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Hiraki-Kajiyama T, Miyasaka N, Ando R, Wakisaka N, Itoga H, Onami S, Yoshihara Y. An atlas and database of neuropeptide gene expression in the adult zebrafish forebrain. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25619. [PMID: 38831653 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a useful model organism in neuroscience; however, its gene expression atlas in the adult brain is not well developed. In the present study, we examined the expression of 38 neuropeptides, comparing with GABAergic and glutamatergic neuron marker genes in the adult zebrafish brain by comprehensive in situ hybridization. The results are summarized as an expression atlas in 19 coronal planes of the forebrain. Furthermore, the scanned data of all brain sections were made publicly available in the Adult Zebrafish Brain Gene Expression Database (https://ssbd.riken.jp/azebex/). Based on these data, we performed detailed comparative neuroanatomical analyses of the hypothalamus and found that several regions previously described as one nucleus in the reference zebrafish brain atlas contain two or more subregions with significantly different neuropeptide/neurotransmitter expression profiles. Subsequently, we compared the expression data in zebrafish telencephalon and hypothalamus obtained in this study with those in mice, by performing a cluster analysis. As a result, several nuclei in zebrafish and mice were clustered in close vicinity. The present expression atlas, database, and anatomical findings will contribute to future neuroscience research using zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Towako Hiraki-Kajiyama
- Laboratory for Systems Molecular Ethology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Ethology, Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Miyasaka
- Laboratory for Systems Molecular Ethology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Reiko Ando
- Support Unit for Bio-Material Analysis, Research Resources Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Noriko Wakisaka
- Laboratory for Systems Molecular Ethology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroya Itoga
- Laboratory for Developmental Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Onami
- Laboratory for Developmental Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Life Science Data Sharing Unit, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshihara
- Laboratory for Systems Molecular Ethology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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Nisbett KE, Vendruscolo LF, Koob GF. µ-Opioid receptor antagonism facilitates the anxiolytic-like effect of oxytocin in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:125. [PMID: 38413576 PMCID: PMC10899625 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Mood and anxiety disorders are leading causes of disability worldwide and are major contributors to the global burden of diseases. Neuropeptides, such as oxytocin and opioid peptides, are important for emotion regulation. Previous studies have demonstrated that oxytocin reduced depression- and anxiety-like behavior in male and female mice, and opioid receptor activation reduced depression-like behavior. However, it remains unclear whether the endogenous opioid system interacts with the oxytocin system to facilitate emotion regulation in male and female mice. We hypothesized that opioid receptor blockade would inhibit the anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of oxytocin. In this study, we systemically administered naloxone, a preferential μ-opioid receptor antagonist, and then intracerebroventricularly administered oxytocin. We then tested mice on the elevated zero maze and the tail suspension tests, respective tests of anxiety- and depression-like behavior. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, naloxone potentiated the anxiolytic-like, but not the antidepressant-like, effect of oxytocin. Using a selective μ-opioid receptor antagonist, D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2, and a selective κ-opioid receptor antagonist, norbinaltorphimine, we demonstrate that μ-opioid receptor blockade potentiated the anxiolytic-like effect of oxytocin, whereas κ-opioid receptor blockade inhibited the oxytocin-induced anxiolytic-like effects. The present results suggest that endogenous opioids can regulate the oxytocin system to modulate anxiety-like behavior. Potential clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalin E Nisbett
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate College, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Stress & Addiction Neuroscience Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Leandro F Vendruscolo
- Stress & Addiction Neuroscience Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - George F Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
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Tee LF, Young JJ, Maruyama K, Kimura S, Suzuki R, Endo Y, Kimura KD. Electric shock causes a fleeing-like persistent behavioral response in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad148. [PMID: 37595066 PMCID: PMC10550322 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral persistency reflects internal brain states, which are the foundations of multiple brain functions. However, experimental paradigms enabling genetic analyses of behavioral persistency and its associated brain functions have been limited. Here, we report novel persistent behavioral responses caused by electric stimuli in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. When the animals on bacterial food are stimulated by alternating current, their movement speed suddenly increases 2- to 3-fold, persisting for more than 1 minute even after a 5-second stimulation. Genetic analyses reveal that voltage-gated channels in the neurons are required for the response, possibly as the sensors, and neuropeptide signaling regulates the duration of the persistent response. Additional behavioral analyses implicate that the animal's response to electric shock is scalable and has a negative valence. These properties, along with persistence, have been recently regarded as essential features of emotion, suggesting that C. elegans response to electric shock may reflect a form of emotion, akin to fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fei Tee
