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Wu J, Li W, Su J, Zheng J, Liang Y, Lin J, Xu B, Liu Y. Integration of single-cell sequencing and bulk RNA-seq to identify and develop a prognostic signature related to colorectal cancer stem cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12270. [PMID: 38806611 PMCID: PMC11133358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) remains worse than expected due to metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to chemotherapy. Colorectal cancer stem cells (CRCSCs) play a vital role in tumor metastasis, recurrence, and chemotherapy resistance. However, there are currently no prognostic markers based on CRCSCs-related genes available for clinical use. In this study, single-cell transcriptome sequencing was employed to distinguish cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the CRC microenvironment and analyze their properties at the single-cell level. Subsequently, data from TCGA and GEO databases were utilized to develop a prognostic risk model for CRCSCs-related genes and validate its diagnostic performance. Additionally, functional enrichment, immune response, and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity of the relevant genes in the risk model were investigated. Lastly, the key gene RPS17 in the risk model was identified as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for further comprehensive studies. Our findings provide new insights into the prognostic treatment of CRC and offer novel perspectives for a systematic and comprehensive understanding of CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanyu Li
- Well Lead Medical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 511434, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyu Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiamin Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanwen Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiansuo Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Bilian Xu
- School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China.
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Jiang N, Tian X, Wang Q, Hao J, Jiang J, Wang H. Regulation Mechanisms and Maintenance Strategies of Stemness in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:455-483. [PMID: 38010581 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Stemness pertains to the intrinsic ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to undergo self-renewal and differentiate into multiple lineages, while simultaneously impeding their differentiation and preserving crucial differentiating genes in a state of quiescence and equilibrium. Owing to their favorable attributes, including uncomplicated isolation protocols, ethical compliance, and ease of procurement, MSCs have become a focal point of inquiry in the domains of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. As age increases or ex vivo cultivation is prolonged, the functionality of MSCs decreases and their stemness gradually diminishes, thereby limiting their potential therapeutic applications. Despite the existence of several uncertainties surrounding the comprehension of MSC stemness, considerable advancements have been achieved in the clarification of the potential mechanisms that lead to stemness loss, as well as the associated strategies for stemness maintenance. This comprehensive review provides a systematic overview of the factors influencing the preservation of MSC stemness, the molecular mechanisms governing it, the strategies for its maintenance, and the therapeutic potential associated with stemness. Finally, we underscore the obstacles and prospective avenues in present investigations, providing innovative perspectives and opportunities for the preservation and therapeutic utilization of MSC stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizhou Jiang
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology Department of Spine Surgery, Dalian, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiliang Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Quanxiang Wang
- Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jiayu Hao
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology Department of Spine Surgery, Dalian, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology Department of Spine Surgery, Dalian, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology Department of Spine Surgery, Dalian, China.
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Stricker PEF, de Oliveira NB, Mogharbel BF, Lührs L, Irioda AC, Abdelwahid E, Regina Cavalli L, Zotarelli-Filho IJ, de Carvalho KAT. Meta-analysis of the Mesenchymal Stem Cells Immortalization Protocols: A Guideline for Regenerative Medicine. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:1009-1020. [PMID: 38221663 DOI: 10.2174/011574888x268464231016070900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review describes the most common methodologies for immortalizing human and animal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This study follows the rules of PRISMA and is registered in the Institutional Review Board of PROSPERO International of systematic reviews, numbered protocol code: CRD42020202465. METHOD The data search systematization was based on the words "mesenchymal stem cell" AND "immortalization." The search period for publications was between 2000 and 2022, and the databases used were SCOPUS, PUBMED, and SCIENCE DIRECT. The search strategies identified 384 articles: 229 in the SCOPUS database, 84 in PUBMED, and 71 in SCIENCE DIRECT. After screening by titles and abstracts, 285 articles remained. This review included thirty-nine articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULT In 28 articles, MSCs were immortalized from humans and 11 animals. The most used immortalization methodology was viral transfection. The most common immortalized cell type was the MSC from bone marrow, and the most used gene for immortalizing human and animal MSCs was hTERT (39.3%) and SV40T (54.5%), respectively. CONCLUSION Also, it was observed that although less than half of the studies performed tumorigenicity assays to validate the immortalized MSCs, other assays, such as qRT-PCR, colony formation in soft agar, karyotype, FISH, and cell proliferation, were performed in most studies on distinct MSC cell passages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bassam Felipe Mogharbel
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute Research & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lührs
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute Research & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Irioda
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute Research & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Eltyeb Abdelwahid
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Luciane Regina Cavalli
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute Research & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Idiberto José Zotarelli-Filho
