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Wang F, Zhang Z, Han J, Zheng J, Wang X, Wang Z. Discovery of microglia gonadotropin‑releasing hormone receptor and its potential role in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2023; 27:77. [PMID: 36799164 PMCID: PMC10018280 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic inflammation is a pathophysiological basis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), while overactivated and/or excess M1 polarized microglia are considered to be the main reason for the occurrence of hypothalamic inflammation. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to assess the relationships between microglia‑mediated inflammatory reactions and endocrine functions in the PCOS hypothalamus. The expression of gonadotropin‑releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor (GnRHR) was demonstrated in hypothalamic microglia, and it was found that low concentration, GnRH agonist, leuprolide acetate accelerated the expression of M2 polarization marker CD206, while high concentration leuprolide acetate increased the expression of M1 polarization marker CD86 in vitro. Furthermore, aerobic exercise not only reduced the levels of serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone and GnRH and the amount of overactivated microglia, but also increased the number of M2 microglia in the hypothalamus of letrozole‑induced PCOS rats. In combination, these results not only demonstrated the expression of GnRHR in hypothalamic microglia, but also demonstrated that GnRH can induce microglial polarization, while aerobic exercise may improve the microglia‑mediated inflammatory reaction by reducing the expression of GnRHR in the hypothalamic microglia of PCOS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghong Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China
| | - Junyong Han
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China
| | - Zhengchao Wang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China
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2
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Ni W, Zhang J, Wang B, Liang F, Bao L, Li P, Fang Y. Actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1 up-regulation in the hypothalamus prevents high-fat diet induced obesity. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:64-77. [PMID: 36382618 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health crisis in the modern society. Studies have shown that the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) induces hypothalamic inflammation and leptin resistance, which consequently favours body mass gain. Actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1 (ARPC1B), an actin-binding protein, is highly expressed in immune cells. Recent studies have shown that ARPC1B has a certain anti-inflammatory effect. While ARPC1B expression is decreased in the hypothalamus of mice fed a HFD, the role of ARPC1B in HFD-induced obesity remains unclear. Thus, we investigated whether ARPC1B up-regulation in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) could inhibit the development of obesity. Herein, ARPC1B overexpression lentiviral particles were stereotaxically injected into the ARC of male C57BL/6J mice (7 weeks old) fed with HFD. Overexpression of ARPC1B in the hypothalamic ARC attenuated HFD-induced ARC inflammation, reduced body-weight gain and feed efficiency. Furthermore, up-regulation of ARC ARPC1B improved the glucose tolerance and reduced subcutaneous/epididymal fat mass accumulation, which decreased the serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride and leptin levels. In addition, upon ARPC1B overexpression in the hypothalamic ARC, intraperitoneal injection of leptin increased the phosphorylation level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), an important transcription factor for leptin's action, in the ARC of obese mice. Accordingly, we suggest that up-regulation of ARPC1B in the hypothalamic ARC may improve the HFD-induced hypothalamic inflammation and leptin resistance. Our findings demonstrate that ARPC1B is a promising target for the treatment of diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Long Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Graduate School of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yan Fang
- Teaching and Research Section of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
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3
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Romero-Juárez PA, Visco DB, Manhães-de-Castro R, Urquiza-Martínez MV, Saavedra LM, González-Vargas MC, Mercado-Camargo R, Aquino JDS, Toscano AE, Torner L, Guzmán-Quevedo O. Dietary flavonoid kaempferol reduces obesity-associated hypothalamic microglia activation and promotes body weight loss in mice with obesity. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:25-39. [PMID: 34905445 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.2012629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity results from an unbalance in the ingested and burned calories. Energy balance (EB) is critically regulated by the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) by promoting appetite or anorectic actions. Hypothalamic inflammation, driven by high activation of the microglia, has been reported as a key mechanism involved in the development of diet-induced obesity. Kaempferol (KF), a flavonoid-type polyphenol present in a large number of fruits and vegetables, was shown to regulate both energy metabolism and inflammation. OBJECTIVES In this work, we studied the effects of both the central and peripheral treatment with KF on hypothalamic inflammation and EB regulation in mice with obesity. METHODS Obese adult mice were chronically (40 days) treated with KF (0.5 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally). During the treatment, body weight, food intake (FI), feed efficiency (FE), glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were determined. Analysis of microglia activation in the ARC of the hypothalamus at the end of the treatment was also performed. Body weight, FI, and FE changes were also evaluated in response to 5µg KF, centrally administrated. RESULTS Chronic administration of KF decreased ∼43% of the density, and ∼30% of the ratio, of activated microglia in the arcuate nucleus. These changes were accompanied by body weight loss, decreased FE, reduced fasting blood glucose, and a tendency to improve insulin sensitivity. Finally, acute central administration of KF reproduced the effects on EB triggered by peripheral administration. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that KF might fight obesity by regulating central processes related to EB regulation and hypothalamic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Romero-Juárez
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tacámbaro, Michoacán, México.,Facultad de Químico-Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, México
| | - Diego Bulcão Visco
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tacámbaro, Michoacán, México.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, México.,Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.,Unidade de Estudos em Nutrição e Plasticidade Fenotípica do Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Raul Manhães-de-Castro