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
| | - Jared J Young
- Mills College at Northeastern University, Oakland, CA 94613, USA
| | - Keisuke Maruyama
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
| | - Sota Kimura
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoga Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
| | - Yuto Endo
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Koutarou D Kimura
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Seiglie MP, Lepeak L, Miracle S, Cottone P, Sabino V. Stimulation of lateral parabrachial (LPB) to central amygdala (CeA) pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) neurons induces anxiety-like behavior and mechanical allodynia. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 230:173605. [PMID: 37499765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, and they are highly comorbid with chronic pain conditions. The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is known not only for its role in the regulation of anxiety but also as an important site for the negative affective dimension of pain. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), a neuropeptide whose terminals are abundant in the CeA, is strongly implicated in the stress response as well as in pain processing. Here, using Cre-dependent viral vectors, we explored in greater detail the role of the PACAP projection to the CeA that originates in the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB). METHODS We first performed a circuit mapping experiment by injecting an anterograde Cre-dependent virus expressing a fluorescent reporter in the LPB of PACAP-Cre mice and observing their projections. Then, we used a chemogenetic approach (a Cre-dependent Designer Receptors Activated by Designer Drugs, DREADDs) to assess the effects of the direct stimulation of the PACAP LPB to CeA projection on general locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior (using a defensive withdrawal test), and mechanical pain sensitivity (using the von Frey test). RESULTS We found that the CeA, together with other areas, is one of the major downstream projection targets of PACAP neurons originating in the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB). In the DREADD experiment, we then found that the selective activation of this neuronal pathway is sufficient to increase both anxiety-like behavior and mechanical pain sensitivity in mice, without affecting general locomotor activity. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our data suggest that the dysregulation of this circuit may contribute to a variety of anxiety disorders and chronic pain states, and that PACAP may represent an important therapeutic target for the treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel P Seiglie
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren Lepeak
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophia Miracle
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pietro Cottone
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valentina Sabino
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ronan PJ, Korzan WJ, Johnson PL, Lowry CA, Renner KJ, Summers CH. Prior stress and vasopressin promote corticotropin-releasing factor inhibition of serotonin release in the central nucleus of the amygdala. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1148292. [PMID: 37064300 PMCID: PMC10098171 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1148292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is essential for coordinating endocrine and neural responses to stress, frequently facilitated by vasopressin (AVP). Previous work has linked CRF hypersecretion, binding site changes, and dysfunctional serotonergic transmission with anxiety and affective disorders, including clinical depression. Crucially, CRF can alter serotonergic activity. In the dorsal raphé nucleus and serotonin (5-HT) terminal regions, CRF effects can be stimulatory or inhibitory, depending on the dose, site, and receptor type activated. Prior stress alters CRF neurotransmission and CRF-mediated behaviors. Lateral, medial, and ventral subdivisions of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) produce CRF and coordinate stress responsiveness. The purpose of these experiments was to determine the effect of intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of CRF and AVP on extracellular 5-HT as an index of 5-HT release in the CeA, using in vivo microdialysis in freely moving rats and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. We also examined the effect of prior stress (1 h restraint, 24 h prior) on CRF- and AVP-mediated release of 5-HT within the CeA. Our results show that icv CRF infusion in unstressed animals had no effect on 5-HT release in the CeA. Conversely, in rats with prior stress, CRF caused a profound dose-dependent decrease in 5-HT release within the CeA. This effect was long-lasting (240 min) and was mimicked by CRF plus AVP infusion without stress. Thus, prior stress and AVP functionally alter CRF-mediated neurotransmission and sensitize CRF-induced inhibition of 5-HT release, suggesting that this is a potential mechanism underlying stress-induced affective reactivity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Ronan
- Research Service, Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Research in Psychiatry, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States