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute Research & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba, Brazil
- ABRAN - Associação Brasileira de Nutrologia/Brazilian Association of Nutrology, Catanduva, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- College of Palliative Medicine of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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4
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Zhu M, Hu W, Lin L, Yang Q, Zhang L, Xu J, Xu Y, Liu J, Zhang M, Tong X, Zhu K, Feng K, Feng Y, Su J, Huang X, Li J. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals new subtypes of lens superficial tissue in humans. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13477. [PMID: 37057399 PMCID: PMC10623935 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the cell atlas of the human ocular anterior segment of the human eye was revealed by single-nucleus RNA sequencing, whether subtypes of lens stem/progenitor cells exist among epithelial cells and the molecular characteristics of cell differentiation of the human lens remain unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing is a powerful tool to analyse the heterogeneity of tissues at the single cell level, leading to a better understanding of the processes of cell differentiation. By profiling 18,596 cells in human lens superficial tissue through single-cell sequencing, we identified two subtypes of lens epithelial cells that specifically expressed C8orf4 and ADAMTSL4 with distinct spatial localization, a new type of fibre cells located directly adjacent to the epithelium, and a subpopulation of ADAMTSL4+ cells that might be lens epithelial stem/progenitor cells. We also found two trajectories of lens epithelial cell differentiation and changes of some important genes during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Chao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative MedicineFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Qing‐Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jia‐Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yi‐Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jia‐Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Meng‐Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Yu Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric DiseaseThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Kai‐Yi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Ke Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative MedicineFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jian‐Zhong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xiu‐Feng Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric DiseaseThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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HIF-1α and Pro-Inflammatory Signaling Improves the Immunomodulatory Activity of MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073416. [PMID: 33810359 PMCID: PMC8036951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the strong evidence for the immunomodulatory activity of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), clinical trials have so far failed to clearly show benefit, likely reflecting methodological shortcomings and lack of standardization. MSC-mediated tissue repair is commonly believed to occur in a paracrine manner, and it has been stated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by MSCs (EVMSC) are able to recapitulate the immunosuppressive properties of parental cells. As a next step, clinical trials to corroborate preclinical studies should be performed. However, effective dose in large mammals, including humans, is quite high and EVs industrial production is hindered by the proliferative senescence that affects MSCs during massive cell expansion. We generated a genetically modified MSC cell line overexpressing hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and telomerase to increase the therapeutic potency of EVMSC and facilitate their large-scale production. We also developed a cytokine-based preconditioning culture medium to prime the immunomodulatory response of secreted EVs (EVMSC-T-HIFc). We tested the efficacy of this system in vitro and in a delayed-type hypersensitivity mouse model. MSC-T with an HIF-1α-GFP lentiviral vector (MSC-T-HIF) can be effectively expanded to obtain large amounts of EVs without major changes in cell phenotype and EVs composition. EVMSC-T-HIFc suppressed the proliferation of activated T-cells more effectively than did EVs from unmodified MSC in vitro, and significantly blunted the ear-swelling response in vivo by inhibiting cell infiltration and improving tissue integrity. We have developed a long-lived EV source that secretes high quantities of immunosuppressive EVs, facilitating a more standard and cost-effective therapeutic product.
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Kim JY, Choi JH, Kim SH, Park H, Lee D, Kim GJ. Efficacy of Gene Modification in Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Based on Nonviral Electroporation. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:112-118. [PMID: 33377456 PMCID: PMC7904523 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy using gene delivery systems has been suggested for degenerative diseases. Although MSC-based clinical applications are effective and safe, the mode of action remains unclear. Researchers have commonly applied viral-based gene modification because this system has efficient vehicles. While viral transfection carries many risks, such as oncogenes and chromosomal integration, nonviral gene delivery techniques are less expensive, easier to handle, and safe, although they are less efficient. The electroporation method, which uses Nucleofection technology, provides critical opportunities for hard-to-transfect primary cell lines, including MSCs. Therefore, to improve the therapeutic efficacy using genetically modified MSCs, researchers must determine the optimal conditions for the introduction of the Nucleofection technique in MSCs. Here, we suggest optimal methods for gene modification in PD-MSCs using an electroporation gene delivery system for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Choi
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Se Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyeri Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dongsook Lee
