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Shen Q, Zhou YH, Zhou YQ. A prospects tool in virus research: Analyzing the applications of organoids in virus studies. Acta Trop 2024; 254:107182. [PMID: 38479469 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Organoids have emerged as a powerful tool for understanding the biology of the respiratory, digestive, nervous as well as urinary system, investigating infections, and developing new therapies. This article reviews recent progress in the development of organoid and advancements in virus research. The potential applications of these models in studying virul infections, pathogenesis, and antiviral drug discovery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 20036, China; Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai 20036, China
| | - Yu-Han Zhou
- College of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Zhou
- Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 20036, China; Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai 20036, China.
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2
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Chau CW, Sugimura R. Organoids in COVID-19: can we break the glass ceiling? J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:85-99. [PMID: 37616269 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 emerged in September 2020 as a disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. The disease presented as pneumonia at first but later was shown to cause multisystem infections and long-term complications. Many efforts have been put into discovering the exact pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we aim to discuss an emerging tool in disease modeling, organoids, in the investigation of COVID-19. This review will introduce some methods and breakthroughs achieved by organoids and the limitations of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu Wang Chau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Rd, Pokfulam 99077, Hong Kong
| | - Ryohichi Sugimura
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Rd, Pokfulam 99077, Hong Kong
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, 17 Science Park W Ave, Science Park 999077, Hong Kong
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3
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Huang H. Immunotherapeutic approaches for systemic lupus erythematosus: early overview and future potential. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2023; 3:452-464. [PMID: 38282801 PMCID: PMC10808868 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease. Current SLE therapies include immunosuppressants, antimalarial drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and corticosteroids, but these treatments can cause substantial toxicities to organs and may not be effective for all patients. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the treatment of SLE using immunotherapy, including Benlysta and Saphnelo. These advances in immunotherapy hold promise for SLE patients, providing new therapeutic options that may offer better clinical benefit and effectiveness. Simultaneously, several new biological therapies focusing on cytokines, peptides, targeted antibodies, and cell-based approaches are under clinical evaluation and have shown immense potential for the treatment of SLE. However, the complexity of SLE immunopathogenesis and disease heterogeneity present significant challenges in the development of effective immunological therapies. This review aims to discuss past experiences and understanding of diverse immunological targeting therapies for SLE and highlight future perspectives for the development of novel immunological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpeng Huang
- Experimental Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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4
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Miranda CC, Gomes MR, Moço M, Cabral JMS, Ferreira FC, Sanjuan-Alberte P. A Concise Review on Electrospun Scaffolds for Kidney Tissue Engineering. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100554. [PMID: 36290522 PMCID: PMC9598616 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is one of the deadliest diseases globally and treatment methods are still insufficient, relying mostly on transplantation and dialysis. Engineering of kidney tissues in vitro from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could provide a solution to this medical need by restoring the function of damaged kidneys. However, implementation of such approaches is still challenging to achieve due to the complexity of mature kidneys in vivo. Several strategies have been defined to obtain kidney progenitor endothelial and epithelial cells that could form nephrons and proximal tube cells, but these lack tissue maturity and vascularisation to be further implemented. Electrospinning is a technique that has shown promise in the development of physiological microenvironments of several tissues and could be applied in the engineering of kidney tissues. Synthetic polymers such as polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, and poly(vinyl alcohol) have been explored in the manufacturing of fibres that align and promote the proliferation and cell-to-cell interactions of kidney cells. Natural polymers including silk fibroin and decellularised extracellular matrix have also been explored alone and in combination with synthetic polymers promoting the differentiation of podocytes and tubular-specific cells. Despite these attempts, further work is still required to advance the applications of electrospun fibres in kidney tissue engineering and explore this technique in combination with other manufacturing methods such as bioprinting to develop more organised, mature and reproducible kidney organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia C. Miranda
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.C.M.); (P.S.-A.)
| | - Mariana Ramalho Gomes
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Moço
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paola Sanjuan-Alberte
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.C.M.); (P.S.-A.)