- Neuroscience Group, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
- Kenneth J. Renner,
| | - Wayne J. Korzan
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, The University of West Alabama, Livingston, AL, United States
| | - Philip L. Johnson
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Renner
- Neuroscience Group, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
- Patrick J. Ronan,
| | - Cliff H. Summers
- Research Service, Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Neuroscience Group, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
- *Correspondence: Cliff H. Summers,
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Viden A, Ch'ng SS, Walker LC, Shesham A, Hamilton SM, Smith CM, Lawrence AJ. Organisation of enkephalin inputs and outputs of the central nucleus of the amygdala in mice. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 125:102167. [PMID: 36182026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is a key hub integrating sensory inputs and modulating behavioural outputs. The CeA is a complex structure with discrete subdivisions, high peptidergic heterogeneity and broad CNS afferent and efferent projections. While several neuropeptide systems within the CeA have been examined in detail, less is known about CeA preproenkephalin (ppENK) cells. Here, we used a recently developed transgenic Penk-Cre mouse line to advance our understanding of the efferent and afferent connectivity of ppENK in the CeA. First, to determine the fidelity of Cre expression in Penk-Cre transgenic mice, we conducted RNAscope in the CeA of Penk-Cre mice. Our analysis revealed that 96.6% of CeA Cre+ neurons co-expressed pENK mRNA, and 99.7% of CeA pENK+ neurons co-expressed Cre mRNA, indicating faithful recapitulation of Cre expression in CeA ppENK-expressing cells, supporting the fidelity of the Penk-Cre reporter mouse. Anterograde tracing of CeAPenk cells showed strong efferent projections to the extended amygdala, midbrain and hindbrain PBN and NTS. Retrograde tracing of Penk afferents to the CeA were more restricted, with primary innervation originating within the amygdala complex and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and minor innervation from the parabrachial nucleus and nucleus of the solitary tract. Together, our data provide a comprehensive map of ENKergic efferent and afferent connectivity of the CeA in Penk-Cre mice. Further, we highlight both the utility and limitations of the Penk-Cre mice to study the function of CeA, PBN and NTS ppENK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Viden
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052
| | - Sarah S Ch'ng
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052
| | - Leigh C Walker
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052
| | - Arnav Shesham
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800
| | - Sabine M Hamilton
- School of Medicine, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Craig M Smith
- School of Medicine, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052.
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Wang R, Wang N, Liang W, Lin T, Qiao H. The role of central amygdaloid nucleus in regulating the nongenomic effect of aldosterone on sodium intake in the nucleus tractus solitary. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2615. [PMID: 35588446 PMCID: PMC9226841 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) has dense downward fiber projections towards the nucleus tractus solitary (NTS) and can modulate the activity of NTS taste neurons. However, whether CeA affects the nongenomic role of aldosterone (ALD) in regulating sodium intake at the NTS level remains unclear. METHODS First, 40 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups, referring to different concentrations of ALD, to observe the sodium intake pattern compared with the vehicle (n = 8). ALD, the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone (SPI), and ALD + SPI were injected into the NTS. Then, the rats were divided into four groups (n = 16): bilateral/unilateral CeA electrolytic lesions, bilateral/unilateral CeA sham lesions. After recovery, one stainless steel 23-gauge cannula with two tubes was implanted into the rat NTS, and all rats underwent a recovery period of 7 days. Then, each group was divided into two subgroups that received aldosterone or control solution injection, and the cumulative intake of 0.3 mol/L NaCl solution was recorded within 30 min. RESULTS Bilateral CeA lesion eliminated the increased 0.3 mol/L NaCl intake induced by aldosterone microinjected into the NTS (CeA lesion: 0.3 ± 0.04 ml/30 min vs. sham lesion: 1.3 ± 0.3 ml/30 min). Unilateral CeA lesion reduced the increased NaCl intake induced by aldosterone microinjected into the NTS compared with the control group (p < .05) in the first 15 min but not in 15-30 min (p > .05). In sham lesion rats, aldosterone (5 ng/0.1 μl) still induced a significant increase in NaCl intake (aldosterone: 1.3 ± 0.3 ml/30 min vs. control: 0.25 ± 0.02 ml/30 min) (p < .05). CONCLUSION The results verified that the complete CeA may play an important role in aldosterone to regulate the nongenomic effect on rapid sodium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenhui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingting Lin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Chen SY, Yao J, Hu YD, Chen HY, Liu PC, Wang WF, Zeng YH, Zhuang CW, Zeng SX, Li YP, Yang LY, Huang ZX, Huang KQ, Lai ZT, Hu YH, Cai P, Chen L, Wu S. Control of Behavioral Arousal and Defense by a Glutamatergic Midbrain-Amygdala Pathway in Mice. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:850193. [PMID: 35527820 PMCID: PMC9070111 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.850193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to external threatening signals, animals evolve a series of defensive behaviors that depend on heightened arousal. It is believed that arousal and defensive behaviors are coordinately regulated by specific neurocircuits in the central nervous system. