1
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Juaiti M, Feng Y, Tang Y, Liang B, Zha L, Yu Z. Integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental animal models identify a robust biomarker and its correlation with the immune microenvironment in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29587. [PMID: 38660271 PMCID: PMC11040037 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) represents a substantial global risk to human health. This study aims to identify diagnostic biomarkers for PAH and assess their association with the immune microenvironment through the utilization of sophisticated bioinformatics techniques. Methods Based on two microarray datasets, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, and hub genes underwent a sequence of machine learning analyses. After pathways associated with PAH were assessed by gene enrichment analysis, the identified genes were validated using external datasets and confirmed in a monocrotaline (MCT)-induced rat model. In addition, three algorithms were employed to estimate the proportions of various immune cell types, and the link between hub genes and immune cells was substantiated. Results Using SVM, LASSO, and WGCNA, we identified seven hub genes, including (BPIFA1, HBA2, HBB, LOC441081, PI15, S100A9, and WIF1), of which only BPIFA1 remained stable in the external datasets and was validated in an MCT-induced rat model. Furthermore, the results of the functional enrichment analysis established a link between PAH and both metabolism and the immune system. Correlation assessment showed that BPIFA1 expression in the MCP-counter algorithm was negatively associated with various immune cell types, positively correlated with macrophages in the ssGSEA algorithm, and correlated with M1 and M2 macrophages in the CIBERSORT algorithm. Conclusion BPIFA1 serves as a modulator of PAH, with the potential to impact the immune microenvironment and disease progression, possibly through its regulatory influence on both M1 and M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukamengjiang Juaiti
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yilu Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Benhui Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Lihuang Zha
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zaixin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
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2
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Ahmad HI, Khan FA, Khan MA, Imran S, Akhtar RW, Pandupuspitasari NS, Negara W, Chen J. Molecular Evolution of the Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein (BPIFA1) Regulating the Innate Immune Responses in Mammals. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:genes14010015. [PMID: 36672756 PMCID: PMC9858190 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein, a primary factor of the innate immune system of mammals, participates in natural immune protection against invading bacteria. BPIFA1 actively contributes to host defense via multiple mechanisms, such as antibacterial, surfactant, airway surface liquid control, and immunomodulatory activities. However, the evolutionary history and selection forces on the BPIFA1 gene in mammals during adaptive evolution are poorly understood. This study examined the BPIFA1 gene of humans compared with that of other mammalian species to estimate the selective pressure derived by adaptive evolution. To assess whether or not positive selection occurred, we employed several different possibility tests (M1 vs. M2 and M7 vs. M8). The proportions of positively selected sites were significant, with a likelihood log value of 93.63 for the BPIFA1 protein. The Selecton server was used on the same dataset to reconfirm positive selection for specific sites by employing the Mechanistic-Empirical Combination model, thus providing additional evidence supporting the findings of positive selection. There was convincing evidence for positive selection signals in the BPIFA1 genes of mammalian species, which was more significant for selection signs and creating signals. We performed probability tests comparing various models based on dN/dS ratios to recognize specific codons under positive selection pressure. We identified positively selected sites in the LBP-BPI domain of BPIFA1 proteins in the mammalian genome, including a lipid-binding domain with a very high degree of selectivity for DPPC. BPIFA1 activates the upper airway's innate immune system in response to numerous genetic signals in the mammalian genome. These findings highlight evolutionary advancements in immunoregulatory effects that play a significant role in the antibacterial and antiviral defenses of mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (H.I.A.); (J.C.)
| | - Faheem Ahmed Khan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Musarrat Abbas Khan
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Safdar Imran
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Rana Waseem Akhtar
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Nuruliarizki Shinta Pandupuspitasari
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Animal Science Department, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Windu Negara
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Jinping Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
- Correspondence: (H.I.A.); (J.C.)
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3
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Oyama Y, Shuff SR, Burns N, Vohwinkel CU, Eckle T. Intense light-elicited alveolar type 2-specific circadian PER2 protects from bacterial lung injury via BPIFB1. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L647-L661. [PMID: 35272486 PMCID: PMC9037706 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00301.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian amplitude enhancement has the potential to be organ protective but has not been studied in acute lung injury (ALI). Consistent light and dark cycles are crucial for the amplitude regulation of the circadian rhythm protein Period2 (PER2). Housing mice under intense instead of ambient light for 1 wk (light: dark cycle:14h:10h), we demonstrated a robust increase of pulmonary PER2 trough and peak levels, which is consistent with circadian amplitude enhancement. A search for the affected lung cell type suggested alveolar type 2 (ATII) cells as strong candidates for light induction of PER2. A head-to-head comparison of mice with cell-type-specific deletion of Per2 in ATII, endothelial, or myeloid cells uncovered a dramatic phenotype in mice with an ATII-specific deletion of Per2. During Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced ALI, mice with Per2 deletion in ATII cells showed 0% survival, whereas 85% of control mice survived. Subsequent studies demonstrated that intense light therapy dampened lung inflammation or improved the alveolar barrier function during P. aeruginosa-induced ALI, which was abolished in mice with an ATII-specific deletion of Per2. A genome-wide mRNA array uncovered bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing family B member 1 (BPIFB1) as a downstream target of intense light-elicited ATII-PER2 mediated lung protection. Using the flavonoid and PER2 amplitude enhancer nobiletin, we recapitulated the lung-protective and anti-inflammatory effects of light and BPIFB1, respectively. Together, our studies demonstrate that light-elicited amplitude enhancement of ATII-specific PER2 is a critical control point of inflammatory pathways during bacterial ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Oyama
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado,2Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Sydney R. Shuff
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nana Burns
- 3Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christine U. Vohwinkel
- 3Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tobias Eckle