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.,Unidade de Estudos em Nutrição e Plasticidade Fenotípica do Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Mercedes V Urquiza-Martínez
- Facultad de Químico-Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, México
| | - Luis Miguel Saavedra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, México
| | - Mari C González-Vargas
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tacámbaro, Michoacán, México.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, México
| | - Rosalio Mercado-Camargo
- Facultad de Químico-Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México
| | - Jailane de Souza Aquino
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ana E Toscano
- Unidade de Estudos em Nutrição e Plasticidade Fenotípica do Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Departmento de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.,Pós-Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
| | - Luz Torner
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, México
| | - Omar Guzmán-Quevedo
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tacámbaro, Michoacán, México.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, México.,Pós-Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
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Chen X, Huang L, Cui L, Xiao Z, Xiong X, Chen C. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ameliorates high fat diet-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis disorders. J Physiol 2022; 600:4549-4568. [PMID: 36048516 PMCID: PMC9826067 DOI: 10.1113/jp283259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption is known to be associated with ovulatory disorders among women of reproductive age. Previous studies in animal models suggest that HFD-induced microglia activation contributes to hypothalamic inflammation. This causes the dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, leading to subfertility. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a novel class of lipid-soluble antidiabetic drugs that target primarily the early proximal tubules in kidney. Recent evidence revealed an additional expression site of SGLT2 in the central nervous system (CNS), indicating a promising role of SGLT2 inhibitors in the CNS. In type 2 diabetes patients and rodent models, SGLT2 inhibitors exhibit neuroprotective properties through reduction of oxidative stress, alleviation of cerebral atherosclerosis and suppression of microglia-induced neuroinflammation. Furthermore, clinical observations in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors ameliorated patient anthropometric parameters, body composition and insulin resistance. Therefore, it is of importance to explore the central mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors in the recovery of reproductive function in patients with PCOS and obesity. Here, we review the hypothalamic inflammatory mechanisms of HFD-induced microglial activation, with a focus on the clinical utility and possible mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors in promoting reproductive fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Chen
- Department of EndocrinologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ling Cui
- Department of Reproduction and InfertilityChengdu Women's and Children's Central HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Zhuoni Xiao
- Reproductive Medical CenterRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of NeurosurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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5
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Marques CG, Dos Santos Quaresma MVL, Nakamoto FP, Magalhães ACO, Lucin GA, Thomatieli-Santos RV. Does Modern Lifestyle Favor Neuroimmunometabolic Changes? A Path to Obesity. Front Nutr 2021; 8:705545. [PMID: 34621773 PMCID: PMC8490681 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.705545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors linked to modern lifestyles, such as physical inactivity, Western diet, and poor sleep quality have been identified as key contributors to the positive energy balance (PEB). PEB rises adipose tissue hypertrophy and dysfunction over the years, affecting cells and tissues that are metabolically critical for energy homeostasis regulation, especially skeletal muscle, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and gut microbiota. It is known that the interaction among lifestyle factors and tissue metabolic dysfunction increases low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, leading to insulin resistance and other adverse metabolic disorders. Although immunometabolic mechanisms are widely discussed in obesity, neuroimmunoendocrine pathways have gained notoriety, as a link to neuroinflammation and central nervous system disorders. Hypothalamic inflammation has been associated with food intake dysregulation, which comprises homeostatic and non-homeostatic mechanisms, promoting eating behavior changes related to the obesity prevalence. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated and integrated perspective on the effects of Western diet, sleep debt, and physical exercise on the regulation of energy homeostasis and low-grade chronic systemic inflammation. Subsequently, we discuss the intersection between systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation and how it can contribute to energy imbalance, favoring obesity. Finally, we propose a model of interactions between systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, providing new insights into preventive and therapeutic targets for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Guazzelli Marques
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Carolina Oumatu Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Nutrição, Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli-Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
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6
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Valsamakis G, Arapaki A, Balafoutas D, Charmandari E, Vlahos NF. Diet-Induced Hypothalamic Inflammation, Phoenixin, and Subsequent Precocious Puberty. Nutrients 2021; 13:3460. [PMID: 34684462 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown a rise in precocious puberty, especially in girls. At the same time, childhood obesity due to overnutrition and energy imbalance is rising too. Nutrition and fertility are currently facing major challenges in our societies, and are interconnected. Studies have shown that high-fat and/or high-glycaemic-index diet can cause hypothalamic inflammation and microglial activation. Molecular and animal studies reveal that microglial activation seems to produce and activate prostaglandins, neurotrophic factors activating GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone expressing neurons), thus initiating precocious puberty. GnRH neurons’ mechanisms of excitability are not well understood. In this review, we study the phenomenon of the rise of precocious puberty, we examine the physiology of GnRH neurons, and we review the recent literature regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms that connect diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation and diet-induced phoenixin regulation with precocious puberty.
