1
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Dayananda B, Bezeng SB, Karunarathna S, Jeffree RA. Climate Change Impacts on Tropical Reptiles: Likely Effects and Future Research Needs Based on Sri Lankan Perspectives. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.688723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tropical island nation of Sri Lanka has a rich terrestrial and aquatic reptilian fauna. However, like most other tropical countries, the threat of climate change to its reptile diversity has not been adequately addressed, in order to manage and mitigate the extinction threats that climate change poses. To address this shortfall, a review of the international literature regarding climate change impacts on reptiles was undertaken with specific reference to national requirements, focusing on predicted changes in air temperature, rainfall, water temperature, and sea level. This global information base was then used to specify a national program of research and environmental management for tropical countries, which is urgently needed to address the shortcomings in policy-relevant data, its availability and access so that the risks of extinction to reptiles can be clarified and mitigated. Specifically, after highlighting how climate change affects the various eco-physiological features of reptiles, we propose research gaps and various recommendations to address them. It is envisaged that these assessments will also be relevant to the conservation of reptilian biodiversity in other countries with tropical and subtropical climatic regimes
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2
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Effects of temperature on plasma corticosterone in a native lizard. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16315. [PMID: 33004871 PMCID: PMC7530705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid stress response is frequently used to indicate vertebrate response to the environment. Body temperature may affect glucocorticoid concentrations, particularly in ectotherms. We conducted lab manipulations and field measurements to test the effects of body temperature on plasma corticosterone (predominant glucocorticoid in reptiles) in eastern fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus). First, we acclimated lizards to one of 4 treatments: 22 °C, 29 °C, 33 °C, or 36 °C, and measured cloacal temperatures and plasma corticosterone concentrations at baseline and after exposure to a standardized stressor (cloth bag). Both baseline and stress-induced corticosterone concentrations were lower in lizards with lower body temperatures. Second, we acclimated lizards to 22 °C or 29 °C and exposed them to a standardized (cloth bag) stressor for 3 to 41 min. Lizards acclimated to 29 °C showed a robust increase in plasma corticosterone concentrations with restraint stress, but those at 22 °C showed no such increases in corticosterone concentrations. Third, we measured lizards upon capture from the field. There was no correlation between body temperature and baseline plasma corticosterone in field-caught lizards. These results suggest body temperature can significantly affect plasma corticosterone concentrations in reptiles, which may be of particular concern for experiments conducted under laboratory conditions but may not translate to the field.
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3
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Blackburn DG. Functional morphology, diversity, and evolution of yolk processing specializations in embryonic reptiles and birds. J Morphol 2020; 282:995-1014. [PMID: 32960458 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evolution of the terrestrial, amniotic egg of vertebrates required new mechanisms by which yolk material could be processed for embryonic use. Recent studies on each of the major extant reptile groups have revealed elaborate morphological specializations for yolk processing, features that differ dramatically from those of birds. In the avian pattern, liquid yolk is housed in a yolk sac whose endodermal lining absorbs and digests yolk material and sends resultant nutrients into the blood circulation. In snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodilians, as documented herein, the yolk sac becomes invaded by endodermal cells that proliferate and phagocytose yolk material. Blood vessels then invade, and the endodermal cells become arranged around them, forming elongated "spaghetti-like" strands that fill the yolk sac cavity. This pattern provides an effective means by which yolk material is cellularized, digested, and transported by vitelline vessels to the developing embryo. Phylogenetically, the (non-avian) "reptilian" pattern was ancestral for sauropsids and was modified or replaced in ancestors to birds. This review postulates that evolution of the "avian" pattern involved increased reliance on extracellular digestion of yolk, allowing embryonic development to occur more rapidly than in typical reptiles. Comparative studies of yolk processing that draw on morphological, biochemical, molecular approaches are needed to explain how and why the "reptilian" pattern was replaced in birds or their archosaurian ancestors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Blackburn
- Department of Biology, Electron Microscopy Center, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
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4
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Massey MD, Hutchings JA. Thermal variability during ectotherm egg incubation: A synthesis and framework. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 335:59-71. [PMID: 32767534 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural populations of ectothermic oviparous vertebrates typically experience thermal variability in their incubation environment. Yet an overwhelming number of laboratory studies incubate animals under constant thermal conditions that cannot capture natural thermal variability. Here, we systematically searched for studies that incubated eggs of ectothermic vertebrates, including both fishes and herpetofauna, under thermally variable regimes. We ultimately developed a compendium of 66 studies that used thermally variable conditions for egg incubation. In this review, we qualitatively discuss key findings from literature in the compendium, including the phenotypic effects resulting from different patterns of thermally variable incubation, as well as the ontogenetic persistence of these effects. We also describe a physiological framework for contextualizing some of these effects, based on thermal performance theory. Lastly, we highlight key gaps in our understanding of thermally variable incubation and offer suggestions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D Massey
