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Warren CE, Campbell KM, Kirkham MN, Saito ER, Remund NP, Cayabyab KB, Kim IJ, Heimuli MS, Reynolds PR, Arroyo JA, Bikman BT. The Effect of Diesel Exhaust Particles on Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Function and Inflammatory Status. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4322. [PMID: 38673906 PMCID: PMC11050398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Air pollution poses a significant global health risk, with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) such as diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) being of particular concern due to their potential to drive systemic toxicities through bloodstream infiltration. The association between PM2.5 exposure and an increased prevalence of metabolic disorders, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is evident against a backdrop of rising global obesity and poor metabolic health. This paper examines the role of adipose tissue in mediating the effects of PM2.5 on metabolic health. Adipose tissue, beyond its energy storage function, is responsive to inhaled noxious stimuli, thus disrupting metabolic homeostasis and responding to particulate exposure with pro-inflammatory cytokine release, contributing to systemic inflammation. The purpose of this study was to characterize the metabolic response of adipose tissue in mice exposed to either DEPs or room air (RA), exploring both the adipokine profile and mitochondrial bioenergetics. In addition to a slight change in fat mass and a robust shift in adipocyte hypertrophy in the DEP-exposed animals, we found significant changes in adipose mitochondrial bioenergetics. Furthermore, the DEP-exposed animals had a significantly higher expression of adipose inflammatory markers compared with the adipose from RA-exposed mice. Despite the nearly exclusive focus on dietary factors in an effort to better understand metabolic health, these results highlight the novel role of environmental factors that may contribute to the growing global burden of poor metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin T. Bikman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Kuntic M, Kuntic I, Hahad O, Lelieveld J, Münzel T, Daiber A. Impact of air pollution on cardiovascular aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 214:111857. [PMID: 37611809 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The world population is aging rapidly, and by some estimates, the number of people older than 60 will double in the next 30 years. With the increase in life expectancy, adverse effects of environmental exposures start playing a more prominent role in human health. Air pollution is now widely considered the most detrimental of all environmental risk factors, with some studies estimating that almost 20% of all deaths globally could be attributed to poor air quality. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and will continue to account for the most significant percentage of non-communicable disease burden. Cardiovascular aging with defined pathomechanisms is a major trigger of cardiovascular disease in old age. Effects of environmental risk factors on cardiovascular aging should be considered in order to increase the health span and reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in older populations. In this review, we explore the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular aging, from the molecular mechanisms to cardiovascular manifestations of aging and, finally, the age-related cardiovascular outcomes. We also explore the distinction between the effects of air pollution on healthy aging and disease progression. Future efforts should focus on extending the health span rather than the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Kuntic
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivana Kuntic
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Andreas Daiber
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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3
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Overexpression of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (Ahr) Mediates an Oxidative Stress Response following Injection of Fine Particulate Matter in the Temporal Cortex. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2020:6879738. [PMID: 33488929 PMCID: PMC7803159 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6879738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that particulate matter (PM) induces the expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) leading to the activation of the oxidative stress response. This study is aimed at characterizing the specific impact of fine PM on the expression profile of the Ahr and oxidative stress response in the primary auditory cortex. PM2.5 (<1.8 μm)-loaded filters were suspended in sterile saline to 102.6-111.82 μg/ml. Next, 10 μl of PM2.5 or an equal volume of saline was administered intracranially into the temporal cortex of two groups of rats (PM2.5 and control; n = 14 per group), respectively. One week after intracranial injection, the temporal cortex was harvested. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to evaluate the distribution of PM2.5 within the temporal cortex. Additionally, the mRNA and protein expression levels of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), CYP1B1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Ahr, and brevican mRNA and protein were measured using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blotting, respectively. Finally, the protein expression levels of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PM2.5 was observed in intracellular vesicles within the temporal cortex following intracranial injection. Levels of oxidative stress molecules (i.e., CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and iNOS), Ahr, Brevican, and RAGE were higher in the PM2.5 group compared with the control group. Intracranial administration of PM2.5 led to increased levels of Ahr and markers of an oxidative stress response in the temporal cortex. The oxidative stress response-mediated increases in the levels of brevican and RAGE.
