1
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Fu F, Yu Y, Zou B, Long Y, Wu L, Yin J, Zhou Q. Role of actin-binding proteins in prostate cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1430386. [PMID: 39055653 PMCID: PMC11269120 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1430386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms driving the onset and metastasis of prostate cancer remain poorly understood. Actin, under the control of actin-binding proteins (ABPs), plays a crucial role in shaping the cellular cytoskeleton, which in turn supports the morphological alterations in normal cells, as well as the invasive spread of tumor cells. Previous research indicates that ABPs of various types serve distinct functions, and any disruptions in their activities could predispose individuals to prostate cancer. These ABPs are intricately implicated in the initiation and advancement of prostate cancer through a complex array of intracellular processes, such as severing, linking, nucleating, inducing branching, assembling, facilitating actin filament elongation, terminating elongation, and promoting actin molecule aggregation. As such, this review synthesizes existing literature on several ABPs linked to prostate cancer, including cofilin, filamin A, and fascin, with the aim of shedding light on the molecular mechanisms through which ABPs influence prostate cancer development and identifying potential therapeutic targets. Ultimately, this comprehensive examination seeks to contribute to the understanding and management of prostate diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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2
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Lucero D, Dikilitas O, Mendelson MM, Aligabi Z, Islam P, Neufeld EB, Bansal AT, Freeman LA, Vaisman B, Tang J, Combs CA, Li Y, Voros S, Kullo IJ, Remaley AT. Transgelin: a new gene involved in LDL endocytosis identified by a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100160. [PMID: 34902367 PMCID: PMC8953622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of patients with elevated LDL and a clinical presentation of familial hypercholesterolemia do not carry known genetic mutations associated with hypercholesterolemia, such as defects in the LDL receptor. To identify new genes involved in the cellular uptake of LDL, we developed a novel whole-genome clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-Cas9 KO screen in HepG2 cells. We identified transgelin (TAGLN), an actin-binding protein, as a potentially new gene involved in LDL endocytosis. In silico validation demonstrated that genetically predicted differences in expression of TAGLN in human populations were significantly associated with elevated plasma lipids (triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-C) in the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium and lipid-related phenotypes in the UK Biobank. In biochemical studies, TAGLN-KO HepG2 cells showed a reduction in cellular LDL uptake, as measured by flow cytometry. In confocal microscopy imaging, TAGLN-KO cells had disrupted actin filaments as well as an accumulation of LDL receptor on their surface because of decreased receptor internalization. Furthermore, TAGLN-KO cells exhibited a reduction in total and free cholesterol content, activation of SREBP2, and a compensatory increase in cholesterol biosynthesis. TAGLN deficiency also disrupted the uptake of VLDL and transferrin, other known cargoes for receptors that depend upon clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Our data suggest that TAGLN is a novel factor involved in the actin-dependent phase of clathrin-mediated endocytosis of LDL. The identification of novel genes involved in the endocytic uptake of LDL may improve the diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia and provide future therapeutic targets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lucero
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ozan Dikilitas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinician-Investigator Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael M Mendelson
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zahra Aligabi
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Promotto Islam
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward B Neufeld
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aruna T Bansal
- Acclarogen Ltd, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lita A Freeman
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Boris Vaisman
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jingrong Tang
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian A Combs
- NHLBI Light Microscopy Facility, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuesheng Li
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Iftikhar J Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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3
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Actin-Binding Proteins as Potential Biomarkers for Chronic Inflammation-Induced Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2021:6692811. [PMID: 34194957 PMCID: PMC8203385 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6692811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Actin-binding proteins (ABPs), by interacting with actin, regulate the polymerization, depolymerization, bundling, and cross-linking of actin filaments, directly or indirectly, thereby mediating the maintenance of cell morphology, cell movement, and many other biological functions. Consequently, these functions of ABPs help regulate cancer cell invasion and metastasis when cancer occurs. In recent years, a variety of ABPs have been found to be abnormally expressed in various cancers, indicating that the detection and interventions of unusual ABP expression to alter this are available for the treatment of cancer. The early stages of most cancer development involve long-term chronic inflammation or repeated stimulation. This is the case for breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer. This article discusses the relationship between chronic inflammation and the above-mentioned cancers, emphatically introduces relevant research on the abnormal expression of ABPs in chronic inflammatory diseases, and reviews research on the expression of different ABPs in the above-mentioned cancers. Furthermore, there is a close relationship between ABP-induced inflammation and cancer. In simple terms, abnormal expression of ABPs contributes to the chronic inflammation developing into cancer. Finally, we provide our viewpoint regarding these unusual ABPs serving as potential biomarkers for chronic inflammation-induced cancer diagnosis and therapy, and interventions to reverse the abnormal expression of ABPs represent a potential approach to preventing or treating the corresponding cancers.
