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Guo Q, Liu S, Wang L, Feng K, Yang S. Analysis of microstate features for Parkinson's disease based on reliability validation. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 406:110115. [PMID: 38531478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disorder with abnormal changes in brain activity. The lack of objective indicators makes the assessment of PD progression difficult. Assessment of brain activity changes in PD may offer a potential solution. NEW METHOD Electroencephalogram (EEG) microstates reflect global dynamic changes in the brain. Therefore, we utilized microstates to assess changes in PD brain activity. However, the effect of epoch duration on the reliability of microstate analyses in PD is unclear. Thus, we first assessed the effect of data duration on the reliability of microstate topography and temporal features in PD and older healthy individuals. According to the reliability assessment, EEG epochs with high reliability were selected for microstate analysis in PD. Finally, we investigated the correlation between microstate features and clinical scales to determine whether these features could serve as objective indicators to evaluate PD progression. RESULTS Microstate analysis features that show high reliability for 3 min and above epoch durations. The topology of microstate D was significantly changed in PD compared to healthy controls, as well as the temporal features of microstates C and D. Additionally, the occurrence of C was negatively correlated with MoCA, and the duration of D was positively correlated with UPDRS. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) High reliability of PD microstate features obtained by our approach. CONCLUSION EEG for PD microstate analysis should be at least 3 min. Microstate analysis is expected to provide new ideas and objective indicators for assessing Parkinson's disease progression in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics and Neural Engineering, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300131, China; State Key Laboratory of Reliable and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics and Neural Engineering, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300131, China; State Key Laboratory of Reliable and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics and Neural Engineering, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300131, China; State Key Laboratory of Reliable and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Keke Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shuo Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics and Neural Engineering, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300131, China; State Key Laboratory of Reliable and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
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Borobio-Castillo RA, Cabrera-Miranda JM, Corona-Vásquez B. Metamodeling-based reliability analysis framework for activated sludge processes. Water Res 2024; 255:121436. [PMID: 38503185 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The reliability of activated sludge processes will be adversely affected by alterations in wastewater production and pollutant loading foreseen due to population growth, urbanization, and climate change, as well as the tendency to amend environmental regulations to mandate stricter effluent quality standards to alleviate water pollution. Until now, there was no framework capable of effectively managing these multifaceted challenges in reliability analysis. Previous attempts conducted a low number of simulations leading to insufficient statistical significance to properly validate reliability quantification. A metamodeling-based reliability analysis framework for the activated sludge process is introduced to cope with alterations in wastewater production and pollutant loading, assesses the reliability under different effluent regulations, and leverages metamodels to conduct extensive simulation work, to estimate the reliability. All metamodels produced high-resolution results, enabling reliability estimation after 100 000 simulations. The framework effectively assessed the annual failure rates of various activated sludge facility designs under four regulations, demonstrating the impact of stricter effluent quality standards. Integrating metamodels for reliability analysis greatly lowers computational costs, making the framework a time and resource-efficient choice for quick decision-making in facility design.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Borobio-Castillo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex-Hacienda Santa Catarina Mártir S/N, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla 72810, México
| | - J M Cabrera-Miranda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex-Hacienda Santa Catarina Mártir S/N, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla 72810, México
| | - B Corona-Vásquez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex-Hacienda Santa Catarina Mártir S/N, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla 72810, México.
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Al-Sheikh O, Ghasemi SH, Jalayer M. Reliability-based analysis of horizontal curve design by evaluating the impact of vehicle automation on roadway departure crashes and safety performance. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25346. [PMID: 38390042 PMCID: PMC10881550 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Roadway departure (RwD) crashes are significant safety concerns, especially at horizontal curves. The design of these curves plays a crucial role in mitigating RwD crashes. Thus, a thorough understanding of the interaction between driver behavior, vehicle automation, and geometric design is vital. Substantive safety, which emphasizes the inherent safety in a road's design and function, serves as the foundation of our approach. Building on this, the study employs a safe system approach to investigate the performance of horizontal curves under both non-automated and partially automated conditions, using a reliability-based analysis focusing on Stopping Sight Distance as the primary driver demand. Factors including Perception-Brake Time and Take-Over Time for automated vehicles are examined. The analysis covers horizontal curves, characterized by their geometric design and crash data. Our findings highlight a shift in the performance of horizontal curves under automation, emphasizing the need to consider automation in roadway design within the safe system approach. This study demonstrates how a reliability-based analysis can guide designers in making informed decisions regarding the geometric design of horizontal curves to reduce RwD crashes. To enhance transportation safety in the era of increasing automation, ongoing exploration of the relationships between driver behavior, automation, and road design is indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al-Sheikh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Seyed Hooman Ghasemi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Mohammad Jalayer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
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Cano-Barbacil C, Carrete M, Castro-Díez P, Delibes-Mateos M, Jaques JA, López-Darias M, Nogales M, Pino J, Ros M, Traveset A, Turon X, Vilà M, Altamirano M, Álvarez I, Arias A, Boix D, Cabido C, Cacabelos E, Cobo F, Cruz J, Cuesta JA, Dáder B, Del Estal P, Gallardo B, Gómez Laporta M, González-Moreno P, Hernández JC, Jiménez-Alfaro B, Lázaro Lobo A, Leza M, Montserrat M, Oliva-Paterna FJ, Piñeiro L, Ponce C, Pons P, Rotchés-Ribalta R, Roura-Pascual N, Sánchez M, Trillo A, Viñuela E, García-Berthou E. Identification of potential invasive alien species in Spain through horizon scanning. J Environ Manage 2023; 345:118696. [PMID: 37549639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Invasive alien species have widespread impacts on native biodiversity and ecosystem services. Since the number of introductions worldwide is continuously rising, it is essential to prevent the entry, establishment and spread of new alien species through a systematic examination of future potential threats. Applying a three-step horizon scanning consensus method, we evaluated non-established alien species that could potentially arrive, establish and cause major ecological impact in Spain within the next 10 years. Overall, we identified 47 species with a very high risk (e.g. Oreochromis niloticus, Popillia japonica, Hemidactylus frenatus, Crassula helmsii or Halophila stipulacea), 61 with high risk, 93 with moderate risk, and 732 species with low risk. Many of the species categorized as very high or high risk to Spanish biodiversity are either already present in Europe and neighbouring countries or have a long invasive history elsewhere. This study provides an updated list of potential invasive alien species useful for prioritizing efforts and resources against their introduction. Compared to previous horizon scanning exercises in Spain, the current study screens potential invaders from a wider range of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine organisms, and can serve as a basis for more comprehensive risk analyses to improve management and increase the efficiency of the early warning and rapid response framework for invasive alien species. We also stress the usefulness of measuring agreement and consistency as two different properties of the reliability of expert scores, in order to more easily elaborate consensus ranked lists of potential invasive alien species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cano-Barbacil
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - Martina Carrete
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Pilar Castro-Díez
- Biological Invasions Research Group (BioInv), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Pza. San Diego, s/n, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Delibes-Mateos
- Instituto de Estudios Sociales Avanzados (IESA-CSIC), Plaza Campo Santo de los Mártires, 7, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Josep A Jaques
- Departament de Biologia, Bioquímica i Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Marta López-Darias
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canarias, Spain
| | - Manuel Nogales
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canarias, Spain
| | - Joan Pino
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra, (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain; Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Edifici C. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Macarena Ros
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anna Traveset
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA,CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, 07190, Esporles, Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Xavier Turon
- Departamento de Ecología Marina, Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés a la Cala St. Francesc, 14, 17300, Blanes, Spain
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092, Sevilla, Spain; Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Altamirano
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Murcia, Spain
| | - Inés Álvarez
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), C/ Claudio Moyano 1, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Arias
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas (Zoología), Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Dani Boix
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabido
- Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, Departamento de Herpetología, Calle Alto de Zorroaga 11, E-20014, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Eva Cacabelos
- Hydrosphere - Environmental laboratory for the study of aquatic Ecosystems, 36331, Vigo, Spain
| | - Fernando Cobo
- Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Joaquín Cruz
- Departament de Biologia, Bioquímica i Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - José A Cuesta
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Beatriz Dáder
- Unit of Crop Protection, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Del Estal
- Unit of Crop Protection, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belinda Gallardo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE), CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - José Carlos Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, c/ Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38206, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Borja Jiménez-Alfaro
- Biodiversity Research Institute IMIB (Univ. Oviedo-CSIC-Princ. Asturias), Mieres, Spain
| | - Adrián Lázaro Lobo
- Biological Invasions Research Group (BioInv), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Pza. San Diego, s/n, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Biodiversity Research Institute IMIB (Univ. Oviedo-CSIC-Princ. Asturias), Mieres, Spain
| | - Mar Leza
- Departamento de Biología (Zoología), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. Valldemossa, km. 7,5, 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Marta Montserrat
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture "La Mayora"-UMA-CSIC, Avda Dr Weinberg s/n, 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Oliva-Paterna
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Pere Pons
- Animal Biology Lab & BioLand. Departament de Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Girona, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roser Rotchés-Ribalta
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra, (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Roura-Pascual
- Animal Biology Lab & BioLand. Departament de Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Girona, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alejandro Trillo
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elisa Viñuela
- Unit of Crop Protection, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Zou F, Hu Y, Long M, Lai J. Quantitative law and scenario-based forecasting of different land use expansion, based on reliability analysis in mountainous areas. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:92801-92816. [PMID: 37495808 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The continuous high-intensity and disorderly expansion of construction land in mountainous areas threatens city development; consequently, the scientific guidance of its sustainable development has become a research hotspot. This work aimed to develop a new theoretical framework for predicting land expansion. Based on DMSP/OLS-Landsat 7 data correction from 2000 to 2019, to ensure data reliability, this study quantitatively analysed the expansion law of land-use and land-cover (LULC) in Huayuan, a typical mountainous area in China. Based on the land expansion law, the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model was used to predict various types of LULCs in different scenarios. The results showed that (1) the reliability of LULC under multi-source spatio-temporal data correction reached more than 0.97. (2) The expansion law of industrial and mining land, urban living land, and traffic land is sprawl, while rural living land is enclaved and the expansion direction and intensity are obviously different. (3) The scale of land expansion in the natural-oriented scenario was significantly higher than that in the humanism-oriented scenario, with a higher value of 199.33 hm2. This study expands the case study of land use analysis and prediction, and provides scientific guidance for different land expansion planning, which can avoid the mismatch and waste of land resources. Furthermore, it also deepens the exploration of LULC identification reliability method and enriches the theory of different land use prediction in mountainous areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zou
- School of Architecture, Changsha University of Science and Technology, 45 Chiling Road, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410076, China.