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Prantner D, Nallar S, Vogel SN. The role of RAGE in host pathology and crosstalk between RAGE and TLR4 in innate immune signal transduction pathways. FASEB J 2020; 34:15659-15674. [PMID: 33131091 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002136r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the innate immune receptor protein, Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE), has been extensively studied, there has been renewed interest in RAGE for its potential role in sepsis, along with a host of other inflammatory diseases of chronic, noninfectious origin. In contrast to other innate immune receptors, for example, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), that recognize ligands derived from pathogenic organisms that are collectively known as "pathogen-associated molecular patterns" (PAMPs) or host-derived "damage-associated molecular patterns" (DAMPs), RAGE has been shown to recognize a broad collection of DAMPs exclusively. Historically, these DAMPs have been shown to be pro-inflammatory in nature. Early studies indicated that the adaptor molecule, MyD88, might be important for this change. More recent studies have explored further the mechanisms underlying this inflammatory change. Overall, the newer results have shown that there is extensive crosstalk between RAGE and TLRs. The three canonical RAGE ligands, Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs), HMGB1, and S100 proteins, have all been shown to activate both TLRs and RAGE to varying degrees in order to induce inflammation in in vitro models. As with any field that delves deeply into innate signaling, obstacles of reagent purity may be a cause of some of the discrepancies in the literature, and we have found that commercial antibodies that have been widely used exhibit a high degree of nonspecificity. Nonetheless, the weight of published evidence has led us to speculate that RAGE may be physically interacting with TLRs on the cell surface to elicit inflammation via MyD88-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Prantner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shreeram Nallar
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stefanie N Vogel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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5
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Yamaguchi K, Iwamoto H, Mazur W, Miura S, Sakamoto S, Horimasu Y, Masuda T, Miyamoto S, Nakashima T, Ohshimo S, Fujitaka K, Hamada H, Hattori N. Reduced endogenous secretory RAGE in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is associated with poor prognosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2020; 21:145. [PMID: 32527263 PMCID: PMC7291663 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (esRAGE) is a soluble isoform produced by alternative splicing of the RAGE gene. The isoform has anti-inflammatory properties due to its inhibition of the RAGE/ligand interaction and is reduced in the lung tissue of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aimed to investigate the association of esRAGE serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels with progression of IPF. Methods This study included 79 IPF patients and 90 healthy controls. IPF and control serum esRAGE levels were compared, and the correlation between serum and BALF esRAGE levels was analyzed in 57 IPF patient samples. We also investigated the relationship of esRAGE serum and BALF levels with prognoses and lung function parameters in patients with IPF. Results Serum esRAGE levels in IPF patients were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (162.0 ± 102.4 ng/ml and 200.7 ± 107.3 ng/ml, p = 0.009), although the baseline characteristics of age and smoking history were not matched. Serum levels of esRAGE were correlated with BALF esRAGE levels (rs = 0.317). The BALF esRAGE levels were also correlated with diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (rs = 0.406). A Kaplan-Meier curve analysis and univariate/multivariate Cox hazard proportion analysis revealed that lower levels of esRAGE in blood and BALF were significantly associated with poorer prognoses in patients with IPF. Conclusions Decreased esRAGE levels in BALF and blood were associated with poor prognoses in patients with IPF. These results suggest that esRAGE could be related to the pathophysiology of IPF and serum esRAGE could be a potential prognostic marker of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Witold Mazur
- Heart and Lung Centre, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shinichiro Miura
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yasushi Horimasu
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shintaro Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Taku Nakashima
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ohshimo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazunori Fujitaka