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7
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Dong GZ, Yang HJ, Jiao YW, Zhang QY, Ma Y, Zhu SM, Zhang LH, Zhang M, Yao T, Cao Y, Tang LM. Using quantitative imaging to determine the correlation between hypothalamic inflammation and anxiety and depression in young patients with obesity. Ann Palliat Med 2021; 10:8043-8050. [PMID: 34353089 DOI: 10.21037/apm-21-1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the incidence of anxiety and depressive disorders in young adults with obesity and the correlation between the severity of these disorders and hypothalamic inflammation. METHODS The severity of anxiety and depressive disorders was assessed using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), respectively. Hypothalamic inflammation was evaluated by measuring the hypothalamus/amygdala (H/A) signal intensity (SI) ratio in T2-weighted phase quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS The incidence of depressive disorders in young (18-45 years) patients with obesity (n=66) was higher than that in the control group (n=44); anxiety disorder incidence did not differ significantly between groups. The bilateral H/A SI ratio in the obesity group was significantly higher than that in the control group. In the obesity group, there was no significant correlation between bilateral H/A SI ratio and body mass index (BMI) (right: r=-0.145, P=0.721; left: r=0.102, P=0.415) or SAS scores (right: r=-0.118, P=0.444; left: r=-0.295, P=0.052); SDS scores were significantly correlated with left H/A SI ratio (r=-0.353, P=0.019), but not right H/A SI ratio (r=-0.031, P=0.843). CONCLUSIONS Patients with obesity had a higher incidence of depressive disorders. Left hypothalamus inflammation may be one of the links between obesity and depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Zhong Dong
- Department of Neurology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hao-Jun Yang
- Department of Neurology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yu-Wen Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Neurology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Shu-Min Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Li-Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Tian Yao
- Department of Neurology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Neurology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Li-Ming Tang
- Department of Neurology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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8
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Santos LS, Cordeiro GS, Matos RJB, Perez GS, Silva RT, Boaventura GT, Barreto-Medeiros JM. High-fat diet promotes hypothalamic inflammation in animal models: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:392-399. [PMID: 34010412 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypothalamic inflammation and dysfunction may be induced by high-fat diets. However, the mechanisms involved in this process have not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE To evidence, in animal models, of how a high-fat diet influence the mechanisms involved in hypothalamic inflammation. DATA SOURCES Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Embase databases were searched. DATA EXTRACTION The exclusion criteria were human studies, studies with medicinal products or other substances not related to food, paper reviews, studies that used a surgical intervention or an intervention with food to reverse hypothalamic inflammation, and studies with genetically modified animals. The identified studies were evaluated according to the following inclusion criteria: animal studies, studies in which a control group was included in the experimental design, and studies in which markers of inflammation in the hypothalamus were evaluated. DATA ANALYSIS A total of 322 studies were found, of which 9 met the inclusion criteria for a systematic review, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and were included in this review. CONCLUSION The exposure of rodents to high-fat diets promoted an increase in levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and other proteins involved in the inflammatory process in the hypothalamus. This process was associated with increased glial cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucimeire S Santos
- L.S. Santos, G.S. Cordeiro, G.S. Perez, R.T. Silva, and J.M. Barreto-Medeiros are of the Graduate Program of Foods, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. R.J.B. Matos is of the Department of Physical Education and Science of Sport, Academic Center of Vitoria de Santo Antão, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. G.T. Boaventura is of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriele S Cordeiro
- L.S. Santos, G.S. Cordeiro, G.S. Perez, R.T. Silva, and J.M. Barreto-Medeiros are of the Graduate Program of Foods, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. R.J.B. Matos is of the Department of Physical Education and Science of Sport, Academic Center of Vitoria de Santo Antão, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. G.T. Boaventura is of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rhowena J B Matos
- L.S. Santos, G.S. Cordeiro, G.S. Perez, R.T. Silva, and J.M. Barreto-Medeiros are of the Graduate Program of Foods, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. R.J.B. Matos is of the Department of Physical Education and Science of Sport, Academic Center of Vitoria de Santo Antão, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. G.T. Boaventura is of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela S Perez
- L.S. Santos, G.S. Cordeiro, G.S. Perez, R.T. Silva, and J.M. Barreto-Medeiros are of the Graduate Program of Foods, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. R.J.B. Matos is of the Department of Physical Education and Science of Sport, Academic Center of Vitoria de Santo Antão, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. G.T. Boaventura is of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael T Silva
- L.S. Santos, G.S. Cordeiro, G.S. Perez, R.T. Silva, and J.M. Barreto-Medeiros are of the Graduate Program of Foods, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. R.J.B. Matos is of the Department of Physical Education and Science of Sport, Academic Center of Vitoria de Santo Antão, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. G.T. Boaventura is of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilson T Boaventura
