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Benítez-Burraco A, Uriagereka J, Nataf S. The genomic landscape of mammal domestication might be orchestrated by selected transcription factors regulating brain and craniofacial development. Dev Genes Evol 2023; 233:123-135. [PMID: 37552321 PMCID: PMC10746608 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-023-00709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Domestication transforms once wild animals into tamed animals that can be then exploited by humans. The process entails modifications in the body, cognition, and behavior that are essentially driven by differences in gene expression patterns. Although genetic and epigenetic mechanisms were shown to underlie such differences, less is known about the role exerted by trans-regulatory molecules, notably transcription factors (TFs) in domestication. In this paper, we conducted extensive in silico analyses aimed to clarify the TF landscape of mammal domestication. We first searched the literature, so as to establish a large list of genes selected with domestication in mammals. From this list, we selected genes experimentally demonstrated to exhibit TF functions. We also considered TFs displaying a statistically significant number of targets among the entire list of (domestication) selected genes. This workflow allowed us to identify 5 candidate TFs (SOX2, KLF4, MITF, NR3C1, NR3C2) that were further assessed in terms of biochemical and functional properties. We found that such TFs-of-interest related to mammal domestication are all significantly involved in the development of the brain and the craniofacial region, as well as the immune response and lipid metabolism. A ranking strategy, essentially based on a survey of protein-protein interactions datasets, allowed us to identify SOX2 as the main candidate TF involved in domestication-associated evolutionary changes. These findings should help to clarify the molecular mechanics of domestication and are of interest for future studies aimed to understand the behavioral and cognitive changes associated to domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Benítez-Burraco
- Department of Spanish, Linguistics, and Theory of Literature (Linguistics), Faculty of Philology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
- Área de Lingüística General, Departamento de Lengua Española, Lingüística y Teoría de la Literatura, Facultad de Filología, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Palos de la Frontera s/n., 41007-, Sevilla, España.
| | - Juan Uriagereka
- Department of Linguistics and School of Languages, Literatures & Cultures, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Serge Nataf
- Stem-cell and Brain Research Institute, 18 avenue de Doyen Lépine, F-69500, Bron, France
- University of Lyon 1, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
- Bank of Tissues and Cells, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d'Arsonval, F-69003, Lyon, France
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2
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Adisornkanj P, Chanprasit R, Eliason S, Fons JM, Intachai W, Tongsima S, Olsen B, Arold ST, Ngamphiw C, Amendt BA, Tucker AS, Kantaputra P. Genetic Variants in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 23 Are Responsible for Mesiodens Formation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:393. [PMID: 36979085 PMCID: PMC10045488 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
A mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth located in the midline of the premaxilla. To investigate the genetic cause of mesiodens, clinical and radiographic examination were performed on 23 family members of a two-generation Hmong family. Whole exome sequencing (WES) or Sanger sequencing were performed in 22 family members and two unrelated Thai patients with mesiodens. WES in the Hmong family revealed a missense mutation (c.1807G>A;p.Glu603Lys) in PTPN23 in seven affected members and six unaffected members. The mode of inheritance was autosomal dominance with incomplete penetrance (53.84%). Two additional mutations in PTPN23, c.2248C>G;p.Pro750Ala and c.3298C>T;p.Arg1100Cys were identified in two unrelated patients with mesiodens. PTPN23 is a regulator of endosomal trafficking functioning to move activated membrane receptors, such as EGFR, from the endosomal sorting complex towards the ESCRT-III complex for multivesicular body biogenesis, lysosomal degradation, and subsequent downregulation of receptor signaling. Immunohistochemical study and RNAscope on developing mouse embryos showed broad expression of PTPN23 in oral tissues, while immunofluorescence showed that EGFR was specifically concentrated in the midline epithelium. Importantly, PTPN23 mutant protein was shown to have reduced phosphatase activity. In conclusion, mesiodens were associated with genetic variants in PTPN23, suggesting that mesiodens may form due to defects in endosomal trafficking, leading to disrupted midline signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ploy Adisornkanj
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Rajit Chanprasit
- Dental Department, Wiang Kaen Hospital, Wiang Kaen, Chiang Rai 57310, Thailand
| | - Steven Eliason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Juan M. Fons
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, Floor 27 Guy’ Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Worrachet Intachai
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Bjorn Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stefan T. Arold
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Structural Biology, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, National Centre for Scientific Research, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Chumpol Ngamphiw
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Brad A. Amendt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, Floor 27 Guy’ Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Piranit Kantaputra
