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Alam L, Omar AM, Konje S, Gandhi K, Moras E, Meister D, Pena M, Perez Lizardo C, Mancero B, Zipf E, Kim GH, Elias J, Argulian E. Diastolic stress echocardiography in patients with normal resting diastolic function: prognostic utility in presence and absence of myocardial ischemia. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Abnormal diastolic response to exercise is reportedly associated with worse cardiovascular events. However, this has not been well studied in patients with normal diastolic function at rest.
Purpose
We sought to study diastolic response to exercise in patients referred for exercise stress echocardiography (ExE) and to explore its association with adverse outcomes in the presence and absence of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia.
Methods
In a retrospective study, patients referred for ExE to assess myocardial ischemia between April 2017 and December 2018 were enrolled. Patients were included if they had guideline-defined normal diastolic function at rest and availability of a full set of post exercise diastolic variables (post exercise tissue Doppler derived septal mitral annular early diastolic velocity (e'), ratio of pulsed Doppler derived mitral forward flow early diastolic velocity (E) over e' (E/e') and continuous wave Doppler derived maximum tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV)). The patients were followed for a median of 3.4 years for the occurrence of composite death, acute coronary syndrome, cardiac hospitalization, and need of follow-up ischemia testing. Abnormal exercise diastolic variables were defined as e' <7 cm/s, E/e' >15, and TRV >2.8 m/s.
Results
We studied 492 patients [age: 55.7±12.9 year, 268 (54%) women, EF: 61±5.8%]. Mean achieved metabolic equivalents of tasks (METs) was 9.7±3.1, and a total of 49 (10%) patients had evidence of exercise-induced ischemia. At rest, mean left atrial volume index was 25.4±12 ml, e' was 8±2 cm/s, E/e' was 9.5±2.4, and TRV was 2.1±0.44 m/s. Post exercise e' was 10±3 cm/s [<7cm/s in 63 (13%)], E/e' was 11.1±3.9 [>15 in 95 (19%)], and TRV was 2.37±0.68 m/s [>2.8 m/s in 152 (31%)]. Ischemic ExE was found to be strongly associated with the outcome (HR: 4.46, 95% CI: 2.8 to 7.1, p<0.001). In addition, all diastolic variables predicted the outcome in isolation if they were abnormal (e': 2.28, 95% CI: 1.4 to 3.7, p=0.001, E/e': 1.81; 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.84, p=0.01; TRV: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.13, p=0.003). When combined, however, association with the outcome was seen only when 2 or 3 of these variables were abnormal simultaneously (Figure 1A). When patients were stratified by ischemia and abnormal diastolic variables (figure 1B), patients with 2 or 3 abnormal variables were more likely to experience the outcome compared to patients with 0 or 1 abnormal variables in both absence of ischemia (p<0.001) and presence of ischemia (p=0.016). The stratified groups were different in their clinical and exercise profiles, with worse profiles in patients with both ischemia and 2 or 3 abnormal variables, and best profiles in patients with no ischemia and 0 or 1 abnormal variables.
Conclusions
In patients referred for ExE to assess ischemia with normal baseline diastolic function, exercise can unmask abnormal diastolic properties and stratify patients' risk regardless of the overt myocardial ischemia.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alam
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - A M Omar
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - S Konje
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - K Gandhi
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - E Moras
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - D Meister
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - M Pena
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - C Perez Lizardo
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - B Mancero
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - E Zipf
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - G H Kim
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - J Elias
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - E Argulian
- Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
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2
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He X, Balistreri EJ, Kim GH, Zhang W. A general equilibrium assessment of COVID-19's labor productivity impacts on china's regional economies. J Product Anal 2022; 58:129-150. [PMID: 35910675 PMCID: PMC9314246 DOI: 10.1007/s11123-022-00642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces a database for analyzing COVID-19's impacts on China's regional economies. This database contains various sectoral and regional economic outcomes at the weekly and monthly level. In the context of a general equilibrium trade model, we first formulate a mathematical representation of the Chinese regional economy and calibrate the model with China's multi-regional input-output table. We then utilize the monthly provincial and sectoral value-added and national trade series to estimate COVID-19's province-by-month labor-productivity impacts from February 2020 to September 2020. As a year-on-year comparison, relative to February 2019 levels, we find an average 39.5% decrease in labor productivity (equivalent to around 305 million jobs) and an average 25.9% decrease in welfare. Labor productivity and welfare quickly returned to the recent high-growth trends for China in the latter half of 2020. By September 2020, relative to September 2019, average labor productivity increased by 12.2% (equivalent to around 94 million jobs) and average welfare increased by 8.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Edward J. Balistreri
- Duane Acklie Chair of International Trade and Finance and Associate Professor, Department of Economics, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Gyu Hyun Kim
- Korea Energy Economics Institute, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Wendong Zhang
- Associate Professor, Department of Economics and Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
- Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, New York Ithaca, USA
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3
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Kim J, Park D, Seo NY, Yoon TH, Kim GH, Lee SH, Seo J, Um JW, Lee KJ, Ko J. LRRTM3 regulates activity-dependent synchronization of synapse properties in topographically connected hippocampal neural circuits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2110196119. [PMID: 35022233 PMCID: PMC8784129 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110196119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs) organize the architecture and properties of neural circuits. However, whether synaptic CAMs are involved in activity-dependent remodeling of specific neural circuits is incompletely understood. Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein 3 (LRRTM3) is required for the excitatory synapse development of hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) granule neurons. Here, we report that Lrrtm3-deficient mice exhibit selective reductions in excitatory synapse density and synaptic strength in projections involving the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) and DG granule neurons, accompanied by increased neurotransmitter release and decreased excitability of granule neurons. LRRTM3 deletion significantly reduced excitatory synaptic innervation of hippocampal mossy fibers (Mf) of DG granule neurons onto thorny excrescences in hippocampal CA3 neurons. Moreover, LRRTM3 loss in DG neurons significantly decreased mossy fiber long-term potentiation (Mf-LTP). Remarkably, silencing MEC-DG circuits protected against the decrease in the excitatory synaptic inputs onto DG and CA3 neurons, excitability of DG granule neurons, and Mf-LTP in Lrrtm3-deficient mice. These results suggest that LRRTM3 may be a critical factor in activity-dependent synchronization of the topography of MEC-DG-CA3 excitatory synaptic connections. Collectively, our data propose that LRRTM3 shapes the target-specific structural and functional properties of specific hippocampal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Dongseok Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Na-Young Seo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
- Neural Circuits Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Taek-Han Yoon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Gyu Hyun Kim
- Neural Circuits Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Neural Circuits Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
- Brain Research Core Facilities, KBRI, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Ji Won Um
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Kea Joo Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
- Neural Circuits Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
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Kim GH, Park DY. Gastrointestinal: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm occurring in the heterotopic pancreas of the stomach. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:2333. [PMID: 33624344 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - D Y Park
- St. Mary Pathology Laboratory, Busan, South Korea
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Seo NY, Kim GH, Noh JE, Shin JW, Lee CH, Lee KJ. Selective Regional Loss of Cortical Synapses Lacking Presynaptic Mitochondria in the 5xFAD Mouse Model. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:690168. [PMID: 34248509 PMCID: PMC8267061 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.690168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is strongly correlated with cognitive impairment. Accumulating evidence indicates that amyloid pathology leads to synaptic degeneration and mitochondrial damage in AD. However, it remains unclear whether synapses and presynaptic mitochondria are differentially affected in various cortical regions of the AD brain at the ultrastructural level. Using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, we assessed synaptic structures in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and primary visual cortex (V1) of the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. At 6 months of age, 5xFAD mice exhibited significantly elevated levels of amyloid deposition in layer 2/3 of the mPFC but not V1. Accordingly, three-dimensional reconstruction of synaptic connectivity revealed a significant reduction in excitatory synaptic density in layer 2 of the mPFC, but not V1, of male transgenic mice. Notably, the density of synapses lacking presynaptic mitochondria was selectively decreased in the mPFC of 5xFAD mice, with no change in the density of mitochondria-containing synapses. Further classification of spines into shape categories confirmed a preferential loss of thin spines whose presynaptic boutons were largely devoid of mitochondria in the 5xFAD mPFC. Furthermore, the number of mitochondria per bouton in spared mitochondria-containing boutons was reduced in the mPFC, but not V1, of 5xFAD mice. Collectively, these results highlight region-specific vulnerability of cortical synapses to amyloid deposition and suggest that the presence of presynaptic mitochondria may affect synaptic degeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Young Seo