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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Hardman JA, Muneeb F, Pople J, Bhogal R, Shahmalak A, Paus R. Human Perifollicular Macrophages Undergo Apoptosis, Express Wnt Ligands, and Switch their Polarization during Catagen. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2543-2546.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Gibbs JL, Dallon BW, Lewis JB, Walton CM, Arroyo JA, Reynolds PR, Bikman BT. Diesel Exhaust Particle Exposure Compromises Alveolar Macrophage Mitochondrial Bioenergetics. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225598. [PMID: 31717476 PMCID: PMC6888061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are known pathogenic pollutants that constitute a significant quantity of air pollution. Given the ubiquitous presence of macrophages throughout the body, including the lungs, as well as their critical role in tissue and organismal metabolic function, we sought to determine the effect of DEP exposure on macrophage mitochondrial function. Following daily DEP exposure in mice, pulmonary macrophages were isolated for mitochondrial analyses, revealing reduced respiration rates and dramatically elevated H2O2 levels. Serum ceramides and inflammatory cytokines were increased. To determine the degree to which the changes in mitochondrial function in macrophages were not dependent on any cross-cell communication, primary pulmonary murine macrophages were used to replicate the DEP exposure in a cell culture model. We observed similar changes as seen in pulmonary macrophages, namely diminished mitochondrial respiration, but increased H2O2 production. Interestingly, when treated with myriocin to inhibit ceramide biosynthesis, these DEP-induced mitochondrial changes were mitigated. Altogether, these data suggest that DEP exposure may compromise macrophage mitochondrial and whole-body function via pathologic alterations in macrophage ceramide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Gibbs
- Metabolism Research Lab, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Blake W. Dallon
- Metabolism Research Lab, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Joshua B. Lewis
- Lung and Placental Research Lab, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Chase M. Walton
- Metabolism Research Lab, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Juan A. Arroyo
- Lung and Placental Research Lab, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Paul R. Reynolds
- Lung and Placental Research Lab, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Benjamin T. Bikman
- Metabolism Research Lab, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Correspondence:
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8
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Chen R, Zhu S, Zeng L, Wang Q, Sheng Y, Zhou B, Tang D, Kang R. AGER-Mediated Lipid Peroxidation Drives Caspase-11 Inflammasome Activation in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1904. [PMID: 31440260 PMCID: PMC6694796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome activation can trigger an inflammatory and innate immune response through the release of cytokines and induction of pyroptosis. A dysfunctional inflammasome has been implicated in the development of human pathologies, including sepsis and septic shock. Here, we show that advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor (AGER/RAGE) is required for caspase-11 inflammasome activation in macrophages. A nuclear damage-associated molecular pattern (nDAMP) complex, including high-mobility group box 1, histone, and DNA, can promote caspase-11-mediated gasdermin D cleavage, interleukin 1β proteolytic maturation, and lactate dehydrogenase release. The inhibition of AGER-mediated lipid peroxidation via arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) limits caspase-11 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in macrophages in response to nDAMPs or cytosolic lipopolysaccharide. Importantly, the pharmacologic inhibition of the AGER-ALOX5 pathway or global depletion (Ager-/-) or conditional depletion of AGER in myeloid cells (AgerMye-/-) protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced septic death in poly(I:C)-primed mice. These data identify a molecular basis for caspase-11 inflammasome activation and provide a potential strategy to treat sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochan Chen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and State Key Lab of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Research Institute for Traffic Medicine of People's Liberation Army, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yi Sheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Borong Zhou
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Effects of Air Pollution on Lung Innate Lymphoid Cells: Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16132347. [PMID: 31269777 PMCID: PMC6650824 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Outdoor air pollution is associated with respiratory infections and allergies, yet the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in pathogen containment and airway hyperresponsiveness relevant to effects of air pollutants on ILCs is poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the available evidence on the effect of outdoor air pollutants on the lung type 1 (ILC1) and type 2 ILCs (ILC2) subsets. We searched five electronic databases (up to Dec 2018) for studies on the effect of carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), diesel exhaust particles (DEP), ozone (O3), and particulate matter (PM) on respiratory ILCs. Of 2209 identified citations, 22 full-text papers were assessed for eligibility, and 12 articles describing experimental studies performed in murine strains (9) and on human blood cells (3) were finally selected. Overall, these studies showed that exposure to PM, DEP, and high doses of O3 resulted in a reduction of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production and cytotoxicity of ILC1. These pollutants and carbon nanotubes stimulate lung ILC2s, produce high levels of interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13, and induce airway hyperresponsiveness. These findings highlight potential mechanisms by which human ILCs react to air pollution that increase the susceptibility to infections and allergies.