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4
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Wen F, Sun X, Sun C, Dong Z, Jia G, Bao W, Yu H, Yang C. TAGLN Is Downregulated by TRAF6-Mediated Proteasomal Degradation in Prostate Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1113-1122. [PMID: 33771884 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transgelin (TAGLN, also named SM22) is an actin-associated protein and affects dynamics of actin filaments. Deregulation of TAGLN contributes to the development of different cancers, and it is commonly considered to be a tumor suppressor. TAGLN is usually downregulated in prostate cancer; however, the detailed functions of TAGLN in prostate cancer and how TAGLN is regulated remains unclear. In this study, we confirmed that TAGLN is downregulated in prostate cancer tissues and demonstrated that the downregulation of TAGLN occurs through proteasomal degradation. Next, we found that the expression level of TAGLN is inversely correlated with TRAF6. We screened more than 20 E2-E3 pairs by in vitro ubiquitination assay and found that the E2A-TRAF6 pair catalyzed mono ubiquitination of TAGLN. We then identified the ubiquitination sites of TAGLN to be on K89 or K108 residues and demonstrated that ubiquitination of TAGLN on K89/K108 are important for TRAF6-mediated proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, we investigated the function of TAGLN in prostate cancer cells. We found that ablation of TAGLN promoted prostate cancer cell proliferation and suppressed their migration via activation of NF-κB and Myc signaling pathways. Overall, our study provided new insights into the mechanisms underlying TAGLN expression and activity in prostate cancer. IMPLICATIONS: E3 ligase TRAF6 mediate mono-ubiquitination and degradation of TAGLN, which leads to activation of NF-κB and Myc signaling pathways in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Wen
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Sun
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxia Sun
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyang Dong
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaozhen Jia
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haolan Yu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghua Yang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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5
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Raymundo BR, Oh I, Xiu L, Kim C. Transgelin ( TAGLN) Regulates IQGAP1and Alters the Functions of Breast Cancer Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo R. Raymundo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 136‐701 South Korea
| | - In‐Rok Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 136‐701 South Korea
| | - Ling Xiu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 136‐701 South Korea
| | - Chan‐Wha Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 136‐701 South Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 136‐701 South Korea
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6
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Raymundo BR, Oh I, Kim M, Kim C. Transgelin Depletion is Critical for the TGFβ1‐mediated Initiation of PLCγ1‐Cofilin‐driven Morphological and Migratory Changes in MDA‐MB‐231 Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo R. Raymundo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 136‐701 South Korea
| | - In‐Rok Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 136‐701 South Korea
| | - MiJung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 136‐701 South Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 136‐701 South Korea
| | - Chan‐Wha Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 136‐701 South Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 136‐701 South Korea
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7
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Transgelin, a p53 and PTEN-Upregulated Gene, Inhibits the Cell Proliferation and Invasion of Human Bladder Carcinoma Cells in Vitro and in Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194946. [PMID: 31591355 PMCID: PMC6801752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgelin (TAGLN/SM22-α) is a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, affecting the survival, migration, and apoptosis of various cancer cells divergently; however, the roles of TAGLN in bladder carcinoma cells remain inconclusive. We compared expressions of TAGLN in human bladder carcinoma cells to the normal human bladder tissues to determine the potential biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of TAGLN in bladder carcinoma cells. Results of RT-qPCR and immunoblot assays indicated that TAGLN expressions were higher in bladder smooth muscle cells, fibroblast cells, and normal epithelial cells than in carcinoma cells (RT-4, HT1376, TSGH-8301, and T24) in vitro. Besides, the results of RT-qPCR revealed that TAGLN expressions were higher in normal tissues than the paired tumor tissues. In vitro, TAGLN knockdown enhanced cell proliferation and invasion, while overexpression of TAGLN had the inverse effects in bladder carcinoma cells. Meanwhile, ectopic overexpression of TAGLN attenuated tumorigenesis in vivo. Immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays showed that TAGLN was predominantly in the cytosol and colocalized with F-actin. Ectopic overexpression of either p53 or PTEN induced TAGLN expression, while p53 knockdown downregulated TAGLN expression in bladder carcinoma cells. Our results indicate that TAGLN is a p53 and PTEN-upregulated gene, expressing higher levels in normal bladder epithelial cells than carcinoma cells. Further, TAGLN inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and blocked tumorigenesis in vivo. Collectively, it can be concluded that TAGLN is an antitumor gene in the human bladder.
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8
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Zhou Q, Jiang X, Yan W, Dou X. Transgelin 2 overexpression inhibits cervical cancer cell invasion and migration. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4919-4926. [PMID: 30942422 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xuelu Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Dou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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9
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Vlagea A, Falagan S, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez G, Moreno-Rubio J, Merino M, Zambrana F, Casado E, Sereno M. Antinuclear antibodies and cancer: A literature review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 127:42-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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10
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Spatial maps of prostate cancer transcriptomes reveal an unexplored landscape of heterogeneity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2419. [PMID: 29925878 PMCID: PMC6010471 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-tumor heterogeneity is one of the biggest challenges in cancer treatment today. Here we investigate tissue-wide gene expression heterogeneity throughout a multifocal prostate cancer using the spatial transcriptomics (ST) technology. Utilizing a novel approach for deconvolution, we analyze the transcriptomes of nearly 6750 tissue regions and extract distinct expression profiles for the different tissue components, such as stroma, normal and PIN glands, immune cells and cancer. We distinguish healthy and diseased areas and thereby provide insight into gene expression changes during the progression of prostate cancer. Compared to pathologist annotations, we delineate the extent of cancer foci more accurately, interestingly without link to histological changes. We identify gene expression gradients in stroma adjacent to tumor regions that allow for re-stratification of the tumor microenvironment. The establishment of these profiles is the first step towards an unbiased view of prostate cancer and can serve as a dictionary for future studies. Heterogeneity within tumors presents a challenge to cancer treatment. Here, the authors investigate transcriptional heterogeneity in prostate cancer, examining expression profiles of different tissue components and highlighting expression gradients in the tumor microenvironment.
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11
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Lino Cardenas CL, Kessinger CW, MacDonald C, Jassar AS, Isselbacher EM, Jaffer FA, Lindsay ME. Inhibition of the methyltranferase EZH2 improves aortic performance in experimental thoracic aortic aneurysm. JCI Insight 2018. [PMID: 29515022 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding contractile proteins have been observed in thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA). To gain insight into the contribution of contractile protein deficiency in the pathogenesis of TAA, we examined human aneurysm samples. We found multiple contractile gene products deficient in TAA samples, and in particular, expression of SM22α was inversely correlated with aneurysm size. SM22α-deficient mice demonstrated pregnancy-induced aortic dissection, and SM22α deficiency worsened aortic aneurysm in Fbn1C1039G/+ (Marfan) mice, validating this gene product as a TAA effector. We found that repression of SM22α was enforced by increased activity of the methyltransferase EZH2. TGF-β effectors such as SMAD3 were excluded from binding SM22α-encoding chromatin (TAGLN) in TAA samples, while treatment with the EZH2 inhibitor GSK343 improved cytoskeletal architecture and restored SM22α expression. Finally, inhibition of EZH2 improved aortic performance in Fbn1C1039G/+ mice, in association with restoration of contractile protein expression (including SM22α). Together, these data inform our understanding of contractile protein deficiency in TAA and support the pursuit of chromatin modifying factors as therapeutic targets in aortic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolyn MacDonald
- Thoracic Aortic Center.,Cardiovascular Research Center.,Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | - Arminder S Jassar
- Thoracic Aortic Center.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Eric M Isselbacher
- Thoracic Aortic Center.,Cardiovascular Research Center.,Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | - Farouc A Jaffer
- Cardiovascular Research Center.,Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | - Mark E Lindsay
- Thoracic Aortic Center.,Cardiovascular Research Center.,Cardiology, Department of Medicine.,Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Kim H, Choi SM, Park S. GSEH: A Novel Approach to Select Prostate Cancer-Associated Genes Using Gene Expression Heterogeneity. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 15:129-146. [PMID: 27775535 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2016.2618927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
When a gene shows varying levels of expression among normal people but similar levels in disease patients or shows similar levels of expression among normal people but different levels in disease patients, we can assume that the gene is associated with the disease. By utilizing this gene expression heterogeneity, we can obtain additional information that abets discovery of disease-associated genes. In this study, we used collaborative filtering to calculate the degree of gene expression heterogeneity between classes and then scored the genes on the basis of the degree of gene expression heterogeneity to find "differentially predicted" genes. Through the proposed method, we discovered more prostate cancer-associated genes than 10 comparable methods. The genes prioritized by the proposed method are potentially significant to biological processes of a disease and can provide insight into them.
