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Fuyuki A, Sohel MSH, Homma T, Kitamura K, Takashima S, Onouchi S, Saito S. Selective prosaposin expression in Langerhans islets of the mouse pancreas. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102367. [PMID: 38537378 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
The islets of Langerhans are clusters of endocrine cells surrounded by exocrine acinar cells in the pancreas. Prosaposin is a housekeeping protein required for normal lysosomal function, but its expression level is significantly different among tissues. Prosaposin also exists in various body fluids including serum. Intracellularly, prosaposin activates lysosomes and may support autophagy, and extracellularly, prosaposin promotes survival of neurons via G protein-coupled receptors. In this study, prosaposin and its mRNA expression were examined in endocrine cells of the islets as well as in exocrine acinar cells in the pancreas of mice by in situ hybridization and immunostaining. High expression levels of prosaposin were found in Alpha, Beta and Delta cells in the islets, whereas prosaposin mRNA expression was faint or negative and prosaposin immunoreactivity was negative in exocrine acinar cells. The high expression levels of prosaposin in endocrine cells may indicate that prosaposin plays a crucial role in crinophagy, which is a characteristic autophagy in peptide-secreting endocrine cells, and/or that prosaposin is secreted from pancreatic islets. Since prosaposin has been reported in serum, this study suggests a new possible function of the Langerhans islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Fuyuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Md Shahriar Hasan Sohel
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takeshi Homma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kai Kitamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takashima
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Sawa Onouchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shouichiro Saito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Khan F, Khan S, Nabeka H, Mimuro H, Nishizono A, Hamada F, Matsuda S. Neurotoxic stimulation alters prosaposin levels in the salivary systems of rats. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 395:159-169. [PMID: 38082139 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Prosaposin (PSAP), a potent neurotrophic factor, is found in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues and various biological fluids. Neuropathological conditions often alter PSAP production in neural tissues. However, little is known about its alterations in non-neural tissues, particularly in the salivary glands, which are natural reservoirs of various neurotrophic factors. In this study, we explored whether neurotoxic stimulation by kainic acid (KA), a glutamate analog, altered PSAP levels in the salivary system of rats. The results revealed that KA injection did not alter total saliva production. However, KA-induced neurotoxic stimulation significantly increased the PSAP level in the secreted saliva but decreased it in the serum. In addition, KA-induced elevated immunoreactivities of PSAP and its receptors have been observed in the granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells of the submandibular gland (SMG), a major salivary secretory organ. Indeed, a large number of PSAP-expressing immunogold particles were observed in the secretory granules of the SMG. Furthermore, KA-induced overexpression of PSAP was co-localized with secretogranin in secretory acini (mostly in GCT cells) and the ductal system of the SMG, suggesting the release of excess PSAP from the salivary glands into the oral cavity. In conclusion, the salivary system produces more PSAP during neurotoxic conditions, which may play a protective role in maintaining the secretory function of the salivary glands and may work in distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Khan
- Research Center for Global and Local Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
- Department of Developmental Biology and Functional Genomics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Sakirul Khan
- Research Center for Global and Local Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Developmental Biology and Functional Genomics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Nabeka
- Department of Developmental Biology and Functional Genomics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Clinical Pharmacy, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Hitomi Mimuro
- Research Center for Global and Local Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Akira Nishizono
- Research Center for Global and Local Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hamada
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Seiji Matsuda
- Department of Developmental Biology and Functional Genomics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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Dongiovanni P, Meroni M, Aiello G, D’Amato A, Cenzato N, Casati S, Damiani G, Fenoglio C, Galimberti D, Grossi E, Prati D, Lamorte G, Bianco C, Valenti L, Soggiu A, Zapperi S, La Porta CAM, Del Fabbro M, Tartaglia GM. Salivary proteomic profile of young healthy subjects. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1327233. [PMID: 38099196 PMCID: PMC10720708 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1327233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has been rapidly ramped up worldwide. Hence, there is an urgent need to non-invasively detect NCDs possibly by exploiting saliva as a 'liquid biopsy' to identify biomarkers of the health status. Since, the absence of standardized procedures of collection/analysis and the lack of normal ranges makes the use of saliva still tricky, our purpose was to outline a salivary proteomic profile which features healthy individuals. Methods: We collected saliva samples from 19 young blood donors as reference population and the proteomic profile was investigated through mass-spectrometry. Results: We identified 1,004 proteins of whose 243 proteins were shared by all subjects. By applying a data clustering approach, we found a set of six most representative proteins across all subjects including Coronin-1A, F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha, Immunoglobulin J chain, Prosaposin, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein and Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A and 1B. Conclusion: All of these proteins are involved in immune system activation, cellular stress responses, proliferation, and invasion thus suggesting their use as biomarkers in patients with NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Dongiovanni
- Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Meroni
- Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gilda Aiello
- Department of Human Science and Quality of Life Promotion, Telematic University San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - A. D’Amato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - N. Cenzato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Casati