- L.S. Santos, G.S. Cordeiro, G.S. Perez, R.T. Silva, and J.M. Barreto-Medeiros are of the Graduate Program of Foods, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. R.J.B. Matos is of the Department of Physical Education and Science of Sport, Academic Center of Vitoria de Santo Antão, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. G.T. Boaventura is of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jairza M Barreto-Medeiros
- L.S. Santos, G.S. Cordeiro, G.S. Perez, R.T. Silva, and J.M. Barreto-Medeiros are of the Graduate Program of Foods, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. R.J.B. Matos is of the Department of Physical Education and Science of Sport, Academic Center of Vitoria de Santo Antão, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. G.T. Boaventura is of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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9
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Heiss CN, Mannerås-Holm L, Lee YS, Serrano-Lobo J, Håkansson Gladh A, Seeley RJ, Drucker DJ, Bäckhed F, Olofsson LE. The gut microbiota regulates hypothalamic inflammation and leptin sensitivity in Western diet-fed mice via a GLP-1R-dependent mechanism. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109163. [PMID: 34038733 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking a microbiota are protected from diet-induced obesity. Previous studies have shown that feeding a Western diet causes hypothalamic inflammation, which in turn can lead to leptin resistance and weight gain. Here, we show that wild-type (WT) mice with depleted gut microbiota, i.e., germ-free (GF) and antibiotic-treated mice, have elevated levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), are protected against diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation, and have enhanced leptin sensitivity when fed a Western diet. Using GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R)-deficient mice and pharmacological inhibition of the GLP-1R in WT mice, we demonstrate that intact GLP-1R signaling is required for preventing hypothalamic inflammation and enhancing leptin sensitivity. Furthermore, we show that astrocytes express the GLP-1R, and deletion of the receptor in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing cells diminished the antibiotic-induced protection against diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation. Collectively, our results suggest that depletion of the gut microbiota attenuates diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation and enhances leptin sensitivity via GLP-1R-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Heiss
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Mannerås-Holm
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ying Shiuan Lee
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julia Serrano-Lobo
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Håkansson Gladh
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise E Olofsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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10
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Barlampa D, Bompoula MS, Bargiota A, Kalantaridou S, Mastorakos G, Valsamakis G. Hypothalamic Inflammation as a Potential Pathophysiologic Basis for the Heterogeneity of Clinical, Hormonal, and Metabolic Presentation in PCOS. Nutrients 2021; 13:520. [PMID: 33562540 PMCID: PMC7915850 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. It is a heterogeneous condition characterized by reproductive, endocrine, metabolic, and psychiatric abnormalities. More than one pathogenic mechanism is involved in its development. On the other hand, the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in many important functions of the body, including weight balance, food intake, and reproduction. A high-fat diet with a large amount of long-chain saturated fatty acids can induce inflammation in the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic neurons can sense extracellular glucose concentrations and participate, with a feedback mechanism, in the regulation of whole-body glucose homeostasis. When consumed nutrients are rich in fat and sugar, and these regulatory mechanisms can trigger inflammatory pathways resulting in hypothalamic inflammation. The latter has been correlated with metabolic diseases, obesity, and depression. In this review, we explore whether the pattern and the expansion of hypothalamic inflammation, as a result of a high-fat and -sugar diet, may contribute to the heterogeneity of the clinical, hormonal, and metabolic presentation in PCOS via pathophysiologic mechanisms affecting specific areas of the hypothalamus. These mechanisms could be potential targets for the development of effective therapies for the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Barlampa
- Unit of Endocrinology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School of Athens, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, Athens, Vasilisis Sofia Avenue 76, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (D.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Maria Sotiria Bompoula
- Reproductive Endocrinology Unit, 3nd University Department of Obs & Gynae, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School of Athens, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.S.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Alexandra Bargiota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Larissa, Medical School of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Sophia Kalantaridou
- Reproductive Endocrinology Unit, 3nd University Department of Obs & Gynae, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School of Athens, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.S.B.); (S.K.)
| | - George Mastorakos
- Unit of Endocrinology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School of Athens, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, Athens, Vasilisis Sofia Avenue 76, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (D.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Georgios Valsamakis
- Unit of Endocrinology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School of Athens, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, Athens, Vasilisis Sofia Avenue 76, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (D.B.); (G.V.)
