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Song YM, Jeong J, de Los Reyes AA, Lim D, Cho CH, Yeom JW, Lee T, Lee JB, Lee HJ, Kim JK. Causal dynamics of sleep, circadian rhythm, and mood symptoms in patients with major depression and bipolar disorder: insights from longitudinal wearable device data. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105094. [PMID: 38579366 PMCID: PMC11002811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions are common in patients with mood disorders. The intricate relationship between these disruptions and mood has been investigated, but their causal dynamics remain unknown. METHODS We analysed data from 139 patients (76 female, mean age = 23.5 ± 3.64 years) with mood disorders who participated in a prospective observational study in South Korea. The patients wore wearable devices to monitor sleep and engaged in smartphone-delivered ecological momentary assessment of mood symptoms. Using a mathematical model, we estimated their daily circadian phase based on sleep data. Subsequently, we obtained daily time series for sleep/circadian phase estimates and mood symptoms spanning >40,000 days. We analysed the causal relationship between the time series using transfer entropy, a non-linear causal inference method. FINDINGS The transfer entropy analysis suggested causality from circadian phase disturbance to mood symptoms in both patients with MDD (n = 45) and BD type I (n = 35), as 66.7% and 85.7% of the patients with a large dataset (>600 days) showed causality, but not in patients with BD type II (n = 59). Surprisingly, no causal relationship was suggested between sleep phase disturbances and mood symptoms. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that in patients with mood disorders, circadian phase disturbances directly precede mood symptoms. This underscores the potential of targeting circadian rhythms in digital medicine, such as sleep or light exposure interventions, to restore circadian phase and thereby manage mood disorders effectively. FUNDING Institute for Basic Science, the Human Frontiers Science Program Organization, the National Research Foundation of Korea, and the Ministry of Health & Welfare of South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Min Song
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Mathematics Group, Pioneer Research Center for Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaegwon Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Aurelio A de Los Reyes
- Biomedical Mathematics Group, Pioneer Research Center for Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea; Institute of Mathematics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Dongju Lim
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Mathematics Group, Pioneer Research Center for Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Yeom
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Lee
- Division of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Been Lee
- Division of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Kyoung Kim
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Mathematics Group, Pioneer Research Center for Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea.
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Matsui M, Ishii K, Suzuki K, Togashi K. Chronotype and emotional/behavioral problems mediate the association between leisure screen time and academic achievement in children. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:513-520. [PMID: 38380819 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2320231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Leisure screen time is associated with poor academic achievement; however, the mechanism underlying this relationship is unclear. Chronotypes and emotional/behavioral problems may be linked to this association. This study aimed to examine the associations between leisure screen time, chronotype, emotional/behavioral problems, and academic achievement using mediation analysis. A total of 113 children aged 9-12 years participated in this study. All participants were assessed for leisure screen time, chronotype, emotional/behavioral problems, and academic achievement. Leisure screen time was evaluated using a self-reported questionnaire. Chronotypes were measured using The Japanese Children's Chronotype Questionnaire, and the morningness/eveningness (M/E) score was calculated. Emotional/behavioral problems were assessed using The Japanese Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the total difficulties score (TDS) was calculated. Academic achievement was assessed by the homeroom teacher for each of the seven school subjects. Partial correlation analysis adjusted for grade, sex, and sleep duration indicated that leisure screen time was associated with M/E scores and academic achievement (p < 0.05). There was a positive association between M/E score and TDS (p < 0.05) and a negative association between TDS and academic achievement (p < 0.05). A mediation analysis adjusted for grade, sex, and sleep duration was performed. There was a significant total effect of leisure screen time on academic achievement (p < 0.05). Additionally, the M/E score and TDS significantly mediated the association between leisure screen time and academic achievement (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that the serial path between chronotype and emotional/behavioral problems weakly but significantly mediates the association of leisure screen time with academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Matsui