| | - Yingling Hu
- School of Architecture and Planning, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Meiqin Long
- School of Architecture, Changsha University of Science and Technology, 45 Chiling Road, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410076, China
| | - Junxiang Lai
- School of Architecture, Changsha University of Science and Technology, 45 Chiling Road, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410076, China
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Zhao G, Xing L. Reliability analysis of body sensor networks with correlated isolation groups. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 2023; 236:109305. [PMID: 37089459 PMCID: PMC10089672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2023.109305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Body sensor networks (BSNs) are playing a crucial role in tackling arising challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. This work contributes by modeling and analyzing the BSN reliability considering the effects of correlated functional dependence (FDEP) and random isolation time behavior. Particularly, the FDEP exists in BSNs where a relay is utilized to assist the communication between some biosensors and the sink device. When the relay malfunctions, the dependent biosensors may communicate directly with the sink for a limited, uncertain time. These biosensors then become isolated from the rest of the BSN when their remaining power depletes to the level insufficient to support the direct communication. Moreover, multiple biosensors sharing the same relay and a biosensor communicating with the sink via several alternative relays create correlations among different FDEP groups. In addition, the competition in the time domain exists between the local failure of the relay and the propagated failures of dependent biosensors. Both the correlation and competition complicate the reliability modeling and analysis of BSNs. This work proposes a combinatorial and analytical methodology to address both effects in the BSN reliability analysis. The proposed method is demonstrated using a detailed case study and verified using a continuous-time Markov chain method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Zhao
- School of Computing & Artificial Intelligence, Southwest Jiaotong University, China
| | - Liudong Xing
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, USA
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
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Fu J, Jian J, Long S, Fan Z, Fan Q, Xie F, Zhang Y, Ma J. Study on potential energy curves and ro-vibrational energies of DT, HT and T 2 molecules. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 260:119913. [PMID: 33993025 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accurately monitoring and effectively controlling the tritium compounds based on their ro-vibrational energy structure are important issues in various nuclear systems. Because of their radioactivity, it is difficult to obtain the corresponding energies directly through experiments. In this paper, the potential energy curves and the corresponding ro-vibrational full spectrum of DT, HT and T2 systems are derived by ab initio methods. However, it is difficult to verify the reliability of the calculated results due to the lack of direct experimental support. Therefore, a data-driven reliability analysis method is proposed, which can confirm the reliability by extracting information from the relevant calculations and multiple experimental data (the vibrational level, rotational level, and molar heat capacity) of similar systems (HD, H2, D2). The results show that: 1) The potential energy curves obtained by the ab initio method can provide the full ro-vibrational energy spectrum with an accuracy of approximately 10 cm-1; 2) Macroscopic heat capacity information can be used to distinguish and calibrate the overall reliability of microscopic ro-vibrational energies; 3) For the isotopic energy level structure of hydrogen, the influence of isotopes is mainly mass effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fu
- College of science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Jun Jian
- College of science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Shanshan Long
- College of science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Zhixiang Fan
- College of science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Qunchao Fan
- College of science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
| | - Feng Xie
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Jang Y, Kim HS, Lee JH, Ham SY, Park JH, Park HD. Development of a new method to evaluate critical flux and system reliability based on particle properties in a membrane bioreactor. Chemosphere 2021; 280:130763. [PMID: 33975240 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling occurs when the operating flux exceeds a certain point (i.e., critical flux). Critical flux has therefore been widely adopted to determine the initial operating flux in membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes. The flux steeping method currently used to measure the critical flux is time-consuming and uneconomical. This study was conducted to develop a novel approach for the evaluation of critical flux. Given that particle fouling is dominant during the initial fouling stage, we hypothesized that particle properties may be closely related to critical flux. A critical flux prediction model with an R2 of 0.9 was therefore derived, which indicates that particle properties regulate critical flux. The results imply that most of the fouling potential during the early stages of operation is caused by SS, and that the formation of cakes that comprise large particles is the dominant fouling mechanism. The new method proposed in this study reduced the measurement cost and time to evaluate critical flux by 3.5-and 8 times, respectively, compared to the flux-stepping method. In terms of practical application, the applicability of the model equation was identified by system reliability analysis, which indicates that the system failure increases significantly as the standard deviation of the variables increases. This study demonstrated that the prediction of critical flux and system reliability can be achieved through particle characteristic measurement. A similar approach is expected to be employed in real MBR plants as an economical and convenient fouling control strategy to solve problems involving resource shortages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsun Jang
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han-Shin Kim
- Korean Peninsula Infrastructure Cooperation Team, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10223, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Young Ham
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Hoon Park
- Clean Innovation Technology Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Jeju-si, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Deung Park
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Jin T, Gao S, Xia H, Ding H. Reliability analysis for the fractional-order circuit system subject to the uncertain random fractional-order model with Caputo type. J Adv Res 2021; 32:15-26. [PMID: 34484822 PMCID: PMC8408334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the independent competing failure process of a RC system in an uncertain random environment. Continuous degradation of the system is subject to an uncertain fractional process. External shocks obey a random distribution given by real data. Two shock models that lead to hard failure are considered. Analytical express the system reliability and perform numerical simulations.