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Hutchings
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Flødevigen Marine Research Station, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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5
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Massey MD, Congdon JD, Davy C, Rollinson N. First Evidence of Metabolic Heating in a Freshwater Turtle (Chelydra serpentina). CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1356.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D. Massey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2 Canada []
| | - Justin D. Congdon
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, South Carolina 29802 USA []
| | - Christina Davy
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources & Forestry. 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8 Canada
| | - Njal Rollinson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2 Canada []
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6
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Velázquez-Rodríguez AS, García-Cruz A, Burggren W, Rodríguez-Romero FDJ. Physical and Chemical Variables Promote Successful Nesting in High Mountain Sceloporus Lizards in Central México. HERPETOLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1655/d-18-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Socorro Velázquez-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, km 15.5 carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, Toluca Estado de México 50200, México
| | - Aleida García-Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, km 15.5 carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, Toluca Estado de México 50200, México
| | - Warren Burggren
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, km 15.5 carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, Toluca Estado de México 50200, México
| | - Felipe De Jesús Rodríguez-Romero
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, km 15.5 carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, Toluca Estado de México 50200, México
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7
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Blackburn DG, Lestz L, Barnes MS, Powers KG, Langkilde T. Morphological features of the yolk processing pattern in the eastern fence lizard, Sceloporus undulatus
(Phrynosomatidae). J Morphol 2018; 279:1629-1639. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Blackburn
- Department of Biology, and Electron Microscopy Center; Trinity College; Hartford Connecticut
| | - Luisa Lestz
- Department of Biology, and Electron Microscopy Center; Trinity College; Hartford Connecticut
| | - Madeline S. Barnes
- Department of Biology, and Electron Microscopy Center; Trinity College; Hartford Connecticut
| | - Kathryn G. Powers
- Department of Biology, and Electron Microscopy Center; Trinity College; Hartford Connecticut
| | - Tracy Langkilde
- Department of Biology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania
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8
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Powers SD, McTernan MR, Powers DR, Anderson RA. Energetic Consequences for a Northern, Range-Edge Lizard Population. COPEIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1643/cp-17-713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Ensminger DC, Langkilde T, Owen DAS, MacLeod KJ, Sheriff MJ. Maternal stress alters the phenotype of the mother, her eggs and her offspring in a wild-caught lizard. J Anim Ecol 2018; 87:1685-1697. [PMID: 30074248 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
While biomedical researchers have long appreciated the influence of maternally derived glucocorticoids (GCs) on offspring phenotype, ecologists have only recently begun exploring its impact in wild animals. Interpreting biomedical findings within an ecological context has posited that maternal stress, mediated by elevations of maternal GCs, may play an adaptive role preparing offspring for a stressful or rigorous environment. Yet, the influence of maternal stress on offspring phenotype has been little studied in wild animals. We experimentally elevated GCs to ecologically relevant levels (mimicking increases in maternal stress hormones following a nonlethal predator encounter, a heat challenge, or a chasing or confinement stressor) in female eastern fence lizards Sceloporus undulatus during gestation. We tested the hypothesis that maternally derived stress hormones themselves are sufficient to alter offspring phenotype. Specifically, we examined the effects of experimentally elevated maternal GCs on fitness-relevant traits of the mother, her eggs and her subsequent offspring. We found that daily maternal GC elevation: (a) increased maternal antipredator behaviours and postlaying glucose levels; (b) had no effect on egg morphology or caloric value, but altered yolk hormone (elevated GC) and nutrient content; and (c) altered offspring phenotype including stress-relevant physiology, morphology and behaviour. These findings reveal that maternally derived GCs alone can alter offspring phenotype in a wild animal, changes that may be mediated via maternal behaviour, and egg hormone and nutrient content. Understanding the ecological consequences of these effects under different environmental conditions will be critical for determining the adaptive significance of elevated maternal GCs for offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Ensminger
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biology, Mueller Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Tracy Langkilde
- Department of Biology, Mueller Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Dustin A S Owen
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biology, Mueller Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Kirsty J MacLeod