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado,4Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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4
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Del-Pozo J, Headon DJ, Glover JD, Azar A, Schuepbach-Mallepell S, Bhutta MF, Riddell J, Maxwell S, Milne E, Schneider P, Cheeseman M. The EDA deficient mouse has Zymbal's gland hypoplasia and acute otitis externa. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274882. [PMID: 35107126 PMCID: PMC8990926 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice, rats, dogs and humans, the growth and function of sebaceous glands and eyelid Meibomian glands depend on the ectodysplasin signalling pathway. Mutation of genes encoding the ligand EDA, its transmembrane receptor EDAR and the intracellular signal transducer EDARADD leads to hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, characterised by impaired development of teeth and hair, as well as cutaneous glands. The rodent ear canal has a large auditory sebaceous gland, the Zymbal’s gland, the function of which in the health of the ear canal has not been determined. We report that EDA-deficient mice, EDAR-deficient mice and EDARADD-deficient rats have Zymbal’s gland hypoplasia. EdaTa mice have 25% prevalence of otitis externa at postnatal day 21 and treatment with agonist anti-EDAR antibodies rescues Zymbal’s glands. The aetiopathogenesis of otitis externa involves infection with Gram-positive cocci, and dosing pregnant and lactating EdaTa females and pups with enrofloxacin reduces the prevalence of otitis externa. We infer that the deficit of sebum is the principal factor in predisposition to bacterial infection, and the EdaTa mouse is a potentially useful microbial challenge model for human acute otitis externa. Summary: Ectodysplasin-deficient mice have growth retardation of the auditory sebaceous Zymbal's gland and are predisposed to spontaneous bacterial infection of the outer ear canal by opportunistic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Del-Pozo
- Veterinary Pathology, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Denis J Headon
- Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - James D Glover
- Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Ali Azar
- Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Mahmood F Bhutta
- Department of ENT, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton BN2 5BE, UK.,Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer Brighton BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Jon Riddell
- Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Scott Maxwell
- Veterinary Pathology, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Elspeth Milne
- Veterinary Pathology, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Michael Cheeseman
- Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK.,Division of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, Scotland, UK.,Centre for Comparative Pathology, Division of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, Scotland, UK
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5
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Lange M, Bergen V, Klein M, Setty M, Reuter B, Bakhti M, Lickert H, Ansari M, Schniering J, Schiller HB, Pe'er D, Theis FJ. CellRank for directed single-cell fate mapping. Nat Methods 2022; 19:159-170. [PMID: 35027767 PMCID: PMC8828480 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Computational trajectory inference enables the reconstruction of cell state dynamics from single-cell RNA sequencing experiments. However, trajectory inference requires that the direction of a biological process is known, largely limiting its application to differentiating systems in normal development. Here, we present CellRank (https://cellrank.org) for single-cell fate mapping in diverse scenarios, including regeneration, reprogramming and disease, for which direction is unknown. Our approach combines the robustness of trajectory inference with directional information from RNA velocity, taking into account the gradual and stochastic nature of cellular fate decisions, as well as uncertainty in velocity vectors. On pancreas development data, CellRank automatically detects initial, intermediate and terminal populations, predicts fate potentials and visualizes continuous gene expression trends along individual lineages. Applied to lineage-traced cellular reprogramming data, predicted fate probabilities correctly recover reprogramming outcomes. CellRank also predicts a new dedifferentiation trajectory during postinjury lung regeneration, including previously unknown intermediate cell states, which we confirm experimentally. CellRank infers directed cell state transitions and cell fates incorporating RNA velocity information into a graph based Markov process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Lange
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Bergen
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michal Klein
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manu Setty
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Basic Sciences Division and Translational Data Science IRC, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Bernhard Reuter
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Meshal Ansari
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) / Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Janine Schniering
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) / Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) / Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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6
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Li Z, Du Z, Li J, Sun Y. Comparative analysis on lung transcriptome of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (Mo) - infected Bashbay sheep and argali hybrid sheep. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:327. [PMID: 34645427 PMCID: PMC8511284 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bashbay sheep (Bbs) has a certain degree of resistance to Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (Mo), however, Argali hybrid sheep (Ahs) is susceptible to Mo. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the difference of the susceptibility for Mo infection, RNA-sequencing technology was used to compare the transcriptomic response of the lung tissue of Mo-infected Bbs and Ahs. Results Six Bbs and six Ahs were divided into experimental group and control group respectively, all of them were experimentally infected with Mo by intratracheal injection. For collecting lung tissue samples, three Bbs and three Ahs were sacrificed on day 4 post-infection, and the others were sacrificed on day 14 post-infection. Total RNA extracted from lung tissue were used for transcriptome analyses based on high-throughput sequencing technique and bioinformatics. The results showed that 212 (146 up-regulated, 66 down-regulated) DEGs were found when comparing transcriptomic data of Bbs and Ahs at 4th dpi, besides, 311 (158 up-regulated, 153 down-regulated) DEGs were found at 14th dpi. After GO analysis, three main GO items protein glycosylation, immune response and positive regulation of gene expression were found related to Mo infection. In addition, there were 20 DEGs enriched in these above items, such as SPLUC1 (BPIFA1), P2X7R, DQA, HO-1 and SP-A (SFTPA-1). Conclusions These selected 20 DEGs associated with Mo infection laid the foundation for further study on the underlying molecular mechanism involved in high level of resistance to Mo expressed by Bbs, meanwhile, provided deeper understandings about the development of pathogenicity and host-pathogen interactions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-03040-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Zhihui Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Yanming Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China.