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a key structure located in the ventral midbrain of mice. The activity of VTA glutamatergic neurons has recently been shown to be closely related to sleep–wake behavior. However, the specific role of VTA glutamatergic neurons in sleep–wake regulation, associated physiological functions, and underlying neural circuits remain unclear. In the current study, using an optogenetic approach and synchronous polysomnographic recording, we demonstrated that selective activation of VTA glutamatergic neurons induced immediate transition from sleep to wakefulness and obviously increased the amount of wakefulness in mice. Furthermore, optogenetic activation of VTA glutamatergic neurons induced multiple defensive behaviors, including burrowing, fleeing, avoidance and hiding. Finally, viral-mediated anterograde activation revealed that projections from the VTA to the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) mediated the wake- and defense-promoting effects of VTA glutamatergic neurons. Collectively, our results illustrate that the glutamatergic VTA is a key neural substrate regulating wakefulness and defensive behaviors that controls these behaviors through its projection into the CeA. We further discuss the possibility that the glutamatergic VTA-CeA pathway may be involved in psychiatric diseases featuring with excessive defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Yao
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Duan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui-Yun Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pei-Chang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen-Feng Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hang Zeng
- School of Basic Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cong-Wen Zhuang
- School of Basic Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shun-Xing Zeng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yue-Ping Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liu-Yun Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai-Qi Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Ting Lai
- School of Basic Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong-Huai Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Cai
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Cai,
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Li Chen,
| | - Siying Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Siying Wu,
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Sanson A, Bosch OJ. Dysfunctions of brain oxytocin signaling: Implications for poor mothering. Neuropharmacology 2022; 211:109049. [PMID: 35390436 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Good mothering has profound impact on both the mother's and the young's well-being. Consequently, experiencing inadequate maternal care - or even neglect - in the first stages of life is a major risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders, and even for poor parenting towards the future offspring. Thus, understanding the neurobiological basis of maternal neglect becomes crucial. Along with other neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, oxytocin (OXT) has long been known as one of the main modulators of maternal behavior. In rodents, disruptions of central OXT transmission have been associated with poor maternal responses, like impaired onset of nursing behaviors, and reduced care and defense of the pups. Importantly, such behavioral and molecular deficits can be transmitted through generations, creating a vicious circle of low-quality maternal behavior. Similarly, evidence from human studies shows that OXT signaling is defective in conditions of inadequate mothering and child neglect. On those premises, this review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of animal and human studies linking perturbed OXT transmission to poor maternal behavior. Considering the important fallouts of inadequate maternal responses, we believe that unraveling the alterations in OXT transmission might provide useful insights for a better understanding of maternal neglect and, ultimately, for future intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Sanson
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver J Bosch
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Xia X, Wang Y, Qin Y, Zhao S, Zheng JC. Exosome: A novel neurotransmission modulator or non-canonical neurotransmitter? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101558. [PMID: 34990846 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmission is the electrical impulse-triggered propagation of signals between neurons or between neurons and other cell types such as skeletal muscle cells. Recent studies point out the involvement of exosomes, a type of small bilipid layer-enclosed extracellular vesicles, in regulating neurotransmission. Through horizontally transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, exosomes can modulate synaptic activities rapidly by controlling neurotransmitter release or progressively by regulating neural plasticity including synapse formation, neurite growth & removal, and axon guidance & elongation. In this review, we summarize the similarities and differences between exosomes and synaptic vesicles in their biogenesis, contents, and release. We also highlight the recent progress made in demonstrating the biological roles of exosome in regulating neurotransmission, and propose a modified model of neurotransmission, in which exosomes act as novel neurotransmitters. Lastly, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the enlightenment of the current knowledge on neurotransmission to the future directions of exosome research.