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10
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Santana FPR, Pinheiro NM, Bittencourt-Mernak MI, Perini A, Yoshizaki K, Macchione M, Saldiva PHN, Martins MA, Tibério IFLC, Prado MAM, Prado VF, Prado CM. Vesicular acetylcholine transport deficiency potentiates some inflammatory responses induced by diesel exhaust particles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 167:494-504. [PMID: 30368143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous acetylcholine (ACh), which depends of the levels of vesicular ACh transport (VAChT) to be released, is the central mediator of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory system. ACh controls the release of cytokine in different models of inflammation. Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are one of the major environmental pollutants produced in large quantity by automotive engines in urban center. DEP bind the lung parenchyma and induce inflammation. We evaluated whether cholinergic dysfunction worsens DEP-induced lung inflammation. Male mice with decreased ACh release due to reduced expression of VAChT (VAChT-KD mice) were submitted to DEP exposure for 30 days (3 mg/mL of DEP, once a day, five days a week) or saline. Pulmonary function and inflammation as well as extracellular matrix fiber deposition were evaluated. Additionally, airway and nasal epithelial mucus production were quantified. We found that DEP instillation worsened lung function and increased lung inflammation. Higher levels of mononuclear cells were observed in the peripheral blood of both wild-type (WT) and VAChT-KD mice. Also, both wild-type (WT) and VAChT-KD mice showed an increase in macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as well as increased expression of IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-α, and NF-κB in lung cells. The collagen fiber content in alveolar septa was also increased in both genotypes. On the other hand, we observed that granulocytes were increased only in VAChT-KD peripheral blood. Likewise, increased BALF lymphocytes and neutrophils as well as increased elastic fibers in alveolar septa, airway neutral mucus, and nasal epithelia acid mucus were observed only in VAChT-KD mice. The cytokines IL-4 and TNF-α were also higher in VAChT-KD mice compared with WT mice. In conclusion, decreased ability to release ACh exacerbates some of the lung alterations induced by DEP in mice, suggesting that VAChT-KD animals are more vulnerable to the effects of DEP in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda P R Santana
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Nathalia M Pinheiro
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adenir Perini
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly Yoshizaki
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariângela Macchione
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo H N Saldiva
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton A Martins
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Antônio M Prado
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Vânia F Prado
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil.
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11
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Chen M, Zhou H, Xu Y, Qiu L, Hu Z, Qin X, Chen S, Zhang Y, Cao Q, Abu-Amer Y, Ying Z. From the Cover: Lung-Specific Overexpression of Constitutively Active IKK2 Induces Pulmonary and Systemic Inflammations but Not Hypothalamic Inflammation and Glucose Intolerance. Toxicol Sci 2018; 160:4-14. [PMID: 29036520 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung is constantly exposed to ambient pollutants such as ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), making it one of the most frequent locations of inflammation in the body. Given the establishment of crucial role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases, pulmonary inflammation is thus widely believed to be an important risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. However, the causality between them has not yet been well established. To determine if pulmonary inflammation is sufficient to cause adverse cardiometabolic effects, SFTPC-rtTA+/-tetO-cre+/-pROSA-inhibitor κB kinase 2(IKK2)ca+/- (LungIKK2ca) and littermate SFTPC-rtTA+/-tetO-cre-/-pROSA-IKK2ca+/- wildtype (WT) mice were fed with doxycycline diet to induce constitutively active Ikk2 (Ikk2ca) overexpression in the lung and their pulmonary, systemic, adipose, and hypothalamic inflammations, vascular function, and glucose homeostasis were assessed. Feeding with doxycycline diet resulted in IKK2ca overexpression in the lungs of LungIKK2ca but not WT mice. This induction of IKK2ca was accompanied by marked pulmonary inflammation as evidenced by significant increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid leukocytes, pulmonary macrophage infiltration, and pulmonary mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α (Tnfα) and interleukin-6 (Il-6). This pulmonary inflammation due to lung-specific overexpression of IKK2ca was sufficient to increase circulating TNFα and IL-6 levels, adipose expression of Tnfα and Il-6 mRNA, aortic endothelial dysfunction, and systemic insulin resistance. Unexpectedly, no significant alteration in hypothalamic expression of Tnfα and Il-6 mRNA and glucose intolerance were observed in these mice. Pulmonary inflammation is sufficient to induce systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and insulin resistance, but not hypothalamic inflammation and glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Chen