Introduction According to the competing failure theorem, the fractional-order Resistor Capacitance (RC) circuit system suffers not only from internal degradation but also from external shocks. However, due to the general differences of each failure type in the data availability and cognitive uncertainty, a better model is needed to describe the degradation process within the system. Also, a new reliability analysis method is needed for the circuit system under internal degradation and external shocks. Objectives To demonstrate this problem, this paper proposes a novel class of Caputo-type uncertain random fractional-order model that focuses on the reliability analysis of a fractional-order RC circuit system. Methods First, an uncertain Liu process is used to describe the internal degradation of soft faults and a stochastic process is used to describe the external random shocks of hard faults. Secondly, taking into account the correlation and competition among the fault types, an extreme shock model and a cumulative shock model are constructed, and chance theory is introduced to further explore the fault mechanisms, from which the corresponding reliability indices are derived. Finally, the predictor–corrector method is applied and numerical examples are given. Results This paper presents a reliability analysis of a fractional-order RC circuit system with internal failure obeying an uncertain process and external failure obeying a stochastic process, and gives the calculation of the reliability indexes for different cases and the corresponding numerical simulations. Conclusion A new competing failure model for a fractional-order RC circuit system is presented and analyzed for reliability, which is proved to be of practical importance by numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jin
- School of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu, China
| | - Shangce Gao
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi 930-8555, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Hongxuan Xia
- College of International Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Ding
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu, China
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10
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Ghaemi A, Zhian T, Pirzadeh B, Hashemi Monfared S, Mosavi A. Reliability-based design and implementation of crow search algorithm for longitudinal dispersion coefficient estimation in rivers. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:35971-35990. [PMID: 33683590 PMCID: PMC8277658 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The longitudinal dispersion coefficient (LDC) of river pollutants is considered as one of the prominent water quality parameters. In this regard, numerous research studies have been conducted in recent years, and various equations have been extracted based on hydrodynamic and geometric elements. LDC's estimated values obtained using different equations reveal a significant uncertainty due to this phenomenon's complexity. In the present study, the crow search algorithm (CSA) is applied to increase the equation's precision by employing evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR) to model an extensive amount of geometrical and hydraulic data. The results indicate that the CSA improves the performance of EPR in terms of R2 (0.8), Willmott's index of agreement (0.93), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (0.77), and overall index (0.84). In addition, the reliability analysis of the proposed equation (i.e., CSA) reduced the failure probability (Pf) when the value of the failure state containing 50 to 600 m2/s is increasing for the Pf determination using the Monte Carlo simulation. The best-fitted function for correct failure probability prediction was the power with R2 = 0.98 compared with linear and exponential functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ghaemi
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Zhian
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Pirzadeh
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Seyedarman Hashemi Monfared
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
- Water Security and Sustainable Development Hub, School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Amir Mosavi
- Faculty of Informatics, Selye Janos University, Komarom, 94501 Slovakia
- School of Economics and Business, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
- John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Obuda University, Budapest, 1034 Hungary
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11
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Abstract
The Ovako Working posture Assessment System (OWAS) is a commonly used observational assessment method for determining the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. OWAS claims to be suitable in the application for untrained persons but there is not enough evidence for this assumption. In this paper, inter-rater (inter-observer) reliability (agreement) is examined down to the level of individual postures and categories. For this purpose, the postures of 20 volunteers have been observed by 3 varying human raters in a laboratory setting and the inter-rater agreement against reference values was determined. A high agreement of over 98%(κ=0.98) was found for the postures of the arms but lower agreements were found for posture classification of the legs (66-97%,κ=0.85) and the upper body (80-96%,κ=0.85). No significant difference was found between raters with and without intense prior training in physical therapy. Consequently, the results confirm the general reliability of the OWAS method especially for raters with non-specialized background but suggests weaknesses in the reliable detection of a few particular postures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lins
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology IDMT, Division Hearing, Speech and Audio Technology, Marie-Curie-Straße 2, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 140, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Fudickar
- Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 140, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hein
- OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology, Escherweg 2, 26121, Oldenburg, Germany; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 140, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
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12
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Aryai V, Abbassi R, Abdussamie N, Salehi F, Garaniya V, Asadnia M, Baksh AA, Penesis I, Karampour H, Draper S, Magee A, Keng AK, Shearer C, Sivandran S, Yew LK, Cook D, Underwood M, Martini A, Heasman K, Abrahams J, Wang CM. Reliability of multi-purpose offshore-facilities: Present status and future direction in Australia. Process Saf Environ Prot 2021; 148:437-461. [PMID: 33071474 PMCID: PMC7553872 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable use of the ocean for food and energy production is an emerging area of research in different countries around the world. This goal is pursued by the Australian aquaculture, offshore engineering and renewable energy industries, research organisations and the government through the "Blue Economy Cooperative Research Centre". To address the challenges of offshore food and energy production, leveraging the benefits of co-location, vertical integration, infrastructure and shared services, will be enabled through the development of novel Multi-Purpose Offshore-Platforms (MPOP). The structural integrity of the designed systems when being deployed in the harsh offshore environment is one of the main challenges in developing the MPOPs. Employing structural reliability analysis methods for assessing the structural safety of the novel aquaculture-MPOPs comes with different limitations. This review aims at shedding light on these limitations and discusses the current status and future directions for structural reliability analysis of a novel aquaculture-MPOP considering Australia's unique environment. To achieve this aim, challenges which exist at different stages of reliability assessment, from data collection and uncertainty quantification to load and structural modelling and reliability analysis implementation, are discussed. Furthermore, several solutions to these challenges are proposed based on the existing knowledge in other sectors, and particularly from the offshore oil and gas industry. Based on the identified gaps in the review process, potential areas for future research are introduced to enable a safer and more reliable operation of the MPOPs.
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Key Words
- AI, Artificial intelligence
- AK-MCS, Active Learning Reliability Method with integrated Kriging and MCS
- ARENA, Australian Renewable Energy Agency
- AUV, Autonomous underwater vehicles
- Blue economy
- CBM, Condition-based monitoring
- CSIRO, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
- CSRV, Common source random variables
- EGRA, Efficient Global Reliability Analysis
- EMA, Experimental Modal Analysis
- FBG, Fibre Bragg Grating
- FDD, Frequency Domain Decomposition
- FE, Finite element
- FLNG, Floating Liquefied Natural Gas
- FMEA, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
- FORM, First Order Reliability Method
- FOWT, Floating offshore wind turbine
- FPSO, Floating structures for production, storage and offloading
- GI, Galvanised iron
- GIS, Geographic information system
- HDPE, High-Density Polyethylene
- IS, Importance Sampling
- LH, Latin Hypercube
- LS, Line Sampling
- MCS, Monte Carlo Simulation
- MEMS, Microelectromechanical systems
- MFS, Modular floating structures
- MOB, Mobile offshore base
- MPOP, Multi-Purpose Offshore-Platforms
- NARMAX, Non-linear Auto-Regressive Moving Average with exogenous inputs model
- NOAA, USA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- NWW3, NOAA Wave Watch III
- O&M, Operations and management
- OMA, Operational Modal Analysis
- OREDA, Off ;shore and Onshore Reliability Data database
- OWT, Offshore wind turbine
- Ocean multi-use
- Offshore platforms
- PE, Polyethylene
- PES, Polyurethane polyester
- PET, Polyethylene terephthalate
- PP, Polypropylene
- PSP, Pneumatically Stabilized Platform
- PVC, Polyvinyl Chloride
- QRS, Quantum Resistive Sensors
- RAMS, Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and Safety
- ROV, Remotely operated vehicles
- RSM, Response Surface Method
- Reliability analysis
- SCADA, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
- SES, Dragon and Seaweed Energy Solutions
- SHM, Structural health monitoring
- SORM, Second-Order Reliability Method
- SS, Subset Simulation
- SWAN, Simulating Waves Nearshore
- Structural integrity
- VLFS, Very large floating structure
- WEC, Wave energy converter
- WSE, Wave Swell Energy
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Aryai
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- National Centre for Maritime Engineering and Hydrodynamics, Australian Maritime College (AMC), University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Roquzbeh Abbassi
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nagi Abdussamie
- National Centre for Maritime Engineering and Hydrodynamics, Australian Maritime College (AMC), University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Salehi
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vikram Garaniya
- National Centre for Maritime Engineering and Hydrodynamics, Australian Maritime College (AMC), University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Al-Amin Baksh
- National Centre for Maritime Engineering and Hydrodynamics, Australian Maritime College (AMC), University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Irene Penesis
- National Centre for Maritime Engineering and Hydrodynamics, Australian Maritime College (AMC), University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Hassan Karampour
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Scott Draper
- School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Allan Magee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ang Kok Keng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | | | | | - Lim Kian Yew
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Denham Cook
- Seafood Production Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Port Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Mark Underwood
- Engineering and Technology, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Hobart, Hobart, Australia
| | - Andrew Martini
- Engineering and Technology, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Hobart, Hobart, Australia
| | | | | | - Chien-Ming Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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13
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Shalkamy A, Gargoum S, El-Basyouny K. Towards a more inclusive and safe design of horizontal curves: Exploring the association between curve features, reliability measures, and safety. Accid Anal Prev 2021; 153:106009. [PMID: 33581606 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reliability analysis has been advocated as a robust methodology to quantify the risk (known as the probability of non-compliance, Pnc) associated with design limitations such as insufficient sight distance on horizontal curves. This risk represents the probability that the current design (e.g., available sight distance) would fail to meet the requirements of the driving population (e.g., required sight distance). Although previous work has quantified the risk and established links between Pnc and safety, Pnc remains a statistical measure that is not informative enough to roadway designers. To overcome this limitation, the impacts of geometric design attributes on the Pnc as well as the direct and indirect (through the impacts on Pnc) impacts of those attributes on safety need to be modelled and understood. To achieve the aforementioned objective, this paper proposes the adoption of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to simultaneously model the relationships mentioned above using data collected on horizontal curves in Alberta, Canada. Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data was first used to extract curve information and assess the 3D available sight distance on 244 curved highway segments. Reliability analysis was then used to quantify the Pnc associated with each curved segment. SEM was then used to test the impacts of curve geometric and traffic attributes on Pnc as well as the direct and indirect impacts those variables have on collision frequency. The results showed that Pnc, curve length, and traffic volume all had statistically significant effects on collision frequency. Curve attributes such as the curve's deflection angle and chord length had statistically significant impacts on Pnc. Both curve deflection angle and the chord length were also found to have an indirect influence on collisions, which was mediated through Pnc. The findings emphasize the importance of considering other curve attributes when designing horizontal curves instead of focusing entirely on the curve radius. The findings of this research provide insights into the indirect impacts of curve attributes of horizontal curves on safety. This could help designers consider curve features that have the highest impacts on non-compliance and safety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Shalkamy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Suliman Gargoum
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Karim El-Basyouny
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada.