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Borrego MB, Grigsby KB, Townsley KG, Chan A, Firsick EJ, Tran A, Savarese A, Ozburn AR. Central nucleus of the amygdala projections onto the nucleus accumbens core regulate binge-like alcohol drinking in a CRF-dependent manner. Neuropharmacology 2022; 203:108874. [PMID: 34748860 PMCID: PMC10578155 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is important for regulating a number of behaviors, including alcohol and substance use. We previously found that chemogenetically manipulating neuronal activity in the NAc core regulates binge-like drinking in mice. The central amygdala (CeA) is also an important regulator of alcohol drinking, and projects to the NAc core. We tested whether neuronal projections from the CeA to the NAc core, or neuropeptides released by the CeA in the NAc core, could regulate binge drinking. METHODS For experiment 1, mice were administered AAV2 Cre-GFP into the NAc core and a Cre-inducible DREADD [AAV2 DIO- hM3Dq, -hM4Di, or -mCherry control] into the CeA. We tested the effects of altering CeA to NAc core activity on binge-like ethanol intake (via "Drinking in the Dark", DID). For experiment 2, we bilaterally microinfused corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), neuropeptide Y (NPY), or somatostatin (SST) into the NAc core prior to DID. For experiment 3, we tested whether intra-NAc CRF antagonism prevented reductions in drinking induced by CNO/hM3Dq stimulation of CeA->NAc projections. RESULTS Chemogenetically increasing activity in neurons projecting from the CeA to NAc core decreased binge-like ethanol drinking (p < 0.01). Intra-NAc core CRF mimicked chemogenetic stimulation of this pathway (p < 0.05). Binge-like drinking was unaffected by the doses of NPY and SST tested. Lastly, we found that intra-NAc CRF antagonism prevented reductions in drinking induced by chemogenetic stimulation of CeA->NAc projections. These findings demonstrate that neurons projecting from the CeA to NAc core that release CRF are capable of regulating binge-like drinking in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa B Borrego
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, and VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Kolter B Grigsby
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, and VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Kayla G Townsley
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, and VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Amy Chan
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, and VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Evan J Firsick
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, and VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Alex Tran
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, and VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Antonia Savarese
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, and VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Angela R Ozburn
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, and VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Olsen N, Furlong TM, Carrive P. Behavioural and cardiovascular effects of orexin-A infused into the central amygdala under basal and fear conditions in rats. Behav Brain Res 2021; 415:113515. [PMID: 34371088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide orexin-A (OX-A) has diverse functions, including maintaining arousal, autonomic control, motor activity and stress responses. These functions are regulated at different terminal regions where OX-A is released. The current study examined the physiological and behavioural effects of OX-A microinjections into the central amygdala (CeA) under basal and stressed conditions in rats. When OX-A was microinjected into the CeA and the animals returned to the home-cage, heart rate and mean arterial pressure were increased compared to vehicle-injected controls. General activity of the animal was also increased, indicating that OX-A activity in CeA contributes to increased arousal. This outcome is similar to the effects of central intracerebroventricular infusions of OX-A, as well as the cardiovascular effects previously demonstrated at many of OX's efferent hypothalamic and brainstem structures. In a second study, animals were fear-conditioned to a context by delivery of electric footshocks and then animals were re-exposed to the conditioned context at test. When OX-A was microinjected at test, freezing behaviour was reduced and there was a corresponding increase in the animal's activity but no impact on the pressor and cardiac responses (i.e, blood pressure and heart rate were unchanged). This reduction in freezing suggests that OX-A activates amygdala neurons that inhibit freezing, which is similar to the actions of other neuropeptides in the CeA that modulate the appropriate defence response to fearful stimuli. Overall, these data indicate that the CeA is an important site of OX-A modulation of cardiovascular and motor activity, as well as conditioned freezing responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Olsen
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Teri M Furlong
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia.
| | - Pascal Carrive
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
The neural regulation of feeding behaviour, as an essential factor for survival, is an important research area today. Feeding behaviour and other lifestyle habits play a major role in optimising health and obesity control. Feeding behaviour is physiologically controlled through processes associated with energy and nutrient needs. Different brain nuclei are involved in the neural regulation of feeding behaviours. Therefore, understanding the function of these brain nuclei helps develop feeding control methods. Among important brain nuclei, there is scant literature on the central amygdala (CeA) nucleus and feeding behaviour. The CeA is one of the critical brain regions that play a significant role in various physiological and behavioural responses, such as emotional states, reward processing, energy balance and feeding behaviour. It contains γ-aminobutyric acid neurons. Also, it is the major output region of the amygdaloidal complex. Moreover, the CeA is also involved in multiple molecular and biochemical factors and has extensive connections with other brain nuclei and their neurotransmitters, highlighting its role in feeding behaviour. This review aims to highlight the significance of the CeA nucleus on food consumption by its interaction with the performance of reward, digestive and emotional systems.