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.,Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.,Department of Pathology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lianglin Qiu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ziying Hu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.,Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Xiaobo Qin
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Sufang Chen
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Orthopedics and Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri63110
| | - Zhekang Ying
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.,Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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12
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Lewis JB, Bodine JS, Gassman JR, Muñoz SA, Milner DC, Dunaway TM, Egbert KM, Monson TD, Broberg DS, Arroyo JA, Reynolds PR. Transgenic up-regulation of Claudin-6 decreases fine diesel particulate matter (DPM)-induced pulmonary inflammation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:18179-18188. [PMID: 29696536 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-6 (Cldn6) is a tetraspanin transmembrane protein that contributes to tight junctional complexes and has been implicated in the maintenance of lung epithelial barriers. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that genetic up-regulation of Cldn-6 influences inflammation in mice exposed to short-term environmental diesel particulate matter (DPM). Mice were subjected to ten exposures of nebulized DPM (PM2.5) over a period of 20 days via a nose-only inhalation system (Scireq, Montreal, Canada). Using real-time RT-PCR, we discovered that the Cldn6 gene was up-regulated in control mice exposed to DPM and in lung-specific transgenic mice that up-regulate Cldn-6 (Cldn-6 TG). Interestingly, DPM did not further enhance Cldn-6 expression in Cldn-6 TG mice. DPM caused increased cell diapedesis into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from control mice; however, Cldn-6 TG mice had less total cells and PMNs in BALF following DPM exposure. Because Cldn-6 TG mice had diminished cell diapedesis, other inflammatory intermediates were screened to characterize the impact of increased Cldn-6 on inflammatory signaling. Cytokines that mediate inflammatory responses including TNF-α and IL-1β were differentially regulated in Cldn6 TG mice and controls following DPM exposure. These results demonstrate that epithelial barriers organized by Cldn-6 mediate, at least in part, diesel-induced inflammation. Further work may show that Cldn-6 is a key target in understanding pulmonary epithelial gateways exacerbated by environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Lewis
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Jared S Bodine
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Jason R Gassman
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Samuel Arce Muñoz
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Dallin C Milner
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Todd M Dunaway
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Kaleb M Egbert
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Troy D Monson
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Dallin S Broberg
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Juan A Arroyo
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Paul R Reynolds
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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13
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Potential contribution of alveolar epithelial type I cells to pulmonary fibrosis. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20171301. [PMID: 29026006 PMCID: PMC5696455 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the interstitium and destruction of alveolar histoarchitecture ultimately leading to a fatal impairment of lung function. Different concepts describe either a dominant role of inflammatory pathways or a disturbed remodeling of resident cells of the lung parenchyma during fibrogenesis. Further, a combination of both the mechanisms has been postulated. The present review emphasizes the particular involvement of alveolar epithelial type I cells in all these processes, their contribution to innate immune/inflammatory functions and maintenance of proper alveolar barrier functions. Amongst the different inflammatory and repair events the purinergic receptor P2X7, an ATP-gated cationic channel that regulates not only apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and NLPR3 inflammosome activation, but also the turnover of diverse tight junction (TJ) and water channel proteins, seems to be essential for the stability of alveolar barrier integrity and for the interaction with protective factors during lung injury.