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14
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Cheng C, Zhu R, Thompson RG, Zhang L. Reliability analysis for multiple-stage solid waste management systems. Waste Manag 2021; 120:650-658. [PMID: 33243600 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Solid waste management (SWM) is a key issue for sustainable development and environment protection, and waste collection and transportation (WCT) is one of the most important steps in managing solid waste. A well-designed SWM system with optimised location and capacity of waste transfer stations (WTSs) and final disposal facilities (FDFs) plays a critical role in waste management. However, uncertainties are inevitable in a general SWM system, which could involve in any stage of the waste management. In this paper, we propose to use the reliability analysis method to manage the uncertainties for the multiple-stage SWM system. Furthermore, an optimisation model is developed to maximise the reliability of SWM systems by optimising the allocation of waste treatment demand between facilities. We also generated an event-tree to analyse the failure mode of the whole system. Finally, a case study was undertaken in Hong Kong to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology. The case study results indicate that the proposed method can: (i) estate the risk level of a SWM system, (ii) provide a solution to improve the system reliability or reduce the risk level, (iii) analyse the potential contributions of different policies on the reliability index, (iv) identify the critical facilities in a SWM system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Future Urban Mobility IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #09-02 CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Rui Zhu
- Future Urban Mobility IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #09-02 CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore.
| | - Russell G Thompson
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Lihai Zhang
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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15
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Shalkamy A, El-Basyouny K. Multivariate models to investigate the relationship between collision risk and reliability outcomes on horizontal curves. Accid Anal Prev 2020; 147:105745. [PMID: 32947175 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a reliability-based framework to address the risk associated with limitations in the Available Sight Distance (ASD) on curved highway segments considering a three-dimensional (3D) sight distance computation approach. To facilitate this assessment, the ASD on horizontal curves was evaluated and an accurate inventory of curve attribute information was generated using LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data in an automated and efficient manner. These datasets were then used to estimate the risk (probability of noncompliance, Pnc) associated with sight distance insufficiencies. Full Bayes multivariate Poisson log-normal safety performance functions were developed to relate the Pnc to the expected number of collisions. The results show that there was a statistically significant relationship between Pnc and collision frequency. There was also a significant correlation of 0.444 to 0.452 across collision severity levels indicating that curves with high Property-Damage-Only (PDO) collisions could be associated with higher injury and fatal (I + F) collisions. It was also found that Pnc had a greater impact on increasing PDO collisions than I + F collisions, suggesting that collisions associated with insufficient sight distance are likely to be less severe. The results of this analysis are expected to improve our understanding of the risks associated with deviations from design guidelines and quantitatively assess the safety margins due to these variations. The framework presented in this paper can be used to compare different design alternatives and investigate the influence of design deficiencies on collision occurrence across various severity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Shalkamy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9 Canada.
| | - Karim El-Basyouny
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9 Canada.
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Jairoun AA, Al-Hemyari SS, Shahwan M, El-Dahiyat F, Jamshed S. Scale validation for the identification of falsified hand sanitizer: public and regulatory authorities perspectives from United Arab Emirates. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1595. [PMID: 33092568 PMCID: PMC7579848 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the time of declaration of global pandemic of COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO), falsified hand sanitizers surfaced regularly in markets, posing possible harm to public due to unlisted inclusion of methanol. The current research is an attempt to develop and validate a tool to document falsified hand sanitizer in the UAE community. Method A descriptive cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among 1280 randomly selected participants. Respondents were sent a web-based electronic link to the survey via email. Content validity, factor analyses and known group validity were used to develop and validate a new scale to identify falsified hand sanitizer. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, item internal consistency (IIC), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess the reliability of the scale. SPSS version 24 was used to conduct data analysis. Results A total of 1280 participants were enrolled in the study. The content validity index (CVI) was 0.83 with the final scale of 12 items. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was 0.788, with the Bartlett test of sphericity achieving statistical significance (p < 0.001). Our factor analysis revealed a 3-component model. The 3-factor solution was confirmed by PCFA analysis and had associations with good fit values. The PCFA for NFI was 0.970, CFI 0.978, and TLI 0.967. All values were in excess of 0.95, with RMSEA values below 0.06 at 0.03; all of these values indicated a good model fit. The Cronbach’s alpha was good overall (0.867). All factors had a Cronbach’s alpha value in excess of 0.70. The instrument demonstrated that every item met the IIC correlation standard ≥0.40. The scale displayed good overall ICC statistics of 0.867 (95% CI 0.856–0.877) with statistical significance (p < 0.001). The scale’s test-retest reliability was assessed through correlation of the falsified hand sanitizer identification score of respondents at the two time points. The test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.770 (p value < 0.01). Participants with post-graduate education were more likely to identify the falsified hand sanitizer compared to those with high school education. (p < 0.001). Conclusions This study developed and validated a new scale for the measurement of falsified hand sanitizer. This is expected to improve and promote collaboration between the health regulators and the public and hereby encourage customer satisfaction and participation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moyad Shahwan
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | | | - Shazia Jamshed
- Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Besut Campus, uniSZA, Terengganu, Malaysia.,Pharmacy Practice, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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17
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Schafer P, Mehaidli A, Zekaj M, Padela MT, Rizvi SA, Chen C, Sayeed Z, Darwiche H. Assessing knee anatomy using Makoplasty software a case series of 99 knees. J Orthop 2020; 20:347-351. [PMID: 32684671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Role of MAKOplasty software in determining femoral neck version, distal-femoral resection angle, tibial axis difference, distal-femoral rotation, medial/lateral tibial slope, and tibial tubercle alignment has yet to be fully explored. Methods Preoperative CT scans and plain films of 99 patients were obtained for each patient according to predetermined MAKO-protocol by four observers. Reliability analyses (Cronbach's Alpha-test) was performed to determine agreement between raters for angle measures. Results Anatomic measurements were similar to previously published literature, and cronbachs'alpha analysis demonstrated agreement amidst all observers. Conclusion MAKOplasty software produces similar results to anatomic measurements in planning for TKA with good reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schafer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery- Adult Reconstruciton Division, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Ali Mehaidli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery- Adult Reconstruciton Division, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Mark Zekaj
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery- Adult Reconstruciton Division, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Muhammad T Padela
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery- Adult Reconstruciton Division, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Syed Ahmad Rizvi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery- Adult Reconstruciton Division, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Chaoyang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery- Adult Reconstruciton Division, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Zain Sayeed
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery- Adult Reconstruciton Division, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Hussein Darwiche