- Hamchoon Women's clinic, Research Center of Fertility & Genetics, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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Kim JY, Park S, Park SH, Lee D, Kim GH, Noh JE, Lee KJ, Kim GJ. Overexpression of pigment epithelium-derived factor in placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in retinal cells. J Transl Med 2021; 101:51-69. [PMID: 32724163 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) plays a role in protecting retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells from oxidative stress (OS), a causative factor of RPE cell death. Genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used to treat critical and incurable retinal diseases. Here, we overexpressed PEDF in placenta-derived MSCs (PD-MSCsPEDF, PEDF+) using a nonviral gene delivery system and evaluated the characteristics of PD-MSCsPEDF and their potential regenerative effects on RPE cells damaged by H2O2-induced OS. PD-MSCsPEDF maintained their stemness, cell surface marker, and differentiation potential characteristics. Compared to naive cells, PD-MSCsPEDF promoted mitochondrial respiration by enhancing biogenesis regulators (e.g., NRF1, PPARGC1A, and TFAM) as well as antioxidant enzymes (e.g., HMOXs, SODs, and GPX1). Compared to OS-damaged RPE cells cocultured with naive cells, OS-damaged RPE cells cocultured with PD-MSCsPEDF showed PEDF upregulation and VEGF downregulation. The expression levels of antioxidant genes and RPE-specific genes, such as RPE65, RGR, and RRH, were significantly increased in RPE cells cocultured with PD-MSCsPEDF. Furthermore, OS-damaged RPE cells cocultured with PD-MSCsPEDF had dramatically enhanced mitochondrial functions, and antiapoptotic effects improved due to cell survival signaling pathways. In the H2O2-induced retinal degeneration rat model, compared to administration of the naive counterpart, intravitreal administration of PD-MSCsPEDF alleviated proinflammatory cytokines and restored retinal structure and function by increasing PEDF expression and decreasing VEGF expression. Intravitreal administration of PD-MSCsPEDF also protected retinal degeneration against OS by increasing antioxidant gene expression and regulating the mitochondrial ROS levels and biogenesis. Taken together, PEDF overexpression in PD-MSCs improved the mitochondrial activities and induced OS-damaged RPE cell regeneration by regulating the oxidative status and mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that genetic modification of PEDF in PD-MSCs might be a new cell therapy for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohae Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyun Park
- Paju 365 Veterinary Medical Center, Paju, 10892, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsook Lee
- Hamchoon Women's clinic, Research Center of Fertility & Genetics, Seoul, 06643, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Hyun Kim
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Noh
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Kea Joo Lee
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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Kim JY, Park S, Lee HJ, Lew H, Kim GJ. Functionally enhanced placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit adipogenesis in orbital fibroblasts with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:469. [PMID: 33153489 PMCID: PMC7643360 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) have unique immunomodulatory properties. Phosphatase of regenerating liver-1 (PRL-1) regulates the self-renewal ability of stem cells and promotes proliferation. Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the orbit and is characterized by increased orbital levels of adipose tissue. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic mechanism for regulation of adipogenesis by PRL-1-overexpressing PD-MSCs (PD-MSCsPRL-1, PRL-1+) in orbital fibroblast (OF) with GO patients. METHODS PD-MSCs isolated from human placenta were transfected with the PRL-1 gene using nonviral transfection method. Primary OFs were isolated from orbital adipose tissue specimens from GO patients. After maturation as adipogenic differentiation, normal and GO-derived OFs were cocultured with naïve and PD-MSCsPRL-1. We analyzed the protein levels of adipogenesis markers and their signaling pathways in OFs from GO patients. RESULTS The characteristics of PD-MSCsPRL-1 were similar to those of naïve cells. OFs from GO patients induced adipocyte differentiation and had significantly decreased a lipid accumulation after coculture with PD-MSCsPRL-1 compared to naïve cells. The mRNA and protein expression of adipogenic markers was decreased in PD-MSCsPRL-1. Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) secreting PD-MSCsPRL-1 downregulated the phosphorylated PI3K/AKT/mTOR expression in OFs from GO patients. Interestingly, IGFBP2, - 4, - 6, and - 7 expression in PD-MSCsPRL-1, which was mediated by integrin alpha 4 (ITGA4) and beta 7 (ITGB7), was higher than that in naïve cells and upregulated phosphorylated FAK downstream factor. CONCLUSION In summary, IGFBPs secreting PD-MSCPRL-1 inhibit adipogenesis in OFs from GO patients by upregulating phosphorylated FAK and downregulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The functional enhancement of PD-MSCs by nonviral gene modification provides a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohae Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Lee
- Center for Non-Clinical Development, CHA Advanced Research Institute CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Helen Lew
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center CHA University, Seongnam, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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Improved therapeutics of modified mesenchymal stem cells: an update. J Transl Med 2020; 18:42. [PMID: 32000804 PMCID: PMC6993499 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted intense interest due to their powerful intrinsic properties of self-regeneration, immunomodulation and multi-potency, as well as being readily available and easy to isolate and culture. Notwithstanding, MSC based therapy suffers reduced efficacy due to several challenges which include unfavorable microenvironmental factors in vitro and in vivo. Body In the quest to circumvent these challenges, several modification techniques have been applied to the naïve MSC to improve its inherent therapeutic properties. These modification approaches can be broadly divided into two groups to include genetic modification and preconditioning modification (using drugs, growth factors and other molecules). This field has witnessed great progress and continues to gather interest and novelty. We review these innovative approaches in not only maintaining, but also enhancing the inherent biological activities and therapeutics of MSCs with respect to migration, homing to target site, adhesion, survival and reduced premature senescence. We discuss the application of the improved modified MSC in some selected human diseases. Possible ways of yet better enhancing the therapeutic outcome and overcoming challenges of MSC modification in the future are also elaborated. Conclusion The importance of prosurvival and promigratory abilities of MSCs in their therapeutic applications can never be overemphasized. These abilities are maintained and even further enhanced via MSC modifications against the inhospitable microenvironment during culture and transplantation. This is a turning point in MSC-based therapy with promising preclinical studies and higher future prospect.