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13
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Dai X, Thiagarajan D, Fang J, Shen J, Annam NP, Yang Z, Jiang H, Ju D, Xie Y, Zhang K, Tseng YY, Yang Z, Rishi AK, Li HJ, Yang M, Li L. SM22α suppresses cytokine-induced inflammation and the transcription of NF-κB inducing kinase (Nik) by modulating SRF transcriptional activity in vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190191. [PMID: 29284006 PMCID: PMC5746259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic modulation is characterized by the downregulation of SMC actin cytoskeleton proteins. Our published study shows that depletion of SM22α (aka SM22, Transgelin, an actin cytoskeleton binding protein) promotes inflammation in SMCs by activating NF-κB signal pathways both in cultured VSMCs and in response to vascular injury. The goal of this study is to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms whereby SM22 suppresses NF-κB signaling pathways under inflammatory condition. NF-κB inducing kinase (Nik, aka MAP3K14, activated by the LTβR) is a key upstream regulator of NF-κB signal pathways. Here, we show that SM22 overexpression suppresses the expression of NIK and its downstream NF-κB canonical and noncanonical signal pathways in a VSMC line treated with a LTβR agonist. SM22 regulates NIK expression at both transcriptional and the proteasome-mediated post-translational levels in VSMCs depending on the culture condition. By qPCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays, we found that Nik is a transcription target of serum response factor (SRF). Although SM22 is known to be expressed in the cytoplasm, we found that SM22 is also expressed in the nucleus where SM22 interacts with SRF to inhibit the transcription of Nik and prototypical SRF regulated genes including c-fos and Egr3. Moreover, carotid injury increases NIK expression in Sm22-/- mice, which is partially relieved by adenovirally transduced SM22. These findings reveal for the first time that SM22 is expressed in the nucleus in addition to the cytoplasm of VSMCs to regulate the transcription of Nik and its downstream proinflammatory NF-kB signal pathways as a modulator of SRF during vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Devi Thiagarajan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jingye Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jianbin Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Neeraja Priyanka Annam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhao Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Donghong Ju
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Youming Xie
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yan Yuan Tseng
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Arun K. Rishi
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Hui J. Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maozhou Yang
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Li Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
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14
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Abstract
SM22α, also named transgelin, is an actin filament-associated protein in smooth muscle and fibroblasts. Three decades after its discovery, the biological function of SM22α remains under investigation. Here we report a novel finding that the expression and degradation of SM22α/transgelin are regulated by mechanical tension. Following a mass spectrometry identification of SM22α degradation in isolated and tension-unloaded mouse aorta, we developed specific monoclonal antibodies to study the regulation of SM22α in human fetal lung myofibroblast line MRC-5 and primary cultures of neonatal mouse skin fibroblasts. The level of SM22α is positively related to the mechanical tension in the cytoskeleton produced by the myosin II motor in response to the stiffness of the culture matrix. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that the expression of SM22α is regulated at the transcriptional level. This mechanical regulation resembles that of calponin 2, another actin filament-associated protein. Immunofluorescent staining co-localized SM22α with F-actin, myosin, and calponin 2 in mouse skin fibroblasts. The close phylogenetic relationship between SM22α and the calponin family supports that SM22α is a calponin-like regulatory protein. The level of SM22α is decreased in skin fibroblasts isolated from calponin 2 knockout mice, suggesting interrelated regulation and function of the two proteins. On the other hand, SM22α expression was maximized at a matrix stiffness higher than that for calponin 2 in the same cell type, indicating differentiated regulation and tension responsiveness. The novel mechanoregulation of SM22α/transgelin lays the groundwork for understanding its cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - M Moazzem Hossain
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Xuequn Chen
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Jin
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
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15
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Yazdian-Robati R, Ahmadi H, Riahi MM, Lari P, Aledavood SA, Rashedinia M, Abnous K, Ramezani M. Comparative proteome analysis of human esophageal cancer and adjacent normal tissues. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 20:265-271. [PMID: 28392898 PMCID: PMC5378963 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.8354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Ranking as the sixth commonest cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) represents one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. One of the main reasons for the low survival of patients with esophageal cancer is its late diagnosis. Materials and Methods: We used proteomics approach to analyze ESCC tissues with the aim of a better understanding of the malignant mechanism and searching candidate protein biomarkers for early diagnosis of esophageal cancer. The differential protein expression between cancerous and normal esophageal tissues was investigated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Then proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS) and MASCOT web based search engine. Results: We reported 4 differentially expressed proteins involved in the pathological process of esophageal cancer, such as annexinA1 (ANXA1), peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), transgelin (TAGLN) andactin-aortic smooth muscle (ACTA2). Conclusion: In this report we have introduced new potential biomarker (ACTA2). Moreover, our data confirmed some already known markers for EC in our region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Yazdian-Robati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Homa Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Matbou Riahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parisa Lari
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Aledavood
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Radiation oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rashedinia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad Iran
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16
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Okawa S, Gagrica S, Blin C, Ender C, Pollard SM, Krijgsveld J. Proteome and Secretome Characterization of Glioblastoma-Derived Neural Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:967-980. [PMID: 27870168 PMCID: PMC6135235 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (grade IV astrocytoma) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. GBM consists of heterogeneous cell types including a subset of stem cell-like cells thought to sustain tumor growth. These tumor-initiating glioblastoma multiforme-derived neural stem (GNS) cells as well as their genetically normal neural stem (NS) counterparts can be propagated in culture as relatively pure populations. Here, we perform quantitative proteomics to globally characterize and compare total proteome plus the secreted proteome (secretome) between GNS cells and NS cells. Proteins and pathways that distinguish malignant cancer (GNS) stem cells from their genetically normal counterparts (NS cells) might have value as new biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Our analysis identified and quantified ∼7,500 proteins in the proteome and ∼2,000 in the secretome, 447 and 138 of which were differentially expressed, respectively. Notable tumor-associated processes identified using gene set enrichment analysis included: extracellular matrix interactions, focal adhesion, cell motility, and cell signaling. We focused on differentially expressed surface proteins, and identified 26 that participate in ligand-receptor pairs that play a prominent role in tumorigenesis. Immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting confirmed that CD9, a recently identified marker of adult subventricular zone NS cells, was consistently enriched across a larger set of primary GNS cell lines. CD9 may, therefore, have value as a GNS-specific surface marker and a candidate therapeutic target. Altogether, these findings support the notion that increased cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion molecules play a crucial role in promoting the tumor initiating and infiltrative properties of GNS cells. Stem Cells 2017;35:967-980.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okawa
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Sladjana Gagrica
- Department of Cancer Biology, Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Carla Blin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christine Ender
- Department of Cancer Biology, Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Steven M. Pollard
- Department of Cancer Biology, Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CellNetworks - Cluster of Excellence, and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Integrated Proteomic and Transcriptomic-Based Approaches to Identifying Signature Biomarkers and Pathways for Elucidation of Daoy and UW228 Subtypes. Proteomes 2017; 5:proteomes5010005. [PMID: 28248256 PMCID: PMC5372226 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Patient survival has remained largely the same for the past 20 years, with therapies causing significant health, cognitive, behavioral and developmental complications for those who survive the tumor. In this study, we profiled the total transcriptome and proteome of two established MB cell lines, Daoy and UW228, using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and label-free nano-LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomics, coupled with advanced pathway analysis. While Daoy has been suggested to belong to the sonic hedgehog (SHH) subtype, the exact UW228 subtype is not yet clearly established. Thus, a goal of this study was to identify protein markers and pathways that would help elucidate their subtype classification. A number of differentially expressed genes and proteins, including a number of adhesion, cytoskeletal and signaling molecules, were observed between the two cell lines. While several cancer-associated genes/proteins exhibited similar expression across the two cell lines, upregulation of a number of signature proteins and enrichment of key components of SHH and WNT signaling pathways were uniquely observed in Daoy and UW228, respectively. The novel information on differentially expressed genes/proteins and enriched pathways provide insights into the biology of MB, which could help elucidate their subtype classification.