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5
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Suhito IR, Kim JW, Koo K, Nam SA, Kim YK, Kim T. In Situ Detection of Kidney Organoid Generation From Stem Cells Using a Simple Electrochemical Method. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200074. [PMID: 35506260 PMCID: PMC9284177 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Organoids that mimic the structural and cellular characteristics of kidneys in vitro have recently emerged as a promising source for biomedical research. However, uncontrollable cellular heterogeneity after differentiation often results in the generation of off-target cells, one of the most challenging issues in organoid research. This study proposes a new method that enables the real-time assessment of kidney organoids derived from stem cells. When placed on a conductive surface, these organoids generate unique electrochemical signals at ≈0.3 V with intensities proportional to the amount of kidney-specific cell types. Off-target cells (i.e., non-kidney cells) produce an electrical signature at 0 V that is distinguishable from other surrounding cell types, enabling non-destructive assessment of both the differentiation, and maturation levels of kidney organoids. The developed platform can be applied to other types of organoids and is thus highly promising as a tool for organoid-based drug screening, toxicity assessment, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Cell Death Disease Research CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
- Department of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSt. Vincent's HospitalSuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyeong‐Mo Koo
- School of Integrative EngineeringChung‐Ang UniversitySeoul06974Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ah Nam
- Cell Death Disease Research CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
- Department of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSt. Vincent's HospitalSuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Kim
- Cell Death Disease Research CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
- Department of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSt. Vincent's HospitalSuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Tae‐Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative EngineeringChung‐Ang UniversitySeoul06974Republic of Korea
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Modeling oxidative injury response in human kidney organoids. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:76. [PMID: 35189973 PMCID: PMC8862571 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hemolysis occurs in many injury settings and can trigger disease processes. In the kidney, extracellular hemoglobin can induce damage via several mechanisms. These include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation, which promote fibrosis and chronic kidney disease. Understanding the pathophysiology of these injury pathways offers opportunities to develop new therapeutic strategies.
Methods
To model hemolysis-induced kidney injury, human kidney organoids were treated with hemin, an iron-containing porphyrin, that generates reactive oxygen species. In addition, we developed an induced pluripotent stem cell line expressing the biosensor, CytochromeC-GFP (CytoC-GFP), which provides a real-time readout of mitochondrial morphology, health, and early apoptotic events.
Results
We found that hemin-treated kidney organoids show oxidative damage, increased expression of injury markers, impaired functionality of organic anion and cation transport and undergo fibrosis. Injury could be detected in live CytoC-GFP organoids by cytoplasmic localization of fluorescence. Finally, we show that 4-(phenylthio)butanoic acid, an HDAC inhibitor with anti-fibrotic effects in vivo, reduces hemin-induced human kidney organoid fibrosis.
Conclusion
This work establishes a hemin-induced model of kidney organoid injury. This platform provides a new tool to study the injury and repair response pathways in human kidney tissue and will assist in the development of new therapeutics.
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Generation of chimeric kidneys using progenitor cell replacement: Oshima Award Address 2021. Clin Exp Nephrol 2022; 26:491-500. [PMID: 35138500 PMCID: PMC9114015 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-022-02191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
It is believed that the development of new renal replacement therapy (RRT) will increase treatment options for end-stage kidney disease and help reduce the mismatch between supply and demand. Technological advancement in the development of kidney organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells and xenotransplantation using porcine kidneys has been accelerated by a convergence of technological innovations, including the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells and genome editing, and improvement of analysis techniques such as single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing. Given the difficulty associated with kidney regeneration, hybrid kidneys are studied as an innovative approach that involves the use of stem cells to generate kidneys, with animal fetal kidneys used as a scaffold. Hybrid kidney technology entails the application of local chimerism for the generation of chimeric kidneys from exogenous renal progenitor cells by borrowing complex nephrogenesis programs from the developmental environment of heterologous animals. Hybrid kidneys can also utilize the urinary tract and bladder tissue of animal fetuses for urine excretion. Generating nephrons from syngeneic stem cells to increase self-cell ratio in xeno-tissues can reduce the risk of xeno-rejection. We showed that nephrons can be generated by ablation of host nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) in the nephron development region of animals and replacing them with exogenous NPCs. This progenitor cell replacement is the basis of hybrid kidney regeneration from progenitor cells using chimera technology. The goal of xeno-regenerative medicine using hybrid kidneys is to overcome serious organ shortage.
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Zhao Y, Zhang H, Wang H, Ye M, Jin X. Role of formin INF2 in human diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:735-746. [PMID: 34698992 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Formin proteins catalyze actin nucleation and microfilament polymerization. Inverted formin 2 (INF2) is an atypical diaphanous-related formin characterized by polymerization and depolymerization of actin. Accumulating evidence showed that INF2 is associated with kidney disease focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and cancers, such as colorectal and thyroid cancer where it functions as a tumor suppressor, glioblastoma, breast, prostate, and gastric cancer, via its oncogenic function. However, studies on the underlying molecular mechanisms of the different roles of INF2 in diverse cancers are limited. This review comprehensively describes the structure, biochemical features, and primary pathogenic mutations of INF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhao
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Ningbo Medical Center of LiHuiLi Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315048, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Haibiao Wang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Ningbo Medical Center of LiHuiLi Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315048, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. .,The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. .,The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.
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9
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Immune-mediated glomerular diseases: new basic concepts and clinical implications. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:277-279. [PMID: 34463820 PMCID: PMC8523466 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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