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Gyu Hyun Kim
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Noh
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Shin
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kea Joo Lee
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
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Jang YN, Jang H, Kim GH, Noh JE, Chang KA, Lee KJ. RAPGEF2 mediates oligomeric Aβ-induced synaptic loss and cognitive dysfunction in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:625-639. [PMID: 33345400 PMCID: PMC8359155 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers trigger synaptic degeneration that precedes plaque and tangle pathology. However, the signalling molecules that link Aβ oligomers to synaptic pathology remain unclear. Here, we addressed the potential role of RAPGEF2 as a novel signalling molecule in Aβ oligomer-induced synaptic and cognitive impairments in human-mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS To investigate the role of RAPGEF2 in Aβ oligomer-induced synaptic and cognitive impairments, we utilised a combination of approaches including biochemistry, molecular cell biology, light and electron microscopy, behavioural tests with primary neuron cultures, multiple AD mouse models and post-mortem human AD brain tissue. RESULTS We found significantly elevated RAPGEF2 levels in the post-mortem human AD hippocampus. RAPGEF2 levels also increased in the transgenic AD mouse models, generating high levels of Aβ oligomers before exhibiting synaptic and cognitive impairment. RAPGEF2 upregulation activated the downstream effectors Rap2 and JNK. In cultured hippocampal neurons, oligomeric Aβ treatment increased the fluorescence intensity of RAPGEF2 and reduced the number of dendritic spines and the intensities of synaptic marker proteins, while silencing RAPGEF2 expression blocked Aβ oligomer-induced synapse loss. Additionally, the in vivo knockdown of RAPGEF2 expression in the AD hippocampus prevented cognitive deficits and the loss of excitatory synapses. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that the upregulation of RAPGEF2 levels mediates Aβ oligomer-induced synaptic and cognitive disturbances in the AD hippocampus. We propose that an early intervention regarding RAPGEF2 expression may have beneficial effects on early synaptic pathology and memory loss in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Na Jang
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - HoChung Jang
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Hyun Kim
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Noh
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kea Joo Lee
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Kim JY, Park S, Park SH, Lee D, Kim GH, Noh JE, Lee KJ, Kim GJ. Overexpression of pigment epithelium-derived factor in placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in retinal cells. J Transl Med 2021; 101:51-69. [PMID: 32724163 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) plays a role in protecting retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells from oxidative stress (OS), a causative factor of RPE cell death. Genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used to treat critical and incurable retinal diseases. Here, we overexpressed PEDF in placenta-derived MSCs (PD-MSCsPEDF, PEDF+) using a nonviral gene delivery system and evaluated the characteristics of PD-MSCsPEDF and their potential regenerative effects on RPE cells damaged by H2O2-induced OS. PD-MSCsPEDF maintained their stemness, cell surface marker, and differentiation potential characteristics. Compared to naive cells, PD-MSCsPEDF promoted mitochondrial respiration by enhancing biogenesis regulators (e.g., NRF1, PPARGC1A, and TFAM) as well as antioxidant enzymes (e.g., HMOXs, SODs, and GPX1). Compared to OS-damaged RPE cells cocultured with naive cells, OS-damaged RPE cells cocultured with PD-MSCsPEDF showed PEDF upregulation and VEGF downregulation. The expression levels of antioxidant genes and RPE-specific genes, such as RPE65, RGR, and RRH, were significantly increased in RPE cells cocultured with PD-MSCsPEDF. Furthermore, OS-damaged RPE cells cocultured with PD-MSCsPEDF had dramatically enhanced mitochondrial functions, and antiapoptotic effects improved due to cell survival signaling pathways. In the H2O2-induced retinal degeneration rat model, compared to administration of the naive counterpart, intravitreal administration of PD-MSCsPEDF alleviated proinflammatory cytokines and restored retinal structure and function by increasing PEDF expression and decreasing VEGF expression. Intravitreal administration of PD-MSCsPEDF also protected retinal degeneration against OS by increasing antioxidant gene expression and regulating the mitochondrial ROS levels and biogenesis. Taken together, PEDF overexpression in PD-MSCs improved the mitochondrial activities and induced OS-damaged RPE cell regeneration by regulating the oxidative status and mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that genetic modification of PEDF in PD-MSCs might be a new cell therapy for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohae Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyun Park
- Paju 365 Veterinary Medical Center, Paju, 10892, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsook Lee
- Hamchoon Women's clinic, Research Center of Fertility & Genetics, Seoul, 06643, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Hyun Kim
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Noh
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Kea Joo Lee
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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Yang J, Kim H, Shin K, Nam Y, Heo HJ, Kim GH, Hwang BY, Kim J, Woo S, Choi HS, Ko DS, Lee D, Kim YH. Molecular insights into the development of hepatic metastases in colorectal cancer: a metastasis prediction study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:12701-12708. [PMID: 33378017 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202012_24168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer is presently the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. In this study, we identified molecular differences between hepatic and non-hepatic metastases in colorectal cancer and evaluated their prognostic significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS We downloaded primary data from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE6988, GSE62321, GSE50760, and GSE28722). To identify the molecular differences, we used the Significance Analysis of Microarray method. We selected nine prognostic genes (SYTL2, PTPLAD1, CDS1, RNF138, PIGR, WDR78, MYO7B, TSPAN3, and ATP5F1) with hepatic metastasis prediction score in colorectal cancer (hereafter referred to as LASSO Score). We confirmed the prognostic significance of the LASSO Score by using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, multivariate analysis, the time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) of Uno's C-index, and the AUC of the receiver operating characteristic curve at 1-5 years. RESULTS Survival analysis revealed that a high LASSO Score is associated with a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients with hepatic metastases (p = 0). Analysis of C-indices and AUC values from the receiver operating characteristic curve further supported this prediction by the LASSO Score. Multivariate analysis confirmed the prognostic significance of the LASSO Score (p = 1.13e-06). CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the biological mechanisms underlying hepatic metastases in colorectal cancer and will help in developing targeted therapies for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- Department of Premedicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
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Kim GH, Zhang Y, Kang HR, Lee SH, Shin J, Lee CH, Kang H, Ma R, Jin C, Kim Y, Kim SY, Kwon SK, Choi SY, Lee KJ, Han K. Altered presynaptic function and number of mitochondria in the medial prefrontal cortex of adult Cyfip2 heterozygous mice. Mol Brain 2020; 13:123. [PMID: 32917241 PMCID: PMC7488858 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants of the cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein (CYFIP) gene family, CYFIP1 and CYFIP2, are associated with numerous neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. According to several studies, CYFIP1 regulates the development and function of both pre- and post-synapses in neurons. Furthermore, various studies have evaluated CYFIP2 functions in the postsynaptic compartment, such as regulating dendritic spine morphology; however, no study has evaluated whether and how CYFIP2 affects presynaptic functions. To address this issue, in this study, we have focused on the presynapses of layer 5 neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in adult Cyfip2 heterozygous (Cyfip2+/−) mice. Electrophysiological analyses revealed an enhancement in the presynaptic short-term plasticity induced by high-frequency stimuli in Cyfip2+/− neurons compared with wild-type neurons. Since presynaptic mitochondria play an important role in buffering presynaptic Ca2+, which is directly associated with the short-term plasticity, we analyzed presynaptic mitochondria using electron microscopic images of the mPFC. Compared with wild-type mice, the number, but not the volume or cristae density, of mitochondria in both presynaptic boutons and axonal processes in the mPFC layer 5 of Cyfip2+/− mice was reduced. Consistent with an identification of mitochondrial proteins in a previously established CYFIP2 interactome, CYFIP2 was detected in a biochemically enriched mitochondrial fraction of the mouse mPFC. Collectively, these results suggest roles for CYFIP2 in regulating presynaptic functions, which may involve presynaptic mitochondrial changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Hyun Kim
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Yinhua Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyae Rim Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Shin
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ruiying Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chunmei Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Seok-Kyu Kwon
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| | - Kea Joo Lee
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea.