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G. Damiani
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C. Fenoglio
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - D. Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - E. Grossi
- Villa Santa Maria Foundation, Tavernerio, Italy
| | - D. Prati
- Biological Resource Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - G. Lamorte
- Biological Resource Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - C. Bianco
- Biological Resource Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Valenti
- Biological Resource Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Soggiu
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Zapperi
- Department of Physics, Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C. A. M. La Porta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- SC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - G. M. Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- SC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Bolinger AA, Frazier A, La JH, Allen JA, Zhou J. Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR37 as an Emerging Therapeutic Target. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3318-3334. [PMID: 37676000 PMCID: PMC11144446 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are successful druggable targets, making up around 35% of all FDA-approved medications. However, a large number of receptors remain orphaned, with no known endogenous ligand, representing a challenging but untapped area to discover new therapeutic targets. Among orphan GPCRs (oGPCRs) of interest, G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in the spinal cord and oligodendrocytes. While its cellular signaling mechanisms and endogenous receptor ligands remain elusive, GPR37 has been implicated in several important neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease (PD), inflammation, pain, autism, and brain tumors. GPR37 structure, signaling, emerging physiology, and pharmacology are reviewed while integrating a discussion on potential therapeutic indications and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Bolinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Andrew Frazier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jun-Ho La
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - John A. Allen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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Kitamura K, Homma T, Sohel MSH, Fuyuki A, Miyawaki S, Onouchi S, Saito S. Expression patterns of prosaposin and its receptors, G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 37 and GPR37L1, in the mouse olfactory organ. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102093. [PMID: 37075680 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Prosaposin is a glycoprotein conserved widely in vertebrates, because it is a precursor for saposins that are required for normal lysosomal function and thus for autophagy, and acts as a neurotrophic factor. Most tetrapods possess two kinds of olfactory neuroepithelia, namely, the olfactory epithelium (OE) and the vomeronasal epithelium (VNE). This study examined the expression patterns of prosaposin and its candidate receptors, G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 37 and GPR37L1, in mouse OE and VNE by immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization. Prosaposin immunoreactivity was observed in the olfactory receptor neurons, vomeronasal receptor neurons, Bowman's gland (BG), and Jacobson's gland (JG). Prosaposin expression was mainly observed in mature neurons. Prosaposin mRNA expression was observed not only in these cells but also in the apical region of the VNE. GPR37 and GPR37L1 immunoreactivities were found only in the BG and/or the JG. Prosaposin was suggested to secrete and facilitate the autophagic activities of the neurons and modulate the mucus secretion in mouse olfactory organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kitamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Homma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Md Shahriar Hasan Sohel
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Aimi Fuyuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shingo Miyawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Sawa Onouchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shouichiro Saito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan.
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6
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Islam F, Khan MSI, Nabeka H, Shimokawa T, Yamamiya K, Matsuda S. Age- and sex-associated changes in prosaposin and its receptors in the lacrimal glands of rats. Histol Histopathol 2019; 35:69-81. [PMID: 31215019 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Prosaposin, a saposin precursor, is a potent neurotrophic factor found in several tissues and various biological fluids. Saposin-deficient patients have different ophthalmic disorders, indicating a relationship between ocular health and prosaposin. However, there is little information about prosaposin on the ocular surface. Because ocular functions are diverse and depend on age and sex, we examined whether prosaposin and its receptors, G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) and GPR37L1, are expressed in the major ocular glands, the extra orbital lacrimal gland (ELG), and harderian gland (HG) of rats and whether sex and aging affect their expression. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that prosaposin and its receptors were expressed in the ELGs and HGs of rats, although their expression varied based on the type of gland, age, and sex. Prosaposin, GPR37, and GPR37L1 were expressed in the basolateral membranes and cytoplasm of acinar cells of the ELGs, and their immunoreactivities were higher in female rats of menopausal age than age-matched male rats. However, such age- and sex-related differences in the immunoreactivities of prosaposin, GPR37, and GPR37L1 were not observed in the HGs. Triple immunofluorescence labelling revealed that prosaposin, GPR37, and GPR37L1 were co-localised in the acinar and ductal cells in the ELGs, although the degrees of colocalization varied according to the age and sex of the rats. Together, the present results showed that prosaposin and its receptors were expressed in the major ocular glands of rats, and their immunoreactivities to the ELGs differed considerably with age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Islam
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Md Sakirul Islam Khan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Nabeka
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shimokawa
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamamiya
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Seiji Matsuda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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