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biology, Mueller Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Sheriff
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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10
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Gurley B, Finger JW, Wada H. Sex-Specific Effects of Incubation Temperature on Embryonic Development of Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) Embryos. Physiol Biochem Zool 2018; 91:1036-1045. [PMID: 30102572 DOI: 10.1086/699741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In oviparous species, the embryonic environment-particularly temperature-can alter phenotype and survival of an individual by affecting its size as well as its metabolic rate. Previous studies have shown that incubation temperatures can affect sex ratio in birds; specifically, low incubation temperatures were shown to produce a male-biased sex ratio in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) possibly because of a higher pre- or postnatal mortality rate in females. We hypothesized that sexes respond differently to suboptimal incubation temperature, leading to a male-biased sex ratio. To test this hypothesis, zebra finch eggs were incubated at 36.1°, 37.5°, or 38.5°C and hatching success, hatchling mass, residual yolk mass, and pectoralis mass were measured. We found that while hatchling mass was similar between the sexes at 37.5°C, female hatchlings were heavier at 36.1°C, and male hatchlings were heavier at 38.5°C. Pectoralis muscle mass was similar between the sexes at 36.1°C; however, at 37.5°C, female pectoralis mass was heavier at hatching than that of males. Females at 37.5°C also had lower residual yolk at hatching compared with males, reflecting a higher use of energy by female embryos compared with male embryos at this temperature. In contrast, residual yolk was similar between the sexes at 36.1° and 38.5°C. Our results suggest that there are sex differences in how incubation temperature alters organ mass and yolk energy reserve; this can lead to a difference in survival at different incubation temperatures between the sexes. Taken together with previous studies showing that females alter incubation behavior with ambient temperature, rising ambient temperatures could impact phenotype and survival of avian offspring in a sex-specific manner.
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11
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Assis BA, Swierk L, Langkilde T. Performance, behavior and offspring morphology may offset reproductive costs of male‐typical ornamentation for female lizards. J Zool (1987) 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. A. Assis
- Department of Biology Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - L. Swierk
- Department of Biology Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven CT USA
- The Center for Brain, Behavior and Cognition The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - T. Langkilde
- Department of Biology Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
- The Center for Brain, Behavior and Cognition The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
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12
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Sex‐dependent effects of maternal stress: Stressed moms invest less in sons than daughters. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2018; 329:317-322. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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While GM, Noble DW, Uller T, Warner DA, Riley JL, Du W, Schwanz LE. Patterns of developmental plasticity in response to incubation temperature in reptiles. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2018; 329:162-176. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M. While
- School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Australia
| | - Daniel W.A. Noble
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | - Tobias Uller
- Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Daniel A. Warner
- Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama
| | - Julia L. Riley
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia
| | - Wei‐Guo Du
- Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lisa E. Schwanz
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
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14
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Sanín C, Anderson RP. A Framework for Simultaneous Tests of Abiotic, Biotic, and Historical Drivers of Species Distributions: Empirical Tests for North American Wood Warblers Based on Climate and Pollen. Am Nat 2018; 192:E48-E61. [PMID: 30016166 DOI: 10.1086/697537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how abiotic, biotic, and historical factors shape species distributions remains a central question in ecology, but studies linking biotic factors to continental-scale patterns remain scarce. Here, we present a novel framework for simultaneously testing patterns expected when abiotic, biotic, or historical factors drive species range limits. We use ecological niche models to produce empirical estimates of the "biotic, abiotic, and movement" paradigm (BAM diagrams), which previously has been used only theoretically. On the basis of climatic and pollen data as well as explicit consideration of dispersal limitations, we implement the framework for a group of North American birds (Oreothlypis warblers) with clear habitat associations. Because the pollen-based predictor variables characterize vegetation, they represent biotic factors needed by each bird species. Although continental-scale patterns of distribution are traditionally attributed to abiotic factors, only one species matched the hypothesis of solely abiotic drivers. In contrast, pollen-based models indicate biotic drivers for two species, correctly predicting their absence in climatically suitable areas. These results highlight the feasibility of considering and quantifying the potential effects of biotic interactions on species ranges, especially when interactions can be decoupled from abiotic factors. Furthermore, the availability of pollen data now and in the Holocene highlights the potential of these data to be used to predict range shifts of other organisms tightly dependent on particular vegetation types.
