytic cleavage of the PG core protein by members of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) family of glutamyl-endopeptidases also promotes neural plasticity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether proteolytic action of the ADAMTSs influences neurite outgrowth in cultured neurons. Transfection of primary rat neurons with ADAMTS4 cDNA induced longer neurites, whether the neurons were grown on a monolayer of astrocytes that secrete inhibitory PGs or on laminin/poly-L-lysine substrate alone. Similar results were found when neurons were transfected with a construct encoding a proteolytically inactive, point mutant of ADAMTS4. Addition of recombinant ADAMTS4 or ADAMTS5 protein to immature neuronal cultures also enhanced neurite extension in a dose-dependent manner, an effect demonstrated to be dependent on the activation of MAP ERK1/2 kinase. These results suggest that ADAMTS4 enhances neurite outgrowth via a mechanism that does not require proteolysis but is dependent on activation of the MAP kinase cascade. Thus a model to illustrate multimodal ADAMTS activity would entail proteolysis of CS-bearing PGs to create a loosened matrix environment more favorable for neurite outgrowth, and enhanced neurite outgrowth directly stimulated by ADAMTS signaling at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle G Hamel
- University of South Florida College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA
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22
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Didier R, Meiniel O, Meiniel A. Molecular cloning and early expression of chick embryo SCO-spondin. Cell Tissue Res 2006; 327:111-9. [PMID: 16900377 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-006-0259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
SCO-spondin is a multidomain glycoprotein secreted by the subcommissural organ (SCO). It belongs to the thrombospondin type 1 repeat superfamily and has been identified in several vertebrate species. We report the cloning of the chick SCO-spondin ortholog and examine its temporal and spatial expression during early embryogenesis from Hamburger and Hamilton (HH) stage 12 to HH stage 21. Chick SCO-spondin cDNA contains a long open reading frame encoding a predicted protein of 5255 amino acids. Northern blot analysis has revealed SCO-spondin mRNA as a band of about 15 kb. Many conserved domains have been identified, including 27 thrombospondin type 1 repeats, 13 low-density lipoprotein receptor type A domains, one EMI domain (a cysteine-rich domain of extracellular proteins), three von Willebrand factor type D domains, and one cystine knot C-terminal domain. Whole-mount in situ hybridization enabled the first signal of mRNA expression to be detected at HH stage 17, exclusively in a thin area of the prosencephalon roof plate. During the following stages of development, SCO-spondin expression remained restricted to this region. The multidomain structure of SCO-spondin and its early expression suggest that it plays a role in developmental processes in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Didier
- INSERM U384, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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23
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Miller MW, Mooney SM, Middleton FA. Transforming growth factor beta1 and ethanol affect transcription and translation of genes and proteins for cell adhesion molecules in B104 neuroblastoma cells. J Neurochem 2006; 97:1182-90. [PMID: 16686695 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1 and ethanol retard the migration of young, post-mitotic neurons to the developing cerebral cortex. The coordination of this migration depends upon cell adhesion proteins (CAPs). We examined the effects of TGFbeta1 and ethanol on genes related to both TGF and CAPs. Rat B104 neuroblastoma cells were treated with TGFbeta1 (0 or 10 ng/mL) and ethanol (0 or 400 mg/dL) for 6-48 h. Total RNA was purified from each sample and analyzed using the Rat U34A GeneChip (Affymetrix). Candidate genes were those up- or down-regulated by either TGFbeta1 or ethanol. Twenty transcripts of CAPs were identified as being expressed by B104 cells and as being affected by treatment with TGFbeta1 or ethanol. The expression was verified for five representative genes (neural cell adhesion molecule, L1, and integrins alpha1, alpha7, and beta1) using assays with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions. Each of these genes showed time-dependent changes. The changes were reflected in increases in protein expression that appeared within 24 or 48 h. Thus, the effects of TGFbeta1 and ethanol on CAPs parallel changes described in vivo and likely underlie changes associated with ethanol-induced alterations in neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Miller
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
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24
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Lehmann C, Naumann WW. Axon pathfinding and the floor plate factor Reissner's substance in wildtype, cyclops and one-eyed pinhead mutants of Danio rerio. BRAIN RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2005; 154:1-14. [PMID: 15617750 DOI: 10.1016/j.devbrainres.2004.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The ventral median floor plate (FP) is a well-examined embryonic structure, which is involved in neuron differentiation and axon outgrowth. The FP of different vertebrates expresses the glycoprotein Reissner's substance (RS). This glycoprotein is also produced by the dorsal median subcommissural organ (SCO). We examined if the dorsal SCO and the ventral FP are interdependent for the expression of RS and looked for indications for a role of RS in axon outgrowth. Therefore, we examined zebrafish embryos of wildtype (wt) and the mutants cyclops(tf219) (cyc) and one-eyed pinhead(tz257) (oep), which both lack the FP. Our studies demonstrate that the FP is not necessary in order to induce the expression of RS in the SCO. The pattern of the anti-RS immunolabelling in the mutants is, however, changed compared to wt zebrafish embryos. As a consequence of the lacking FP and the degenerated ventricle system in cyc and oep mutants, a Reissner's fibre (RF) is not formed. Our studies confirm earlier results about the axon growth in cyc mutants, and provide the first detailed data about the aberrant axon growth in oep mutants. The modified outgrowth of the medial longitudinal fascicle in both mutants could be associated with the lack of RS/RF in the rhombencephalon and spinal cord. The neurites of the posterior commissure follow the aberrant position of the SCO in oep mutants. Our results suggest that both the RS of the ventral FP/flexural organ (FO) and the RS of the dorsal SCO have an influence on the outgrowth of axons and formation of commissures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lehmann
- Institut für Zoologie, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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25
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Calzada MJ, Annis DS, Zeng B, Marcinkiewicz C, Banas B, Lawler J, Mosher DF, Roberts DD. Identification of novel beta1 integrin binding sites in the type 1 and type 2 repeats of thrombospondin-1. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:41734-43. [PMID: 15292271 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m406267200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the three known beta(1) integrin recognition sites in the N-module of thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), we found that beta(1) integrins mediate cell adhesion to the type 1 and type 2 repeats. The type 1 repeats of TSP1 differ from typical integrin ligands in that recognition is pan-beta(1)-specific. Adhesion of cells that express one dominant beta(1) integrin on immobilized type 1 repeats is specifically inhibited by antagonists of that integrin, whereas adhesion of cells that express several beta(1) integrins is partially inhibited by each alpha-subunit-specific antagonist and completely inhibited by combining the antagonists. beta(1) integrins recognize both the second and third type 1 repeats, and each type 1 repeat shows pan-beta(1) specificity and divalent cation dependence for promoting cell adhesion. Adhesion to the type 2 repeats is less sensitive to alpha-subunit antagonists, but a beta(1) blocking antibody and two disintegrins inhibit adhesion to immobilized type 2 repeats. beta(1) integrin expression is necessary for cell adhesion to the type 1 or type 2 repeats, and beta(1) integrins bind in a divalent cation-dependent manner to a type 1 repeat affinity column. The widely used TSP1 function blocking antibody A4.1 binds to a site in the third type 2 repeat. A4.1 proximally inhibits beta(1) integrin-dependent adhesion to the type 2 repeats and indirectly inhibits integrin-dependent adhesion mediated by the TSP1 type 1 repeats. Although antibody A4.1 is also an antagonist of CD36 binding to TSP1, these data suggest that some biological activities of A4.1 result from antagonism of these novel beta(1) integrin binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Calzada
- Laboratory of Pathology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1500, USA
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