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7
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Mulay A, Chowdhury MMK, James CT, Bingle L, Bingle CD. The transcriptional landscape of the cultured murine middle ear epithelium in vitro. Biol Open 2021; 10:258492. [PMID: 33913472 PMCID: PMC8084567 DOI: 10.1242/bio.056564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is the most common paediatric disease and leads to significant morbidity. Although understanding of underlying disease mechanisms is hampered by complex pathophysiology, it is clear that epithelial abnormalities underpin the disease. The mechanisms underpinning epithelial remodelling in OM remain unclear. We recently described a novel in vitro model of mouse middle ear epithelial cells (mMEECs) that undergoes mucociliary differentiation into the varied epithelial cell populations seen in the middle ear cavity. We now describe genome wide gene expression profiles of mMEECs as they undergo differentiation. We compared the gene expression profiles of original (uncultured) middle ear cells, confluent cultures of undifferentiated cells and cells that had been differentiated for 7 days at an air liquid interface (ALI). >5000 genes were differentially expressed among the three groups of cells. Approximately 4000 genes were differentially expressed between the original cells and day 0 of ALI culture. The original cell population was shown to contain a mix of cell types, including contaminating inflammatory cells that were lost on culture. Approximately 500 genes were upregulated during ALI induced differentiation. These included some secretory genes and some enzymes but most were associated with the process of ciliogenesis. The data suggest that the in vitro model of differentiated murine middle ear epithelium exhibits a transcriptional profile consistent with the mucociliary epithelium seen within the middle ear. Knowledge of the transcriptional landscape of this epithelium will provide a basis for understanding the phenotypic changes seen in murine models of OM. Summary: This paper presents a genome wide transcriptional analysis of murine middle ear epithelial cells as they undergo differentiation to a mucociliary phenotype representative of the native middle ear epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Mulay
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Md Miraj K Chowdhury
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Cameron T James
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Lynne Bingle
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Colin D Bingle
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.,The Florey Institute for Host Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S102TN, UK
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8
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Li Z, Du Z, Sun Y, Wang J, Liu H, Yang Y, Zhao N. Comprehensive RNA-Seq profiling of the lung transcriptome of Argali hybrid sheep in response to experimental Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:57-68. [PMID: 32505020 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An experiment was conducted to reveal why the Argali hybrid sheep are susceptible to Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection, the causative agent of mycoplasma ovipneumonia, a chronic respiratory disease that is harmful to the sheep industry. RESULTS After nine Argali hybrid sheep, divided into three groups, were experimentally infected with an M. ovipneumoniae strain at 0, 4 and 14 days, transcriptome profiling of lung tissues was performed by deep RNA sequencing, using the Illumina platform. Analysis of differentially expressed genes was performed to determine concomitant gene-specific temporal patterns of mRNA expression in the lungs after M. ovipneumoniae infection. 156 differentially expressed genes (44 up-regulated, 112 down-regulated) were found when comparing transcriptomic data at 4 and 0 days post-infection, and 367 (35 up-regulated, 332 down-regulated) when comparing 14 versus 0 days post-infection. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes at 4 and 14 versus 0 days post-infection were enriched in 109 and 150 pathways, respectively, and the Primary immunodeficiency pathway was considered most closely related to MO infection (p < .01). Hyper-IgM syndrome was identified based on the B-cell Immunodeficiency signaling pathway from differentially expressed genes related to M. ovipneumoniae infection. Gene Ontology analysis showed that differentially expressed genes in different groups were enriched for 497 and 928 terms, where those most closely related to M. ovipneumoniae infection are ciliated motor damage (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS The situation that ciliary movement is significantly inhibited and B cells in immunodeficiency are possibly the most important reason why Argali hybrid sheep are susceptible to MO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Zhihui Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Yanming Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Jixue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
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9
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Li J, Xu P, Wang L, Feng M, Chen D, Yu X, Lu Y. Molecular biology of BPIFB1 and its advances in disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:651. [PMID: 32566588 PMCID: PMC7290611 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bactericidal/permeability-increasing (BPI)-fold-containing family B member 1 (BPIFB1), also known as long-palate lung and nasal epithelium clone 1 (LPLUNC1), belongs to the BPI-fold-containing family, is a newly discovered natural immune protection molecule, which, having the function of bactericidal and osmotic enhancement protein domain, can respond to the external physical and chemical stimuli. The gene of BPIFB1 is located at chromosome 20q11.21-20q11.22, and contains 16 exons and 15 introns, encoding 484 amino acids. The 5' terminal of the BPIFB1 protein has a signal peptide sequence composed of 19 amino acids. BPIFB1 is abnormally expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), gastric cancer, and other cancer tissues, regulate chronic infections and inflammation, indicating that it may play an important role in the development of tumors. Meanwhile, BPIFB1 has well-recognized roles in sensing and responding to Gram-negative bacteria due to its structural similarity with BPI protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein, both of which are innate immune molecules with recognized roles in sensing and responding to Gram-negative bacteria, so it can regulate cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and other respiratory diseases. In this article, we will discuss the progress of BPIFB1 in a variety of diseases and fully understand its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengjie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongzhen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