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18
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Brägelmann J, Klümper N, Offermann A, von Mässenhausen A, Böhm D, Deng M, Queisser A, Sanders C, Syring I, Merseburger AS, Vogel W, Sievers E, Vlasic I, Carlsson J, Andrén O, Brossart P, Duensing S, Svensson MA, Shaikhibrahim Z, Kirfel J, Perner S. Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Mediator Complex Transcriptome Identifies CDK19 and CDK8 as Therapeutic Targets in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1829-1840. [PMID: 27678455 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The Mediator complex is a multiprotein assembly, which serves as a hub for diverse signaling pathways to regulate gene expression. Because gene expression is frequently altered in cancer, a systematic understanding of the Mediator complex in malignancies could foster the development of novel targeted therapeutic approaches.Experimental Design: We performed a systematic deconvolution of the Mediator subunit expression profiles across 23 cancer entities (n = 8,568) using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Prostate cancer-specific findings were validated in two publicly available gene expression cohorts and a large cohort of primary and advanced prostate cancer (n = 622) stained by immunohistochemistry. The role of CDK19 and CDK8 was evaluated by siRNA-mediated gene knockdown and inhibitor treatment in prostate cancer cell lines with functional assays and gene expression analysis by RNAseq.Results: Cluster analysis of TCGA expression data segregated tumor entities, indicating tumor-type-specific Mediator complex compositions. Only prostate cancer was marked by high expression of CDK19 In primary prostate cancer, CDK19 was associated with increased aggressiveness and shorter disease-free survival. During cancer progression, highest levels of CDK19 and of its paralog CDK8 were present in metastases. In vitro, inhibition of CDK19 and CDK8 by knockdown or treatment with a selective CDK8/CDK19 inhibitor significantly decreased migration and invasion.Conclusions: Our analysis revealed distinct transcriptional expression profiles of the Mediator complex across cancer entities indicating differential modes of transcriptional regulation. Moreover, it identified CDK19 and CDK8 to be specifically overexpressed during prostate cancer progression, highlighting their potential as novel therapeutic targets in advanced prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1829-40. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Brägelmann
- Section for Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niklas Klümper
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Lübeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Anne Offermann
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Lübeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Anne von Mässenhausen
- Section for Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Diana Böhm
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Lübeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Mario Deng
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Lübeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Angela Queisser
- Section for Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Sanders
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Lübeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Isabella Syring
- Section for Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Clinic for Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Axel S Merseburger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Wenzel Vogel
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Lübeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Sievers
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ignacija Vlasic
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Lübeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Jessica Carlsson
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ove Andrén
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Peter Brossart
- Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Molecular Uro-oncology, Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria A Svensson
- Department of Research and Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Zaki Shaikhibrahim
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Lübeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Jutta Kirfel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Lübeck and Borstel, Germany.
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Aiello D, Casadonte F, Terracciano R, Damiano R, Savino R, Sindona G, Napoli A. Targeted proteomic approach in prostatic tissue: a panel of potential biomarkers for cancer detection. Oncoscience 2016; 3:220-241. [PMID: 27713912 PMCID: PMC5043072 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the sixth highest causes of cancer-related deaths in men. The molecular events underlying its behavior and evolution are not completely understood. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the only approved Food and Drug Administration biomarker. A panel of ten stage-specific tumoral and adjacent non tumoral tissues from patients affected by PCa (Gleason score 6, 3+3; PSA 10 ÷19 ng/ml) was investigated by MS-based proteomics approach. The proposed method was based on identifying the base-soluble proteins from tissue, established an efficient study, which lead to a deeper molecular perspective understanding of the PCa. A total of 164 proteins were found and 132 of these were evaluated differentially expressed in tumoral tissues. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed that among all dataset obtained, 105 molecules were involved in epithelial neoplasia with a p-value of 3.62E-05, whereas, only 11 molecules detected were ascribed to sentinel tissue and bodily fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Aiello
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesca Casadonte
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosa Terracciano
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Damiano
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Savino
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sindona
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Anna Napoli
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Italy
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20
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Sayar N, Karahan G, Konu O, Bozkurt B, Bozdogan O, Yulug IG. Transgelin gene is frequently downregulated by promoter DNA hypermethylation in breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:104. [PMID: 26421063 PMCID: PMC4587865 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CpG hypermethylation in gene promoters is a frequent mechanism of tumor suppressor gene silencing in various types of cancers. It usually occurs at early steps of cancer progression and can be detected easily, giving rise to development of promising biomarkers for both detection and progression of cancer, including breast cancer. 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (AZA) is a DNA demethylating and anti-cancer agent resulting in induction of genes suppressed via DNA hypermethylation. Results Using microarray expression profiling of AZA- or DMSO-treated breast cancer and non-tumorigenic breast (NTB) cells, we identified for the first time TAGLN gene as a target of DNA hypermethylation in breast cancer. TAGLN expression was significantly and frequently downregulated via promoter DNA hypermethylation in breast cancer cells compared to NTB cells, and also in 13/21 (61.9 %) of breast tumors compared to matched normal tissues. Analyses of public microarray methylation data showed that TAGLN was also hypermethylated in 63.02 % of tumors compared to normal tissues; relapse-free survival of patients was worse with higher TAGLN methylation; and methylation levels could discriminate between tumors and healthy tissues with 83.14 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity. Additionally, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry experiments showed that TAGLN expression was significantly downregulated in two more independent sets of breast tumors compared to normal tissues and was lower in tumors with poor prognosis. Colony formation was increased in TAGLN silenced NTB cells, while decreased in overexpressing BC cells. Conclusions TAGLN gene is frequently downregulated by DNA hypermethylation, and TAGLN promoter methylation profiles could serve as a future diagnostic biomarker, with possible clinical impact regarding the prognosis in breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0138-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Sayar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Faculty of Science, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gurbet Karahan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Faculty of Science, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlen Konu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Faculty of Science, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betul Bozkurt