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kaori Ishii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
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Yaodong C, Zhang Y, Feng G, Lei Y, Liu Q, Liu Y. Light therapy for sleep disturbance comorbid depression in relation to neural circuits and interactive hormones-A systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286569. [PMID: 37768984 PMCID: PMC10538739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To provide an overview of the evidence on the effect of light therapy on sleep disturbance and depression, identify the light-active neural and hormonal correlates of the effect of light therapy on sleep disturbance comorbid depression (SDCD), and construct the mechanism by which light therapy alleviates SDCD. METHODS Articles published between 1981 and 2021 in English were accessed using Science Direct, Elsevier, and Google Scholar following a three-step searching process via evolved keywords. The evidence level, reliability, and credibility of the literature were evaluated using the evidence pyramid method, which considers the article type, impact factor, and journal citation report (JCR) partition. RESULTS A total of 372 articles were collected, of which 129 articles fit the inclusion criteria and 44% were at the top of the evidence pyramid hierarchy; 50% were in the first quarter of the JCR partitions. 114 articles provided specific neural and hormonal evidence of light therapy and were further divided into three groups: 37% were related to circadian regulation circuits, 27% were related to emotional regulation circuits, and 36% were related to hormones. CONCLUSIONS First, neural and hormonal light-active pathways for alleviating sleep disturbance or depression were identified, based on which the neural correlates of SDCD were located. Second, the light responses and interactions of hormones were reviewed and summarized, which also provided a way to alleviate SDCD. Finally, the light-active LHb and SCN exert extensive regulation impacts on the circadian and emotional circuits and hormones, forming a dual-core system for alleviating SDCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yaodong
- School of Architecture, Southwest JiaoTong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- School of Architecture, Southwest JiaoTong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo Feng
- Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong Univerisity, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanfang Lei
- School of Architecture, Southwest JiaoTong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuping Liu
- School of Architecture, Southwest JiaoTong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Architecture, Southwest JiaoTong University, Chengdu, China
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Haniffa S, Narain P, Hughes MA, Petković A, Šušić M, Mlambo V, Chaudhury D. Chronic social stress blunts core body temperature and molecular rhythms of Rbm3 and Cirbp in mouse lateral habenula. Open Biol 2023; 13:220380. [PMID: 37463657 PMCID: PMC10353891 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic social stress in mice causes behavioural and physiological changes that result in perturbed rhythms of body temperature, activity and sleep-wake cycle. To further understand the link between mood disorders and temperature rhythmicity in mice that are resilient or susceptible to stress, we measured core body temperature (Tcore) before and after exposure to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). We found that Tcore amplitudes of stress-resilient and susceptible mice are dampened during exposure to CSDS. However, following CSDS, resilient mice recovered temperature amplitude faster than susceptible mice. Furthermore, the interdaily stability (IS) of temperature rhythms was fragmented in stress-exposed mice during CSDS, which recovered to control levels following stress. There were minimal changes in locomotor activity after stress exposure which correlates with regular rhythmic expression of Prok2 - an output signal of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. We also determined that expression of thermosensitive genes Rbm3 and Cirbp in the lateral habenula (LHb) were blunted 1 day after CSDS. Rhythmic expression of these genes recovered 10 days later. Overall, we show that CSDS blunts Tcore and thermosensitive gene rhythms. Tcore rhythm recovery is faster in stress-resilient mice, but Rbm3 and Cirbp recovery is uniform across the phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Haniffa
- Department of Biology, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priyam Narain
- Centre for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michelle Ann Hughes
- Department of Biology, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aleksa Petković
- Department of Biology, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marko Šušić
- Department of Biology, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vongai Mlambo
- Department of Biology, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dipesh Chaudhury