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Central amygdala circuitry modulates nociceptive processing through differential hierarchical interaction with affective network dynamics. Commun Biol 2021; 4:732. [PMID: 34127787 PMCID: PMC8203648 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The central amygdala (CE) emerges as a critical node for affective processing. However, how CE local circuitry interacts with brain wide affective states is yet uncharted. Using basic nociception as proxy, we find that gene expression suggests diverging roles of the two major CE neuronal populations, protein kinase C δ-expressing (PKCδ+) and somatostatin-expressing (SST+) cells. Optogenetic (o)fMRI demonstrates that PKCδ+/SST+ circuits engage specific separable functional subnetworks to modulate global brain dynamics by a differential bottom-up vs. top-down hierarchical mesoscale mechanism. This diverging modulation impacts on nocifensive behavior and may underly CE control of affective processing. In order to examine how central amygdala (CE) local circuitry interacts with brain-wide affective states, Wank et al performed gene expression analysis and optogenetic fMRI in mice, using basic nociception as a proxy. They found evidence for diverging roles of two major CE neuronal populations in modulating global brain states, which impacts on aversive processing and nocifensive behaviour.
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15
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Browning KN, Carson KE. Central Neurocircuits Regulating Food Intake in Response to Gut Inputs-Preclinical Evidence. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030908. [PMID: 33799575 PMCID: PMC7998662 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of energy balance requires the complex integration of homeostatic and hedonic pathways, but sensory inputs from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are increasingly recognized as playing critical roles. The stomach and small intestine relay sensory information to the central nervous system (CNS) via the sensory afferent vagus nerve. This vast volume of complex sensory information is received by neurons of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) and is integrated with responses to circulating factors as well as descending inputs from the brainstem, midbrain, and forebrain nuclei involved in autonomic regulation. The integrated signal is relayed to the adjacent dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), which supplies the motor output response via the efferent vagus nerve to regulate and modulate gastric motility, tone, secretion, and emptying, as well as intestinal motility and transit; the precise coordination of these responses is essential for the control of meal size, meal termination, and nutrient absorption. The interconnectivity of the NTS implies that many other CNS areas are capable of modulating vagal efferent output, emphasized by the many CNS disorders associated with dysregulated GI functions including feeding. This review will summarize the role of major CNS centers to gut-related inputs in the regulation of gastric function with specific reference to the regulation of food intake.
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Quattrini G, Pievani M, Jovicich J, Aiello M, Bargalló N, Barkhof F, Bartres-Faz D, Beltramello A, Pizzini FB, Blin O, Bordet R, Caulo M, Constantinides M, Didic M, Drevelegas A, Ferretti A, Fiedler U, Floridi P, Gros-Dagnac H, Hensch T, Hoffmann KT, Kuijer JP, Lopes R, Marra C, Müller BW, Nobili F, Parnetti L, Payoux P, Picco A, Ranjeva JP, Roccatagliata L, Rossini PM, Salvatore M, Schonknecht P, Schott BH, Sein J, Soricelli A, Tarducci R, Tsolaki M, Visser PJ, Wiltfang J, Richardson JC, Frisoni GB, Marizzoni M. Amygdalar nuclei and hippocampal subfields on MRI: Test-retest reliability of automated volumetry across different MRI sites and vendors. Neuroimage 2020; 218:116932. [PMID: 32416226 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amygdala and the hippocampus are two limbic structures that play a critical role in cognition and behavior, however their manual segmentation and that of their smaller nuclei/subfields in multicenter datasets is time consuming and difficult due to the low contrast of standard MRI. Here, we assessed the reliability of the automated segmentation of amygdalar nuclei and hippocampal subfields across sites and vendors using FreeSurfer in two independent cohorts of older and younger healthy adults. METHODS Sixty-five healthy older (cohort 1) and 68 younger subjects (cohort 2), from the PharmaCog and CoRR consortia, underwent repeated 3D-T1 MRI (interval 1-90 days). Segmentation was performed using FreeSurfer v6.0. Reliability was assessed using volume reproducibility error (ε) and spatial overlapping coefficient (DICE) between test and retest session. RESULTS Significant MRI site and vendor effects (p < .05) were found in a few subfields/nuclei for the ε, while extensive effects were found for the DICE score of most subfields/nuclei. Reliability was strongly influenced by volume, as ε correlated negatively and DICE correlated positively with volume size of structures (absolute value of Spearman's r correlations >0.43, p < 1.39E-36). In particular, volumes larger than 200 mm3 (for amygdalar nuclei) and 300 mm3 (for hippocampal subfields, except for molecular layer) had the best test-retest reproducibility (ε < 5% and DICE > 0.80). CONCLUSION Our results support the use of volumetric measures of larger amygdalar nuclei and hippocampal subfields in multisite MRI studies. These measures could be useful for disease tracking and assessment of efficacy in drug trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Quattrini