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10
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Giese APJ, Ali S, Isaiah A, Aziz I, Riazuddin S, Ahmed ZM. Genomics of Otitis Media (OM): Molecular Genetics Approaches to Characterize Disease Pathophysiology. Front Genet 2020; 11:313. [PMID: 32391049 PMCID: PMC7191070 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is an infective and inflammatory disorder known to be a major cause of hearing impairment across all age groups. Both acute and chronic OM result in substantial healthcare utilization related to antibiotic prescription and surgical procedures necessary for its management. Although several studies provided evidence of genetics playing a significant role in the susceptibility to OM, we had limited knowledge about the genes associated with OM until recently. Here we have summarized the known genetic factors that confer susceptibility to various forms of OM in mice and in humans and their genetic load, along with associated cellular signaling pathways. Spotlighted in this review are fucosyltransferase (FUT) enzymes, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of OM. A comprehensive understanding of the functions of OM-associated genes may provide potential opportunities for its diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud P J Giese
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Saadat Ali
- The Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amal Isaiah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ishrat Aziz
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zubair M Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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11
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Tomazic PV, Darnhofer B, Birner-Gruenberger R. Nasal mucus proteome and its involvement in allergic rhinitis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:191-199. [PMID: 32266843 PMCID: PMC7261402 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1748502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Nasal mucus is the first line defense barrier against various pathogens including allergens. Proteins in nasal mucus maybe used as biomarkers for diagnosis or future therapeutic strategies. Proteomics opens the possibility to investigate whole human proteomes. Areas Covered: We aimed to analyze the existing literature on nasal mucus and nasal secretions proteomic approaches especially in allergic rhinitis. A PubMed/Medline search was conducted entering the following keywords and combinations: “nasal mucus”, “nasal lavage fluid,” nasal secretions,” “nasal swabs,” “allergic rhinitis,” ”proteins,” and “proteomics.” Expert opinion: The majority of studies focus on single proteins or protein groups mainly using ELISA techniques. Four studies met the criteria using mass spectrometry in the analysis of nasal mucus proteomes in rhinologic diseases. In these studies, 7, 35, 267, and 430 proteins were identified, respectively. These four studies are discussed in this review and put in relation to seven other proteomic studies that focus on nasal lavage fluid and nasal secretions obtained by swabs or filter paper. To put it in a nutshell, proteomics facilitates the investigation of the nasal secretome and its role in healthy and diseased state and as potential biomarkers for new diagnostic or therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Darnhofer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, The Omics Center Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, The Omics Center Graz, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
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12
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High concentrations of middle ear antimicrobial peptides and proteins and proinflammatory cytokines are associated with detection of middle ear pathogens in children with recurrent acute otitis media. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227080. [PMID: 31877198 PMCID: PMC6932785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent and chronic otitis media (OM) are often refractory to antibiotics due to bacterial persistence in biofilm within the middle ear. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) are bactericidal against otopathogens, indicating potential therapeutic value for recalcitrant OM. We measured concentrations of 6 AMPs and 14 cytokines in middle ear effusion (MEE) from 67 children undergoing ventilation tube insertion for recurrent acute OM. Sixty one percent of children had bacterial otopathogens detected in their MEE, 39% by PCR and 22% by PCR and culture. Groups were defined as: PCR-negative/culture-negative (absence of bacterial otopathogen), n = 26; PCR-positive/culture-negative (presence of nonculturable bacterial otopathogen), n = 26; PCR-positive/culture-positive (presence of culturable bacterial otopathogen), n = 15. Age, antibiotic usage, day-care attendance, presence of respiratory viruses in MEE and number of AOM episodes were similar between groups. AMP and cytokine concentrations were higher in children with bacterial otopathogens in their MEE compared to those with no bacterial otopathogens. Median concentrations of AMPs (except HBD2) were 3 to 56-fold higher in MEE from children with bacterial otopathogens detected in their MEE (P ≤ 0.01). Similarly, median cytokine concentrations (except TGFβ) were >16-fold higher in MEE with bacterial otopathogens detected (P ≤ 0.001). This is the first study to measure AMPs in MEE and together with the cytokine data, results suggest that elevated AMPs and cytokines in MEE are a marker of inflammation and bacterial persistence. AMPs may play an important role in OM pathogenesis.