- Department of Biology, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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He QY, Dai N, Mao M, Ma J, Wen Q, Song DD, Liu Y, Li F. Insomnia and circadian rhythm: a bibliometrics study and visualization analysis via CiteSpace. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1184302. [PMID: 37396774 PMCID: PMC10308182 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1184302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to use CiteSpace to analyze the status of insomnia and circadian rhythm, identify the hot spots and trends, and provide a basis for future study. Method The Web of Science database was searched for studies related to insomnia and circadian from its inception to 14 April 2023. CiteSpace was used to generate online maps of collaboration between countries and authors and revealed hot spots and frontiers in insomnia and circadian rhythm. Results We searched 4,696 publications related to insomnia and circadian rhythm. Bruno Etain was the most prolific author with most publications, i.e., with 24 articles. The USA and the University of California were the leading country and the top institution in this field of study, with 1,672 and 269 articles, respectively. There was active cooperation between institutions, countries, and authors. Hot topics focused on circadian rhythm sleep disorders, circadian clock, light therapy, melatonin, and bipolar disorder. Conclusion Based on the CiteSpace results, we recommend a more active collaboration between various countries, institutions, and authors to conduct clinical and basic research related to insomnia and circadian rhythm. Ongoing research focuses on the interaction of insomnia with circadian rhythms and the corresponding pathways of clock genes and by extension, the role of circadian rhythms in disorders such as bipolar disorder. Modulation of circadian rhythms may be a hot spot for future insomnia therapies (such as light therapy and melatonin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yun He
- Department of Diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Dai
- Research Institutes, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Mao
- Department of Ethnic Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Wen
- Department of Brain Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Song
- Department of Diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Scientific Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Screen use before sleep and emotional problems among adolescents: Preliminary evidence of mediating effect of chronotype and social jetlag. J Affect Disord 2023; 328:175-182. [PMID: 36806592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screen use before sleep is shown to be positively related to emotional problems. However, whether this relationship was mediated by circadian phenotypes (i.e., chronotype and social jetlag) remains unclear. METHODS Data from two independent adolescent surveys among 2685 and 1368 adolescents, respectively, were used. Adolescents reported screen use before sleep (yes/no and screen time), chronotype, social jetlag, and emotional problems using questionnaires. Serial mediation analyses were performed. RESULTS Adolescents who reported screen use before sleep showed later chronotype and greater social jetlag, which was further associated with a higher level of emotional problems. Such relationships held for screen use as a yes/no variable and screen time. The serial indirect effect of chronotype and social jetlag accounted for 6.2%-16.7% of the total effect of screen use before sleep on emotional problems. LIMITATIONS The use of a cross-sectional design did not allow the establishment of causal links between the variables. All data were self-reported by adolescents, and might be subject to report bias and recall bias. CONCLUSIONS These findings contributed to the existing literature by examining the mediating effect of chronotype and social jetlag in the relationship between screen use before sleep and emotional problems from a circadian rhythm perspective. Healthy media use habits and interventions targeting circadian characteristics may work towards promoting emotional health in adolescents.
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Haniffa S, Narain P, Hughes MA, Petković A, Šušić M, Mlambo V, Chaudhury D. Chronic social stress blunts core body temperature and molecular rhythms of Rbm3and Cirbpin mouse lateral habenula.. [DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.02.522528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
Abstract
AbstractChronic social stress in mice causes behavioral and physiological changes that result in perturbed rhythms of body temperature, activity and sleep-wake cycle. To further understand the link between mood disorders and temperature rhythmicity in mice that are resilient or susceptible to stress, we measured core body temperature (Tcore) before and after exposure to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). We found that Tcore amplitudes of stress-resilient and susceptible mice are dampened during exposure to CSDS. However, following CSDS, resilient mice recovered temperature amplitude faster than susceptible mice. Furthermore, the interdaily stability (IS) of temperature rhythms was fragmented in stress-exposed mice during CSDS, which recovered to control levels following stress. There were minimal changes in locomotor activity after stress exposure which correlates with regular rhythmic expression ofProk2- an output signal of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. We also determined that expression of thermosensitive genesRbm3andCirbpin the lateral habenula (LHb) were blunted 1-day after CSDS. Rhythmic expression of these genes recovered 10 days later. Overall, we show that CSDS blunts Tcore and thermosensitive gene rhythms. Tcore rhythm recovery is faster in stress-resilient mice, butRbm3andCirbprecovery is uniform across the phenotypes.