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery- Adult Reconstruciton Division, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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18
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Quattrini G, Pievani M, Jovicich J, Aiello M, Bargalló N, Barkhof F, Bartres-Faz D, Beltramello A, Pizzini FB, Blin O, Bordet R, Caulo M, Constantinides M, Didic M, Drevelegas A, Ferretti A, Fiedler U, Floridi P, Gros-Dagnac H, Hensch T, Hoffmann KT, Kuijer JP, Lopes R, Marra C, Müller BW, Nobili F, Parnetti L, Payoux P, Picco A, Ranjeva JP, Roccatagliata L, Rossini PM, Salvatore M, Schonknecht P, Schott BH, Sein J, Soricelli A, Tarducci R, Tsolaki M, Visser PJ, Wiltfang J, Richardson JC, Frisoni GB, Marizzoni M. Amygdalar nuclei and hippocampal subfields on MRI: Test-retest reliability of automated volumetry across different MRI sites and vendors. Neuroimage 2020; 218:116932. [PMID: 32416226 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amygdala and the hippocampus are two limbic structures that play a critical role in cognition and behavior, however their manual segmentation and that of their smaller nuclei/subfields in multicenter datasets is time consuming and difficult due to the low contrast of standard MRI. Here, we assessed the reliability of the automated segmentation of amygdalar nuclei and hippocampal subfields across sites and vendors using FreeSurfer in two independent cohorts of older and younger healthy adults. METHODS Sixty-five healthy older (cohort 1) and 68 younger subjects (cohort 2), from the PharmaCog and CoRR consortia, underwent repeated 3D-T1 MRI (interval 1-90 days). Segmentation was performed using FreeSurfer v6.0. Reliability was assessed using volume reproducibility error (ε) and spatial overlapping coefficient (DICE) between test and retest session. RESULTS Significant MRI site and vendor effects (p < .05) were found in a few subfields/nuclei for the ε, while extensive effects were found for the DICE score of most subfields/nuclei. Reliability was strongly influenced by volume, as ε correlated negatively and DICE correlated positively with volume size of structures (absolute value of Spearman's r correlations >0.43, p < 1.39E-36). In particular, volumes larger than 200 mm3 (for amygdalar nuclei) and 300 mm3 (for hippocampal subfields, except for molecular layer) had the best test-retest reproducibility (ε < 5% and DICE > 0.80). CONCLUSION Our results support the use of volumetric measures of larger amygdalar nuclei and hippocampal subfields in multisite MRI studies. These measures could be useful for disease tracking and assessment of efficacy in drug trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Quattrini
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Michela Pievani
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jorge Jovicich
- Center for Mind Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Núria Bargalló
- Department of Neuroradiology and Image Research Platform, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, UK
| | - David Bartres-Faz
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Beltramello
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS "Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria", Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca B Pizzini
- Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Olivier Blin
- Aix-Marseille University, UMR-INSERM 1106, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Regis Bordet
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM U 1106, 13005, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Mira Didic
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France; APHM, Timone, Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, Hôpital Timone Adultes, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Ute Fiedler
- Institutes and Clinics of the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Piero Floridi
- Perugia General Hospital, Neuroradiology Unit, Perugia, Italy
| | - Hélène Gros-Dagnac
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Tilman Hensch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Joost P Kuijer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renaud Lopes
- INSERM U1171, Neuroradiology Department, University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Camillo Marra
- Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernhard W Müller
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pierre Payoux
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Agnese Picco
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Roccatagliata
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Health Science (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo M Rossini
- Dept. Neuroscience & Rehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele-Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Peter Schonknecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Julien Sein
- CRMBM-CEMEREM, UMR 7339, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Magda Tsolaki
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pieter J Visser
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jill C Richardson
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Memory Clinic and LANVIE-Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Moira Marizzoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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Luo P, Liu F, Zhang S, Li H, Chen X, Huang X, Xiao R, Wu J. Nitrogen removal performance and needed area estimation of surface-flow constructed wetlands using a probabilistic approach. J Environ Manage 2020; 255:109881. [PMID: 31778870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pollutant concentrations in influents into constructed wetlands (CWs) are highly fluctuating and may vary over several orders of magnitude, leading to large uncertainties in removal performance assessment when using pollutant concentrations in the influent and effluent directly. Incorporating a probabilistic approach into removal performance assessment and needed area estimation of CWs could advantage decision making regarding wastewater treatment and engineering applications. A series of three-stage surface-flow CWs (SFCWs) were constructed for treating ammonium-rich swine wastewater. The surface removal rate and removal efficiency of ammonium nitrogen in the SFCWs using the probabilistic approach were 0.27-3.23 g m-2 d-1 and 43.0-99.9% (95% confidence interval (CI)), which were consistent with the deterministic approach (95% CI: 0.24-3.18 g m-2 d-1 and 70.4-99.9%). The needed SFCW area was estimated as 6.6 (95% CI: 1.4-17.8) to 29.7 (95% CI: 6.4-80.1) m2 for required removal efficiency from 40% to 90% for 0.18 m3 d-1 swine wastewater with different strengthens. For specific removal efficiency of 90%, the needed CW areas was 13.9 (95%CI: 4.9-42.7), 25.1 (95%CI: 5.9-66.0), 33.5 (95%CI: 13.5-87.1), and 40.8 (95%CI: 16.2-89.4) m2 for influent ammonium loading rate of 0.18-2.7, 2.7-14.4, 14.4-36, and 36-60 g d-1, respectively. The first-order removal constant of ammonium nitrogen decreased logarithmically with increasing influent and effluent concentration/loading rate in the SFCW units (p < 0.001), which was responsible for the needed SFCW areas covering a wide range. The reliability analysis confirmed the results from the probabilistic approach were appropriate. The present study shed new lights on the performance evaluation and design of CWs for treating wastewater with highly-fluctuating concentrations using a probabilistic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Shunan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Hongfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinxing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Runlin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Dhahir B, Hassan Y. Probabilistic, safety-explicit design of horizontal curves on two-lane rural highways based on reliability analysis of naturalistic driving data. Accid Anal Prev 2019; 123:200-210. [PMID: 30529408 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The high collision rates on horizontal curves compared to other roadway elements make them one of the most critical elements in a transportation network. In this regard, it is important to develop models to predict the safety performance of the horizontal curves. A considerable number of studies have been conducted to develop safety performance functions based on several concepts such as geometric characteristics, design consistency, reliability analysis, and comfort threshold. However, these models do not account for all horizontal curve design criteria or consider several cases such as driving in adverse weather conditions or on pavement of low available friction. This paper develops a probabilistic, safety explicit approach of horizontal curve design using reliability analysis of four design criteria: vehicle stability, driver comfort, sight distance, and vehicle rollover. Two situations were considered in the analysis: driving in clear weather (dry pavement) and raining weather (wet pavement) to develop safety performance functions for annual and five-year collision frequency. Four types of regression models, Poisson, negative binomial, zero-inflated Poisson, and zero-inflated negative binomial, were used in the analysis. The AIC, BIC, and Vuong test were used in evaluating the developed models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Dhahir
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S5B6, Canada.
| | - Yasser Hassan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S5B6, Canada.