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onder Bozdogan
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Isik G Yulug
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Faculty of Science, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey
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21
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Bu J, Bu X, Liu B, Chen F, Chen P. Increased Expression of Tissue/Salivary Transgelin mRNA Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:2275-81. [PMID: 26242444 PMCID: PMC4530988 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transgelin is supposed to be a tumor suppression gene and it is down-regulated in a variety of human cancers. However, the role of transgelin in different cancers is still very controversial. In addition, currently little information is available the relationship between transgelin and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Material/Methods Western Blotting was performed to test the transgelin protein expression level in OSCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Real-time PCR was used to examine the expression level of transgelin mRNA in tissue, serum and saliva of OSCC patients and negative controls. The correlation between tissue and salivary transgelin mRNA expression level with a variety of clinical parameters was further studied. Results Transgelin protein expression was increased in OSCC patients compared with healthy individuals. Similarly, the expression level of both tissue and salivary transgelin mRNA were increased significantly in patients with OSCC in comparison with normal controls. However, little difference of serum transgelin mRNA expression was found between the OSCC patients and healthy controls. In addition, overexpression of tissue or salivary transgelin was closely associated with various clinical parameters including poorer overall survival. Furthermore, our results showed that tissue and salivary transgelin mRNA were independent prognosis factors for OSCC. Conclusions The expressions level of tissue mRNA and protein were increased in OSCC patients. Both tissue and salivary transgelin mRNA were closely correlated with various important clinicopathological parameters and were independent prognosis factors for OSCC, indicating they might serve promising biomarkers for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiu Bu
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xi Bu
- 5 Years of Clinical Medicine 97, The New Campus of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Bejing, China (mainland)
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
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22
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Rao D, Kimler BF, Nothnick WB, Davis MK, Fan F, Tawfik O. Transgelin: a potentially useful diagnostic marker differentially expressed in triple-negative and non-triple-negative breast cancers. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:876-83. [PMID: 25841305 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative (TN) (estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR] and HER2-) are highly aggressive, rapidly growing, hormone-unresponsive tumors diagnosed at later stage that affect younger women with shorter overall survival. Most TN tumors are of the basal type. For the remainder, identification of target markers for effective treatment strategies remains a challenge. Transgelin (TGLN) is a 22-kd actin-binding protein of the calponin family. It is one of the earliest markers of smooth muscle differentiation. TGLN has been shown to have important biologic activities including regulating muscle fiber contractility, cell migration, and tumor suppression. We examined TGLN expression in the different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. TGLN expression was examined as a function of tumor size, grade, histologic type, lymph node status, patients' age and overall survival, ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67 in 101 tumors that included 35 luminal A, 28 luminal B, 4 HER2, and 34 TN types. TGLN positivity (defined as 2+ or 3+) was associated with more aggressive tumors (10% of grade I/II tumors were TGLN+ versus 53% of grade III tumors; P < .001), high Ki-67 count, and low ER and PR expression (P < .001) but not with tumor size, age, or lymph node metastasis. TN (n = 34) tumors were 7.7 times more likely to be TGLN+ than non-TN (n = 67) tumors (77% versus 10%, respectively; P < .001). TGLN may be an excellent diagnostic marker of TN tumors and could be useful in stratification of patients. TGLN may also prove a potential target for future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Bruce F Kimler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Warren B Nothnick
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Marilyn K Davis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Fang Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Ossama Tawfik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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23
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Chen R, Zhang F, Song L, Shu Y, Lin Y, Dong L, Nie X, Zhang D, Chen P, Han M. Transcriptome profiling reveals that the SM22α-regulated molecular pathways contribute to vascular pathology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 72:263-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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24
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Sahasrabuddhe NA, Barbhuiya MA, Bhunia S, Subbannayya T, Gowda H, Advani J, Shrivastav BR, Navani S, Leal P, Roa JC, Chaerkady R, Gupta S, Chatterjee A, Pandey A, Tiwari PK. Identification of prosaposin and transgelin as potential biomarkers for gallbladder cancer using quantitative proteomics. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:863-9. [PMID: 24657443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is an uncommon but lethal malignancy with particularly high incidence in Chile, India, Japan and China. There is a paucity of unbiased large-scale studies investigating molecular basis of gallbladder cancer. To systematically identify differentially regulated proteins in gallbladder cancer, iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics of gallbladder cancer was carried out using Fourier transform high resolution mass spectrometry. Of the 2575 proteins identified, proteins upregulated in gallbladder cancer included several lysosomal proteins such as prosaposin, cathepsin Z and cathepsin H. Downregulated proteins included serine protease HTRA1 and transgelin, which have been reported to be downregulated in several other cancers. Novel biomarker candidates including prosaposin and transgelin were validated to be upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in gallbladder cancer using tissue microarrays. Our study provides the first large scale proteomic characterization of gallbladder cancer which will serve as a resource for future discovery of biomarkers for gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mustafa A Barbhuiya
- Centre for Genomics, Molecular and Human Genetics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India; School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Shushruta Bhunia
- Centre for Genomics, Molecular and Human Genetics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
| | - Tejaswini Subbannayya
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Jayshree Advani
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | | | | | - Pamela Leal
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pathology, Universidad de La Frontera, CEGIN-BIOREN, Temuco, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Gwalior, India
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pramod K Tiwari
- Centre for Genomics, Molecular and Human Genetics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India; School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India.