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Otsuka T, Le HT, Thein ZL, Ihara H, Sato F, Nakao T, Kohsaka A. Deficiency of the circadian clock gene Rev-erbα induces mood disorder-like behaviours and dysregulation of the serotonergic system in mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 256:113960. [PMID: 36115382 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder are highly associated with disrupted daily rhythms of activity, which are often observed in shift work and sleep disturbance in humans. Recent studies have proposed the REV-ERBα protein as a key circadian nuclear receptor that links behavioural rhythms to mood regulation. However, how the Rev-erbα gene participates in the regulation of mood remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the regulation of the serotonergic (5-HTergic) system, which plays a central role in stress-induced mood behaviours, is markedly disrupted in Rev-erbα-/- mice. Rev-erbα-/- mice exhibit both negative and positive behavioural phenotypes, including anxiety-like and mania-like behaviours, when subjected to a stressful environment. Importantly, Rev-erbα-/- mice show a significant decrease in the expression of a gene that encodes the rate-limiting enzyme of serotonin (5-HT) synthesis in the raphe nuclei (RN). In addition, 5-HT levels in Rev-erbα-/- mice are significantly reduced in the prefrontal cortex, which receives strong inputs from the RN and controls stress-related behaviours. Our findings indicate that Rev-erbα plays an important role in controlling the 5-HTergic system and thus regulates mood and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Otsuka
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; The Second Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Hue Thi Le
- The Second Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Zaw Lin Thein
- The Second Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Hayato Ihara
- The Department of Radioisotope Laboratory Center, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Sato
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Suntogun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan; The Departments of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nakao
- The Second Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; The First Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Akira Kohsaka
- The Second Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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A Pattern to Link Adenosine Signaling, Circadian System, and Potential Final Common Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6713-6723. [PMID: 35999325 PMCID: PMC9525429 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported separate roles of adenosine receptors and circadian clockwork in major depressive disorder. While less evidence exists for regulation of the circadian clock by adenosine signaling, a small number of studies have linked the adenosinergic system, the molecular circadian clock, and mood regulation. In this article, we review relevant advances and propose that adenosine receptor signaling, including canonical and other alternative downstream cellular pathways, regulates circadian gene expression, which in turn may underlie the pathogenesis of mood disorders. Moreover, we summarize the convergent point of these signaling pathways and put forward a pattern by which Homer1a expression, regulated by both cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and circadian clock genes, may be the final common pathogenetic mechanism in depression.
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Persistence of Anxiety/Depression Symptoms in Early Adolescence: A Prospective Study of Daily Life Stress, Rumination, and Daytime Sleepiness in a Genetically Informative Cohort. Twin Res Hum Genet 2022; 25:115-128. [PMID: 35856184 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2022.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this prospective study of mental health, we examine the influence of three interrelated traits - perceived stress, rumination, and daytime sleepiness - and their association with symptoms of anxiety and depression in early adolescence. Given the known associations between these traits, an important objective is to determine the extent to which they may independently predict anxiety/depression symptoms. Twin pairs from the Queensland Twin Adolescent Brain (QTAB) project were assessed on two occasions (N = 211 pairs aged 9-14 years at baseline and 152 pairs aged 10-16 years at follow-up). Linear regression models and quantitative genetic modeling were used to analyze the data. Prospectively, perceived stress, rumination, and daytime sleepiness accounted for 8-11% of the variation in later anxiety/depression; familial influences contributed strongly to these associations. However, only perceived stress significantly predicted change in anxiety/depression, accounting for 3% of variance at follow-up after adjusting for anxiety/depression at baseline, although it did not do so independently of rumination and daytime sleepiness. Bidirectional effects were found between all traits over time. These findings suggest an underlying architecture that is shared, to some degree, by all traits, while the literature points to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and/or circadian systems as potential sources of overlapping influence and possible avenues for intervention.