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Michela Pievani
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jorge Jovicich
- Center for Mind Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Núria Bargalló
- Department of Neuroradiology and Image Research Platform, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, UK
| | - David Bartres-Faz
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Beltramello
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS "Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria", Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca B Pizzini
- Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Olivier Blin
- Aix-Marseille University, UMR-INSERM 1106, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Regis Bordet
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM U 1106, 13005, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Mira Didic
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France; APHM, Timone, Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, Hôpital Timone Adultes, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Ute Fiedler
- Institutes and Clinics of the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Piero Floridi
- Perugia General Hospital, Neuroradiology Unit, Perugia, Italy
| | - Hélène Gros-Dagnac
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Tilman Hensch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Joost P Kuijer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renaud Lopes
- INSERM U1171, Neuroradiology Department, University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Camillo Marra
- Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernhard W Müller
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pierre Payoux
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Agnese Picco
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Roccatagliata
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Health Science (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo M Rossini
- Dept. Neuroscience & Rehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele-Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Peter Schonknecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Julien Sein
- CRMBM-CEMEREM, UMR 7339, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Magda Tsolaki
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pieter J Visser
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jill C Richardson
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Memory Clinic and LANVIE-Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Moira Marizzoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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van den Burg EH, Hegoburu C. Modulation of expression of fear by oxytocin signaling in the central amygdala: From reduction of fear to regulation of defensive behavior style. Neuropharmacology 2020; 173:108130. [PMID: 32389750 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many studies in preclinical animal models have described fear-reducing effects of the neuropeptide oxytocin in the central nucleus of the amygdala. However, recent studies have refined the role of oxytocin in the central amygdala, which may extend to the selection of an active defensive coping style in the face of immediate threat, and also fear-enhancing effects have been reported. On top of this, oxytocin enables the discrimination of unfamiliar conspecifics on the basis of their emotional state, which could allow for the selection of an appropriate coping style. This is in line with many observations that support the hypothesis that the precise outcome of oxytocin signaling in the central amygdala or other brain regions depends on the emotional or physiological state of an animal. In this review, we highlight a number of studies to exemplify the diverse effects oxytocin exerts on fear in the central amygdala of rodents. These are discussed in the context of the organization of the neural network within the central amygdala and in relation to the oxytocin-synthesizing neurons in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin H van den Burg
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV), Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Chloé Hegoburu
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV), Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Zhang-Molina C, Schmit MB, Cai H. Neural Circuit Mechanism Underlying the Feeding Controlled by Insula-Central Amygdala Pathway. iScience 2020; 23:101033. [PMID: 32311583 PMCID: PMC7168768 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) contains distinct populations of neurons that play opposing roles in feeding. The circuit mechanism of how CeA neurons process information sent from their upstream inputs to regulate feeding is still unclear. Here we show that activation of the neural pathway projecting from insular cortex neurons to the CeA suppresses food intake. Surprisingly, we find that the inputs from insular cortex form excitatory connections with similar strength to all types of CeA neurons. To reconcile this puzzling result, and previous findings, we developed a conductance-based dynamical systems model for the CeA neuronal network. Computer simulations showed that both the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of individual CeA neurons and the overall synaptic organization of the CeA circuit play a functionally significant role in shaping CeA neural dynamics. We successfully identified a specific CeA circuit structure that reproduces the desired circuit output consistent with existing experimentally observed feeding behaviors. Activation of the insular cortex→central amygdala (CeA) pathway suppresses feeding Insular cortex neurons send similar excitatory inputs to different types of CeA neurons Model suggests a required circuit with both late firing and regular spiking cells The circuit model can explain current and previous CeA-mediated feeding behaviors