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Dvorakova M, Nenutil R, Bouchal P. Transgelins, cytoskeletal proteins implicated in different aspects of cancer development. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:149-65. [PMID: 24476357 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.860358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Transgelin is an abundant protein of smooth muscle cells, where its role has been primarily studied. As a protein affecting dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton via stabilization of actin filaments, transgelin is both directly and indirectly involved in many cancer-related processes such as migration, proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. Transgelin was previously reviewed as a tumor suppressor; however, recent data based on a number of proteomics studies indicate its pro-tumorigenic role, for example, in colorectal or hepatocellular cancer. We summarize these contradictory observations in both clinical and functional proteomics projects and analyze the role of transgelin in tumors in detail. Generally, the expression and biological role of transgelin seem to differ among various types of tumor cells and stroma, and possibly change during tumor progression. We also overview the recent data on transgelin-2, a sequence homolog of transgelin, whose role in the tumor development might be contradictory to the role of transgelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dvorakova
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Brno, Czech Republic
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Xie XL, Liu YB, Liu YP, Du BL, Li Y, Han M, Li BH. Reduced expression of SM22 is correlated with low autophagy activity in human colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2013; 209:237-43. [PMID: 23538046 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy with a high incidence and mortality rate. Recent studies have pointed to deregulation of autophagy as a novel pathogenesis of human malignancy. SM22 is considered as a tumor suppressor. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation of the SM22 expression level with the autophagy activity and the clinical characteristics in human CRC tissues. The expressions of SM22 and p62, a biomarker of autophagy activity, in paired tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues from 43 patients with colorectal cancer were detected by western blot and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. The results showed that the SM22 level decreased significantly in 81.4% CRC tissues, while the expression of p62 increased in 79.1% cases. There was a negative correlation between p62 and SM22 expressions in colorectal cancer tissues (p=0.004). Similarly, the negative correlation between SM22 and p62 was verified in human CRC cell lines. The data suggest that the autophagy activity decreased in human CRC, which was associated with reduction in SM22 expression. However, the expression of SM22 was not associated with the gender, tumor site and Duke's stage of the patients. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the disruption of SM22 may be involved in tumorigenesis in CRC. The autophagic activity may be suppressed in human CRC, and SM22 may act as a positive regulator in the processes of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
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Zhou L, Zhang R, Zhang L, Sun Y, Yao W, Zhao A, Li J, Yuan Y. Upregulation of transgelin is an independent factor predictive of poor prognosis in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:423-30. [PMID: 23331552 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgelin is a known actin-binding protein, which plays a role in regulating the functions of smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts. Recent evidence indicates that transgelin is involved in diverse human cancers, yet its role in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. We therefore evaluated the expression characteristics and function of transgelin in pancreatic cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of benign (n = 30 patients) and malignant (n = 114 patients) pancreatic ductal cells showed significantly higher transgelin staining in malignant cells. Lymph node metastasis (P = 0.026) and diabetes (P = 0.041) were shown to significantly correlate with transgelin protein expression. Patients with high transgelin expression showed a shorter 5-year overall survival and a lower tumor-specific survival than those with low transgelin expression. Multivariate analysis revealed that transgelin was an independent factor affecting pancreatic tumor-specific survival (P = 0.025). In vitro, RNA interference-mediated transgelin knockdown resulted in inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Depletion of transgelin expression could suppress pancreatic tumorigenicity and tumor growth in vivo, and produce enhanced cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that transgelin plays a promoting role in tumor progression, and appears to be a novel prognostic marker for advanced pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Lin H, Chen QL, Wang XY, Han W, He TY, Yan D, Chen K, Su LD. Clinical significance of pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 and transgelin-2 in pancreatic cancer. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2013; 26:147-56. [PMID: 23527717 DOI: 10.1177/039463201302600114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) is an oncogenic transcription factor that is overexpressed in many malignancies, especially cancers with metastatic potential, while transgelin-2 (TAGLN2) is an actin-binding protein shown to be a tumor suppressor. However, the expression and clinical significance of PTTG1 and TAGLN2 in pancreatic cancer remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of PTTG1 and TAGLN2 in human primary pancreatic cancer. Seventy-five cases of human pancreatic cancer tissues were collected. The expression of PTTG1 and TAGLN2 protein was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) through tissue microarray procedure. The clinicopathologic characteristics of all patients were analyzed. As a result, the expression of PTTG1 and TAGLN2 in cancerous tissues showed the positive staining mainly in the cytoplasm, and they were found in cancerous tissues with higher strong reactivity rate compared with the adjacent non-cancer tissues (ANCT) (56.0 percent vs 22.7 percent, P less than 0.001; 100 percent vs 84 percent, P=0.002), elevating with the ascending order of tumor malignancy. Furthermore, the positive expression of PTTG1 was associated with the gender of pancreatic cancer patients, but did not correlate with their age, pathological styles, tumor size, tumor sites, TNM staging, perineural infiltration and distant metastasis (each P greater than 0.05). In addition, Spearman rank correlation analysis showed the positive correlation of PTTG1 with TAGLN2 (r=0.624, P less than 0.001). Taken together, PTTG1 and TAGLN2 are highly expressed in human pancreatic cancer, and the positive expression of PTTG1 is associated with the gender of cancer patients, suggesting that it may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Fang YY, Su H, Zhou HM, Lin Y. Construction of a eukaryotic expression vector carrying tagln and establishment of a cell line stably expressing tagln. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:2397-2403. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i25.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To construct a eukaryotic expression plasmid carrying tagln (the gene encoding transgelin) and establish the human colon carcinoma cell line RKO stably expressing tagln.
METHODS: Using the Gateway Technology, a BP recombination reaction was performed using a construct carrying the tagln gene (pOTB7-TAGLN-mut) and a donor vector (pDONR221) to create an entry clone (pDONR221-TAGLN-mut). An LR recombination reaction was then performed between the entry clone and the destination vector (pcDNA6.2/EmGFP-Bsd/V5-DEST) to generate a recombinant plasmid (pcDNA6.2/EmGFP-Bsd/V5-TAGLN-mut). The recombinant plasmid was confirmed by sequencing. Lipofectamine-mediated transfection was performed in RKO cells and stable transfectants were selected. The stable expression of tagln in RKO cells was validated by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. Matrigel invasion assay was performed with these stable cell lines.
RESULTS: Sequencing analysis showed that tagln was successfully inserted into the pcDNA6.2/EmGFP-Bsd/V5-DEST plasmid. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting indicated that the expression of tagln increased remarkably in RKO cells transfected with the pcDNA6.2/EmGFP-Bsd/V5-TAGLN-mut plasmid (RKO-TAGLN cells) as compared to those transfected with the control vector (RKO-CTRL cells) and non-transfected RKO cells (relative mRNA expression levels 45.58 ± 12.79, 1.32 ± 0.43 vs 1, both P < 0.01; protein expression levels: 1.69 ± 0.04, 0.29 ± 0. 05 vs 0.29 ± 0.04, both P < 0.01). Overexpression of tagln increased cell invasion by 161.76% ± 61.18% in RKO cells (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: A eukaryotic expression plasmid carrying tagln has been successfully generated and a RKO cell line stably expressing tagln has been established. These lay a foundation for further research of the role of transgelin in human colon carcinoma.