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Ali AAH, von Gall C. Adult Neurogenesis under Control of the Circadian System. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050764. [PMID: 35269386 PMCID: PMC8909047 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian circadian system is a hierarchically organized system, which controls a 24-h periodicity in a wide variety of body and brain functions and physiological processes. There is increasing evidence that the circadian system modulates the complex multistep process of adult neurogenesis, which is crucial for brain plasticity. This modulatory effect may be exercised via rhythmic systemic factors including neurotransmitters, hormones and neurotrophic factors as well as rhythmic behavior and physiology or via intrinsic factors within the neural progenitor cells such as the redox state and clock genes/molecular clockwork. In this review, we discuss the role of the circadian system for adult neurogenesis at both the systemic and the cellular levels. Better understanding of the role of the circadian system in modulation of adult neurogenesis can help develop new treatment strategies to improve the cognitive deterioration associated with chronodisruption due to detrimental light regimes or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Leite-Almeida H, Castelhano-Carlos MJ, Sousa N. New Horizons for Phenotyping Behavior in Rodents: The Example of Depressive-Like Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:811987. [PMID: 35069144 PMCID: PMC8766962 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.811987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the field of behavioral neuroscience is significantly dependent on innovative disruption triggered by our ability to model and phenotype animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. The ability to adequately elicit and measure behavioral parameters are the fundaments on which the behavioral neuroscience community establishes the pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders as well as contributes to the development of treatment strategies for those conditions. Herein, we review how mood disorders, in particular depression, are currently modeled in rodents, focusing on the limitations of these models and particularly on the analyses of the data obtained with different behavioral tests. Finally, we propose the use of new paradigms to study behavior using multidimensional strategies that better encompasses the complexity of psychiatric conditions, namely depression; these paradigms provide holistic phenotyping that is applicable to other conditions, thus promoting the emergence of novel findings that will leverage this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Leite-Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center—Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Magda J. Castelhano-Carlos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center—Braga, Braga, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Nuno Sousa,
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Circadian Rhythms in Mood Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1344:153-168. [PMID: 34773231 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81147-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Altered behavioral rhythms are a fundamental diagnostic feature of mood disorders. Patients report worse subjective sleep and objective measures confirm this, implicating a role for circadian rhythm disruptions in mood disorder pathophysiology. Molecular clock gene mutations are associated with increased risk of mood disorder diagnosis and/or severity of symptoms, and mouse models of clock gene mutations have abnormal mood-related behaviors. The mechanism by which circadian rhythms contribute to mood disorders remains unknown, however, circadian rhythms regulate and are regulated by various biological systems that are abnormal in mood disorders and this interaction is theorized to be a key component of mood disorder pathophysiology. A growing body of evidence has begun defining how the interaction of circadian and neurotransmitter systems influences mood and behavior, including the role of current antidepressants and mood stabilizers. Additionally, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis interacts with both circadian and monoaminergic systems and may facilitate the contribution of environmental stressors to mood disorder pathophysiology. The central role of circadian rhythms in mood disorders has led to the development of chronotherapeutics, which are treatments designed specifically to target circadian rhythm regulators, such as sleep, light, and melatonin, to produce an antidepressant response.