- Reproductive Endocrinology Unit, 3nd University Department of Obs & Gynae, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School of Athens, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.S.B.); (S.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Larissa, Medical School of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larissa, Greece;
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11
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Dionysopoulou S, Charmandari E, Bargiota A, Vlahos NF, Mastorakos G, Valsamakis G. The Role of Hypothalamic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obesity and Its Association with Cognitive and Mood Disorders. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020498. [PMID: 33546219 PMCID: PMC7913301 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with cognitive and mood disorders. Recent evidence suggests that obesity may cause hypothalamic inflammation. Our aim was to investigate the hypothesis that there is a causal link between obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation and cognitive and mood disorders. Inflammation may influence hypothalamic inter-connections with regions important for cognition and mood, while it may cause dysregulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and influence monoaminergic systems. Exercise, healthy diet, and glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists, which can reduce hypothalamic inflammation in obese models, could improve the deleterious effects on cognition and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Dionysopoulou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Hippocratio General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Bargiota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Larisa, Medical School of Larisa, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larisa, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos F Vlahos
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Areteion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - George Mastorakos
- Endocrine Unit, Areteion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgios Valsamakis
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Larisa, Medical School of Larisa, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larisa, Greece;
- Endocrine Unit, Areteion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-694-889-3274
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12
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Abstract
Diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation, which leads to hypothalamic dysfunction and a loss of regulation of energy balance, is emerging as a potential driver of obesity. Excessive intake of long-chain saturated fatty acids is held to be the causative dietary component in hypothalamic inflammation. This review summarizes current evidence on the role of long-chain saturated fatty acids in promoting hypothalamic inflammation and the related induction of central insulin and leptin insensitivity. Particularly, the present review focuses on the molecular mechanisms linking long-chain saturated fatty acids and hypothalamic inflammation, emphasizing the metabolic fate of fatty acids and the resulting lipotoxicity, which is a key driver of hypothalamic dysfunction. In conclusion, long-chain saturated fatty acids are key nutrients that promote hypothalamic inflammation and dysfunction by fostering the build-up of lipotoxic lipid species, such as ceramide. Furthermore, when long-chain saturated fatty acids are consumed in combination with high levels of refined carbohydrates, the proinflammatory effects are exacerbated via a mechanism that relies on the formation of advanced glycation end products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sergi
- Nutrition and Health Substantiation Group, Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lynda M Williams
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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13
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Wang X, Yang J, Lu T, Zhan Z, Wei W, Lyu X, Jiang Y, Xue X. The effect of swimming exercise and diet on the hypothalamic inflammation of ApoE-/- mice based on SIRT1-NF-κB-GnRH expression. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11085-11099. [PMID: 32518216 PMCID: PMC7346084 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
A high-fat diet and sedentary lifestyle could accelerate aging and hypothalamic inflammation. In order to explore the regulatory mechanisms of lifestyle in the hypothalamus, swimming exercise and diet control were applied in the high-fat diet ApoE-/- mice in our study. 20-week-old ApoE-/- mice fed with 12-week high-fat diet were treated by high-fat diet, diet control and swimming exercise. The results showed that hypothalamic inflammation, glial cells activation and cognition decline were induced by high-fat diet. Compared with the diet control, hypothalamic inflammation, glial cells activation and learning and memory impairment were effectively alleviated by swimming exercise plus diet control, which was related to the increasing expression of SIRT1, inhibiting the expression of NF-κB and raising secretion of GnRH in the hypothalamus. These findings supported the hypothesis that hypothalamic inflammation was susceptible to exercise and diet, which was strongly associated with SIRT1-NF-κB-GnRH expression in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xialei Wang
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350112, China
| | - Jingda Yang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350112, China
| | - Taotao Lu
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350112, China
| | - Zengtu Zhan
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Wei Wei
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Xinru Lyu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350112, China
| | - Yijing Jiang
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Xiehua Xue
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, China
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14
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Sadagurski M, Debarba LK, Werneck-de-Castro JP, Ali Awada A, Baker TA, Bernal-Mizrachi E. Sexual dimorphism in hypothalamic inflammation in the offspring of dams exposed to a diet rich in high fat and branched-chain amino acids. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E526-E534. [PMID: 31361548 PMCID: PMC6766606 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00183.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acid (BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, and valine) contribute to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance in the context of consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) in humans and rodents. Maternal diet is a major determinant of offspring health, and there is strong evidence that maternal HFD alters hypothalamic developmental programming and disrupts offspring energy homeostasis in rodents. In this study, we exposed pregnant and lactating C57BL/6JB female mice to either HFD, HFD with supplemented BCAA (HFD+BCAA), or standard diet (SC), and we studied offspring metabolic phenotypes. Both maternal HFD and HFD supplemented with BCAA had similar effect rendering the offspring metabolic imbalance and impairing their ability to cope with HFD when challenged during aging. The metabolic effects of HFD challenge were more profound in females, worsening female offspring ability to cope with an HFD challenge by activating hypothalamic inflammation in aging. Moreover, the sex differences in hypothalamic estrogen receptor α (ER-α) expression levels were lost in female offspring upon HFD challenge, supporting a link between ER-α levels and hypothalamic inflammation in offspring and highlighting the programming potential of hypothalamic inflammatory responses and maternal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Sadagurski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Lucas Kniess Debarba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Joao Pedro Werneck-de-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Abear Ali Awada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Tess A Baker
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Miami Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Miami, Florida
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15
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Maldonado-Ruiz R, Cárdenas-Tueme M, Montalvo-Martínez L, Vidaltamayo R, Garza-Ocañas L, Reséndez-Perez D, Camacho A. Priming of Hypothalamic Ghrelin Signaling and Microglia Activation Exacerbate Feeding in Rats' Offspring Following Maternal Overnutrition. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1241. [PMID: 31159189 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition during pregnancy leads to metabolic alterations, including obesity, hyperphagia, and inflammation in the offspring. Nutritional priming of central inflammation and its role in ghrelin sensitivity during fed and fasted states have not been analyzed. The current study aims to identify the effect of maternal programming on microglia activation and ghrelin-induced activation of hypothalamic neurons leading to food intake response. We employed a nutritional programming model exposing female Wistar rats to a cafeteria diet (CAF) from pre-pregnancy to weaning. Food intake in male offspring was determined daily after fasting and subcutaneous injection of ghrelin. Hypothalamic ghrelin sensitivity and microglia activation was evaluated using immunodetection for Iba-1 and c-Fos markers, and Western blot for TBK1 signaling. Release of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1β after stimulation with palmitic, oleic, linoleic acid, or C6 ceramide in primary microglia culture were quantified using ELISA. We found that programmed offspring by CAF diet exhibits overfeeding after fasting and peripheral ghrelin administration, which correlates with an increase in the hypothalamic Iba-1 microglia marker and c-Fos cell activation. Additionally, in contrast to oleic, linoleic, or C6 ceramide stimulation in primary microglia culture, stimulation with palmitic acid for 24 h promotes TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1β release and TBK1 activation. Notably, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) palmitic acid or LPS inoculation for five days promotes daily increase in food intake and food consumption after ghrelin administration. Finally, we found that i.c.v. palmitic acid substantially activates hypothalamic Iba-1 microglia marker and c-Fos. Together, our results suggest that maternal nutritional programing primes ghrelin sensitivity and microglia activation, which potentially might mirror hypothalamic administration of the saturated palmitic acid.