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15
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Dang W, Lu H, Wu Q, Gao Y, Qi Q, Fan H. Comparative transcriptional profiling analysis of the effect of heat waves during embryo incubation on the hatchlings of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis). Ecol Evol 2018; 8:3763-3773. [PMID: 29686856 PMCID: PMC5901165 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is one of most the important environmental factors that affect the ontogenesis of organisms. In this study, we incubated Chinese soft‐shelled turtle eggs at 28°C (control temperature, C treatment), a temperature with a 16°C cold shock and a 36°C heat shock twice per week (S treatment) or a ramp‐programmed temperature of 29 ± 9°C (with 12 hr (+) and 12 hr (−) every day) (F treatment). The incubation period, hatching success, hatchling weight, and locomotor performance were significantly different between the controls and the different heat treatment groups. The pathogen challenge results illustrated that hatchlings from the S treatment group were more resistant to bacterial infection, whereas hatchlings from the F treatment group were more vulnerable. We used RNA‐seq quantification analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of hatchlings in the S treatment group. Based on the functional annotation results for the DEGs, 9 genes were chosen to verify the RNA‐seq results. The background expression of DEGs was also analyzed for the three treatments, as was the regulation of the pathogen challenge. The results showed that 8 DEGs were related to the immune response after pathogen challenge and that temperature was an important factor in differential regulation of the immunity pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Protection and Restoration School of Life and Environmental Sciences Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
| | - Hongliang Lu
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Protection and Restoration School of Life and Environmental Sciences Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Protection and Restoration School of Life and Environmental Sciences Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Protection and Restoration School of Life and Environmental Sciences Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
| | - Qinqin Qi
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Protection and Restoration School of Life and Environmental Sciences Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China.,School of Food Science and Biotechnology Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou China
| | - Handong Fan
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Protection and Restoration School of Life and Environmental Sciences Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
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16
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Noble DWA, Stenhouse V, Schwanz LE. Developmental temperatures and phenotypic plasticity in reptiles: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:72-97. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. A. Noble
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052; Australia
| | - Vaughn Stenhouse
- School of Biological Sciences; Victoria University; Wellington 6037 New Zealand
| | - Lisa E. Schwanz
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052; Australia
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17
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Telemeco RS, Fletcher B, Levy O, Riley A, Rodriguez-Sanchez Y, Smith C, Teague C, Waters A, Angilletta MJ, Buckley LB. Lizards fail to plastically adjust nesting behavior or thermal tolerance as needed to buffer populations from climate warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:1075-1084. [PMID: 27558698 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although observations suggest the potential for phenotypic plasticity to allow adaptive responses to climate change, few experiments have assessed that potential. Modeling suggests that Sceloporus tristichus lizards will need increased nest depth, shade cover, or embryonic thermal tolerance to avoid reproductive failure resulting from climate change. To test for such plasticity, we experimentally examined how maternal temperatures affect nesting behavior and embryonic thermal sensitivity. The temperature regime that females experienced while gravid did not affect nesting behavior, but warmer temperatures at the time of nesting reduced nest depth. Additionally, embryos from heat-stressed mothers displayed increased sensitivity to high-temperature exposure. Simulations suggest that critically low temperatures, rather than high temperatures, historically limit development of our study population. Thus, the plasticity needed to buffer this population has not been under selection. Plasticity will likely fail to compensate for ongoing climate change when such change results in novel stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory S Telemeco
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98125, USA
| | - Brooke Fletcher
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Ofir Levy
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Angela Riley
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | | | - Colton Smith
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Collin Teague
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Amanda Waters
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | | | - Lauren B Buckley
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98125, USA
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18
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Edge CB, Rollinson N, Brooks RJ, Congdon JD, Iverson JB, Janzen FJ, Litzgus JD. Phenotypic plasticity of nest timing in a post-glacial landscape: how do reptiles adapt to seasonal time constraints? Ecology 2017; 98:512-524. [PMID: 27870008 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Life histories evolve in response to constraints on the time available for growth and development. Nesting date and its plasticity in response to spring temperature may therefore be important components of fitness in oviparous ectotherms near their northern range limit, as reproducing early provides more time for embryos to complete development before winter. We used data collected over several decades to compare air temperature and nest date plasticity in populations of painted turtles and snapping turtles from a relatively warm environment (southeastern Michigan) near the southern extent of the last glacial maximum to a relatively cool environment (central Ontario) near the northern extent of post-glacial recolonization. For painted turtles, population-level differences in reaction norm elevation for two phenological traits were consistent with adaptation to time constraints, but no differences in reaction norm slopes were observed. For snapping turtle populations, the difference in reaction norm elevation for a single phenological trait was in the opposite direction of what was expected under adaptation to time constraints, and no difference in reaction norm slope was observed. Finally, among-individual variation in individual plasticity for nesting date was detected only in the northern population of snapping turtles, suggesting that reaction norms are less canalized in this northern population. Overall, we observed evidence of phenological adaptation, and possibly maladaptation, to time constraints in long-lived reptiles. Where present, (mal)adaptation occurred by virtue of differences in reaction norm elevation, not reaction norm slope. Glacial history, generation time, and genetic constraint may all play an important role in the evolution of phenological timing and its plasticity in long-lived reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Edge