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Thompson O, Moghraby JS, Ayscough KR, Winder SJ. Depletion of the actin bundling protein SM22/transgelin increases actin dynamics and enhances the tumourigenic phenotypes of cells. BMC Cell Biol 2012; 13:1. [PMID: 22257561 PMCID: PMC3280177 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-13-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SM22 has long been studied as an actin-associated protein. Interestingly, levels of SM22 are often reduced in tumour cell lines, while they are increased during senescence possibly indicating a role for SM22 in cell fate decisions via its interaction with actin. In this study we aimed to determine whether reducing levels of SM22 could actively contribute to a tumourigenic phenotype. Results We demonstrate that in REF52 fibroblasts, decreased levels of SM22 disrupt normal actin organization leading to changes in the motile behaviour of cells. Interestingly, SM22 depletion also led to an increase in the capacity of cells to spontaneously form podosomes with a concomitant increase in the ability to invade Matrigel. In PC3 prostate epithelial cancer cells by contrast, where SM22 is undetectable, re-expression of SM22 reduced the ability to invade Matrigel. Furthermore SM22 depleted cells also had reduced levels of reactive oxygen species when under serum starvation stress. Conclusions These findings suggest that depletion of SM22 could contribute to tumourigenic properties of cells. Reduction in SM22 levels would tend to promote cell survival when cells are under stress, such as in a hypoxic tumour environment, and may also contribute to increases in actin dynamics that favour metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Nadiminty N, Tummala R, Lou W, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Chen X, eVere White RW, Kung HJ, Evans CP, Gao AC. MicroRNA let-7c suppresses androgen receptor expression and activity via regulation of Myc expression in prostate cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:1527-37. [PMID: 22128178 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.278705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer continues to rely on androgen receptor (AR) expression. AR plays a central role in the development of prostate cancer and progression to castration resistance during and after androgen deprivation therapy. Here, we identified miR-let-7c as a key regulator of expression of AR. miR-let-7c suppresses AR expression and activity in human prostate cancer cells by targeting its transcription via c-Myc. Suppression of AR by let-7c leads to decreased cell proliferation of human prostate cancer cells. Down-regulation of Let-7c in prostate cancer specimens is inversely correlated with AR expression, whereas the expression of Lin28 (a repressor of let-7) is correlated positively with AR expression. Our study demonstrates that the miRNA let-7c plays an important role in the regulation of androgen signaling in prostate cancer by down-regulating AR expression. These results suggest that reconstitution of miR-let-7c may aid in targeting enhanced and hypersensitive AR in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagalakshmi Nadiminty
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA.
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Dos Santos Hidalgo G, Meola J, Rosa E Silva JC, Paro de Paz CC, Ferriani RA. TAGLN expression is deregulated in endometriosis and may be involved in cell invasion, migration, and differentiation. Fertil Steril 2011; 96:700-3. [PMID: 21763649 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We found an increased expression of the TAGLN gene in endometriotic lesions compared with the eutopic endometrium of the same patients by real-time polymerase chain reaction. It is possible that this deregulation contributes to the development and maintenance of endometriosis by being involved in the pathways of organization of cytoskeletal architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Dos Santos Hidalgo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
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Mehta HH, Gao Q, Galet C, Paharkova V, Wan J, Said J, Sohn JJ, Lawson G, Cohen P, Cobb LJ, Lee KW. IGFBP-3 is a metastasis suppression gene in prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2011; 71:5154-63. [PMID: 21697285 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-4513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor binding protein IGFBP-3 is a proapoptotic and antiangiogenic protein in prostate cancer (CaP). Epidemiologic studies suggest that low IGFBP-3 is associated with greater risk of aggressive, metastatic prostate cancers, but in vivo functional data are lacking. Here we show that mice that are genetically deficient in IGFBP-3 exhibit weaker growth of primary prostate tumors but higher incidence of metastatic disease. Prostates in IGFBP-3 knockout mice (IGFBP-3KO mice) failed to undergo apoptosis after castration. Spontaneous prostate tumors did not develop in IGFBP-3KO mice, but splenic lymphomas occurred in 23% of female IGFBP-3KO mice by 80 weeks of age. To assess the effects of IGFBP-3 deficiency on prostate cancer development, we crossed IGFBP-3KO mice with a c-Myc-driven model of CaP that develops slow-growing, nonmetastatic tumors. By 24 weeks of age, well-differentiated prostate cancers were observed in all mice regardless of IGFBP-3 status. However, by 80 weeks of age IGFBP-3KO mice tended to exhibit larger prostate tumors than control mice. More strikingly, lung metastases were observed at this time in 55% of the IGFBP-3KO mice but none in the control animals. Cell lines established from IGFBP-3KO:Myc tumors displayed more aggressive phenotypes in proliferation, invasion, and colony formation assays, relative to control Myc tumor cell lines. In addition, Myc:IGFBP-3KO cells exhibited evidence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Our findings established a function for IGFBP-3 in suppressing metastasis in prostate cancer, and they also offered the first reported transgenic model of spontaneous metastatic prostate cancer for studies of this advanced stage of disease.