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16
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Chowen JA, Frago LM, Fernández-Alfonso MS. Physiological and pathophysiological roles of hypothalamic astrocytes in metabolism. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12671. [PMID: 30561077 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of glial cells, including astrocytes, in metabolic control has received increasing attention in recent years. Although the original interest in these macroglial cells was a result of astrogliosis being observed in the hypothalamus of diet-induced obese subjects, studies have also focused on how they participate in the physiological control of appetite and energy expenditure. Astrocytes express receptors for numerous hormones, growth factors and neuropeptides. Some functions of astrocytes include transport of nutrients and hormones from the circulation to the brain, storage of glycogen, participation in glucose sensing, synaptic plasticity, uptake and metabolism of neurotransmitters, release of substances to modify neurotransmission, and cytokine production, amongst others. In the hypothalamus, these physiological glial functions impact on neuronal circuits that control systemic metabolism to modify their outputs. The initial response of astrocytes to poor dietary habits and obesity involves activation of neuroprotective mechanisms but, with chronic exposure to these situations, hypothalamic astrocytes participate in the development of some of the damaging secondary effects. The present review discusses not only some of the physiological functions of hypothalamic astrocytes in metabolism, but also their role in the secondary complications of obesity, such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular affectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M Frago
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Soledad Fernández-Alfonso
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar UCM y Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Cady G, Sadagurski M. Targeting neuroinflammation - a potential for anti-aging interventions. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 9:1951-1952. [PMID: 28952452 PMCID: PMC5636665 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Cady
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Marianna Sadagurski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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18
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Sun Q, Zhang G, Chen R, Li R, Wang H, Jiang A, Li Z, Kong L, Fonken LK, Rajagopalan S, Sun Q, Liu C. Central IKK2 Inhibition Ameliorates Air Pollution-Mediated Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Dysfunction in Mice With Type II Diabetes. Toxicol Sci 2018; 164:240-249. [PMID: 29635361 PMCID: PMC6016715 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies supported a role of hypothalamic inflammation in fine ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure-mediated diabetes development. We therefore investigated the effects of PM2.5 exposure on insulin resistance and the disorders of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism via hypothalamic inflammation. KKAy mice, a genetically susceptible model of type II diabetes mellitus, were administered intra-cerebroventricularly with IKK2 inhibitor (IMD-0354) and were exposed to either concentrated PM2.5 or filtered air (FA) for 4 weeks simultaneously via a versatile aerosol concentration exposure system. At the end of the exposure, fasting blood glucose and serum insulin were evaluated before epididymal adipose tissue and liver were collected, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR and Western blot were performed at euthanasia. We observed that intracerebroventricular administration of IMD-0354 attenuated insulin resistance, inhibited macrophage polarization to M1 phenotype in epididymal adipose tissue in response to PM2.5 exposure. Although the treatment did not affect hepatic inflammation or endoplasmic reticulum stress, it inhibited the expression of the enzymes for gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis in the liver. Therefore, our current finding indicates an important role of hypothalamic inflammation in PM2.5 exposure-mediated hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Peoples’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Rucheng Chen
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ran Li
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Apei Jiang
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhenwei Li
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Liya Kong
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Laura K Fonken
- Psychology and Neuroscience, Unviersity of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Qinghua Sun
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai 200135, China
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19
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Chen M, Zhou H, Xu Y, Qiu L, Hu Z, Qin X, Chen S, Zhang Y, Cao Q, Abu-Amer Y, Ying Z. From the Cover: Lung-Specific Overexpression of Constitutively Active IKK2 Induces Pulmonary and Systemic Inflammations but Not Hypothalamic Inflammation and Glucose Intolerance. Toxicol Sci 2018; 160:4-14. [PMID: 29036520 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung is constantly exposed to ambient pollutants such as ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), making it one of the most frequent locations of inflammation in the body. Given the establishment of crucial role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases, pulmonary inflammation is thus widely believed to be an important risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. However, the causality between them has not yet been well established. To determine if pulmonary inflammation is sufficient to cause adverse cardiometabolic effects, SFTPC-rtTA+/-tetO-cre+/-pROSA-inhibitor κB kinase 2(IKK2)ca+/- (LungIKK2ca) and littermate SFTPC-rtTA+/-tetO-cre-/-pROSA-IKK2ca+/- wildtype (WT) mice were fed with doxycycline diet to induce constitutively active Ikk2 (Ikk2ca) overexpression in the lung and their pulmonary, systemic, adipose, and hypothalamic inflammations, vascular function, and glucose homeostasis were assessed. Feeding with doxycycline diet resulted in IKK2ca overexpression in the lungs of LungIKK2ca but not WT mice. This induction of IKK2ca was accompanied by marked pulmonary inflammation as evidenced by significant increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid leukocytes, pulmonary macrophage infiltration, and pulmonary mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α (Tnfα) and interleukin-6 (Il-6). This pulmonary inflammation due to lung-specific overexpression of IKK2ca was sufficient to increase circulating TNFα and IL-6 levels, adipose expression of Tnfα and Il-6 mRNA, aortic endothelial dysfunction, and systemic insulin resistance. Unexpectedly, no significant alteration in hypothalamic expression of Tnfα and Il-6 mRNA and glucose intolerance were observed in these mice. Pulmonary inflammation is sufficient to induce systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and insulin resistance, but not hypothalamic inflammation and glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Chen