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14
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Lewis JB, Mejia C, Jordan C, Monson TD, Bodine JS, Dunaway TM, Egbert KM, Lewis AL, Wright TJ, Ogden KC, Broberg DS, Hall PD, Nelson SM, Hirschi KM, Reynolds PR, Arroyo JA. Inhibition of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) protects from secondhand smoke (SHS)-induced intrauterine growth restriction IUGR in mice. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 370:513-521. [PMID: 28948356 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a disease affecting 10% of all pregnancies. IUGR is associated with maternal, fetal, or placental abnormalities. Studies investigating the effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and IUGR are limited. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a pro-inflammatory transmembrane receptor increased by SHS in the placenta. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of RAGE during SHS exposure protects from smoke-induced IUGR. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to SHS or SHS + semi-synthetic glycosaminoglycan ethers (SAGEs) known to inhibit RAGE signaling. Trophoblast cells were treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) with or without SAGEs in order to address the effects of RAGE inhibition during trophoblast invasion in vitro. SHS-treated mice demonstrated a significant reduction in fetal weight (7.35-fold, P ≤ 0.0001) and placental weight (1.13-fold, P ≤ 0.0001) compared with controls. Mice co-treated with SHS and SAGEs were protected from SHS-induced fetal weights decreases. SHS treatment of C57BL/6 mice activated placental extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) (3.0-fold, P ≤ 0.05), JNK (2.4-fold, P ≤ 0.05) and p38 (2.1-fold, P ≤ 0.05) and the expression of inflammatory mediators including TNF-α (1.34-fold, P ≤ 0.05) and IL-1β (1.03-fold, P ≤ 0.05). SHS-mediated activation of these molecules was reduced to basal levels when SAGE was co-administered. Invasion of trophoblast cells decreased 92% (P < 0.002) when treated with CSE and CSE-mediated invasion was completely reversed by SAGEs. We conclude that RAGE inhibition protects against fetal weight loss during SHS-induced IUGR. These studies provide insight into tobacco-mediated IUGR development and clarify avenues that may be helpful in the alleviation of placental complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Lewis
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Camilo Mejia
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Clinton Jordan
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Troy D Monson
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Jared S Bodine
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Todd M Dunaway
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Kaleb M Egbert
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Adam L Lewis
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Tanner J Wright
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - K Connor Ogden
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Dallin S Broberg
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Parker D Hall
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Shawn M Nelson
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Kelsey M Hirschi
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Paul R Reynolds
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Juan A Arroyo
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from smokers release higher levels of IL-1-like cytokines after exposure to combustion-generated ultrafine particles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43016. [PMID: 28223692 PMCID: PMC5320442 DOI: 10.1038/srep43016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafine particles (UFP) generated by combustion processes are often associated with adverse health effects. However, little is known about the inflammatory processes generated by UFP that may underlie their toxicological activity. Murine macrophages (J774.1 cells) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used to evaluate the molecular mechanism underlying the pro-inflammatory activity of UFP. The addition of soot particles to J774.1 cells induced a concentration-dependent release of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-33 This effect was not associated with cell death and, in contrast to literature, was pronounced at very low concentrations (5–100 pg/ml). Similarly, UFP induced the release of IL-1α, IL-18 and IL-33 by PBMCs. However, this effect was solely observed in PBMCs obtained from smokers, as the PBMCs from non-smokers instead released higher levels of IL-10. The release of these cytokines after UFP exposure was caspase-1- and NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent in PBMCs from healthy smokers, whereas IL-1α release was calpain-dependent. These results show that UFP at very low concentrations are able to give rise to an inflammatory process that is responsible for IL-1α, IL-18 and IL-33 release, which is pronounced in PBMCs from smokers, confirming that these individuals are especially susceptible to inflammatory-based airway diseases once exposed to air pollution.
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