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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3
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Mandalos NP, Dimou A, Gavala MA, Lambraki E, Remboutsika E. Craniofacial Development Is Fine-Tuned by Sox2. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020380. [PMID: 36833308 PMCID: PMC9956624 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise control of neural crest stem cell delamination, migration and differentiation ensures proper craniofacial and head development. Sox2 shapes the ontogeny of the cranial neural crest to ensure precision of the cell flow in the developing head. Here, we review how Sox2 orchestrates signals that control these complex developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Panagiotis Mandalos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapoditrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Aikaterini Dimou
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapoditrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Center for Translational Medicine and the Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Maria Angeliki Gavala
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapoditrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathia Lambraki
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapoditrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Polytechnic School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eumorphia Remboutsika
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapoditrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Thrivus Institute for Biomedical Science and Technology, Constellations Ave, Accra GT-336-4330, Ghana
- Correspondence:
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4
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Song C, Broadie K. Dysregulation of BMP, Wnt, and Insulin Signaling in Fragile X Syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:934662. [PMID: 35880195 PMCID: PMC9307498 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.934662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila models of neurological disease contribute tremendously to research progress due to the high conservation of human disease genes, the powerful and sophisticated genetic toolkit, and the rapid generation time. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most prevalent heritable cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders, and the Drosophila FXS disease model has been critical for the genetic screening discovery of new intercellular secretion mechanisms. Here, we focus on the roles of three major signaling pathways: BMP, Wnt, and insulin-like peptides. We present Drosophila FXS model defects compared to mouse models in stem cells/embryos, the glutamatergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) synapse model, and the developing adult brain. All three of these secreted signaling pathways are strikingly altered in FXS disease models, giving new mechanistic insights into impaired cellular outcomes and neurological phenotypes. Drosophila provides a powerful genetic screening platform to expand understanding of these secretory mechanisms and to test cellular roles in both peripheral and central nervous systems. The studies demonstrate the importance of exploring broad genetic interactions and unexpected regulatory mechanisms. We discuss a number of research avenues to pursue BMP, Wnt, and insulin signaling in future FXS investigations and the development of potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhu Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kendal Broadie
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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5
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Pincha N, Marangoni P, Haque A, Klein OD. Parallels in signaling between development and regeneration in ectodermal organs. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 149:373-419. [PMID: 35606061 PMCID: PMC10049776 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ectodermal organs originate from the outermost germ layer of the developing embryo and include the skin, hair, tooth, nails, and exocrine glands. These organs develop through tightly regulated, sequential and reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk, and they eventually assume various morphologies and functions while retaining the ability to regenerate. As with many other tissues in the body, the development and morphogenesis of these organs are regulated by a set of common signaling pathways, such as Shh, Wnt, Bmp, Notch, Tgf-β, and Eda. However, subtle differences in the temporal activation, the multiple possible combinations of ligand-receptor activation, the various cofactors, as well as the underlying epigenetic modulation determine how each organ develops into its adult form. Although each organ has been studied separately in considerable detail, the mechanisms underlying the parallels and differences in signaling that regulate their development have rarely been investigated. First, we will use the tooth, the hair follicle, and the mammary gland as representative ectodermal organs to explore how the development of signaling centers and establishment of stem cell populations influence overall growth and morphogenesis. Then we will compare how some of the major signaling pathways (Shh, Wnt, Notch and Yap/Taz) differentially regulate developmental events. Finally, we will discuss how signaling regulates regenerative processes in all three.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pincha
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pauline Marangoni
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ameera Haque
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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6