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Amini A, Aghabozorg Afjeh SS, Boshehri B, Hamednia S, Mashayekhi P, Omrani MD. The Relationship between rs534654 Polymorphism in TMEM165 Gene and Increased Risk of Bipolar Disorder Type 1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2021; 10:162-165. [PMID: 34703799 PMCID: PMC8496248 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.10.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a major health care concern worldwide. There are some reports showing an association between genes and their variants involved in circadian rhythm; clock and clock related genes function and development of BD in patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of rs534654 variant on TMEM165 (transmembrane protein 165) gene with the risk of BD. Genotyping of the rs534654 was carried out using the tetra primers- amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (4P-ARMS-PCR) method in 203 patients with BD type 1 and their healthy and normal counterpart. The frequency of the G and A alleles of rs534654 polymorphism was 53% and 47%, respectively in patients. Genotype frequency in patients in comparison with control subjects was 5.4% vs 2.5% for the AA homozygous; 11.3% vs 80.8% for the GG homozygous; and 83.3% vs 16.7% for the heterozygous AG. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in frequencies between the control and patient groups (P = 0.001). Based on this finding, it is possible to conclude that the impairment in the rs534654 single nucleotide polymorphism in TMEM165 gene is associated with the risk of BD development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Behzad Boshehri
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Safar Hamednia
- Department of Psychiatry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Boehler NA, Fung SW, Hegazi S, Cheng AH, Cheng HYM. Sox2 Ablation in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Perturbs Anxiety- and Depressive-like Behaviors. Neurol Int 2021; 13:541-554. [PMID: 34842772 PMCID: PMC8628992 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint13040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders negatively impact the lives of hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide every year, yet the precise molecular mechanisms by which they manifest remain elusive. Circadian dysregulation is one avenue by which mood disorders are thought to arise. SOX2 is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in the murine suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the circadian master clock, and has been recently found to be an important regulator of Per2, a core component of the molecular clock. Genetic ablation of the Sox2 gene in GABAergic neurons selectively impacts SCN neurons, as they are one of very few, if not the only, GABAergic populations that express Sox2. Here, we show that GABAergic-restricted ablation of Sox2 results in anxio-depressive-like phenotypes in mice as observed in the elevated plus maze, forced swim test, tail suspension test, and sucrose preference test. We further observe a reduction in basal and/or forced swim-induced c-Fos expression, a marker of neuronal activation, in the nucleus incertus, arcuate nucleus, and dentate gyrus of Sox2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice. Given the restricted disruption of SOX2 expression in the SCN of Sox2 cKO mice, we propose that their mood-associated phenotypes are the consequence of a dysregulated central clock that is unable to communicate appropriately timed signals to other brain nuclei that regulate affective behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Boehler
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (N.A.B.); (S.W.F.); (S.H.); (A.H.C.)
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Samuel W. Fung
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (N.A.B.); (S.W.F.); (S.H.); (A.H.C.)
| | - Sara Hegazi
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (N.A.B.); (S.W.F.); (S.H.); (A.H.C.)
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Arthur H. Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (N.A.B.); (S.W.F.); (S.H.); (A.H.C.)
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Hai-Ying Mary Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (N.A.B.); (S.W.F.); (S.H.); (A.H.C.)
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-905-569-4299
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16
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Faltraco F, Palm D, Coogan A, Simon F, Tucha O, Thome J. Molecular Link between Circadian Rhythmicity and Mood Disorders. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:5692-5709. [PMID: 34620057 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211007113725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The internal clock is driven by circadian genes [e.g., Clock, Bmal1, Per1-3, Cry1-2], hormones [e.g., melatonin, cortisol], as well as zeitgeber ['synchronisers']. Chronic disturbances in the circadian rhythm in patients diagnosed with mood disorders have been recognised for more than 50 years. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge and literature regarding circadian rhythms in the context of mood disorders, focussing on the role of circadian genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters. METHOD The review presents the current knowledge and literature regarding circadian rhythms in mood disorders using the Pubmed database. Articles with a focus on circadian rhythms and mood disorders [n=123], particularly from 1973 to 2020, were included. RESULTS The article suggests a molecular link between disruptions in the circadian rhythm and mood disorders. Circadian disturbances, caused by the dysregulation of circadian genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters, often result in a clinical picture resembling depression. CONCLUSION Circadian rhythms are intrinsically linked to affective disorders, such as unipolar depression and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock. Germany
| | - Denise Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock. Germany
| | - Andrew Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth. Ireland