| | - Kihoon Han
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kim BS, Kang J, Jun S, Kim H, Pak K, Kim GH, Heo HJ, Kim YH. Association between immunotherapy biomarkers and glucose metabolism from F-18 FDG PET. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:8288-8295. [PMID: 32894535 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202008_22625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess associations between parameters derived from F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and mRNA expression levels of immune checkpoint biomarkers such as programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) as well as tumor mutation burden (TMB) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Integrated data were downloaded from Genomic Data Common Data Portal. Clinical, mRNA-seq, and whole exome-seq data of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed. TMB was defined as the total number of somatic missense mutations per megabase of the genome examined. Expression levels of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4 mRNA and TMB were collected. Correlations between imaging parameters of glucose metabolism and the expression levels of genomic biomarkers from cancers were evaluated. Bonferroni correction (adjusted p<0.0027) was applied to reduce type 1 error. RESULTS Of 31 NSCLC cases, 11 cases were adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and 20 were squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). In linear regression analysis, texture parameters such as low gray-level run emphasis (LGRE, R2=0.48, p<0.0001), short run low gray-level emphasis (SRLGE, R2=0.45, p<0.0001) and long run low gray-level emphasis (LRLGE, R2=0.41, p=0.0001) derived from gray-level run length matrix (GLRLM) showed remarkable correlation with PD-L1 mRNA expression. Expression of PD-1, CTLA-4, and TMB failed to show any significant correlation with parameters of the F-18 FDG PET/CT. CONCLUSIONS Texture parameters derived from PET, known to indicate glucose uptake distribution, were correlated with expression of PD-L1 mRNA but not with expression of PD-1, CTLA-4 and TMB. Thus, tumoral heterogeneity could be a surrogate marker for the identification of PD-L1 level in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, University of Kosin College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Lim JY, Lee CL, Kim GH, Bang YJ, Rhim JW, Yoon KS. Using lactic acid bacteria and packaging with grapefruit seed extract for controlling Listeria monocytogenes growth in fresh soft cheese. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8761-8770. [PMID: 32713695 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Various cheese products are involved in outbreaks of listeriosis worldwide due to high consumption and prolonged refrigerated storage. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of using lactic acid bacteria and packaging with grapefruit seed extract (GSE) for controlling Listeria monocytogenes growth in soft cheese. Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus curvatus isolated from kimchi were used as a starter culture to make a soft cheese, which was inoculated with a cocktail strain of L. monocytogenes. The soft cheese was packed with low-density polyethylene, biodegradable polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT), low-density polyethylene with GSE, or PBAT with GSE and stored at 10°C and 15°C. Leuconostoc mesenteroides (LcM) better inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes than Lb. curvatus. The PBAT with GSE film showed the best control for the growth of L. monocytogenes. When both LcM and PBAT with GSE were applied to the soft cheese, the growth of L. monocytogenes was inhibited significantly more than the use of LcM or PBAT with GSE alone. In all test groups, water activity, pH, and moisture on a fat-free basis decreased, and titratable acidity increased compared with the control group. These results suggest that LcM isolated from kimchi and PBAT with GSE packaging film can be used as a hurdle technology to lower the risk of L. monocytogenes in soft cheese at the retail market.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - C L Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - G H Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Bang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Rhim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Lee SH, Zhang Y, Park J, Kim B, Kim Y, Lee SH, Kim GH, Huh YH, Lee B, Kim Y, Lee Y, Kim JY, Kang H, Choi SY, Jang S, Li Y, Kim S, Jin C, Pang K, Kim E, Lee Y, Kim H, Kim E, Choi JH, Kim J, Lee KJ, Choi SY, Han K. Haploinsufficiency of Cyfip2 Causes Lithium-Responsive Prefrontal Dysfunction. Ann Neurol 2020; 88:526-543. [PMID: 32562430 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic variants of the cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) encoding an actin-regulatory protein are associated with brain disorders, including intellectual disability and epilepsy. However, specific in vivo neuronal defects and potential treatments for CYFIP2-associated brain disorders remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized Cyfip2 heterozygous (Cyfip2+/- ) mice to understand their neurobehavioral phenotypes and the underlying pathological mechanisms. Furthermore, we examined a potential treatment for such phenotypes of the Cyfip2+/- mice and specified a neuronal function mediating its efficacy. METHODS We performed behavioral analyses of Cyfip2+/- mice. We combined molecular, ultrastructural, and in vitro and in vivo electrophysiological analyses of Cyfip2+/- prefrontal neurons. We also selectively reduced CYFIP2 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice with virus injections. RESULTS Adult Cyfip2+/- mice exhibited lithium-responsive abnormal behaviors. We found increased filamentous actin, enlarged dendritic spines, and enhanced excitatory synaptic transmission and excitability in the adult Cyfip2+/- PFC that was restricted to layer 5 (L5) neurons. Consistently, adult Cyfip2+/- mice showed increased seizure susceptibility and auditory steady-state responses from the cortical electroencephalographic recordings. Among the identified prefrontal defects, lithium selectively normalized the hyperexcitability of Cyfip2+/- L5 neurons. RNA sequencing revealed reduced expression of potassium channel genes in the adult Cyfip2+/- PFC. Virus-mediated reduction of CYFIP2 in the PFC was sufficient to induce L5 hyperexcitability and lithium-responsive abnormal behavior. INTERPRETATION These results suggest that L5-specific prefrontal dysfunction, especially hyperexcitability, underlies both the pathophysiology and the lithium-mediated amelioration of neurobehavioral phenotypes in adult Cyfip2+/- mice, which can be implicated in CYFIP2-associated brain disorders. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:526-543.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry
| | - Yinhua Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University
| | - Jina Park
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul
| | - Bowon Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul
| | - Yangsik Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu
| | - Gyu Hyun Kim
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungcheongbuk-do
| | - Bokyoung Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University
| | - Yeunkum Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University
| | - Jin Yong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Choi
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Seil Jang
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Shinhyun Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University
| | - Chunmei Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University
| | - Kaifang Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Eunjeong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang
| | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Jee Hyun Choi
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul
| | - Jeongjin Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul
| | - Kea Joo Lee
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry
| | - Kihoon Han
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University
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13
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Xu ZX, Kim GH, Tan JW, Riso AE, Sun Y, Xu EY, Liao GY, Xu H, Lee SH, Do NY, Lee CH, Clipperton-Allen AE, Kwon S, Page DT, Lee KJ, Xu B. Elevated protein synthesis in microglia causes autism-like synaptic and behavioral aberrations. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1797. [PMID: 32286273 PMCID: PMC7156673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations that inactivate negative translation regulators cause autism spectrum disorders (ASD), which predominantly affect males and exhibit social interaction and communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. However, the cells that cause ASD through elevated protein synthesis resulting from these mutations remain unknown. Here we employ conditional overexpression of translation initiation factor eIF4E to increase protein synthesis in specific brain cells. We show that exaggerated translation in microglia, but not neurons or astrocytes, leads to autism-like behaviors in male mice. Although microglial eIF4E overexpression elevates translation in both sexes, it only increases microglial density and size in males, accompanied by microglial shift from homeostatic to a functional state with enhanced phagocytic capacity but reduced motility and synapse engulfment. Consequently, cortical neurons in the mice have higher synapse density, neuroligins, and excitation-to-inhibition ratio compared to control mice. We propose that functional perturbation of male microglia is an important cause for sex-biased ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Gyu Hyun Kim
- Synaptic Circuit Plasticity Lab, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Korea
| | - Ji-Wei Tan
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Anna E Riso
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- The Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Ye Sun
- Integrative Program in Biology and Neuroscience, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Ethan Y Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- The Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Guey-Ying Liao
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Haifei Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Advanced Neural Imaging Center, Department of Structure & Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Korea
| | - Na-Young Do
- Synaptic Circuit Plasticity Lab, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Synaptic Circuit Plasticity Lab, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Korea
| | - Amy E Clipperton-Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Soonwook Kwon
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, 42472, Korea
| | - Damon T Page
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Kea Joo Lee
- Synaptic Circuit Plasticity Lab, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Korea
| | - Baoji Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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14
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Park CS, Gwon A, Ahn HS, Kim GH, Cho JS, Youn HJ. P1535 Interventricular interaction can result in right ventricular dysfunction in interventricular septum involved myocardial infarction patient. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Previous studies revealed that interventricular septal thickness is related to right ventricular dysfunction after anterior myocardial infarction. This finding suggest that interventricular septal function can affect right ventricular function in myocardial infarction patients. We assumed that right ventricular free wall strain values measured using dedicated software can be affected in the setting of ischemic insult on interventricular septum in long-term follow up.
Methods
The patients diagnosed as acute myocardial infarction due to left anterior descending artery disease who underwent successful revascularization were enrolled. Echocardiographic exams were performed at least 2 times, within 72 hours and 1 year after the revascularization. Strain values of interventricular septum and right ventricular free wall were derived from the raw-dicom images. The analysis was performed using the dedicated software for the measurement of right ventricular strain.
Results
Total 65 patients were enrolled. The values of global left ventricular strain were increased after the follow up. There were no changes in global longitudinal strain of the right ventricle. But longitudinal stain values acquired from right ventricular free walls were decreased even the strain values measured at left ventricle and interventricular septum were improved.
Conclusion
Interventricular septal dysfunction due to ischemic injury can affect long term right ventricular dysfunction. This finding suggests the interventricular dependence between cardiac chambers and can provide the development of heart failure in myocardial infarction patient even after the successful revascularization.