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Hermans F, Hemeryck L, Lambrichts I, Bronckaers A, Vankelecom H. Intertwined Signaling Pathways Governing Tooth Development: A Give-and-Take Between Canonical Wnt and Shh. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:758203. [PMID: 34778267 PMCID: PMC8586510 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.758203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth play essential roles in life. Their development relies on reciprocal interactions between the ectoderm-derived dental epithelium and the underlying neural crest-originated mesenchyme. This odontogenic process serves as a prototype model for the development of ectodermal appendages. In the mouse, developing teeth go through distinct morphological phases that are tightly controlled by epithelial signaling centers. Crucial molecular regulators of odontogenesis include the evolutionarily conserved Wnt, BMP, FGF and sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathways. These signaling modules do not act on their own, but are closely intertwined during tooth development, thereby outlining the path to be taken by specific cell populations including the resident dental stem cells. Recently, pivotal Wnt-Shh interaction and feedback loops have been uncovered during odontogenesis, showing conservation in other developing ectodermal appendages. This review provides an integrated overview of the interplay between canonical Wnt and Shh throughout mouse tooth formation stages, extending from the initiation of dental placode to the fully formed adult tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hermans
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lara Hemeryck
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Cryptophthalmos, dental anomalies, oral vestibule defect, and a novel FREM2 mutation. J Hum Genet 2021; 67:115-118. [PMID: 34408272 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00972-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
FREM2 is a member of the FREM2-FRAS1-FREM1 protein complex which contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal coupling. We report a Thai woman with cryptophthalmos, dental anomalies, and oral vestibule defect. A compound heterozygous mutation (c.6499C>T; p.Arg2167Trp and c.641_642del; p.Glu214GlyfsTer135) in the FREM2 gene was identified. The frameshift variant p.Glu214GlyfsTer135 is de novo and novel. It is predicted to result in the loss of most of the functional domains. The p.Arg2167Trp mutation was predicted to disrupt both Ca2+ binding and conformational change. The Arg2167Trp mutant protein has been shown to cause partial loss of function, decrease its interaction with FREM1 and result in impaired function of the FRAS1-FREM2-FREM1 complex. Frem2 was shown to be expressed in the developing tooth and vestibular lamina. It is hypothesized that these mutations resulted in aberration of the FRAS1-FREM2-FREM1 protein complex, resulting in loss of nephronectin, basement membrane disruption, and abnormal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions leading to dental and oral vestibule malformations.
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8
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Miyachi Y, Nishio M, Otani J, Matsumoto S, Kikuchi A, Mak TW, Maehama T, Suzuki A. TAZ inhibits acinar cell differentiation but promotes immature ductal cell proliferation in adult mouse salivary glands. Genes Cells 2021; 26:714-726. [PMID: 34142411 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There are currently no treatments for salivary gland diseases, making it vital to understand signaling mechanisms operating in acinar and ductal cells so as to develop regenerative therapies. To date, little work has focused on elucidating the signaling cascades controlling the differentiation of these cell types in adult mammals. To analyze the function of the Hippo-TAZ/YAP1 pathway in adult mouse salivary glands, we generated adMOB1DKO mice in which both MOB1A and MOB1B were TAM-inducibly deleted when the animals were adults. Three weeks after TAM treatment, adMOB1DKO mice exhibited smaller submandibular glands (SMGs) than controls with a decreased number of acinar cells and an increased number of immature dysplastic ductal cells. The mutants suffered from reduced saliva production accompanied by mild inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis in SMGs, similar to the Sjogren's syndrome. MOB1-deficient acinar cells showed normal proliferation and apoptosis but decreased differentiation, leading to an increase in acinar/ductal bilineage progenitor cells. These changes were TAZ-dependent but YAP1-independent. Biochemically, MOB1-deficient salivary epithelial cells showed activation of the TAZ/YAP1 and β-catenin in ductal cells, but reduced SOX2 and SOX10 expression in acinar cells. Thus, Hippo-TAZ signaling is critical for proper ductal and acinar cell differentiation and function in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Miyachi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Miki Nishio
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Junji Otani
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tak Wah Mak
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Immunology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tomohiko Maehama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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9