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21
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Mahato DP, Singh RS. Load balanced scheduling and reliability modeling of grid transaction processing system using colored Petri nets. ISA Trans 2019; 84:225-236. [PMID: 30342814 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
On-demand computing is a popular enterprise model in which the computing resources are made available to the users as needed. On-demand computing based transaction processing system which has grown rapidly in recent years is an information processing system with the stringent requirements of resources to meet the fluctuating demands. Concepts such as grid computing, utility computing, autonomic computing, and adaptive management seem very similar to the concept of on-demand computing. When demands of resources fluctuate, the system needs load balancing for the efficient utilization of the computational resources. Furthermore, scheduling is needed to assign the transactions to the appropriate resources. Thus, modeling of load balanced scheduling along with reliability analysis for this system is a challenging task. This paper presents the load balanced scheduling and reliability modeling in such an environment by using colored Petri nets (CPNs). CPNs which combine Petri nets with programming languages is a powerful modeling technique. The proposed CPN-based modeling pattern formally describes the process of transaction distribution and execution within the on-demand computing environment. Moreover, the CPN-based model uses the hierarchical modeling capability of CPNs, including different levels of abstraction (sub-modules). This helps easily handling and extending the model. Since, on-demand computing based transaction processing system executes a number of concurrent transactions. The CPN-based model is extended to express the concurrency, thus improving the reliability results. This paper takes the example of grid transaction processing (GTP) system with the problem of load balanced scheduling modeling and reliability evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi Shankar Singh
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Par M, Tarle Z, Hickel R, Ilie N. Mechanical properties of experimental composites containing bioactive glass after artificial aging in water and ethanol. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:2733-2741. [PMID: 30361794 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of bioactive glass 45S5 (BG) in experimental composites on flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), modulus of resilience (MR), and material reliability after artificial aging in water for 1, 7, and 30 days, and an additional accelerated aging for 3 days in a 75 vol% ethanol-water solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five experimental light-curable composites were prepared with 0-40 wt% of BG and a total filler load of 70 wt%. The resinous matrix was Bis-GMA/TEGDMA in 60:40 by weight. Mechanical properties were evaluated using a three-point bending test (ISO/DIN 4049:1998) with n = 20. Weibull statistics were used to assess material reliability. Additionally, the degree of conversion (DC) was assessed 24 h post-cure using FT-Raman spectroscopy. RESULTS FS and FM decreased linearly as the amount of BG was increased. The ISO 4049 requirement for a minimum FS of 80 MPa was fulfilled in experimental composites with up to 20 wt% of BG. Degradation of FS and FM with artificial aging was more extensive in materials with higher BG amounts. MR decreased as a function of BG amount and artificial aging. Material reliability (Weibull modulus) was stable through aging for composites with up to 10 wt% of BG. DC was negatively influenced by the BG amount and ranged from 64 to 81%. CONCLUSION Increasing the amount of unsilanized BG fillers from 0 to 40 wt% resulted in a progressive decline in mechanical properties and a more extensive degradation during artificial aging. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bioactive fillers diminished the mechanical properties in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Augusta Cesarca 10, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Augusta Cesarca 10, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicoleta Ilie
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, Munich, Germany
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Harvey JL, Demetriou L, McGonigle J, Wall MB. A short, robust brain activation control task optimised for pharmacological fMRI studies. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5540. [PMID: 30221091 PMCID: PMC6138041 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a popular method for examining pharmacological effects on the brain; however, the BOLD response is dependent on intact neurovascular coupling, and potentially modulated by a number of physiological factors. Pharmacological fMRI is therefore vulnerable to confounding effects of pharmacological probes on general physiology or neurovascular coupling. Controlling for such non-specific effects in pharmacological fMRI studies is therefore an important consideration, and there is an additional need for well-validated fMRI task paradigms that could be used to control for such effects, or for general testing purposes. METHODS We have developed two variants of a standardized control task that are short (5 minutes duration) simple (for both the subject and experimenter), widely applicable, and yield a number of readouts in a spatially diverse set of brain networks. The tasks consist of four functionally discrete three-second trial types (plus additional null trials) and contain visual, auditory, motor and cognitive (eye-movements, and working memory tasks in the two task variants) stimuli. Performance of the tasks was assessed in a group of 15 subjects scanned on two separate occasions, with test-retest reliability explicitly assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients. RESULTS Both tasks produced robust patterns of brain activation in the expected brain regions, and region of interest-derived reliability coefficients for the tasks were generally high, with four out of eight task conditions rated as 'excellent' or 'good', and only one out of eight rated as 'poor'. Median values in the voxel-wise reliability measures were also >0.7 for all task conditions, and therefore classed as 'excellent' or 'good'. The spatial concordance between the most highly activated voxels and those with the highest reliability coefficients was greater for the sensory (auditory, visual) conditions than the other (motor, cognitive) conditions. DISCUSSION Either of the two task variants would be suitable for use as a control task in future pharmacological fMRI studies or for any other investigation where a short, reliable, basic task paradigm is required. Stimulus code is available online for re-use by the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica-Lily Harvey
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lysia Demetriou
- Invicro Ltd., London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John McGonigle
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Perspectum Diagnostics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew B. Wall
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Invicro Ltd., London, United Kingdom
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Cenni F, Schless SH, Monari D, Bar-On L, Aertbeliën E, Bruyninckx H, Hanssen B, Desloovere K. An innovative solution to reduce muscle deformation during ultrasonography data collection. J Biomech 2018; 77:194-200. [PMID: 29935732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3D freehand ultrasound enables the creation of volumetric data. The acquisition of morphological features, such as muscle volume, is influenced by the variations in force applied to the skin with the ultrasound probe. To minimise the deformations, a concave-shaped plastic mount combined with a custom-shaped gel pad was developed for the ultrasound head, named Portico. This study analyses to what extent the Portico reduces muscle deformation and corresponding errors in estimating muscle volume. METHOD Twenty medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles were assessed (10 from typically developing children; 10 from children with spastic cerebral palsy). Two repetitions were acquired in each of the following approaches: (1) with the lower leg submerged in a water tank as a non-deformed reference; (2) probe-on-skin (PoS) as the conventional approach and (3) the newly introduced Portico. PoS and Portico data were registered with respect to the ones corresponding in a water tank. An in-house software package (Py3DFreeHandUS) was used to process the data and MG volume was estimated using MeVisLab. The minimal detectable change (MDC) was calculated. RESULTS With respect to the PoS approach, the Portico reduced muscle deformation by 46%. For both the typically developing and spastic cerebral palsy cohorts, lower MDCs were found when using the Portico. DISCUSSION Despite the improvements, the Portico did not yield statistically more reliable MG volume estimations than the traditional PoS approach. Further improvement can be attained by optimising the fit between the gel pad and the curvature of the limb, using a larger choice of Portico geometries.
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Fetz K, Vogt H, Ostermann T, Schmitz A, Schulz-Quach C. Evaluation of the palliative symptom burden score (PSBS) in a specialised palliative care unit of a university medical centre - a longitudinal study. BMC Palliat Care 2018; 17:92. [PMID: 29981577 PMCID: PMC6035799 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-018-0342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The implementation of standardised, valid and reliable measurements in palliative care is subject to practical and methodological challenges. One aspect of ongoing discussion is the value of systematic proxy-based assessment of symptom burden in palliative care. In 2011, an expert-developed proxy-based instrument for the assessment of symptom burden in palliative patients, the Palliative Symptom Burden Score (PSBS), was implemented at the Specialised Palliative Care Unit of the University Medical Centre in Dusseldorf, Germany. The present study investigated its feasibility, acceptance and psychometric properties. Methods The PSBS was rated by nursing staff three times a day over 5 years (N = 820 patients). Feasibility and nurses’ acceptance of PSBS were analysed. Structural validity was investigated by principal component analysis. Construct validity was examined via cross-validation with the Hospice and Palliative Care Evaluation checklist. Discriminative validity of the PSBS was analysed by means of Kruskal-Wallis test of patients’ performance score. Reliability of the PSBS was evaluated by internal consistency analysis, test-retest and split-half-reliability. Inter-rater reliability was investigated by observer agreement of nurses’ ratings of symptom burden within a day. Sensitivity to change was analysed by Wilcoxon test with repeated measures of the PSBS before and after palliative complex treatment. Results A high degree of acceptance and the feasibility of a high-frequency proxy-based symptom burden assessment approach were demonstrated. There were low rates of missing values and no indications of the adoption of prior ratings. PSBS in its present form demonstrates good structural and construct validity (rs = .27–.79, p’s < .001) and high sensitivity to changes in symptom burden (p’s < .01, except sweating), but unsatisfactory reliability (α = .41–.67; test-retest: rs = .30–.88; p’s < .001; split-half: rs = .69; p < .001; inter-rater: n.s.). Conclusions The study presents a framework for the post hoc validation of an already existing documentation tool in palliative care. This study supports the notion that PSBS might not be reflective of an overall construct and will therefore require further development and critical comparison to other already established symptom burden instruments in palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Fetz
- Chair of Research Methodology and Statistics in Psychology, Department of Psychology & Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Vogt