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13
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Del-Pozo J, MacIntyre N, Azar A, Headon D, Schneider P, Cheeseman M. Role of ectodysplasin signalling in middle ear and nasal pathology in rat and mouse models of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/4/dmm037804. [PMID: 31028034 PMCID: PMC6505480 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.037804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with mutations in the ectodysplasin receptor signalling pathway genes - the X-linked ligand ectodysplasin-A (EDA), the receptor EDAR or the receptor adapter EDARADD - have hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED). In addition to having impaired development of teeth, hair, eccrine sweat glands, and salivary and mammary glands, HED patients have ear, nose and throat disease. The mouse strains Tabby (EdaTa ) and downless (Edardl-J/dl-J ) have rhinitis and otitis media due to loss of submucosal glands in the upper airway. We report that prenatal correction of EDAR signalling in EdaTa mice with the agonist anti-EDAR antibody rescues the auditory-tube submucosal glands and prevents otitis media, rhinitis and nasopharyngitis. The sparse- and wavy-haired (swh) rat strain carries a mutation in the Edaradd gene and has similar cutaneous HED phenotypes to mouse models. We report that auditory-tube submucosal glands are smaller in the homozygous mutant Edaraddswh/swh than those in unaffected heterozygous Edaraddswh/+ rats, and that this predisposes them to otitis media. Furthermore, the pathogenesis of otitis media in the rat HED model differs from that in mice, as otitis media is the primary pathology, and rhinitis is a later-onset phenotype. These findings in rodent HED models imply that hypomorphic as well as null mutations in EDAR signalling pathway genes may predispose to otitis media in humans. In addition, this work suggests that the recent successful prenatal treatment of X-linked HED (XLHED) in humans may also prevent ear, nose and throat disease, and provides diagnostic criteria that distinguish HED-associated otitis media from chronic otitis media with effusion, which is common in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Del-Pozo
- Veterinary Pathology, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Neil MacIntyre
- Veterinary Pathology, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Ali Azar
- Developmental Biology Division, Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Denis Headon
- Developmental Biology Division, Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Michael Cheeseman
- Developmental Biology Division, Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK .,Centre for Comparative Pathology & Division of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
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14
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Del-Pozo J, MacIntyre N, Azar A, Glover J, Milne E, Cheeseman M. Chronic otitis media is initiated by a bulla cavitation defect in the FBXO11 mouse model. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/3/dmm038315. [PMID: 30898767 PMCID: PMC6451434 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.038315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory bulla cavitation defects are a cause of otitis media, but the normal cellular pattern of bulla mesenchyme regression and its failure are not well understood. In mice, neural-crest-derived mesenchyme occupies the bulla from embryonic day 17.5 (E17.5) to postnatal day 11 (P11) and then regresses to form the adult air-filled bulla cavity. We report that bulla mesenchyme is bordered by a single layer of non-ciliated epithelium characterized by interdigitating cells with desmosome cell junctions and a basal lamina, and by Bpifa1 gene expression and laminin staining of the basal lamina. At P11-P12, the mesenchyme shrinks: mesenchyme-associated epithelium shortens, and mesenchymal cells and extracellular matrix collagen fibrils condense, culminating in the formation of cochlea promontory mucosa bordered by compact non-ciliated epithelial cells. FBXO11 is a candidate disease gene in human chronic otitis media with effusion and we report that a bulla cavitation defect initiates the pathogenesis of otitis media in the established mouse model Jeff (Fbxo11Jf/+). Persistent mesenchyme in Fbxo11Jf/+ bullae has limited mesenchymal cell condensation, fibrosis and hyperplasia of the mesenchyme-associated epithelium. Subsequent modification forms fibrous adhesions that link the mucosa and the tympanic membrane, and this is accompanied by dystrophic mineralization and accumulation of serous effusion in the bulla cavity. Mouse models of bulla cavitation defects are important because their study in humans is limited to post-mortem samples. This work indicates new diagnostic criteria for this otitis media aetiology in humans, and the prospects of studying the molecular mechanisms of murine bulla cavitation in organ culture. Summary: FBXO11 is a candidate disease gene for otitis media in humans and the authors report that a bulla cavitation defect initiates otitis media in the Fbxo11Jf/+ mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Del-Pozo
- Veterinary Pathology, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Neil MacIntyre
- Veterinary Pathology, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Ali Azar
- Developmental Biology Division, Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - James Glover
- Developmental Biology Division, Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Elspeth Milne
- Veterinary Pathology, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Michael Cheeseman
- Developmental Biology Division, Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK .,Centre for Comparative Pathology & Division of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
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15
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Mulay A, Hood DW, Williams D, Russell C, Brown SDM, Bingle L, Cheeseman M, Bingle CD. Loss of the homeostatic protein BPIFA1, leads to exacerbation of otitis media severity in the Junbo mouse model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3128. [PMID: 29449589 PMCID: PMC5814562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Otitis Media (OM) is characterized by epithelial abnormalities and defects in innate immunity in the middle ear (ME). Although, BPIFA1, a member of the BPI fold containing family of putative innate defence proteins is abundantly expressed by the ME epithelium and SNPs in Bpifa1 have been associated with OM susceptibility, its role in the ME is not well characterized. We investigated the role of BPIFA1 in protection of the ME and the development of OM using murine models. Loss of Bpifa1 did not lead to OM development. However, deletion of Bpifa1 in Evi1Jbo/+ mice, a model of chronic OM, caused significant exacerbation of OM severity, thickening of the ME mucosa and increased collagen deposition, without a significant increase in pro-inflammatory gene expression. Our data suggests that BPIFA1 is involved in maintaining homeostasis within the ME under steady state conditions and its loss in the presence of inflammation, exacerbates epithelial remodelling leading to more severe OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Mulay
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Derek W Hood
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Didcot, UK
| | - Debbie Williams
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Didcot, UK
| | - Catherine Russell
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Steve D M Brown
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Didcot, UK
| | - Lynne Bingle
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michael Cheeseman
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Division of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin D Bingle
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. .,Florey Institute for Host Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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16
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An innate defense peptide BPIFA1/SPLUNC1 restricts influenza A virus infection. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:71-81. [PMID: 28513596 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The airway epithelium secretes proteins that function in innate defense against infection. Bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing family member A1 (BPIFA1) is secreted into airways and has a protective role during bacterial infections, but it is not known whether it also has an antiviral role. To determine a role in host defense against influenza A virus (IAV) infection and to find the underlying defense mechanism, we developed transgenic mouse models that are deficient in BPIFA1 and used these, in combination with in vitro three-dimensional mouse tracheal epithelial cell (mTEC) cultures, to investigate its antiviral properties. We show that BPIFA1 has a significant role in mucosal defense against IAV infection. BPIFA1 secretion was highly modulated after IAV infection. Mice deficient in BPIFA1 lost more weight after infection, supported a higher viral load and virus reached the peripheral lung earlier, indicative of a defect in the control of infection. Further analysis using mTEC cultures showed that BPIFA1-deficient cells bound more virus particles, displayed increased nuclear import of IAV ribonucleoprotein complexes, and supported higher levels of viral replication. Our results identify a critical role of BPIFA1 in the initial phase of infection by inhibiting the binding and entry of IAV into airway epithelial cells.