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Kim HY, Li S, Lee DJ, Park JH, Muramatsu T, Harada H, Jung YS, Jung HS. Activation of Wnt signalling reduces the population of cancer stem cells in ameloblastoma. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13073. [PMID: 34096124 PMCID: PMC8249789 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The treatment of ameloblastoma, an odontogenic epithelial tumour destroying jawbone, mainly depends on radical destructive resections. Other therapeutic options are limited by the characteristics of ameloblastoma, such as high recurrence rates and resistance to radiation and chemotherapy, which implies possible existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in ameloblastoma. Here, we identified a putative CSC population in immortalized and primary human ameloblastoma cells and examined possible therapeutic reagents to reduce the CSC population. Methods We investigated subpopulations of AM‐1 cell line and human ameloblastoma cells using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry and the effects of Wnt signalling activators on the 2‐ and 3‐dimensional cultured ameloblastoma cells using molecular biological analyses. Result Among heterogenous ameloblastoma cells, small‐sized and round‐shaped cells were found to be proliferative and expressed a marker of dental epithelial stem cells, SRY‐box 2 (Sox2). Exogenous activation of Wnt signalling using glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitors, lithium chloride (LiCl) and valproic acid (VPA), increased the cell size and decreased proliferation of cells and expression of Sox2 in 2 dimensionally cultured AM‐1 and human primary ameloblastoma cells. Furthermore, the growth of 3 dimensionally cultured AM‐1 cells as suspended or embedded in gel was suppressed by treatment with Wnt signalling activators, VPA and CHIR99021, or antibodies to sclerostin, an antagonist of Wnt signalling. Conclusion We suggest that Wnt signalling activators are potential drug candidates to suppress CSCs in ameloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Yi Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shujin Li
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Joon Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hoo Park
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University, College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Takashi Muramatsu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Harada
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Young-Soo Jung
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University, College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Bertonnier-Brouty L, Viriot L, Joly T, Charles C. Gene expression patterns associated with dental replacement in the rabbit, a new model for the mammalian dental replacement mechanisms. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1494-1504. [PMID: 33760336 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike many vertebrates with continuous dental replacement, mammals have a maximum of two dental generations. Due to the absence of dental replacement in the laboratory mouse, the mechanisms of the mammalian tooth replacement system are poorly known. In this study, we use the European rabbit as a model for mammalian tooth development and replacement. RESULTS We provide data on some key regulators of tooth development. We detected the presence of SOX2 in both the replacement dental lamina and the rudimentary successional dental lamina of unreplaced molars, indicating that SOX2 may not be sufficient to initiate and maintain tooth replacement. We showed that Shh does not seem to be directly involved in tooth replacement. The transient presence of the rudimentary successional dental lamina in the molar allowed us to identify genes that could be essential for the initiation or the maintenance of tooth replacement. Hence, the locations of Sostdc1, RUNX2, and LEF1 vary between the deciduous premolar, the replacement premolar, and the molar, indicating possible roles in tooth replacement. CONCLUSION According to our observations, initiation and the maintenance of tooth replacement correlate with the presence of LEF1+ cells and the absence of both mesenchymal RUNX2 and epithelial Sostdc1+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Bertonnier-Brouty
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Viriot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie tissulaire et Ingénierie thérapeutique, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Joly
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup Isara, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Cyril Charles
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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11
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Functional characterization of SOX2 as an anticancer target. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:135. [PMID: 32728033 PMCID: PMC7391717 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX2 is a well-characterized pluripotent factor that is essential for stem cell self-renewal, reprogramming, and homeostasis. The cellular levels of SOX2 are precisely regulated by a complicated network at the levels of transcription, post-transcription, and post-translation. In many types of human cancer, SOX2 is dysregulated due to gene amplification and protein overexpression. SOX2 overexpression is associated with poor survival of cancer patients. Mechanistically, SOX2 promotes proliferation, survival, invasion/metastasis, cancer stemness, and drug resistance. SOX2 is, therefore, an attractive anticancer target. However, little progress has been made in the efforts to discover SOX2 inhibitors, largely due to undruggable nature of SOX2 as a transcription factor. In this review, we first briefly introduced SOX2 as a transcription factor, its domain structure, normal physiological functions, and its involvement in human cancers. We next discussed its role in embryonic development and stem cell-renewal. We then mainly focused on three aspects of SOX2: (a) the regulatory mechanisms of SOX2, including how SOX2 level is regulated, and how SOX2 cross-talks with multiple signaling pathways to control growth and survival; (b) the role of SOX2 in tumorigenesis and drug resistance; and (c) current drug discovery efforts on targeting SOX2, and the future perspectives to discover specific SOX2 inhibitors for effective cancer therapy.