Strain values of both ventricles Left ventricle after revascularization (n = 65) 1 year later (n = 65) P values Global longitudinal strain (%) -12.84 ± 4.50 -15.62 ± 4.45 <0.001 Septal longitudinal strain (%) -10.77 ± 5.96 -14.02 ± 5.26 <0.001 Right ventricle Global longitudinal strain (%) -19.36 ± 4.57 -19.47 ± 4.83 0.872 Septal longitudinal strain (%) -14.82 ± 4.48 -16.43 ± 6.03 0.055 Free wall longitudinal strain (%) -20.23 ± 5.33 -17.82 ± 5.70 0.010
Abstract P1535 Figure. Right ventricular segmental strain
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Park
- Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - A Gwon
- Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H S Ahn
- Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - G H Kim
- Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J S Cho
- Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H J Youn
- Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Adler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - G H Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - D D Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
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16
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Kim GH, Xu ZX, Lee SH, Do NY, Lee CH, Xu B, Lee KJ. Investigation of cortical synaptic structures in elevated protein synthesis of microglia using serial block-face SEM. IBRO Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.07.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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17
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Jang H, Ryu JH, Shin KM, Seo NY, Kim GH, Huh YH, Pae AN, Lee KJ. Gait Ignition Failure in JNPL3 Human Tau-mutant Mice. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:404-413. [PMID: 31308799 PMCID: PMC6614071 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.3.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairments and motor dysfunction are commonly observed behavioral phenotypes in genetic animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. JNPL3 transgenic mice expressing human P301L-mutant tau display motor disturbances with age- and gene dose-dependent development of neurofibrillary tangles, suggesting that tau pathology causes neurodegeneration associated with motor behavioral abnormalities. Although gait ignition failure (GIF), a syndrome marked by difficulty in initiating locomotion, has been described in patients with certain forms of tauopathies, transgenic mouse models mirroring human GIF syndrome have yet to be reported. Using the open field and balance beam tests, here we discovered that JNPL3 homozygous mice exhibit a marked delay of movement initiation. The elevated plus maze excluded the possibility that hesitation to start in JNPL3 mice was caused by enhanced levels of anxiety. Considering the normal gait ignition in rTg4510 mice expressing the same mutant tau in the forebrain, GIF in JNPL3 mice seems to arise from abnormal tau deposition in the hindbrain areas involved in locomotor initiation. Accordingly, immunohistochemistry revealed highly phosphorylated paired helical filament tau in JNPL3 brainstem areas associated with gait initiation. Together, these findings demonstrate a novel behavioral phenotype of impaired gait initiation in JNPL3 mice and underscore the value of this mouse line as a tool to study the neural mechanisms and potential treatments for human GIF syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- HoChung Jang
- Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Ryu
- Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Kyung Min Shin
- Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Na-Young Seo
- Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Gyu Hyun Kim
- Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Kea Joo Lee
- Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
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18
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Kim GH, Paik SS, Park YS, Kim HG, Kim IB. Amelioration of Mouse Retinal Degeneration After Blue LED Exposure by Glycyrrhizic Acid-Mediated Inhibition of Inflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:319. [PMID: 31379505 PMCID: PMC6646422 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is a major component in the root and rhizomes of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), which have been used as an herbal medicine, because of its anti-inflammatory activity. GA is known as an inhibitor of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which is involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases including inner retinal neuropathy. In this study, we examined the effect of GA in a mouse model of retinal degeneration (RD), the leading cause of blindness. RD was induced by exposure to a blue light-emitting diode (LED). In functional assessment, electroretinography showed that the amplitudes of both a- and b-waves were reduced in RD mice, whereas they were significantly increased in GA-treated RD mice (P < 0.05), compared to those in non-treated RD animals. In histological assessment, GA treatment preserved the outer nuclear layer where photoreceptors reside and reduced photoreceptor cell death. GA-treated retinas showed significantly reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CCL2 and 6, iNOS, and COX-2 (P < 0.05), compared to that in non-treated retinas. Immunohistochemistry showed that Iba-1 and GFAP expression was markedly reduced in GA-treated retinas, indicating decreased glial response and inflammation. Interestingly, HMGB1 expression was reduced in non-treated RD retinas whereas GA paradoxically increased its expression. These results demonstrate that GA preserves retinal structure and function by inhibiting inflammation in blue LED-induced RD, suggesting a potential application of GA as a medication for RD. In addition, we propose a potential retinal protective function of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Sook Paik
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoun Geun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Beom Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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19
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Lee KW, Lee KC, Kim GH, Kim JH, Yeon JS, Cho SB, Chang BJ, Kim SK. EFFECTS OF DIETARY FERMENTED GARLIC ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, RELATIVE ORGAN WEIGHTS, INTESTINAL MORPHOLOGY, CECAL MICROFLORA AND SERUM CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KW Lee
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - KC Lee
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - GH Kim
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - JH Kim
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - JS Yeon
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - SB Cho
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - BJ Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - SK Kim
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
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20
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Abstract
The domesticated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is a major fruit crop of temperate regions of the world. 'Fuji' apple (Ralls Genet x Delicious), a famous apple cultivar in Korea, has been very popular since its promotion in Japan in 1958. 'Fuji' and its bud mutant cultivars possess variable levels of genetic diversity. Nonetheless, the phenotypes of each group, which are classified into the bud mutation groups: early season, fruiting spur, and coloring, are similar. Despite attempts to identify these bud mutation cultivars, molecular markers, which were developed before the emergence of next-generation sequencing technology, have not been able to distinguish each cultivar easily. In this study, we adopted the resequencing technique using the 'Golden Delicious' (Grimes Golden x Unknown) apple genome as a reference. SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and InDels (insertions or deletions) of 'Fuji' apple and its bud mutant cultivar were detected and SNPs and unique InDels distinct to each cultivar were identified. Data from this study may be used to identify bud mutant cultivars of 'Fuji' apples and be useful for further breeding of apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Lee
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - G H Kim
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - S I Kwon
- Apple Experiment Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi, Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Apple Experiment Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi, Korea
| | - Y S Kwon
- Apple Experiment Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi, Korea
| | - C Choi
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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21
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Hong GS, Lee B, Wee J, Chun H, Kim H, Jung J, Cha JY, Riew TR, Kim GH, Kim IB, Oh U. Tentonin 3/TMEM150c Confers Distinct Mechanosensitive Currents in Dorsal-Root Ganglion Neurons with Proprioceptive Function. Neuron 2016; 91:708-710. [PMID: 27497226 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Chang SW, Kim HI, Kim GH, Park SJ, Kim IB. Increased Expression of Osteopontin in Retinal Degeneration Induced by Blue Light-Emitting Diode Exposure in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:58. [PMID: 27504084 PMCID: PMC4958628 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional adhesive glycoprotein that is implicated in a variety of pro-inflammatory as well as neuroprotective and repair-promoting effects in the brain. As a first step towards understanding the role of OPN in retinal degeneration (RD), we examined changes in OPN expression in a mouse model of RD induced by exposure to a blue light-emitting diode (LED). RD was induced in BALB/c mice by exposure to a blue LED (460 nm) for 2 h. Apoptotic cell death was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In order to investigate changes in OPN in RD, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed. Anti-OPN labeling was compared to that of anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is a commonly used marker for retinal injury or stress including inflammation. OPN expression in RD retinas markedly increased at 24 h after exposure, was sustained through 72 h, and subsided at 120 h. Increased OPN expression was observed co-localized with microglial cells in the outer nuclear layer (ONL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), and subretinal space. Expression was restricted to the central retina in which photoreceptor cell death occurred. Interestingly, OPN expression in the ONL/OPL was closely associated with microglia, whereas most of the OPN plaques observed in the subretinal space were not. Immunogold electron microscopy demonstrated that OPN was distributed throughout the cytoplasm of microglia and in nearby fragments of degenerating photoreceptors. In addition, we found that OPN was induced more acutely and with greater region specificity than GFAP. These results indicate that OPN may be a more useful marker for retinal injury or stress, and furthermore act as a microglial pro-inflammatory mediator and a phagocytosis-inducing opsonin in the subretinal space. Taken together, our data suggest that OPN plays an important role in the pathogenesis of RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Wook Chang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Il Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of KoreaSeoul, Korea; Gyeongju St. Mary's Eye ClinicGyeongju, Korea
| | - Gyu Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of KoreaSeoul, Korea; Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of KoreaSeoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of KoreaSeoul, Korea; Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of KoreaSeoul, Korea
| | - In-Beom Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of KoreaSeoul, Korea; Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of KoreaSeoul, Korea; Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of KoreaSeoul, Korea
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Yao K, Uedo N, Muto M, Ishikawa H, Cardona HJ, Filho ECC, Pittayanon R, Olano C, Yao F, Parra-Blanco A, Ho SH, Avendano AG, Piscoya A, Fedorov E, Bialek AP, Mitrakov A, Caro L, Gonen C, Dolwani S, Farca A, Cuaresma LF, Bonilla JJ, Kasetsermwiriya W, Ragunath K, Kim SE, Marini M, Li H, Cimmino DG, Piskorz MM, Iacopini F, So JB, Yamazaki K, Kim GH, Ang TL, Milhomem-Cardoso DM, Waldbaum CA, Carvajal WAP, Hayward CM, Singh R, Banerjee R, Anagnostopoulos GK, Takahashi Y. Development of an E-learning System for the Endoscopic Diagnosis of Early Gastric Cancer: An International Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. EBioMedicine 2016; 9:140-147. [PMID: 27333048 PMCID: PMC4972485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In many countries, gastric cancer is not diagnosed until an advanced stage. An Internet-based e-learning system to improve the ability of endoscopists to diagnose gastric cancer at an early stage was developed and was evaluated for its effectiveness. Methods The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. After receiving a pre-test, participants were randomly allocated to either an e-learning or non-e-learning group. Only those in the e-learning group gained access to the e-learning system. Two months after the pre-test, both groups received a post-test. The primary endpoint was the difference between the two groups regarding the rate of improvement of their test results. Findings 515 endoscopists from 35 countries were assessed for eligibility, and 332 were enrolled in the study, with 166 allocated to each group. Of these, 151 participants in the e-learning group and 144 in the non-e-learning group were included in the analysis. The mean improvement rate (standard deviation) in the e-learning and non-e-learning groups was 1·24 (0·26) and 1·00 (0·16), respectively (P < 0·001). Interpretation This global study clearly demonstrated the efficacy of an e-learning system to expand knowledge and provide invaluable experience regarding the endoscopic detection of early gastric cancer (R000012039). This report establishes that an e-learning system on the Internet can improve the diagnostic ability of endoscopists. Countless endoscopists worldwide can access the system to learn how to make an endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer. The e-learning system could be modified to provide education regarding endoscopic diagnosis in other organs.