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17
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Barkauskas CE, Chung MI, Fioret B, Gao X, Katsura H, Hogan BLM. Lung organoids: current uses and future promise. Development 2017; 144:986-997. [PMID: 28292845 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lungs are composed of a system of highly branched tubes that bring air into the alveoli, where gas exchange takes place. The proximal and distal regions of the lung contain epithelial cells specialized for different functions: basal, secretory and ciliated cells in the conducting airways and type II and type I cells lining the alveoli. Basal, secretory and type II cells can be grown in three-dimensional culture, with or without supporting stromal cells, and under these conditions they give rise to self-organizing structures known as organoids. This Review summarizes the different methods for generating organoids from cells isolated from human and mouse lungs, and compares their final structure and cellular composition with that of the airways or alveoli of the adult lung. We also discuss the potential and limitations of organoids for addressing outstanding questions in lung biology and for developing new drugs for disorders such as cystic fibrosis and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Barkauskas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mei-I Chung
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bryan Fioret
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hiroaki Katsura
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brigid L M Hogan
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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18
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Nashida T, Shimomura-Kuroki J, Mizuhashi F, Haga-Tsujimura M, Yoshimura K, Hayashi-Sakai S. Presence of BPIFB1 in saliva from non-obese diabetic mice. Odontology 2017; 106:117-124. [PMID: 28748269 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-017-0312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that mRNA expression of BPIFB1 (Bpifb1), an antibacterial protein in the palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone protein family, was increased in parotid acinar cells in non-obese diabetic (NOD, NOD/ShiJcl) mice, which is an animal model for Sjögren's syndrome. However, we did not previously assess the protein levels. In this report, we confirmed the expression of BPIFB1 protein in the parotid glands of NOD mice. Immunoblotting of subcellular fractions revealed that BPIBB1 was localised in secretory granules in parotid glands from NOD mice, and was almost not in parotid glands from the control mice. BPIFB1 had N-linked glycan that reacted with Aleuria aurantia lectin, which caused two types of spots with a slightly different pI and molecular weight. The expression of BPIFB1 protein was also demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. BPIFB1 was detected in the saliva from NOD mice but not in the saliva from the control mice, indicating individual constitution. BPIFB1 in saliva may be applied to other research as a diagnostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Nashida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan.
| | - Junko Shimomura-Kuroki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan
| | - Fumi Mizuhashi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan
| | - Maiko Haga-Tsujimura
- Department of Histology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan
| | - Ken Yoshimura
- Department of Anatomy, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan
| | - Sachiko Hayashi-Sakai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
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19
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Alves DBM, Bingle L, Bingle CD, Lourenço SV, Silva AA, Pereira DL, Vargas PA. BPI-fold (BPIF) containing/plunc protein expression in human fetal major and minor salivary glands. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e6. [PMID: 28099576 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine expression, not previously described, of PLUNC (palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone) (BPI-fold containing) proteins in major and minor salivary glands from very early fetal tissue to the end of the second trimester and thus gain further insight into the function of these proteins. Early fetal heads, and major and minor salivary glands were collected retrospectively and glands were classified according to morphodifferentiation stage. Expression of BPI-fold containing proteins was localized through immunohistochemistry. BPIFA2, the major BPI-fold containing protein in adult salivary glands, was detected only in the laryngeal pharynx; the lack of staining in salivary glands suggested salivary expression is either very late in development or is only in adult tissues. Early expression of BPIFA1 was seen in the trachea and nasal cavity with salivary gland expression only seen in late morphodifferentiation stages. BPIFB1 was seen in early neural tissue and at later stages in submandibular and sublingual glands. BPIFA1 is significantly expressed in early fetal oral tissue but BPIFB1 has extremely limited expression and the major salivary BPIF protein (BPIFA2) is not produced in fetal development. Further studies, with more sensitive techniques, will confirm the expression pattern and enable a better understanding of embryonic BPIF protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Berretta Moreira Alves
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lynne Bingle
- University of Sheffield, School of Clinical Dentistry, Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sheffield, UK
| | - Colin David Bingle
- University of Sheffield, Medical School, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Sheffield, UK
| | - Silvia Vanessa Lourenço
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of General Pathology, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Andréia Aparecida Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Lima Pereira
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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20
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Mulay A, Akram KM, Williams D, Armes H, Russell C, Hood D, Armstrong S, Stewart JP, Brown SDM, Bingle L, Bingle CD. An in vitro model of murine middle ear epithelium. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:1405-1417. [PMID: 27660200 PMCID: PMC5117233 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.026658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM), or middle ear inflammation, is the most common paediatric disease and leads to significant morbidity. Although understanding of underlying disease mechanisms is hampered by complex pathophysiology it is clear that epithelial abnormalities underpin the disease. There is currently a lack of a well-characterised in vitro model of the middle ear (ME) epithelium that replicates the complex cellular composition of the middle ear. Here, we report the development of a novel in vitro model of mouse middle ear epithelial cells (mMECs) at an air–liquid interface (ALI) that recapitulates the characteristics of the native murine ME epithelium. We demonstrate that mMECs undergo differentiation into the varied cell populations seen within the native middle ear. Proteomic analysis confirmed that the cultures secrete a multitude of innate defence proteins from their apical surface. We showed that the mMECs supported the growth of the otopathogen, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), suggesting that the model can be successfully utilised to study host–pathogen interactions in the middle ear. Overall, our mMEC culture system can help to better understand the cell biology of the middle ear and improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of OM. The model also has the potential to serve as a platform for validation of treatments designed to reverse aspects of epithelial remodelling that underpin OM development. Summary: Development and systematic characterisation of an in vitro otopathogenic infection model of the murine middle ear epithelium as a tool to better understand the complex pathophysiology of Otitis media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Mulay