| | - Frederick Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock. Germany
| | - Oliver Tucha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock. Germany
| | - Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock. Germany
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Merikanto I, Partonen T. Eveningness increases risks for depressive and anxiety symptoms and hospital treatments mediated by insufficient sleep in a population-based study of 18,039 adults. Depress Anxiety 2021; 38:1066-1077. [PMID: 34170060 DOI: 10.1002/da.23189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data show that having the eveningness associates with poor mental health. For preventive measures it is important to know which underlying factors mediate these associations and the burden posed to public health. This study examines at a population-based level, whether (1) circadian type and the sleep-wake behavior-based phase entrainment similarly associate with mental health problems, (2) there are differences in hospital treatments due to mental disorders between chronotypes, and (3) the association of chronotype with mental health is mediated by insufficient sleep. METHODS The study sample (N = 18,039) consisted of population-based sample of Finnish adults, aged 25-74 years, with information on their circadian type and sleep patterns, mental health symptoms, and diagnosis as reported in a health examination survey, as well as hospital treatments as recorded on the national Hospital Discharge Register. RESULTS All the mental health symptoms, diagnoses and hospital treatments were more pronounced among Evening-types, especially when assessed by circadian type. Insufficient sleep mediated most but not all of the associations between eveningness and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Eveningness does not increase mental health risks only on symptom or diagnosis level, but also on hospital admission level. A higher prevalence of insufficient sleep among the Evening-types elevates the risk and severity for many of the mental health outcomes. Improving the sleep among Evening-types could help to improve their mental health prospective and ease the health care burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Merikanto
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,SleepWell Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Orton Orthopaedics Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Gyorik D, Eszlari N, Gal Z, Torok D, Baksa D, Kristof Z, Sutori S, Petschner P, Juhasz G, Bagdy G, Gonda X. Every Night and Every Morn: Effect of Variation in CLOCK Gene on Depression Depends on Exposure to Early and Recent Stress. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:687487. [PMID: 34512413 PMCID: PMC8428175 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.687487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of circadian dysregulation is increasingly acknowledged in the background of depressive symptoms, and is also a promising treatment target. Similarly, stress shows a complex relationship with the circadian system. The CLOCK gene, encoding a key element in circadian regulation has been implicated in previous candidate variant studies in depression with contradictory findings, and only a few such studies considered the interacting effects of stress. We investigated the effect of CLOCK variation with a linkage-disequilibrium-based clumping method, in interaction with childhood adversities and recent negative life events, on two phenotypes of depression, lifetime depression and current depressive symptoms in a general population sample. Methods: Participants in NewMood study completed questionnaires assessing childhood adversities and recent negative life events, the Brief Symptom Inventory to assess current depressive symptoms, provided data on lifetime depression, and were genotyped for 1054 SNPs in the CLOCK gene, 370 of which survived quality control and were entered into linear and logistic regression models with current depressive symptoms and lifetime depression as the outcome variable, and childhood adversities or recent life events as interaction variables followed by a linkage disequilibrium-based clumping process to identify clumps of SNPs with a significant main or interaction effect. Results: No significant clumps with a main effect were found. In interaction with recent life events a significant clump containing 94 SNPs with top SNP rs6825994 for dominant and rs6850524 for additive models on current depression was identified, while in interaction with childhood adversities on current depressive symptoms, two clumps, both containing 9 SNPs were found with top SNPs rs6828454 and rs711533. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CLOCK contributes to depressive symptoms, but via mediating the effects of early adversities and recent stressors. Given the increasing burden on circadian rhythmicity in the modern lifestyle and our expanding insight into the contribution of circadian disruption in depression especially as a possible mediator of stress, our results may pave the way for identifying those who would be at an increased risk for depressogenic effects of circadian dysregulation in association with stress as well as new molecular targets for intervention in stress-related psychopathologies in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorka Gyorik
- Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nora Eszlari
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Gal
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dora Torok
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel Baksa
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SE-NAP-2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuliet Kristof
- Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sara Sutori
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Petschner
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SE-NAP-2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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19