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12
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Kim E, Jung S, Wu Z, Zhang S, Jung H. Sox2 maintains epithelial cell proliferation in the successional dental lamina. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12729. [PMID: 31746095 PMCID: PMC6985665 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The successional dental lamina is the distinctive structure on the lingual side of the vertebrate tooth germ. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among Sox2, Claudin10 and laminin5 and the role of Sox2 in successional dental lamina proliferation during vertebrate tooth development. MATERIALS AND METHODS To understand the successional dental lamina, two types of successional tooth formation, that in geckos (with multiple rounds of tooth generation) and that in mice (with only one round of tooth generation), were analysed. RESULTS Unique coexpression patterns of Sox2 and Claudin10 expression were compared in the successional dental lamina from the cap stage to the late bell stage in the mouse tooth germ and in juvenile gecko teeth to support continuous tooth replacement. Furthermore, Laminin5 expression was shown in the cap stage and decreased after the bell stage. Upon comparing the epithelial cell cycles and cell proliferation in successional dental lamina regions between mouse and gecko molars using BrdU and IdU staining and pulse-chase methods, distinctive patterns of continuous expression were revealed. Moreover, Sox2 overexpression with a lentiviral system resulted in hyperplastic dental epithelium in mouse molars. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the regulation of Sox2 in dental lamina proliferation is fundamental to the successional dental lamina in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun‐Jung Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental BiologyDepartment of Oral BiologyResearch Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue RegenerationBrain Korea 21 PLUS ProjectOral Science Research CenterCollege of DentistryYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Seo‐Yoon Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental BiologyDepartment of Oral BiologyResearch Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue RegenerationBrain Korea 21 PLUS ProjectOral Science Research CenterCollege of DentistryYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Zhaoming Wu
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental BiologyDepartment of Oral BiologyResearch Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue RegenerationBrain Korea 21 PLUS ProjectOral Science Research CenterCollege of DentistryYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Sushan Zhang
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental BiologyDepartment of Oral BiologyResearch Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue RegenerationBrain Korea 21 PLUS ProjectOral Science Research CenterCollege of DentistryYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Han‐Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental BiologyDepartment of Oral BiologyResearch Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue RegenerationBrain Korea 21 PLUS ProjectOral Science Research CenterCollege of DentistryYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
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13
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Popa EM, Buchtova M, Tucker AS. Revitalising the rudimentary replacement dentition in the mouse. Development 2019; 146:dev.171363. [PMID: 30658984 DOI: 10.1242/dev.171363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Most mammals have two sets of teeth (diphyodont) - a deciduous dentition replaced by a permanent dentition; however, the mouse possesses only one tooth generation (monophyodont). In diphyodonts, the replacement tooth forms on the lingual side of the first tooth from the successional dental lamina. This lamina expresses the stem/progenitor marker Sox2 and has activated Wnt/β-catenin signalling at its tip. Although the mouse does not replace its teeth, a transient rudimentary successional dental lamina (RSDL) still forms during development. The mouse RSDL houses Sox2-positive cells, but no Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Here, we show that stabilising Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the RSDL in the mouse leads to proliferation of the RSDL and formation of lingually positioned teeth. Although Sox2 has been shown to repress Wnt activity, overexpression of Wnts leads to a downregulation of Sox2, suggesting a negative-feedback loop in the tooth. In the mouse, the first tooth represses the formation of the replacement, and isolation of the RSDL is sufficient to induce formation of a new tooth germ. Our data highlight key mechanisms that may have influenced the evolution of replacement teeth.This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Popa