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Seok J, Jung HS, Park S, Lee JO, Kim CJ, Kim GJ. Alteration of fatty acid oxidation by increased CPT1A on replicative senescence of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:1. [PMID: 31900237 PMCID: PMC6941254 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) are powerful sources for cell therapy in regenerative medicine. However, a limited lifespan by senescence through mechanisms that are well unknown is the greatest obstacle. In the present study, we first demonstrated the characterization of replicative senescent PD-MSCs and their possible mitochondrial functional alterations. Methods Human PD-MSCs were cultured to senescent cells for a long period of time. The cells of before passage number 8 were early cells and after passage number 14 were late cells. Also, immortalized cells of PD-MSCs (overexpressed hTERT gene into PD-MSCs) after passage number 14 were positive control of non-senescent cells. The characterization and mitochondria analysis of PD-MSCs were explored with long-term cultivation. Results Long-term cultivation of PD-MSCs exhibited increases of senescent markers such as SA-β-gal and p21 including apoptotic factor, and decreases of proliferation, differentiation potential, and survival factor. Mitochondrial dysfunction was also observed in membrane potential and metabolic flexibility with enlarged mitochondrial mass. Interestingly, we founded that fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is an important metabolism in PD-MSCs, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase1A (CPT1A) overexpressed in senescent PD-MSCs. The inhibition of CPT1A induced a change of energy metabolism and reversed senescence of PD-MSCs. Conclusions These findings suggest that alteration of FAO by increased CPT1A plays an important role in mitochondrial dysfunction and senescence of PD-MSCs during long-term cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seok
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 689, Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 689, Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohae Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 689, Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ok Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 689, Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Genetic Engineering of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Induce Their Migration and Survival. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4956063. [PMID: 27242906 PMCID: PMC4868914 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4956063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are very attractive for regenerative medicine due to their relatively easy derivation and broad range of differentiation capabilities, either naturally or induced through cell engineering. However, efficient methods of delivery to diseased tissues and the long-term survival of grafted cells still need improvement. Here, we review genetic engineering approaches designed to enhance the migratory capacities of MSCs, as well as extend their survival after transplantation by the modulation of prosurvival approaches, including prevention of senescence and apoptosis. We highlight some of the latest examples that explore these pivotal points, which have great relevance in cell-based therapies.
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Qin SQ, Kusuma GD, Al-Sowayan B, Pace RA, Isenmann S, Pertile MD, Gronthos S, Abumaree MH, Brennecke SP, Kalionis B. Establishment and characterization of fetal and maternal mesenchymal stem/stromal cell lines from the human term placenta. Placenta 2016; 39:134-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Transplanted human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells facilitate lesion repair in B6.Fas mice. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:530501. [PMID: 25759830 PMCID: PMC4352485 DOI: 10.1155/2014/530501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem disease that is characterized by the appearance of serum autoantibodies. No effective treatment for SLE currently exists. Methods. We used human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (H-UC-MSC) transplantation to treat B6.Fas mice. Results. After four rounds of cell transplantation, we observed a statistically significant decrease in the levels of mouse anti-nuclear, anti-histone, and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies in transplanted mice compared with controls. The percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells in mouse peripheral blood significantly increased after H-UC-MSC transplantation. Conclusions. The results showed that H-UC-MSCs could repair lesions in B6.Fas mice such that all of the relevant disease indicators in B6.Fas mice were restored to the levels observed in normal C57BL/6 mice.
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