This is the first report to demonstrate how an e-learning system based on the Internet can improve the diagnostic ability of gastrointestinal endoscopists worldwide. There is no limit to the number of endoscopists who can access the system and benefit from this opportunity to learn how to make an endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer. This e-learning system could be modified to provide education regarding endoscopic diagnosis in other organs such as the large intestine and the esophagus, as well as the stomach. It may contribute to human welfare and health by reducing the mortality from gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yao
- Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan.
| | - N Uedo
- Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Muto
- Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Ishikawa
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - R Pittayanon
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross and Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - C Olano
- Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - F Yao
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - A Parra-Blanco
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S H Ho
- University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A G Avendano
- Hospital Rafael Angel Calderon Guardia, CCSS, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - A Piscoya
- Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - E Fedorov
- Russia National Medical University, Moscow University Hospital, N31, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A P Bialek
- Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - A Mitrakov
- Nizhniy Novgorod Cancer Hospital, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - L Caro
- GEDyt Gastroenterologia diagnostica y tratamiento Inst afiliafa a la UBA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Gonen
- Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Dolwani
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - A Farca
- The American British Cowdray Medical Center. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L F Cuaresma
- Hospital Nacional Adolfo Guevara Velasco, Cusco, Peru
| | - J J Bonilla
- i-gastro/Hospital Central de la Fuerza Aerea del Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - W Kasetsermwiriya
- Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - K Ragunath
- NIHR Nottingham Digestive Disease Biomedical Research Unit, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - S E Kim
- Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - M Marini
- Gastroenterology and Operative Endoscopy Unit, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - H Li
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | | | - M M Piskorz
- Hospital de Clinicas Jose de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Iacopini
- Ospedale S. Giuseppe, ASL Roma 6, Albano L, Rome, Italy
| | - J B So
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K Yamazaki
- University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - G H Kim
- Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - T L Ang
- Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - C A Waldbaum
- Hospital de Clinicas Jose de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - C M Hayward
- Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - R Singh
- Lyell McEwin Hospital & University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - R Banerjee
- Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
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Kim GH, Kim HI, Paik SS, Jung SW, Kang S, Kim IB. Functional and morphological evaluation of blue light-emitting diode-induced retinal degeneration in mice. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 254:705-16. [PMID: 26743754 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-015-3258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate a retinal degeneration (RD) model induced by exposing mice to a blue light-emitting diode (LED), which led to photoreceptor cell death. METHODS RD was induced in BALB/c mice by exposure to a blue LED (460 nm) for 2 hours. Retinal function was examined using scotopic electroretinography (ERG). Histopathological changes were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and electron microscopy. Apoptotic cell death was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In addition, retinal inflammation and oxidative stress were evaluated by immunohistochemistry with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and anti-8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), respectively. RESULTS Scotopic ERG showed that blue LED exposure resulted in a decrease in both a-waves and b-waves in mice retinas in an illuminance-dependent manner. H&E, TUNEL assay, and electron microscopy revealed massive photoreceptor cell death by apoptosis in the central region of the retina. Retinal stress and inflammation were detected by increased expression of GFAP and by electron microscopy findings demonstrating microglia infiltration in the outer nuclear layer and subretinal space. In addition, increased labeling of 8-OHdG was observed in the retinas from blue LED exposure. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that blue LED-induced RD may be a useful animal model in which to study the pathogenesis of RD, including age-related macular degeneration, and to evaluate the effects of new therapeutic agents prior to clinical trials, where oxidative stress and inflammation are the underlying RD mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Hyung Il Kim
- Gyeongju St. Mary's Eye Clinic, 293 Wonhwa-ro, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 780-946, Korea
| | - Sun-Sook Paik
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Sung Won Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Seungbum Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - In-Beom Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea. .,Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea.
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25
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Yun WH, Ban SH, Kim GH, Kim JH, Kwon SI, Choi C. Assessment of apple core collections constructed using phenotypic and genotypic data. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:6453-64. [PMID: 26125850 DOI: 10.4238/2015.june.11.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Several types of information can be used to select core collections, including passport data, agronomic data, and molecular data. However, little is known about the ability of core collections to retain the genetic diversity and structure of the whole collection for characters that were not considered during the selection, particularly when molecular markers are used. In this study, two core subsets were established for the apple (Malus spp) germplasm bank curated at the Apple Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Korea, based upon genetic diversity estimated with 14 simple sequence repeat markers, and phenotypic diversity based on 23 traits. Comparisons between these two subsets and with the whole collection were used to determine the effect of the data used in the selection on phenotypic and genetic diversity, and population structure. The two subsets had a similar diversity and did not differ from the original collection, according to the Nei and Shannon diversity indices. Allele and class frequencies were also maintained in the two subsets. Overall, the type of data used to construct the core collection had little influence on the phenotypic and genetic diversity retained. Therefore, in the case of apple collections, the use of molecular markers is preferable, because they allow rapid and reliable characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Yun
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - S H Ban
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - G H Kim
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - J-H Kim
- Apple Experiment Station, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi, Korea
| | - S I Kwon
- Apple Experiment Station, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi, Korea
| | - C Choi
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Kim JH, Kim GH, Jeong JH, Lee IH, Lee YJ, Lee NS, Jeong YG, Lee JH, Yu KS, Lee SH, Hong SK, Kang SH, Kang BS, Kim DK, Han SY. Neuroprotective effect of estradiol-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles on glutamate-induced excitotoxic neuronal death. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:8390-8397. [PMID: 25958534 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.9926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Different concentrations of estradiol (E2)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (E2-PLGA-NPs) were synthesized using the emulsion-diffusion method. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that the average particle size of E2-PLGA-NPs was 98 ± 1.9 nm when stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol and 103 ± 4.9 nm when stabilized with Tween-80. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy with diamond attenuated total reflectance was used to identify the presence or absence of E2 molecules in PLGA nanocapsules. Cell proliferation was assessed after treating SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with 1 nM-1 μM of E2 and E2-PLGA-NPs. The neuroprotective efficacy against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity was also investigated in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Neuroprotection was greater in E2-PLGA-NP-treated cells than in cells treated with the same concentration of E2. Furthermore, E2- and E2-PLGA-NP-treated cells expressed more p-ERK1/2 and p-CREB than cells treated with glutamate only. Moreover, the expression of p-ERK1/2 was higher than that of p-CREB. In this study, p-ERK1/2 had a greater influence on the neuroprotective effect of E2 and E2-PLGA-NPs than p-CREB.
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27
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Jeong JH, Kang SH, Kim JH, Yu KS, Lee IH, Lee YJ, Lee JH, Lee NS, Jeong YG, Kim DK, Kim GH, Lee SH, Hong SK, Han SY, Kang BS. Protective effects of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles loaded with erythropoietin stabilized by sodium cholate against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:8365-8371. [PMID: 25958529 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.9927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The final aim of this study was to confirm the neuroprotective effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles stabilized by sodium cholate (rhEPO-Ch-NP) and compare their effects with those of rhEPO using an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia. Glutamate-induced excitotoxic damage on SH-SY5Y cells, a human neuroblastoma cell line, with or without rhEPO-Ch-NPs was quantitatively evaluated. The rhEPO-Ch-NPs were carefully prepared using a water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion solvent evaporation technique with PLGA, sodium cholate hydrate, and ethyl acetate. The rhEPO-Ch-NPs were fully characterized by both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, significant intracellular uptake of these particles was monitored by confocal microscopy. Notably, the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and nuclear changes observed by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining in SH-SY5Y cells demonstrated that rhEPO-Ch-NPs were safer at any concentration investigated and rescued more neuronal cells, while preserving normocytic features against glutamate-induced excitotoxic damages compared to rhEPO.