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marcela Buchtova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK .,Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Zheng J, Nie X, He L, Yoon A, Wu L, Zhang X, Vats M, Schiff M, Xiang L, Tian Z, Ling J, Mao J. Epithelial Cdc42 Deletion Induced Enamel Organ Defects and Cystogenesis. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1346-1354. [PMID: 29874522 PMCID: PMC6199676 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518779546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cdc42, a Rho family small GTPase, regulates cytoskeleton organization, vesicle trafficking, and other cellular processes in development and homeostasis. However, Cdc42's roles in prenatal tooth development remain elusive. Here, we investigated Cdc42 functions in mouse enamel organ. Cdc42 showed highly dynamic temporospatial patterns in the developing enamel organ, with robust expression in the outer enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum (SR), and stratum intermedium layers. Strikingly, epithelium-specific Cdc42 deletion resulted in cystic lesions in the enamel organ. Cystic lesions were first noted at embryonic day 15.5 and progressively enlarged during gestation. At birth, cystic lesions occupied the bulk of the entire enamel organ, with intracystic erythrocyte accumulation. Ameloblast differentiation was retarded upon epithelial Cdc42 deletion. Apoptosis occurred in the Cdc42 mutant enamel organ prior to and synchronously with cystogenesis. Transmission electron microscopy examination showed disrupted actin assemblies, aberrant desmosomes, and significantly fewer cell junctions in the SR cells of Cdc42 mutants than littermate controls. Autophagosomes were present in the SR cells of Cdc42 mutants relative to the virtual absence of autophagosome in the SR cells of littermate controls. Epithelium-specific Cdc42 deletion attenuated Wnt/β-catenin and Shh signaling in dental epithelium and induced aberrant Sox2 expression in the secondary enamel knot. These findings suggest that excessive cell death and disrupted cell-cell connections may be among multiple factors responsible for the observed cystic lesions in Cdc42 mutant enamel organs. Taken together, Cdc42 exerts multidimensional and pivotal roles in enamel organ development and is particularly required for cell survival and tooth morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Zheng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X. Nie
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L. He
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A.J. Yoon
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Division, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L. Wu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X. Zhang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M. Vats
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M.D. Schiff
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L. Xiang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z. Tian
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. Ling
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J.J. Mao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Emmerson E, May AJ, Berthoin L, Cruz-Pacheco N, Nathan S, Mattingly AJ, Chang JL, Ryan WR, Tward AD, Knox SM. Salivary glands regenerate after radiation injury through SOX2-mediated secretory cell replacement. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:e8051. [PMID: 29335337 PMCID: PMC5840548 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland acinar cells are routinely destroyed during radiation treatment for head and neck cancer that results in a lifetime of hyposalivation and co-morbidities. A potential regenerative strategy for replacing injured tissue is the reactivation of endogenous stem cells by targeted therapeutics. However, the identity of these cells, whether they are capable of regenerating the tissue, and the mechanisms by which they are regulated are unknown. Using in vivo and ex vivo models, in combination with genetic lineage tracing and human tissue, we discover a SOX2+ stem cell population essential to acinar cell maintenance that is capable of replenishing acini after radiation. Furthermore, we show that acinar cell replacement is nerve dependent and that addition of a muscarinic mimetic is sufficient to drive regeneration. Moreover, we show that SOX2 is diminished in irradiated human salivary gland, along with parasympathetic nerves, suggesting that tissue degeneration is due to loss of progenitors and their regulators. Thus, we establish a new paradigm that salivary glands can regenerate after genotoxic shock and do so through a SOX2 nerve-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Emmerson
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alison J May
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lionel Berthoin
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Noel Cruz-Pacheco
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sara Nathan
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron J Mattingly
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jolie L Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William R Ryan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron D Tward
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Knox
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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16