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von Schantz M, Leocadio-Miguel MA, McCarthy MJ, Papiol S, Landgraf D. Genomic perspectives on the circadian clock hypothesis of psychiatric disorders. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2020; 107:153-191. [PMID: 33641746 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disturbances are frequently described in psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Growing evidence suggests a biological connection between mental health and circadian rhythmicity, including the circadian influence on brain function and mood and the requirement for circadian entrainment by external factors, which is often impaired in mental illness. Mental (as well as physical) health is also adversely affected by circadian misalignment. The marked interindividual differences in this combined susceptibility, in addition to the phenotypic spectrum in traits related both to circadian rhythms and mental health, suggested the possibility of a shared genetic background and that circadian clock genes may also be candidate genes for psychiatric disorders. This hypothesis was further strengthened by observations in animal models where clock genes had been knocked out or mutated. The introduction of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) enabled hypothesis-free testing. GWAS analysis of chronotype confirmed the prominent role of circadian genes in these phenotypes and their extensive polygenicity. However, in GWAS on psychiatric traits, only one clock gene, ARNTL (BMAL1) was identified as one of the few loci differentiating bipolar disorder from schizophrenia, and macaque monkeys where the ARNTL gene has been knocked out display symptoms similar to schizophrenia. Another lesson from genomic analyses is that chronotype has an important genetic correlation with several psychiatric disorders and that this effect is unidirectional. We conclude that the effect of circadian disturbances on psychiatric disorders probably relates to modulation of rhythm parameters and extend beyond the core clock genes themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm von Schantz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Mario A Leocadio-Miguel
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Michael J McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Munich, Germany; Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), Munich, Germany
| | - Dominic Landgraf
- Circadian Biology Group, Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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Huang S, Jiao X, Lu D, Pei X, Qi D, Li Z. Recent advances in modulators of circadian rhythms: an update and perspective. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1267-1286. [PMID: 32506972 PMCID: PMC7717701 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1772249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is a universal life phenomenon that plays an important role in maintaining the multiple physiological functions and regulating the adaptability to internal and external environments of flora and fauna. Circadian alignment in humans has the greatest effect on human health, and circadian misalignment is closely associated with increased risk for metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, immune diseases, cancer, sleep disorders, and ophthalmic diseases. The recent description of clock proteins and related post-modification targets was involved in several diseases, and numerous lines of evidence are emerging that small molecule modulators of circadian rhythms can be used to rectify circadian disorder. Herein, we attempt to update the disclosures about the modulators targeting core clock proteins and related post-modification targets, as well as the relationship between circadian rhythm disorders and human health as well as the therapeutic role and prospect of these small molecule modulators in circadian rhythm related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Jiao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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Silva ACPE, Dos Santos MJ, Góes Gitaí DL, de Miranda Coelho JAP, de Andrade TG. Depression and anxiety symptoms correlate with diurnal preference, sleep habits, and Per3 VNTR polymorphism (rs57875989) in a non-clinical sample. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:260-270. [PMID: 32841827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidences suggest that alterations in circadian rhythms trigger the development of mental disorders. Eveningness, sleep behavior, and circadian genes polymorphisms have been associated with depression and anxiety symptomatology. However, the mechanism underlying these interactions is not well understood. We investigated the contribution of diurnal preference, sleep habits, and PER3 VNTR polymorphism (rs57875989) to depression and anxiety symptoms in a Northeast sample from the Brazilian population. METHODS Eight hundred and four young adults completed the Morningness-Eveningness (MEQ), Munich Chronotype (MCTQ), Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression (CES-D), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaires. All participants were genotyped and linear regression was performed to test the interactions between the genetic /behavioral variants and depression/ anxiety symptoms. RESULTS Eveningness and sleep behaviors (bedtime, wake-up time, sleep duration, and midpoint of sleep) were correlated with depression symptomatology, specifically in somatic factors of the CES-D questionnaire. No correlation was found between diurnal preference/sleep habits with anxiety symptoms for both BAI total score and its factors. However, women with PER34/4 genotype showed less interpesonal affect in depression symptomatology and more anxiety symptoms in four factors of the BAI questionnaire. LIMITATIONS Mainly because this study was based on self-report questionnaires and was limited to undergraduate students aging 18 to 30 years old. CONCLUSION These results reinforce a role for sleep and diurnal preference in depression, and PER3 VNTR polymorphism in anxiety symptomatology, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tiago Gomes de Andrade
- Circadian Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.
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