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - Khondoker M Akram
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | | | - Hannah Armes
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.,Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Catherine Russell
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - Derek Hood
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Stuart Armstrong
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - James P Stewart
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | | | - Lynne Bingle
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Colin D Bingle
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
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21
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On the saliva proteome of the Eastern European house mouse (Mus musculus musculus) focusing on sexual signalling and immunity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32481. [PMID: 27577013 PMCID: PMC5006050 DOI: 10.1038/srep32481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical communication is mediated by sex-biased signals abundantly present in the urine, saliva and tears. Because most studies concentrated on the urinary signals, we aimed to determine the saliva proteome in wild Mus musculus musculus, to extend the knowledge on potential roles of saliva in chemical communication. We performed the gel-free quantitative LC-MS/MS analyses of saliva and identified 633 proteins with 134 (21%) of them being sexually dimorphic. They include proteins that protect and transport volatile organic compounds in their beta barrel including LCN lipocalins, major urinary proteins (MUPs), and odorant binding proteins (OBPs). To our surprise, the saliva proteome contains one MUP that is female biased (MUP8) and the two protein pheromones MUP20 (or 'Darcin') and ESP1 in individuals of both sex. Thus, contrary to previous assumptions, our findings reveal that these proteins cannot function as male-unique signals. Our study also demonstrates that many olfactory proteins (e.g. LCNs, and OBPs) are not expressed by submandibular glands but are produced elsewhere-in nasal and lacrimal tissues, and potentially also in other oro-facial glands. We have also detected abundant proteins that are involved in wound healing, immune and non-immune responses to pathogens, thus corroborating that saliva has important protective roles.
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22
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Nashida T, Yoshimura K, Yoshie S, Mizuhashi F, Shimomura-Kuroki J. Upregulation of Bpifb1 expression in the parotid glands of non-obese diabetic mice. Oral Dis 2016; 22:46-52. [PMID: 26769076 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the increased mRNA expression of Bpifb1, a member of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein family, in parotid acinar cells from non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, an animal model for Sjögren's syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Parotid acinar cells were prepared from female NOD (NOD/ShiJcl) mice with or without diabetes, as well as from control (C57BL/6JJcl) mice. Total RNA and homogenate were prepared from the parotid acinar cells. Embryonic cDNA from a Mouse MTC(™) Panel I kit was used. The expression of Bpifb1 was determined by cDNA microarray analysis, RT-PCR, real-time PCR, northern blotting and in situ hybridization. RESULTS The expression of Bpifb1 mRNA was high in parotid acinar cells from diabetic and non-diabetic NOD mice at 5-50 weeks of age. Acinar cells in the C57BL/6 mice had a low expression of Bpifb1 mRNA at an age >8 weeks, but had a relatively high expression in the foetus and infantile stages. CONCLUSIONS Bpifb1 mRNA is upregulated in parotid acinar cells in NOD mice, but its expression is not related to the onset of diabetes. These findings suggest that high expression levels of Bpifb1 might predict disease traits before the onset of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nashida
- Departments of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Yoshimura
- Departments of Anatomy, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - S Yoshie
- Departments of Histology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - F Mizuhashi
- Departments of Removable Prosthodontics, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - J Shimomura-Kuroki
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
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23
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Leeming GH, Kipar A, Hughes DJ, Bingle L, Bennett E, Moyo NA, Tripp RA, Bigley AL, Bingle CD, Sample JT, Stewart JP. Gammaherpesvirus infection modulates the temporal and spatial expression of SCGB1A1 (CCSP) and BPIFA1 (SPLUNC1) in the respiratory tract. J Transl Med 2015; 95:610-24. [PMID: 25531566 PMCID: PMC4450743 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine γ-herpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) infection of Mus musculus-derived strains of mice is an established model of γ-herpesvirus infection. We have previously developed an alternative system using a natural host, the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), and shown that the MHV-68 M3 chemokine-binding protein contributes significantly to MHV-68 pathogenesis. Here we demonstrate in A. sylvaticus using high-density micro-arrays that M3 influences the expression of genes involved in the host response including Scgb1a1 and Bpifa1 that encode potential innate defense proteins secreted into the respiratory tract. Further analysis of MHV-68-infected animals showed that the levels of both protein and RNA for SCGB1A1 and BPIFA1 were decreased at day 7 post infection (p.i.) but increased at day 14 p.i. as compared with M3-deficient and mock-infected animals. The modulation of expression was most pronounced in bronchioles but was also present in the bronchi and trachea. Double staining using RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistology demonstrated that much of the BPIFA1 expression occurs in club cells along with SCGB1A1 and that BPIFA1 is stored within granules in these cells. The increase in SCGB1A1 and BPIFA1 expression at day 14 p.i. was associated with the differentiation of club cells into mucus-secreting cells. Our data highlight the role of club cells and the potential of SCGB1A1 and BPIFA1 as innate defense mediators during respiratory virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail H Leeming
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anja Kipar
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David J Hughes
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lynne Bingle
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Elaine Bennett
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nathifa A Moyo