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Lee JY, Kim BJ, Sim G, Kim GT, Kang D, Jung JH, Hwa JS, Kwak YJ, Choi YJ, Park YS, Han J, Lee CS, Kang KR. Spinal cord injury markedly altered protein expression patterns in the affected rat urinary bladder during healing stages. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:814-23. [PMID: 21655070 PMCID: PMC3102878 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.6.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of spinal cord injury (SCI) on protein expression in the rat urinary bladder was assessed by proteomic analysis at different time intervals post-injury. After contusion SCI between T9 and T10, bladder tissues were processed by 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/MS at 6 hr to 28 days after SCI to identify proteins involved in the healing process of SCI-induced neurogenic bladder. Approximately 1,000 spots from the bladder of SCI and sham groups were visualized and identified. At one day after SCI, the expression levels of three protein were increased, and seven spots were down-regulated, including heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) and heat shock protein 20 (Hsp20). Fifteen spots such as S100-A11 were differentially expressed seven days post-injury, and seven proteins including transgelin had altered expression patterns 28 days after injury. Of the proteins with altered expression levels, transgelin, S100-A11, Hsp27 and Hsp20 were continuously and variably expressed throughout the entire post-SCI recovery of the bladder. The identified proteins at each time point belong to eight functional categories. The altered expression patterns identified by 2-DE of transgelin and S100-A11 were verified by Western blot. Transgelin and protein S100-A11 may be candidates for protein biomarkers in the bladder healing process after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Lee
- MRCND and Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Program for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Bong Jo Kim
- MRCND and Department of Psychiatry, BK21 Program for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Gyujin Sim
- MRCND and Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Program for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Gyu-Tae Kim
- MRCND and Department of Physiology, BK21 Program for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Dawon Kang
- MRCND and Department of Physiology, BK21 Program for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jae Hun Jung
- MRCND and Department of Urology, BK21 Program for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Hwa
- MRCND and Department of Urology, BK21 Program for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Kwak
- MRCND and Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Program for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Yeon Jin Choi
- MRCND and Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Program for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young Sook Park
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Changwon Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jaehee Han
- MRCND and Department of Physiology, BK21 Program for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Cheol Soon Lee
- MRCND and Department of Psychiatry, BK21 Program for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Kee Ryeon Kang
- MRCND and Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Program for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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GLI1 confers profound phenotypic changes upon LNCaP prostate cancer cells that include the acquisition of a hormone independent state. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20271. [PMID: 21633508 PMCID: PMC3102098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The GLI (GLI1/GLI2) transcription factors have been implicated in the development and progression of prostate cancer although our understanding of how they actually contribute to the biology of these common tumours is limited. We observed that GLI reporter activity was higher in normal (PNT-2) and tumourigenic (DU145 and PC-3) androgen-independent cells compared to androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cells and, accordingly, GLI mRNA levels were also elevated. Ectopic expression of GLI1 or the constitutively active ΔNGLI2 mutant induced a distinct cobblestone-like morphology in LNCaP cells that, regarding the former, correlated with increased GLI2 as well as expression of the basal/stem-like markers CD44, β1-integrin, ΔNp63 and BMI1, and decreased expression of the luminal marker AR (androgen receptor). LNCaP-GLI1 cells were viable in the presence of the AR inhibitor bicalutamide and gene expression profiling revealed that the transcriptome of LNCaP-GLI1 cells was significantly closer to DU145 and PC-3 cells than to control LNCaP-pBP (empty vector) cells, as well as identifying LCN2/NGAL as a highly induced transcript which is associated with hormone independence in breast and prostate cancer. Functionally, LNCaP-GLI1 cells displayed greater clonal growth and were more invasive than control cells but they did not form colonies in soft agar or prostaspheres in suspension suggesting that they do not possess inherent stem cell properties. Moreover, targeted suppression of GLI1 or GLI2 with siRNA did not reverse the transformed phenotype of LNCaP-GLI1 cells nor did double GLI1/GLI2 knockdowns activate AR expression in DU145 or PC-3 cells. As such, early targeting of the GLI oncoproteins may hinder progression to a hormone independent state but a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms that maintain this phenotype is required to determine if their inhibition will enhance the efficacy of anti-hormonal therapy through the induction of a luminal phenotype and increased dependency upon AR function.
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Does TGF-β induced formation of actin stress fibres reinforce Smad dependent TGF-β signalling in the prostate? Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:802-4. [PMID: 21421289 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the normal prostate, and during early stages of prostate cancer (PCa) development, the cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) acts as a tumour suppressor by inducing cytostasis and apoptosis. However, during tumour development these Smad signalling-dependent endpoints are lost in favour of Smad-independent tumourigenic actions of TGF-β. In this working hypothesis we present an argument for an intimate association between the TGF-β signalling pathway and the actin cytoskeleton that acts to reinforce the tumour suppressive actions of TGF-β in the normal prostate epithelial cell. The rationale is that TGF-β induces expression of the actin binding and stabilising proteins transgelin and tropomyosin. Expression of these proteins is progressively repressed during PCa development, and is inhibited by constitutive activation of the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway, also known to antagonise TGF-β tumour suppression in PCa. The subsequent de-stabilisation of the actin cytoskeleton might, therefore, result in suppression of TGF-β/Smad signalling as an intact link between cytoskeleton and TGF-β receptor/Smad complex is essential. Filamin A is a scaffold protein that provides this link for receptor associated Smads. It is required for activation of the TGF-β signal transduction pathway. Thus, actin filament disorganisation would prevent Filamin A/R-Smad mediated TGF-β signalling, a subsequent loss of tumour suppression and hence promote the progression of PCa. Furthermore, it could be one mechanism by which the switch to a TGF-β tumourigenic response occurs.
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Heller A, Zörnig I, Müller T, Giorgadze K, Frei C, Giese T, Bergmann F, Schmidt J, Werner J, Buchler MW, Jaeger D, Giese NA. Immunogenicity of SEREX-identified antigens and disease outcome in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1389-400. [PMID: 20514540 PMCID: PMC11029919 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite spontaneous or vaccination-induced immune responses, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most deadly immunotherapy-resistant malignancies. We sought to comprehend the spectrum of pancreatic tumor-associated antigens (pTAAs) and to assess the clinical relevance of their immunogenicity. An autologous SEREX-based screening of a cDNA library constructed from a pancreatic T3N0M0/GIII specimen belonging to a long-term survivor (36 months) revealed 18 immunogenic pTAA. RT-PCR analysis displayed broad distribution of the identified antigens among normal human tissues. PNLIPRP2 and MIA demonstrated the most distinct pancreatic cancer-specific patterns. ELISA-based screening of sera for corresponding autoantibodies revealed that although significantly increased, the immunogenicity of these molecules was not a common feature in pancreatic cancer. QRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry characterized PNLIPRP2 as a robust acinar cell-specific marker whose decreased expression mirrored the disappearance of parenchyma in the diseased organ, but was not related to the presence of PNLIPRP2 autoantibodies. Analyses of MIA-known to be preferentially expressed in malignant cells-surprisingly revealed an inverse correlation between intratumoral gene expression and the emergence of autoantibodies. MIA(high) patients were autoantibody-negative and had shorter median survival when compared with autoantibody-positive MIA(low) patients (12 vs. 34 months). The observed pTAA spectrum comprised molecules associated with acinar, stromal and malignant structures, thus presenting novel targets for tumor cell-specific therapies as well as for approaches based on the bystander effects. Applying the concept of cancer immunoediting to interpret relationships between gene expression, antitumor immune responses, and clinical outcome might better discriminate between past and ongoing immune responses, consequently enabling prognostic stratification of patients and individual adjustment of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Heller
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 116, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I. Zörnig
- Medical Oncology, National Centre of Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. Müller
- Medical Oncology, National Centre of Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K. Giorgadze
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 116, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Frei
- Medical Oncology, National Centre of Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. Giese
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 305, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F. Bergmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 220, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 116, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Werner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 116, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. W. Buchler
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 116, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Jaeger
- Medical Oncology, National Centre of Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N. A. Giese
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 116, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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