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Palliative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Ostermann
- Chair of Research Methodology and Statistics in Psychology, Department of Psychology & Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitz
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Palliative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz-Quach
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience; Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,St. Christopher's Hospice, London, UK
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Ling SKK, Chan V, Ho K, Ling F, Lui TH. Reliability and validity analysis of the open-source Chinese Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). Foot (Edinb) 2018; 35:48-51. [PMID: 29787992 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Develop the first reliable and validated open-source outcome scoring system in the Chinese language for foot and ankle problems. METHODS Translation of the English FAOS into Chinese following regular protocols. First, two forward-translations were created separately, these were then combined into a preliminary version by an expert committee, and was subsequently back-translated into English. The process was repeated until the original and back translations were congruent. This version was then field tested on actual patients who provided feedback for modification. The final Chinese FAOS version was then tested for reliability and validity. Reliability analysis was performed on 20 subjects while validity analysis was performed on 50 subjects. Tools used to validate the Chinese FAOS were the SF36 and Pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Internal consistency between the FAOS subgroups was measured using Cronbach's alpha. Spearman's correlation was calculated between each subgroup in the FAOS, SF36 and NRS. RESULTS The Chinese FAOS passed both reliability and validity testing; meaning it is reliable, internally consistent and correlates positively with the SF36 and the NRS. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The Chinese FAOS is a free, open-source scoring system that can be used to provide a relatively standardised outcome measure for foot and ankle studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K K Ling
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, North District Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Vincent Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, North District Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Karen Ho
- Private Practice, Room 1510-1512, Prince's Building, 10 Chater Road, Central, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Fona Ling
- Freelance, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - T H Lui
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, North District Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Montanher T, Neumaier A, Domes F. A computational study of global optimization solvers on two trust region subproblems. J Glob Optim 2018; 71:915-934. [PMID: 30956397 PMCID: PMC6417392 DOI: 10.1007/s10898-018-0649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the relevant research topics to which Chris Floudas contributed was quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP). This paper considers one of the simplest hard cases of QCQP, the two trust region subproblem (TTRS). In this case, one needs to minimize a quadratic function constrained by the intersection of two ellipsoids. The Lagrangian dual of the TTRS is a semidefinite program (SDP) and this result has been extensively used to solve the problem efficiently. We focus on numerical aspects of branch-and-bound solvers with three goals in mind. We provide (i) a detailed analysis of the ability of state-of-the-art solvers to complete the global search for a solution, (ii) a quantitative approach for measuring the cluster effect on each solver and (iii) a comparison between the branch-and-bound and the SDP approaches. We perform the numerical experiments on a set of 212 challenging problems provided by Kurt Anstreicher. Our findings indicate that SDP relaxations and branch-and-bound have orthogonal difficulties, thus pointing to a possible benefit of a combined method. The following solvers were selected for the experiments: Antigone 1.1, Baron 16.12.7, Lindo Global 10.0, Couenne 0.5 and SCIP 3.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Montanher
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnold Neumaier
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ferenc Domes
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Cenni F, Schless SH, Bar-On L, Aertbeliën E, Bruyninckx H, Hanssen B, Desloovere K. Reliability of a clinical 3D freehand ultrasound technique: Analyses on healthy and pathological muscles. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2018; 156:97-103. [PMID: 29428080 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE 3D freehand Ultrasonography is a medical imaging technique that can be used to measure muscle and tendon morphological and structural properties, including volume, lengths and echo-intensity. These properties are clinically relevant in neurological disorders such as spastic cerebral palsy to monitor disease progression and evaluate the effect of treatment. This study presents a methodology for extracting these parameters along with a clinical reliability analysis for the data acquisition and processing. METHODS The medial gastrocnemius muscles and Achilles tendon of 10 typically developing children and 10 children with spastic cerebral palsy were assessed. An open-source in-house software library developed in Python (Py3DFreeHandUS) was used to reconstruct, into one 3D data set, the data simultaneously acquired from an US machine and a motion tracking system. US images were manually segmented and linearly interpolated by means of a new simplified approach which involved sequentially decreasing the total number of images used for muscle border segmentation from 100% to 5%. Acquisition and processing reliability was defined based on repeated measures from different data processers and from different data acquirers, respectively. RESULTS When only 10% of the US images were outlined, there was an average underestimation of muscle volume of 1.1% and 1.6% with respect the computation of all the available images, for the typically developing and spastic cerebral palsy groups, respectively. For both groups, the reliability was higher for data processing than for data acquisition. High inter-class correlation coefficient values were found for processing and acquisition reliability, with worst case values of 0.89 and 0.61, respectively. The standard error of measurement, expressed as a percentage of the average volumes, was smaller than 2.6 ml (4.8%) in all cases. CONCLUSIONS The present analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of applying 3D freehand ultrasonography in a clinical setting for analysing healthy and pathological paediatric muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cenni
- KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 300b, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Hospital, Pellenberg, Weligerveld 1, 3212 Pellenberg, Belgium.
| | - Simon-Henri Schless
- Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Hospital, Pellenberg, Weligerveld 1, 3212 Pellenberg, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lynn Bar-On
- Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Hospital, Pellenberg, Weligerveld 1, 3212 Pellenberg, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erwin Aertbeliën
- KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 300b, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Herman Bruyninckx
- KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 300b, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Britta Hanssen
- Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Hospital, Pellenberg, Weligerveld 1, 3212 Pellenberg, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat Desloovere
- Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Hospital, Pellenberg, Weligerveld 1, 3212 Pellenberg, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Essa M, Sayed T, Hussein M. Multi-mode reliability-based design of horizontal curves. Accid Anal Prev 2016; 93:124-134. [PMID: 27180287 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, reliability analysis has been advocated as an effective approach to account for uncertainty in the geometric design process and to evaluate the risk associated with a particular design. In this approach, a risk measure (e.g. probability of noncompliance) is calculated to represent the probability that a specific design would not meet standard requirements. The majority of previous applications of reliability analysis in geometric design focused on evaluating the probability of noncompliance for only one mode of noncompliance such as insufficient sight distance. However, in many design situations, more than one mode of noncompliance may be present (e.g. insufficient sight distance and vehicle skidding at horizontal curves). In these situations, utilizing a multi-mode reliability approach that considers more than one failure (noncompliance) mode is required. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the application of multi-mode (system) reliability analysis to the design of horizontal curves. The process is demonstrated by a case study of Sea-to-Sky Highway located between Vancouver and Whistler, in southern British Columbia, Canada. Two noncompliance modes were considered: insufficient sight distance and vehicle skidding. The results show the importance of accounting for several noncompliance modes in the reliability model. The system reliability concept could be used in future studies to calibrate the design of various design elements in order to achieve consistent safety levels based on all possible modes of noncompliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Essa
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Tarek Sayed
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Mohamed Hussein
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Jalayer M, Zhou H. Evaluating the safety risk of roadside features for rural two-lane roads using reliability analysis. Accid Anal Prev 2016; 93:101-112. [PMID: 27177395 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The severity of roadway departure crashes mainly depends on the roadside features, including the sideslope, fixed-object density, offset from fixed objects, and shoulder width. Common engineering countermeasures to improve roadside safety include: cross section improvements, hazard removal or modification, and delineation. It is not always feasible to maintain an object-free and smooth roadside clear zone as recommended in design guidelines. Currently, clear zone width and sideslope are used to determine roadside hazard ratings (RHRs) to quantify the roadside safety of rural two-lane roadways on a seven-point pictorial scale. Since these two variables are continuous and can be treated as random, probabilistic analysis can be applied as an alternative method to address existing uncertainties. Specifically, using reliability analysis, it is possible to quantify roadside safety levels by treating the clear zone width and sideslope as two continuous, rather than discrete, variables. The objective of this manuscript is to present a new approach for defining the reliability index for measuring roadside safety on rural two-lane roads. To evaluate the proposed approach, we gathered five years (2009-2013) of Illinois run-off-road (ROR) crash data and identified the roadside features (i.e., clear zone widths and sideslopes) of 4500 300ft roadway segments. Based on the obtained results, we confirm that reliability indices can serve as indicators to gauge safety levels, such that the greater the reliability index value, the lower the ROR crash rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jalayer
- Research Associate at Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation (CAIT), Rutgers University, 100 Brett Rd, Piscataway Township, NJ 08854, United States.
| | - Huaguo Zhou
- Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5337, United States.