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.,Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.,Department of Pathology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lianglin Qiu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ziying Hu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.,Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Xiaobo Qin
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Sufang Chen
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Orthopedics and Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri63110
| | - Zhekang Ying
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.,Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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20
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Jiang P, Ma D, Wang X, Wang Y, Bi Y, Yang J, Wang X, Li X. Astragaloside IV Prevents Obesity-Associated Hypertension by Improving Pro-Inflammatory Reaction and Leptin Resistance. Mol Cells 2018; 41:244-255. [PMID: 29562733 PMCID: PMC5881098 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade pro-inflammatory state and leptin resistance are important underlying mechanisms that contribute to obesity-associated hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that Astragaloside IV (As IV), known to counteract obesity and hypertension, could prevent obesity-associated hypertension by inhibiting pro-inflammatory reaction and leptin resistance. High-fat diet (HFD) induced obese rats were randomly assigned to three groups: the HFD control group (HF con group), As IV group, and the As IV + α-bungaratoxin (α-BGT) group (As IV+α-BGT group). As IV (20 mg·Kg-1·d-1) was administrated to rats for 6 weeks via daily oral gavage. Body weight and blood pressure were continuously measured, and NE levels in the plasma and renal cortex was evaluated to reflect the sympathetic activity. The expressions of leptin receptor (LepRb) mRNA, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (p-STAT3), phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) mRNA, and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) mRNA, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA and neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA were measured by Western blot or qRT-PCR to evaluate the hypothalamic leptin sensitivity. Additionally, we measured the protein or mRNA levels of α7nAChR, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase subunit β/ nuclear factor κB (IKKβ/NF-KB) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) in hypothalamus and adipose tissue to reflect the anti-inflammatory effects of As IV through upregulating expression of α7nAChR. We found that As IV prevented body weight gain and adipose accumulation, and also improved metabolic disorders in HFD rats. Furthermore, As IV decreased BP and HR, as well as NE levels in blood and renal tissue. In the hypothalamus, As IV alleviated leptin resistance as evidenced by the increased p-STAT3, LepRb mRNA and POMC mRNA, and decreased p-PI3K, SOCS3 mRNA, and PTP1B mRNA. The effects of As IV on leptin sensitivity were related in part to the up-regulated α7nAchR and suppressed IKKβ/NF-KB signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hypothalamus and adipose tissue, since co-administration of α7nAChR selective antagonist α-BGT could weaken the improved effect of As IV on central leptin resistance. Our study suggested that As IV could efficiently prevent obesity-associated hypertension through inhibiting inflammatory reaction and improving leptin resistance; furthermore, these effects of As IV was partly related to the increased α7nAchR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong,
R.P, China
| | - Dufang Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong,
R.P, China
| | - Xue Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medica Sciences, Beijing,
R.P, China
| | - Yongcheng Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong,
R.P, China
| | - Yuxin Bi
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong,
R.P, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong,
P.R, China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong,
R.P, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong,
P.R, China
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21
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Quarta C, Clemmensen C, Zhu Z, Yang B, Joseph SS, Lutter D, Yi CX, Graf E, García-Cáceres C, Legutko B, Fischer K, Brommage R, Zizzari P, Franklin BS, Krueger M, Koch M, Vettorazzi S, Li P, Hofmann SM, Bakhti M, Bastidas-Ponce A, Lickert H, Strom TM, Gailus-Durner V, Bechmann I, Perez-Tilve D, Tuckermann J, Hrabě de Angelis M, Sandoval D, Cota D, Latz E, Seeley RJ, Müller TD, DiMarchi RD, Finan B, Tschöp MH. Molecular Integration of Incretin and Glucocorticoid Action Reverses Immunometabolic Dysfunction and Obesity. Cell Metab 2017; 26:620-632.e6. [PMID: 28943448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of diet-induced obesity. However, scarce therapeutic options are available to treat obesity and the associated immunometabolic complications. Glucocorticoids are routinely employed for the management of inflammatory diseases, but their pleiotropic nature leads to detrimental metabolic side effects. We developed a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-dexamethasone co-agonist in which GLP-1 selectively delivers dexamethasone to GLP-1 receptor-expressing cells. GLP-1-dexamethasone lowers body weight up to 25% in obese mice by targeting the hypothalamic control of feeding and by increasing energy expenditure. This strategy reverses hypothalamic and systemic inflammation while improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The selective preference for GLP-1 receptor bypasses deleterious effects of dexamethasone on glucose handling, bone integrity, and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Thus, GLP-1-directed glucocorticoid pharmacology represents a safe and efficacious therapy option for diet-induced immunometabolic derangements and the resulting obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Quarta