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew B Schmit
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Haijiang Cai
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Bio5 Institute and Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Somani A, Perry C, Patodia S, Michalak Z, Ellis M, Sisodiya SM, Thom M. Neuropeptide depletion in the amygdala in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: A postmortem study. Epilepsia 2020; 61:310-318. [PMID: 31958887 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is typically unwitnessed but can be preceded by seizures in the period prior to death. Peri-ictal respiratory dysfunction is a likely mechanism for some SUDEP, and central apnea has been shown following amygdala stimulation. The amygdala is enriched in neuropeptides that modulate neuronal activity and can be transiently depleted following seizures. In a postmortem SUDEP series, we sought to investigate alterations of neuropeptidergic networks in the amygdala, including cases with recent poor seizure control. METHODS In 15 SUDEP cases, 12 epilepsy controls, and 10 nonepilepsy controls, we quantified the labeling index (LI) for galanin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and somatostatin (SST) in the lateral, basal, and accessory basal nuclei and periamygdala cortex with whole slide scanning image analysis. Within the SUDEP group, seven had recent generalized seizures with recovery 24 hours prior to death (SUDEP-R). RESULTS Galanin, NPY, and SST LIs were significantly lower in all amygdala regions in SUDEP cases compared to epilepsy controls (P < .05 to P < .0005), and galanin LI was lower in the lateral nucleus compared to nonepilepsy controls (P < .05). There was no difference in the LI in the SUDEP-R group compared to other SUDEP. Higher LI was noted in epilepsy controls than nonepilepsy controls; this was significant for NPY in lateral and basal nuclei (P < .005 and P < .05). SIGNIFICANCE A reduction in galanin in the lateral nucleus in SUDEP could represent acute depletion, relevant to postictal amygdala dysfunction. In addition, increased amygdala neuropeptides in epilepsy controls support their seizure-induced modulation, which is relatively deficient in SUDEP; this could represent a vulnerability factor for amygdala dysfunction in the postictal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyma Somani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Perry
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Smriti Patodia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Zuzanna Michalak
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Matthew Ellis
- Neuropathology Division, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, UK
| | - Maria Thom
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Neuropathology Division, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor-Expressing Neurons in the Central Amygdala Influence Fear-Related Behavior. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:899-909. [PMID: 31420088 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in posttraumatic stress disorder; however, the mechanisms responsible for this connection and the therapeutic potential of targeting the renin-angiotensin system in posttraumatic stress disorder remain unknown. Using an angiotensin receptor bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter mouse, combined with neuroanatomical, pharmacological, and behavioral approaches, we examined the role of angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) in fear-related behavior. METHODS Dual immunohistochemistry with retrograde labeling was used to characterize AT2R-eGFP+ cells in the amygdala of the AT2R-eGFP-BAC reporter mouse. Pavlovian fear conditioning and behavioral pharmacological analyses were used to demonstrate the effects of AT2R activation on fear memory in male C57BL/6 mice. RESULTS AT2R-eGFP+ neurons in the amygdala were predominantly expressed in the medial amygdala and the medial division of the central amygdala (CeM), with little AT2R-eGFP expression in the basolateral amygdala or lateral division of the central amygdala. Characterization of AT2R-eGFP+ neurons in the CeM demonstrated distinct localization to gamma-aminobutyric acidergic projection neurons. Mice receiving acute intra-central amygdala injections of the selective AT2R agonist compound 21 prior to tests for cued or contextual fear expression displayed less freezing. Retrograde labeling of AT2R-eGFP+ neurons projecting to the periaqueductal gray revealed AT2R-eGFP+ neuronal projections from the CeM to the periaqueductal gray, a key brain structure mediating fear-related freezing. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that CeM AT2R-expressing neurons can modulate central amygdala outputs that play a role in fear expression, providing new evidence for a novel angiotensinergic circuit in the regulation of fear.
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