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alison L Bigley
- Investigative and Translational Pathology, AstraZeneca, R&D Innovative Medicines, Global Safety Assessment, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Colin D Bingle
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jeffery T Sample
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - James P Stewart
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK. E-mail:
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24
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Bartlett JA, Meyerholz DK, Wohlford-Lenane CL, Naumann PW, Salzman NH, McCray PB. Increased susceptibility to otitis media in a Splunc1-deficient mouse model. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:501-8. [PMID: 25765466 PMCID: PMC4415896 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.019646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear) is one of the most common diseases of early childhood. Susceptibility to otitis is influenced by a number of factors, including the actions of innate immune molecules secreted by the epithelia lining the nasopharynx, middle ear and Eustachian tube. The SPLUNC1 (short palate, lung, nasal epithelial clone 1) protein is a highly abundant secretory product of the mammalian nasal, oral and respiratory mucosa that is thought to play a multifunctional role in host defense. In this study we investigated Splunc1 expression in the ear of the mouse, and examined whether this protein contributes to overall host defense in the middle ear and/or Eustachian tube. We found that Splunc1 is highly expressed in both the surface epithelium and in submucosal glands in these regions in wild-type mice. In mice lacking Splunc1, we noted histologically an increased frequency of otitis media, characterized by the accumulation of leukocytes (neutrophils with scattered macrophages), proteinaceous fluid and mucus in the middle ear lumens. Furthermore, many of these mice had extensive remodeling of the middle ear wall, suggesting a chronic course of disease. From these observations, we conclude that loss of Splunc1 predisposes mice to the development of otitis media. The Splunc1−/− mouse model should help investigators to better understand both the biological role of Splunc1 as well as host defense mechanisms in the middle ear. Summary: We document expression of the innate immune factor Splunc1 in the murine middle ear and Eustachian tube, and describe spontaneous development of otitis media in mice lacking functional Splunc1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Bartlett
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Paul W Naumann
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nita H Salzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Paul B McCray
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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25
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Zhang W, Zeng Z, Wei F, Chen P, Schmitt DC, Fan S, Guo X, Liang F, Shi L, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Xiang B, Zhou M, Huang D, Tang K, Li X, Xiong W, Tan M, Li G, Li X. SPLUNC1 is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma prognosis and plays an important role in all-trans-retinoic acid-induced growth inhibition and differentiation in nasopharyngeal cancer cells. FEBS J 2014; 281:4815-29. [PMID: 25161098 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human SPLUNC1 can suppress nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumor formation; however, the correlation between SPLUNC1expression and NPC patient prognosis has not been reported. In the present study, we used a large-scale sample of 1015 tissue cores to detect SPLUNC1 expression and its association with patient prognosis. SPLUNC1 expression was reduced in NPC samples compared to nontumor nasopharyngeal epithelium tissues. Positive expression of SPLUNC1 in NPC predicted a better prognosis (disease-free survival, P = 0.034; overall survival, P = 0.048). Cox's proportional hazards model revealed that SPLUNC1 could be a significant prognostic factor affecting disease-free survival (P = 0.027). A cDNA micro-array analyzed by significant analysis of micro-array (SAM) and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) revealed that an indirect interaction existed between SPLUNC1 and retinoic acid (RA) in the cancer regulatory network. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms involved, we utilized several bioinformatics tools and identified 12 retinoid X receptors heterodimer binding sites in the promoter region of the SPLUNC1 gene. The transcriptional activity of the SPLUNC1 promoter was up-regulated significantly by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). SPLUNC1 and retinoic acid receptor expression were induced significantly by ATRA, and removal of ATRA led to a progressive loss of SPLUNC1 and retinoic acid receptor expression. ATRA inhibited proliferation and induced the differentiation of NPC cells. Interestingly, over-expression of SPLUNC1 sensitized NPC cells to ATRA, whereas knockdown of SPLUNC1 in HNE1 cells increased cell viability. Under SPLUNC1 knockdown conditions, differentiation was reversed by ATRA treatment. We concluded that SPLUNC1 could potentially predict prognosis for NPC patients and play an important role in ATRA-induced growth inhibition and differentiation in NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Zhang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
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26
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LPLUNC1 suppresses IL-6-induced nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation via inhibiting the Stat3 activation. Oncogene 2013; 33:2098-109. [PMID: 23708661 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-related chronic inflammation and interleukin-6 (IL-6) contribute to the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, we characterized TAMs and IL-6 expression in 212 biopsied NPC and 119 non-tumor nasopharyngeal epithelium (NPE) tissues by tissue array. In comparison with that in the NPE tissues, more TAM infiltrates and a higher density of IL-6 expression were detected in NPC tissues, which were associated with the poor survival of NPC patients. In contrast, little or no LPLUNC1, a regulator of inflammation, expression was detected in NPC tissues, and the levels of LPLUNC1 expression in the NPC were associated negatively with the numbers of TAMs and the levels of IL-6 expression, but positively with the survival of NPC patients. Induction of LPLUNC1 overexpression in NPC cells mitigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1β expression or treatment of THP-1 macrophages with LPLUNC1 inhibited spontaneous and LPS-induced IL-6 expression in vitro. IL-6-promoted NPC cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, accompanied by increasing cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 expression and the Stat3 activation, but inhibiting Bax and p21 expression. Induction of LPLUNC1 overexpression inhibited NPC cell proliferation, induced NPC cell arrest, promoted NPC cell apoptosis even after IL-6 stimulation and inhibited the growth of implanted NPC tumors in vivo, which were associated with decreasing cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 expression and the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/Stat3 activation, but enhancing Bax and p21 expression. These results suggest that LPLUNC1 can inhibit inflammation and NPC growth by downregulating the Stat3 pathway.
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