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Kwon CH, Park HJ, Lee JR, Kim HK, Jeon TY, Jo HJ, Kim DH, Kim GH, Park DY. Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 1 is a biomarker of poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1993-2002. [PMID: 25211665 PMCID: PMC4229634 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In a previous study, we reported that serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 1 (serpinA1) is upregulated in Snail-overexpressing gastric cancer. Although serpinA1 has been studied in several types of cancer, little is known about its roles and mechanisms of action. In this study, we examined the role of serpinA1 in the migration and invasion of gastric cancers and determined its underlying mechanism. Methods: Expression levels were assessed by western blot analyses and real-time PCR. Snail binding to serpinA1 promoter was analysed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. The roles of serpinA1 were studied using cell invasion and migration assays. In addition, the clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of serpinA1 expression were validated in 400 gastric cancer patients using immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Overexpression of Snail resulted in upregulation of serpinA1 in gastric cancer cell lines, AGS and MKN45, whereas knockdown of Snail inhibited serpinA1 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that overexpression of Snail increased Snail recruitment to the serpinA1 promoter. Overexpression of serpinA1 increased the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, whereas knockdown of serpinA1 decreased invasion and migration. Moreover, serpinA1 increased mRNA levels and release of metalloproteinase-8 in gastric cancer cells. Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 1 was observed in the cytoplasm of tumour cells and the stroma by immunohistochemistry. Enhanced serpinA1 expression was significantly associated with increased tumour size, advanced T stage, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastases, and shorter overall survival. Conclusions: Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 1 induces the invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells and its expression is associated with the progression of gastric cancer. These results may provide a potential target to prevent invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - H J Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - J R Lee
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - H K Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - T Y Jeon
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - H-J Jo
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - D H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - G H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-739, Korea
| | - D Y Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-739, Korea
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Kim HJ, Ye BS, Yoon CW, Noh Y, Kim GH, Cho H, Jeon S, Lee JM, Kim JH, Seong JK, Kim CH, Choe YS, Lee KH, Kim ST, Kim JS, Park SE, Kim JH, Chin J, Cho J, Kim C, Lee JH, Weiner MW, Na DL, Seo SW. Cortical thickness and hippocampal shape in pure vascular mild cognitive impairment and dementia of subcortical type. Eur J Neurol 2014; 21:744-51. [PMID: 24495089 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The progression pattern of brain structural changes in patients with isolated cerebrovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. To investigate the role of isolated CVD in cognitive impairment patients, patterns of cortical thinning and hippocampal atrophy in pure subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) and pure subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD) patients were characterized. METHODS Forty-five patients with svMCI and 46 patients with SVaD who were negative on Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography imaging and 75 individuals with normal cognition (NC) were recruited. RESULTS Compared with NC, patients with PiB(-) svMCI exhibited frontal, language and retrieval type memory dysfunctions, which in patients with PiB(-) SVaD were further impaired and accompanied by visuospatial and recognition memory dysfunctions. Compared with NC, patients with PiB(-) svMCI exhibited cortical thinning in the frontal, perisylvian, basal temporal and posterior cingulate regions. This atrophy was more prominent and extended further toward the lateral parietal and medial temporal regions in patients with PiB(-) SVaD. Compared with NC subjects, patients with PiB(-) svMCI exhibited hippocampal shape deformities in the lateral body, whilst patients with PiB(-) SVaD exhibited additional deformities within the lateral head and inferior body. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that patients with CVD in the absence of Alzheimer's disease pathology can be demented, showing cognitive impairment in multiple domains, which is consistent with the topography of cortical thinning and hippocampal shape deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim HG, Kim EY, Yu YJ, Kim GH, Jeong JW, Byeon JH, Chung BH, Yang CW. Comparison of clinical outcomes in hepatitis B virus-positive kidney transplant recipients with or without pretransplantation antiviral therapy. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:1374-8. [PMID: 23726576 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiviral agents have improved the outcomes of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Preemptive therapy has been the main approach to forestall HBV reactivation. We sought to compare prophylactic and preemptive approaches. METHODS We divided the 69 HBV-positive KTRs into treatment and historical control groups, according to the time of starting pretransplantation antiviral therapy. The treatment group was further divided into prophylactic and preemptive therapy groups. RESULTS The treatment group showed a significant improvement in 10-year graft (82% vs 34%) and patient (91% vs 57%) survivals. Among the historical control group, the main causes of graft failure were patient deaths (68%), which were mostly caused by liver diseases. In contrast, there was no liver-related death in the treatment group. In addition, there was no difference in graft or patient survival between the prophylactic and preemptive groups, but the incidence of HBV reactivation was lower in the prophylactic group. Antiviral therapy was an independent factor for the improved patient survival (P = .005). CONCLUSIONS Pretransplantation antiviral therapy is essential to improve clinical outcomes. Prophylactic may be better than preemptive antiviral therapy to decrease HBV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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I H, Kim GH, Park DY, Kim YD, Lee BE, Ryu DY, Kim DU, Song GA. Management of gastric epithelial neoplasia in patients requiring esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus 2013; 26:603-8. [PMID: 23237403 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is occasionally associated with malignancies located in other regions of the alimentary tract, as well as in the head, neck, and upper respiratory tract. The stomach is most commonly used for reconstruction of the alimentary tract after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. When synchronous tumors are located in the stomach, it is often unsuitable for use in esophageal reconstruction. In such cases, an invasive procedure involving anastomosis between the esophagus and the colon must be performed. However, this procedure is associated with a high incidence of mortality and morbidity. Seven patients with synchronous esophageal cancer and gastric epithelial neoplasia were encountered. First, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed for the gastric epithelial neoplasia. Then, following successful ESD, Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for esophageal cancer was planned 1 to 2 weeks later. A total of 11 gastric epithelial lesions were found in seven patients. En bloc resection by ESD was possible in all 11 lesions and histologically complete resection was achieved in all 11 lesions. Follow-up endoscopy was done 1-2 weeks after ESD; six patients with well-healing ulcers underwent esophagectomy the next day (8 or 15 days after ESD). In one patient with a poorly healed ulcer, a second follow-up endoscopy was done 1 week later and then esophagectomy was performed the next day (22 days after ESD). Post-surgical complications related to ESD, such as bleeding or mediastinal leak, were not seen in any of the seven patients. In patients with synchronous esophageal cancer and gastric epithelial neoplasia, ESD for gastric epithelial neoplasia followed by Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy 1 to 2 weeks later is an effective choice of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H I
- Department of Chest Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Kim GH, Yang J, Chizhov SA, Sall EG, Kulik AV, Yashin VE, Lee DS, Kang U. High average-power ultrafast CPA Yb:KYW laser system with dual-slab amplifier. Opt Express 2012; 20:3434-3442. [PMID: 22418102 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.003434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A diode-pumped, ultrafast Yb:KYW laser system utilizing chirped-pulse amplification in a dual-slab regenerative amplifier with spectral shaping of seeding pulse from a master oscillator has been developed. A train of compressed pulses with pulse length of 181 fs, repetition rate up to 200 kHz, and average power exceeding 8 W after compression and pulse picker was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Kim
- 1RSS Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, 612 DMC Hi-Tech Industry Center, 1580 Sangam-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 121-835, South Korea.
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Quan W, Hur KY, Lim Y, Oh SH, Lee JC, Kim KH, Kim GH, Kim SW, Kim HL, Lee MK, Kim KW, Kim J, Komatsu M, Lee MS. Autophagy deficiency in beta cells leads to compromised unfolded protein response and progression from obesity to diabetes in mice. Diabetologia 2012; 55:392-403. [PMID: 22075916 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The unfolded protein response (UPR) in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and autophagy are known to be related. We investigated the role of autophagy in UPR of pancreatic beta cells and the susceptibility of autophagy-deficient beta cells to the ER stress that is implicated in the development of diabetes. METHODS Rat insulin promoter (RIP)-Cre(+);autophagy-related 7 (Atg7)(F/W) mice were bred with ob/w mice to derive RIP-Cre(+);Atg7(F/F)-ob/ob mice and to induce ER stress in vivo. GFP-LC3(+)-ob/ob mice were generated to examine in vivo autophagic activity. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to study the expression of the genes of the UPR machinery. Proteolysis was assessed by determining release of incorporated radioactive leucine. RESULTS Production of UPR machinery was reduced in autophagy-deficient beta cells, which was associated with diminished production of p85α and p85β regulatory subunits of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Because of compromised UPR machinery, autophagy-deficient beta cells were susceptible to ER stressors in vitro. When mice with beta cell-specific autophagy deficiency, which have mild hyperglycaemia, were bred with ob/ob mice to induce ER stress in vivo, severe diabetes developed, which was accompanied by an increase in beta cell death and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The increased demand for UPR present in obesity was unmet in autophagy-deficient beta cells. Autophagy level and autophagic activity were enhanced by lipid, while proteolysis was reduced. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results suggest that autophagy is important for intact UPR machinery and appropriate UPR in response to lipid injury that increases demand for UPR. Autophagy deficiency in pancreatic beta cells may contribute to the progression from obesity to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Quan