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Cafiso S, D'Agostino C. Assessing the stochastic variability of the Benefit-Cost ratio in roadway safety management. Accid Anal Prev 2016; 93:189-197. [PMID: 27208591 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Road Agencies set quantitative targets and adopt related road safety strategies within the priorities and the available resources at the time of an economic crisis. In this framework, benefit-cost analyses (BCA) are carried out to support the decision making process and alternative measures are ranked according to their expected benefit and benefit-cost ratio calculated using a Safety Performance Function (SPF) and Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) as predictors of future safety performances. Due to the variance of CMFs and crash frequency we are uncertain what the benefits of some future actions will be. The chance of making wrong decisions depends on the size of the standard deviation of the probability distribution of the considered stochastic variables. To deal with the uncertainty inherent in the decision making process, a reliability based assessment of benefits must be performed introducing a stochastic approach. In the paper the variability of the CMFs, the predicted number of crashes and the crash costs are taken into account in a reliability based BCA to address improvements and issues of an accurate probabilistic approach when compared to the deterministic results or other approximated procedures. A case study is presented comparing different safety countermeasures selected to reduce crash frequency and severity on sharp curves in motorways. These measures include retrofitting of old safety barriers, delineation systems and shoulder rumble strips. The methodology was applied using the Monte Carlo simulations to calculate the probability of failure of BCA statements. Results and comparisons with alternative approaches, like the one proposed in the HSM, are presented showing remarkable differences in the evaluation of outcomes which can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Cafiso
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Carmelo D'Agostino
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy.
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Arana E, Kovacs FM, Royuela A, Asenjo B, Pérez-Ramírez Ú, Zamora J. Spine Instability Neoplastic Score: agreement across different medical and surgical specialties. Spine J 2016; 16:591-9. [PMID: 26471708 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Spinal instability is an acknowledged complication of spinal metastases; in spite of recent suggested criteria, it is not clearly defined in the literature. PURPOSE This study aimed to assess intra and interobserver agreement when using the Spine Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) by all physicians involved in its management. STUDY DESIGN Independent multicenter reliability study for the recently created SINS, undertaken with a panel of medical oncologists, neurosurgeons, radiologists, orthopedic surgeons, and radiation oncologists, was carried out. PATIENT SAMPLE Ninety patients with biopsy-proven spinal metastases and magnetic resonance imaging, reviewed at the multidisciplinary tumor board of our institution, were included. OUTCOME MEASURES Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for SINS score agreement. Fleiss kappa statistic was used to assess agreement on the location of the most affected vertebral level; agreement on the SINS category ("stable," "potentially stable," or "unstable"); and overall agreement with the classification established by tumor board. METHODS Clinical data and imaging were provided to 83 specialists in 44 hospitals across 14 Spanish regions. No assessment criteria were pre-established. Each clinician assessed the SINS score twice, with a minimum 6-week interval. Clinicians were blinded to assessments made by other specialists and to their own previous assessment. Subgroup analyses were performed by clinicians' specialty, experience (≤7, 8-13, ≥14 years), and hospital category (four levels according to size and complexity). This study was supported by Kovacs Foundation. RESULTS Intra and interobserver agreement on the location of the most affected levels was "almost perfect" (κ>0.94). Intra-observer agreement on the SINS score was "excellent" (ICC=0.77), whereas interobserver agreement was "moderate" (ICC=0.55). Intra-observer agreement in SINS category was "substantial" (k=0.61), whereas interobserver agreement was "moderate" (k=0.42). Overall agreement with the tumor board classification was "substantial" (κ=0.61). Results were similar across specialties, years of experience, and hospital category. CONCLUSIONS Agreement on the assessment of metastatic spine instability is moderate. The SINS can help improve communication among clinicians in oncology care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estanislao Arana
- Department of Radiology, Valencian Oncology Institute Foundation, C/ Beltrán Báguena, 19, 46009 Valencia, Spain; Research Institute in Health Services Foundation, C/ San Vicente,112, 3, 46007 Valencia, Spain; Spanish Back Pain Research Network, Kovacs Foundation, Paseo de Mallorca 36, 07012 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Francisco M Kovacs
- Spanish Back Pain Research Network, Kovacs Foundation, Paseo de Mallorca 36, 07012 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Scientific Department, Kovacs Foundation, Paseo de Mallorca 36, 07012 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana Royuela
- Spanish Back Pain Research Network, Kovacs Foundation, Paseo de Mallorca 36, 07012 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS. Ctra. Colmenar Km. 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Asenjo
- Spanish Back Pain Research Network, Kovacs Foundation, Paseo de Mallorca 36, 07012 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Department of Radiology, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Avda Carlos Haya s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Úrsula Pérez-Ramírez
- Spanish Back Pain Research Network, Kovacs Foundation, Paseo de Mallorca 36, 07012 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, CPI Building (8E), F access, 1st floor, Cami de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Zamora
- Spanish Back Pain Research Network, Kovacs Foundation, Paseo de Mallorca 36, 07012 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS. Ctra. Colmenar Km. 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain; Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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Jones J, Chang NB, Wanielista MP. Reliability analysis of nutrient removal from stormwater runoff with green sorption media under varying influent conditions. Sci Total Environ 2015; 502:434-447. [PMID: 25278294 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To support nutrient removal, various stormwater treatment technologies have been developed via the use of green materials, such as sawdust, tire crumbs, sand, clay, sulfur, and limestone, as typical constituents of filter media mixes. These materials aid in the physiochemical sorption and precipitation of orthophosphates as well as in the biological transformation of ammonia, nitrates and nitrites. However, these processes are dependent upon influent conditions such as hydraulic residence time, influent orthophosphate concentrations, and other chemical species present in the inflow. This study aims to compare the physiochemical removal of orthophosphate by isotherm and column tests under differing influent conditions to realize the reliability of orthophosphate removal process with the aid of green sorption media. The green sorption media of interest in this study is composed of a 5:2:2:1 (by volume) mixture of cement sand, tire crumb, fine expanded clay, and limestone. Scenarios of manipulating the hydraulic residence time of the water from 18 min and 60 min, the influent dissolved phosphorus concentrations of 1.0 mg·L(-1) and 0.5 mg·L(-1), and influent water types of distilled and pond water, were all investigated in the column tests. Experimental data were compared with the outputs from the Thomas Model based on orthophosphate removal to shed light on the equilibrium condition versus kinetic situation. With ANOVA tests, significant differences were confirmed between the experimental data sets of the breakthrough curves in the column tests. SEM imaging analysis helps to deepen the understanding of pore structures and pore networks of meta-materials being used in the green sorption media. Life expectancy curves derived from the output of Thomas Model may be applicable for future system design of engineering processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Jones
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.
| | - Ni-Bin Chang
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.
| | - Martin P Wanielista
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.
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Campos M, Urrutia J, Zamora T, Román J, Canessa V, Borghero Y, Palma A, Molina M. The Spine Instability Neoplastic Score: an independent reliability and reproducibility analysis. Spine J 2014; 14:1466-9. [PMID: 24275615 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic vertebral instability has not yet been clearly defined in the literature; there still exists a paucity of reliable criteria to assess the risk of vertebral collapse. PURPOSE We performed an independent interobserver and intraobserver agreement evaluation of the Spine Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) and correlated the score with selected clinical cases and the treatment they received. STUDY DESIGN Independent reliability study for the newly created SINS. PATIENT SAMPLE Thirty patients who underwent either radiotherapy alone or surgery followed by radiotherapy were randomly selected from the orthopedic surgery and radiotherapy department's databases. OUTCOME MEASURES Patients were rated and classified for spinal stability using SINS. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Fleiss's kappa measures were occupied for reliability analysis. METHODS Patients who underwent either radiotherapy alone or surgery followed by radiotherapy were randomly selected and classified for spinal stability using the SINS by orthopedic surgeons and nonorthopedic oncology specialists. ICC and Fleiss's kappa were calculated for inter- and intraobserver agreement. A comparative analysis of SINS and the actual management was also conducted. RESULTS Interobserver ICC reliability for the SINS was 0.79; κ values for location, pain, bone quality, alignment, vertebral body collapse, and posterolateral involvement were 0.81, 0.58, 0.21, 0.45, 0.42, and 0.29 respectively. Intraobserver ICC for the SINS scores was 0.96; ICC values for the same components were 0.98, 0.98, 0.87, 0.88, 0.92, and 0.86, respectively. Potentially unstable lesions (SINS score≥7) were operated on in 62.5%. CONCLUSIONS SINS seem to be a reproducible tool that could be used equally by multiple specialists to estimate metastatic vertebral stability; however, prospective clinical validation is still pending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Campos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 352, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Julio Urrutia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 352, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomás Zamora
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 352, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Román
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 352, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Canessa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 352, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yerko Borghero
- Radiotherapy Service, Hemato-oncology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 319, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Palma
- Palliative Medicine Service, Internal Medicine Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Lira 63, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Molina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 352, Santiago, Chile
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