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zhimeng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Sini S Joseph
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Lutter
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Graf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cristina García-Cáceres
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Beata Legutko
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Fischer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert Brommage
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Zizzari
- INSERM, Neurocenter Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, Neurocenter Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Bernardo S Franklin
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Krueger
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marco Koch
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Vettorazzi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Pengyun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der LMU, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diego Perez-Tilve
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Darleen Sandoval
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA
| | - Daniela Cota
- INSERM, Neurocenter Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, Neurocenter Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Brian Finan
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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22
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Rorato R, Borges BC, Uchoa ET, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Elias CF, Elias LLK. LPS-Induced Low-Grade Inflammation Increases Hypothalamic JNK Expression and Causes Central Insulin Resistance Irrespective of Body Weight Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1431. [PMID: 28677618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic endotoxemia contributes to low-grade inflammation in obesity, which causes insulin resistance due to the activation of intracellular proinflammatory pathways, such as the c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) cascade in the hypothalamus and other tissues. However, it remains unclear whether the proinflammatory process precedes insulin resistance or it appears because of the development of obesity. Hypothalamic low-grade inflammation was induced by prolonged lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure to investigate if central insulin resistance is induced by an inflammatory stimulus regardless of obesity. Male Wistar rats were treated with single (1 LPS) or repeated injections (6 LPS) of LPS (100 μg/kg, IP) to evaluate the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1), Protein kinase B (AKT), and JNK in the hypothalamus. Single LPS increased the expression of pIRS1, pAKT, and pJNK, whereas the repeated LPS treatment failed to recruit pIRS1 and pAKT. The 6 LPS treated rats showed increased total JNK and pJNK. The 6 LPS rats became unresponsive to the hypophagic effect induced by central insulin administration (12 μM/5 μL, ICV). Prolonged exposure to LPS (24 h) impaired the insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation and the translocation of the transcription factor forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of the cultured hypothalamic GT1-7 cells. Central administration of the JNK inhibitor (20 μM/5 μL, ICV) restored the ability of insulin to phosphorylate IRS1 and AKT in 6 LPS rats. The present data suggest that an increased JNK activity in the hypothalamus underlies the development of insulin resistance during prolonged exposure to endotoxins. Our study reveals that weight gain is not mandatory for the development of hypothalamic insulin resistance and the blockade of proinflammatory pathways could be useful for restoring the insulin signaling during prolonged low-grade inflammation as seen in obesity.
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23
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Abstract
The search for new strategies and drugs to abate the current obesity epidemic has led to the intensification of research aimed at understanding the neuroendocrine control of appetite and energy expenditure. This intensified investigation of metabolic control has also included the study of how glial cells participate in this process. Glia, the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system, perform a wide spectrum of functions and are vital for the correct functioning of neurons and neuronal circuits. Current evidence indicates that hypothalamic glia, in particular astrocytes, tanycytes and microglia, are involved in both physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of appetite and metabolic control, at least in part by regulating the signals reaching metabolic neuronal circuits. Glia transport nutrients, hormones and neurotransmitters; they secrete growth factors, hormones, cytokines and gliotransmitters and are a source of neuroprogenitor cells. These functions are regulated, as glia also respond to numerous hormones and nutrients, with the lack of specific hormonal signaling in hypothalamic astrocytes disrupting metabolic homeostasis. Here, we review some of the more recent advances in the role of glial cells in metabolic control, with a special emphasis on the differences between glial cell responses in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Argente-Arizón
- Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric EndocrinologyHospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Guerra-Cantera
- Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric EndocrinologyHospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Argente
- Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric EndocrinologyHospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric EndocrinologyHospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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