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Sagai T, Amano T, Maeno A, Kiyonari H, Seo H, Cho SW, Shiroishi T. SHH signaling directed by two oral epithelium-specific enhancers controls tooth and oral development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13004. [PMID: 29021530 PMCID: PMC5636896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12532-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction between the epithelium and mesenchyme coordinates patterning and differentiation of oral cavity structures including teeth, palatal rugae and tongue papillae. SHH is one of the key signaling molecules for this interaction. Epithelial expression of Shh in the tooth buds and tongue papillae is regulated by at least two enhancers, MRCS1 and MFCS4. However, it is unclear how the two enhancers cooperate to regulate Shh. Here, we found that simultaneous deletion of MRCS1 and MFCS4 results in the formation of a supernumerary tooth in front of the first molar. Since deletion of either single enhancer barely affects tooth development, MRCS1 and MFCS4 evidently act in a redundant fashion. Binding motifs for WNT signaling mediators are shared by MRCS1 and MFCS4, and play a central role in regulating Shh expression, indicating that the two redundant enhancers additively exert their Shh regulation by responding to WNT signal input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Sagai
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Amano
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akiteru Maeno
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hyejin Seo
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Won Cho
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Toshihiko Shiroishi
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.
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17
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Spatial signalling mediated by the transforming growth factor-β signalling pathway during tooth formation. Int J Oral Sci 2016; 8:199-204. [PMID: 27982023 PMCID: PMC5168420 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth development relies on sequential and reciprocal interactions between the epithelial and mesenchymal tissues, and it is continuously regulated by a variety of conserved and specific temporal-spatial signalling pathways. It is well known that suspensions of tooth germ cells can form tooth-like structures after losing the positional information provided by the epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. However, the particular stage in which the tooth germ cells start to form tooth-like structures after losing their positional information remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the reassociation of tooth germ cells suspension from different morphological stages during tooth development and the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in this process. Four tooth morphological stages were designed in this study. The results showed that tooth germ cells formed odontogenic tissue at embryonic day (E) 14.5, which is referred to as the cap stage, and they formed tooth-like structures at E16.5, which is referred to as the early bell stage, and E18.5, which is referred to as the late bell stage. Moreover, the transforming growth factor-β signalling pathway might play a role in this process.
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18
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Sox2+ progenitors in sharks link taste development with the evolution of regenerative teeth from denticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14769-14774. [PMID: 27930309 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612354113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth and denticles belong to a specialized class of mineralizing epithelial appendages called odontodes. Although homology of oral teeth in jawed vertebrates is well supported, the evolutionary origin of teeth and their relationship with other odontode types is less clear. We compared the cellular and molecular mechanisms directing development of teeth and skin denticles in sharks, where both odontode types are retained. We show that teeth and denticles are deeply homologous developmental modules with equivalent underlying odontode gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Notably, the expression of the epithelial progenitor and stem cell marker sex-determining region Y-related box 2 (sox2) was tooth-specific and this correlates with notable differences in odontode regenerative ability. Whereas shark teeth retain the ancestral gnathostome character of continuous successional regeneration, new denticles arise only asynchronously with growth or after wounding. Sox2+ putative stem cells associated with the shark dental lamina (DL) emerge from a field of epithelial progenitors shared with anteriormost taste buds, before establishing within slow-cycling cell niches at the (i) superficial taste/tooth junction (T/TJ), and (ii) deep successional lamina (SL) where tooth regeneration initiates. Furthermore, during regeneration, cells from the superficial T/TJ migrate into the SL and contribute to new teeth, demonstrating persistent contribution of taste-associated progenitors to tooth regeneration in vivo. This data suggests a trajectory for tooth evolution involving cooption of the odontode GRN from nonregenerating denticles by sox2+ progenitors native to the oral taste epithelium, facilitating the evolution of a novel regenerative module of odontodes in the mouth of early jawed vertebrates: the teeth.
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