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
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Kil HK, Kim WO, Chung WY, Kim GH, Seo H, Hong JY. Preoperative anxiety and pain sensitivity are independent predictors of propofol and sevoflurane requirements in general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2011; 108:119-25. [PMID: 22084330 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological factors are thought to drive inter-patient variations in anaesthetic and analgesic requirements. This cross-sectional study investigated whether preoperative psychological factors can predict anaesthetic requirements and postoperative pain. METHODS Before total thyroidectomy, 100 consecutive women completed the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the pain sensitivity questionnaire (PSQ). Target-controlled propofol was administered for induction of anaesthesia, and sevoflurane-oxygen-air was given to maintain equal depths of anaesthesia, as determined by bispectral index (BIS) monitoring. RESULTS Patients with higher anxiety scores (state and trait) required greater amounts of propofol to reach light (BIS=85) and moderate (BIS=75) levels of sedation, but only trait anxiety was significantly associated with propofol requirements in reaching a deep level of sedation (BIS=65). The MAC-hour of sevoflurane was significantly correlated only with PSQ scores. The postoperative pain intensity was significantly correlated with both STAI and PSQ. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative anxiety and pain sensitivity are independent predictors of propofol and sevoflurane requirements in general anaesthesia. Anaesthetic and analgesic doses could be modified based on the patient's preoperative anxiety and pain sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Kil
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee DG, Kim GH, Park DY, Jeong JH, Moon JY, Lee BE, Hosuk I, Song GA. Endoscopic submucosal resection of esophageal subepithelial lesions using band ligation. Endoscopy 2011; 43:822-5. [PMID: 21818736 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Subepithelial lesions (SELs) are occasionally found in the esophagus during upper endoscopy. Sometimes endoscopic resection is needed for accurate diagnosis or in the rare cases of malignant transformation of SELs. In this case series, we evaluated the usefulness of endoscopic submucosal resection with a ligation device (ESMR-L) in esophageal SELs. Twenty-three patients with 25 esophageal SELs that were no larger than 13 mm and were localized within the muscularis mucosae or submucosa were enrolled. ESMR-L was successfully performed in all 25 SELs. The en bloc resection rate was 100% (25/25), and histologically complete resection was achieved in 24 lesions (24/25, 96%). After resection of the lesion by snare, minor immediate bleeding occurred in four cases, but there was no delayed bleeding or perforation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Kim MK, Lee HY, Song IS, Lee JB, Kim GH, Yoo SM, Rho JY, White CS. A case of a giant mucocoele of the appendiceal stump presented with a palpable mass in the right thigh: pre-operative diagnosis based on characteristic multidetector CT findings. Br J Radiol 2011; 83:e220-3. [PMID: 20846981 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/98679856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The pre-operative diagnosis of a mucocoele of the appendiceal stump (MAS) may be difficult owing to rarity and non-specific clinical presentation. However, a pre-operative diagnosis of a MAS is important to prevent widespread dissemination by inadvertent spillage of mucous contents. We describe a case of a MAS presenting with a palpable mass in the right thigh in which a pre-operative diagnosis was made by characteristic multidetector CT (MDCT) findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jang HS, Kim JH, Kim KS, Jung GY, Lee JJ, Kim GH. Improvement of transmittance by fabricating broadband subwavelength anti-reflection structures for polycarbonate. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:291-295. [PMID: 21446442 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on how to increase transmittance of a 0.2 mm thick polycarbonate (PC) film by periodic subwavelength anti-reflection structures in the visible spectral range. Subwavelength anti-reflection structures like moth-eyes are fabricated into the polycarbonate substrate itself by thermal nano-imprinting lithography (TH-NIL), which uses silicon stamps that have periodic structures such as gratings (lines and spaces) and pillared dots, and are fabricated by laser interference lithography (LIL) and transformer coupled plasma etching. To increase transmittance of a polycarbonate film, we control the periods and shapes of patterns, the number of patterned surfaces, and the overlapping direction of patterns that are fabricated into its surfaces. As a result of this, we show that average transmittance improves as the pattern period gets shorter and as both surfaces of the film are patterned. We also show that the spectrum range gets larger as the pattern period gets shorter and is determined by the longer pattern period in the case of designing a film to have different pattern period on its surfaces. The maximum average transmittance of a polycarbonate film increases up to approximately 6% compared to a bare sample in the 470-800 nm spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Jang
- Division of Nano and Bio Technology, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 704-230, Korea
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Abstract
AIMS There is evidence suggesting that the respiratory response to sedation is different in patients with sleep apnoea, which is common in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). This study examined the respiratory response of sedation with propofol and alfentanil, whose pharmacokinetics are not affected by the renal function, in CRF patients. METHODS Chronic renal failure patients who underwent arteriovenous-fistular surgery (CRF group) and patients who underwent chemoport insertion (control group) were enrolled in this study. Sedation was induced by infusing propofol 1.5 micro/ml and alfentanil 0.2 micro/kg/min continuously in both groups. In the desaturation study, the respiratory rate and peripheral oxygen saturation in room air were checked. In the apnoea-hypopnoea study, the patient's sedation (Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation) score, apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) was recorded using a portable ventilation effort recorder (microMesam) while applying 5 l/min of oxygen through a facial mask. RESULTS The desaturation event was more common (21.5/h vs. 2/h, p = 0.001) in the CRF patients. Apnoea and hypopnoea (AHI: 13.0 vs. 1.6, p = 0.012, per cent of patients with an AHI > 5: 53.3% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.014) occurred more frequently in the CRF patients but the sedation score was not different. CONCLUSION Chronic renal failure patients have a higher risk of developing apnoea and hypopnoea during sedation, which highlights the need for careful monitoring and management in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lee
- Department of anesthesiology and pain medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee SK, Jin CH, Hyun SH, Lee DW, Kim GH, Jeon TW, Lee J, Kim DH, Jeong HG, Lee ES, Jeong TC. Identification of glutathione conjugates and mercapturic acids of 1,2-dibromopropane in female BALB/c mice by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Xenobiotica 2008; 35:97-105. [PMID: 15788371 DOI: 10.1080/00498250400021937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on recent results that 1,2-dibromopropane (1,2-DBP) causes hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity in female BALB/c mice as well as a reduction of hepatic glutathione levels, the possible formation of glutathione conjugates and mercapturic acids of 1,2-DBP was investigated in vivo in the present studies. The following four metabolites were identified in the liver at 12 h after treatment with 1,2-DBP, by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS): M1, 2-hydroxypropylglutathione; M2, 2-oxopropylglutathione; M3, N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine; and M4, N-acetyl-S-(2-oxopropyl)-L-cysteine. Ions of individual conjugates were observed at m/z 366, 364, 222 and 220, respectively. Characteristic product ions at m/z 237, 217, 204 and 202 for the identification of M1, M2, M3 and M4 were observed, respectively. In the sera isolated from the same animals, only mercapturic acids (M3 and M4) were observed by LC-ESI/MS. When female BALB/c mice were treated orally with 1,2-DBP at doses of 150, 300 and 600 mg kg(-1) once for 12 h, the production of glutathione conjugates and mercapturic acids in liver was apparently dose dependent, as were the concentrations of them in sera. When the production of metabolites from 1,2-DBP was investigated in liver following oral treatment with 600 mg kg(-1) 1,2-DBP for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, metabolite concentrations were greatest at the first time point (6 h). The results explain the authors' previous studies that oral treatment with 1,2-DBP reduces the hepatic content of glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Kyungsan, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Moule CA, Angelis F, Kim GH, Le S, Malipatil S, Foo MS, Burrow MF, Thomas D. Resin bonding using an all-etch or self-etch adhesive to enamel after carbamide peroxide and/or CPP-ACP treatment. Aust Dent J 2007; 52:133-7. [PMID: 17687960 DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2007.tb00478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence exists regarding the effect of carbamide peroxide and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on composite-enamel bonding. Microshear bond strengths, using either a total-etch or self-etching adhesive, to enamel treated with carbamide peroxide and/or CPP-ACP were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six extracted human third molars were sectioned into four parts, each being allocated into one of the four groups (n=26): bleach (Polanight, 16% carbamide peroxide), CPP-ACP (GC Tooth Mousse), bleach and then CPP-ACP, or untreated (control). The surfaces were bonded with a total-etch bonding system (Single Bond) or a self-etching primer system (Clearfil SE Bond) and tested using a microshear test. RESULTS A significant difference in bond strength was found between bonding systems. SE Bond showed the highest bond strength to untreated enamel (p < 0.05). The microshear bond strength of SE Bond decreased when the enamel was treated with carbamide peroxide, CPP-ACP or both (p < 0.05). Only combined use of carbamide peroxide and CPP-ACP significantly affected microshear bond strength with Single Bond. CONCLUSION These findings suggest the shear bond strength of resin to enamel using a self-etching priming adhesive may be affected if the enamel is treated with a bleaching agent or CPP-ACP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Moule
- School of Dental Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria
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Kim SJ, Kim S, Kim CW, Lee TH, Lee JW, Lee SH, Choo KS, Kim GH. Evaluation of the biliary tract: The value of performing magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in conjunction with a 3-D spoiled gradient-echo gadolinium enhanced dynamic sequence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 51:309-14. [PMID: 17635465 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.2007.01751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 3-D gradient-echo (GRE) sequence allows thinner sections and better resolution of biliary obstruction. When the presence of biliary obstruction is identified using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, the addition of the 3-D GRE sequence may be helpful for diagnosing biliary obstruction. By showing the changes in the bile duct wall, within the duct lumen and around the bile duct, this technique can be helpful for distinguishing benign from malignant stricture as well as a stone from an enhancing intraluminal mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Pusan National University Hospital, Seo-gu, Pusan, Korea
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Kim GH, Kosterin P, Obaid AL, Salzberg BM. A mechanical spike accompanies the action potential in Mammalian nerve terminals. Biophys J 2007; 92:3122-9. [PMID: 17307820 PMCID: PMC1852366 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.103754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Large and rapid changes in light scattering accompany secretion from nerve terminals of the mammalian neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary). In the mouse, these intrinsic optical signals are intimately related to the arrival of the action potential E-wave and the release of arginine vasopressin and oxytocin (S-wave). Here we have used a high bandwidth atomic force microscope to demonstrate that these light-scattering signals are associated with changes in terminal volume that are detected as nanometer-scale movements of a cantilever positioned on top of the neurohypophysis. The most rapid mechanical response ("spike"), having a duration shorter than the action potential but comparable to that of the E-wave, represents a transient increase in terminal volume due to water movement associated with Na(+)-influx. The slower mechanical event ("dip"), on the other hand, depends upon Ca(2+)-entry as well as on intraterminal Ca(2+)-transients and, analogously to the S-wave, seems to monitor events associated with secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6074, USA
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Kosterin P, Kim GH, Muschol M, Obaid AL, Salzberg BM. Changes in FAD and NADH fluorescence in neurosecretory terminals are triggered by calcium entry and by ADP production. J Membr Biol 2006; 208:113-24. [PMID: 16645741 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-005-0824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We measured changes in the intrinsic fluorescence (IF) of the neurosecretory terminals of the mouse neurohypophysis during brief (1-2 s) trains of stimuli. With fluorescence excitation at either 350 +/- 20 or 450 +/- 50 nm, and with emission measured, respectively, at 450 +/- 50 or > or = 520 nm, DeltaF/F(o) was approximately 5-8 % for a 2 s train of 30 action potentials. The IF changes lagged the onset of stimulation by approximately 100 ms and were eliminated by 1 microM tetrodotoxin (TTX). The signals were partially inhibited by 500 microM Cd(2+), by substitution of Mg(2+) for Ca(2+), by Ca(2+)-free Ringer's with 0.5 mM EGTA, and by 50 microM ouabain. The IF signals were also sensitive to the mitochondrial metabolic inhibitors CCCP (0.3 microM), FCCP (0.3 microM), and NaN(3) (0.3 mM), and their amplitude reflected the partial pressure of oxygen (pO(2)) in the bath. Resting fluorescence at both 350 nm and 450 nm exhibited significant bleaching. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is fluorescent, while its reduced form FADH(2) is relatively non-fluorescent; conversely, NADH is fluorescent, while its oxidized form NAD is non-fluorescent. Thus, our experiments suggest that the stimulus-coupled rise in [Ca(2+)](i) triggers an increase in FAD and NAD as FADH(2) and NADH are oxidized, but that elevation of [Ca(2+)](i), alone cannot account for the totality of changes in intrinsic fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kosterin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
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Lee SK, Lee DW, Jeon TW, Jin CH, Kim GH, Jun IH, Lee DJ, Kim SI, Kim DH, Jahng Y, Jeong TC. Characterization of the Phase II metabolites of rutaecarpine in rat by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Xenobiotica 2006; 35:1135-45. [PMID: 16418066 DOI: 10.1080/00498250500363742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
From the authors' previous studies on the Phase I metabolism of rutaecarpine, nine metabolites formed were identified as products of hydroxylation on the aromatic rings in rat liver microsomes. In order to determine the possible metabolic fate of rutaecarpine, the Phase II metabolites of rutaecarpine were characterized in the present study by using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS). When male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated intravenously with 4 mg kg(-1) rutaecarpine, 16 different Phase I and II metabolites were identified in urine including four sulfate and four glucuronide conjugates. Phase I metabolites of rutaecarpine were identified as four mono-hydroxylated metabolites (M2-5) and four isobaric di-hydroxylated metabolites (M6-9). These metabolites were identical to the in vitro metabolites except one, which was hydroxylated in the aliphatic moiety. In addition, Phase II metabolites were identified as conjugated with sulfate (S1-4) and glucuronide (G1-4). In faeces, 11 different metabolites were identified. The metabolites M8 and glucuronide conjugated (G1-4) were not detected. Structures of all metabolites were confirmed with CID fragmentation spectra of MS(2), MS(3) and retention times by LC/ESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
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Hafz N, Hur MS, Kim GH, Kim C, Ko IS, Suk H. Quasimonoenergetic electron beam generation by using a pinholelike collimator in a self-modulated laser wakefield acceleration. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2006; 73:016405. [PMID: 16486286 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.73.016405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A relativistic electron bunch with a large charge (>2 nC) was produced from a self-modulated laser wakefield acceleration configuration. For this experiment, an intense laser beam with a peak power of 2 TW and a duration of 700 fs was focused in a supersonic He gas jet, and relativistic high-energy electrons were observed from the strong laser-plasma interaction. By passing the electron bunch through a small pinholelike collimator, we could generate a quasimonoenergetic high-energy electron beam, in which electrons within a cone angle of 0.25 mrad (f/70) were selected. The beam clearly showed a narrow-energy-spread behavior with a central energy of 4.3 MeV and a charge of 200 pC. The acceleration gradient was estimated to be about 30 GeV/m. Particle-in-cell simulations were performed for comparison study and the result shows that both the experimental and simulation results are in good agreement and the electron trapping is initiated by the slow beat wave of the Raman backward wave and the incident laser pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hafz
- Center for Advanced Accelerators, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon 641-120, Korea
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Kim GH, Yoon JY, Kim SW, Choi E. Duration curve analysis for the assessment of pathogen loading from diffuse sources. Water Sci Technol 2006; 54:345-52. [PMID: 17302338 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen level of surface waters has received great attention for protecting public health. In this study, total coliform, fecal coliform and Escherichia coli concentrations were monitored as the pathogen indicator organisms at six monitoring stations in the Geum River, Korea. Rainfall runoff from two agricultural-forestry watersheds was analyzed for their microbial aspect as well. Total coliform concentration of the Geum River showed high correlation with the flow rate. To estimate total coliform loading on the Geum River in probability scale, the duration curve method was applied. In addition, a standard duration curve reflecting the water quality criteria was constructed to determine water quality compliance. Under the assumption of linearity between flow rate and total coliform concentration of the Geum River, total coliform duration curve revealed that total coliform concentrations exceed the desired criteria mainly due to pollutants from diffuse sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea.
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Kim JY, Park DY, Kim GH, Choi KU, Lee CH, Huh GY, Sol MY, Song GA, Jeon TY, Kim DH, Sim MS. Smad4 expression in gastric adenoma and adenocarcinoma: frequent loss of expression in diffuse type of gastric adenocarcinoma. Histol Histopathol 2005; 20:543-9. [PMID: 15736060 DOI: 10.14670/hh-20.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Smads are signal transducers for the members of the TGF-beta superfamily. Of these Smads, Smad4 is essential for TGF-beta signaling. The purpose of this study was to elucidate Smad4 expression and localization in 65 gastric adenomas, 49 intestinal-type and 39 diffuse type of gastric adenocarcinomas (including 12 cases of fresh frozen tissue) using Real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Real-time RT-PCR showed that intestinal type gastric adenocarcinomas have higher Smad4 mRNA expression than diffuse type gastric adenocarcinomas. Immunohistochemical stain for Smad4 revealed that expression of Smad4 was significantly lower in diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma than intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinomas. Also, higher Smad4 protein expression in intestinal type gastric adenocarcinomas than overall gastric adenoma was noted. The rate of reduced Smad4 expression was higher in advanced gastric cancer than early gastric cancer. These results suggest that Smad4 might play different roles in human gastric carcinogenesis, especially between intestinal type and diffuse type of gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, 419 SsangMunDong, DoBong-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) have been widely used in inoperable malignant gastric outlet obstructions, but stent obstructions caused by tumor ingrowth and migration are a major problem of SEMS. The aims of this study were to assess the rate of stent restenosis, to identify lesion characteristics related to early restenosis by tumor ingrowth, and, in particular, to find suitable patient groups for uncovered or covered stents at first implantation. METHODS Forty-nine patients were reviewed: stomach cancer in 34 patients, primary duodenal cancer in 3 patients, pancreatic cancer in 5 patients, and common bile duct cancer in 7 patients. In principle, uncovered stents were initially placed at the time when obstruction symptoms occurred and the endoscope would not pass through. Stent obstruction due to tumor ingrowth within 4 weeks after the first stent implantation was regarded as early stent restenosis. RESULTS Technical success was seen in 49/49 patients (100%). Migration did not occur. Stent obstructions caused by tumor overgrowth were found in 2/49 patients (4.1%) after 1 month. Stent obstructions caused by tumor ingrowth occurred in 14/49 patients (28.5%), and 7 of them (14.3%) were found to have early restenosis. The only statistically significant factor for early restenosis was stenosis site, and early restenosis was more frequent in the postoperative anastomosis site in the current study; a) 2/18 antropyloric obstructions (11.1%), b) 1/15 pyloric and duodenal bulb obstructions (6.7%), c) 0/10 duodenal second portion obstructions (0%), and d) 4/6 postoperative anastomosis site obstructions (66.7) (P < 0.05, 95% CI 0.003-0.005). CONCLUSIONS Uncovered stents are technically feasible and effective for most malignant gastric outlet obstructions. However, because of frequent early restenosis among patients with postoperative anastomosis site obstructions, the placement of covered or simultaneous dual stents to prevent early restenosis should be considered when stenting postoperative anastomosis site obstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Seo-Gu, Busan, Korea
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