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Njal Rollinson
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Ronald J Brooks
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Justin D Congdon
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina, 29802, USA
| | - John B Iverson
- Department of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana, 47374, USA
| | - Fredric J Janzen
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
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Pezaro N, Doody JS, Thompson MB. The ecology and evolution of temperature-dependent reaction norms for sex determination in reptiles: a mechanistic conceptual model. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1348-1364. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Pezaro
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences (A08); University of Sydney; Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Institute of Evolution, Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences; University of Haifa; Haifa 3498838 Israel
| | - J. Sean Doody
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN 37996-1610 U.S.A
| | - Michael B. Thompson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences (A08); University of Sydney; Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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20
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Flewelling S, Parker SL. Effects of temperature and oxygen on growth and differentiation of embryos of the ground skink,Scincella lateralis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 323:445-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarena Flewelling
- Department of Biology; Coastal Carolina University; Conway South Carolina
| | - Scott L. Parker
- Department of Biology; Coastal Carolina University; Conway South Carolina
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21
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Verdú‐Ricoy J, Iraeta P, Salvador A, Díaz JA. Phenotypic responses to incubation conditions in ecologically distinct populations of a lacertid lizard: a tale of two phylogeographic lineages. J Zool (1987) 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Verdú‐Ricoy
- Dpto. de Zoología y Antropología Física (Vertebrados) Facultad de Biología Universidad Complutense Madrid Spain
- Dpto. de Ecología Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales M.N.C.N.‐C.S.I.C. Madrid Spain
| | - P. Iraeta
- Dpto. de Zoología y Antropología Física (Vertebrados) Facultad de Biología Universidad Complutense Madrid Spain
| | - A. Salvador
- Dpto. de Ecología Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales M.N.C.N.‐C.S.I.C. Madrid Spain
| | - J. A. Díaz
- Dpto. de Zoología y Antropología Física (Vertebrados) Facultad de Biología Universidad Complutense Madrid Spain
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22
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Monasterio C, Shoo LP, Salvador A, Iraeta P, Díaz JA. High temperature constrains reproductive success in a temperate lizard: implications for distribution range limits and the impacts of climate change. J Zool (1987) 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Monasterio
- Dpto. de Zoología y Antropología Física (Vertebrados); Facultad de Biología; Universidad Complutense; Madrid Spain
| | - L. P. Shoo
- Wilson Conservation Ecology Lab; School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; St. Lucia Qld Australia
| | - A. Salvador
- Dpto. de Ecología Evolutiva; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales; CSIC; Madrid Spain
| | - P. Iraeta
- Dpto. de Zoología y Antropología Física (Vertebrados); Facultad de Biología; Universidad Complutense; Madrid Spain
| | - J. A. Díaz
- Dpto. de Zoología y Antropología Física (Vertebrados); Facultad de Biología; Universidad Complutense; Madrid Spain
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23
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Lambert SM, Wiens JJ. Evolution of viviparity: a phylogenetic test of the cold-climate hypothesis in phrynosomatid lizards. Evolution 2013; 67:2614-30. [PMID: 24033171 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of viviparity is a key life-history transition in vertebrates, but the selective forces favoring its evolution are not fully understood. With >100 origins of viviparity, squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) are ideal for addressing this issue. Some evidence from field and laboratory studies supports the "cold-climate" hypothesis, wherein viviparity provides an advantage in cold environments by allowing mothers to maintain higher temperatures for developing embryos. Surprisingly, the cold-climate hypothesis has not been tested using both climatic data and phylogenetic comparative methods. Here, we investigate the evolution of viviparity in the lizard family Phrynosomatidae using GIS-based environmental data, an extensive phylogeny (117 species), and recently developed comparative methods. We find significant relationships between viviparity and lower temperatures during the warmest (egg-laying) season, strongly supporting the cold-climate hypothesis. Remarkably, we also find that viviparity tends to evolve more frequently at tropical latitudes, despite its association with cooler climates. Our results help explain this and two related patterns that seemingly contradict the cold-climate hypothesis: the presence of viviparous species restricted to low-elevation tropical regions and the paucity of viviparous species at high latitudes. Finally, we examine whether viviparous taxa may be at higher risk of extinction from anthropogenic climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea M Lambert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721.
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24
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DuRant SE, Hopkins WA, Hepp GR, Walters JR. Ecological, evolutionary, and conservation implications of incubation temperature-dependent phenotypes in birds. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 88:499-509. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - William A. Hopkins
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg; VA; 24061; USA
| | - Gary R. Hepp
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences; Auburn University; Auburn; AL; 36849; USA
| | - J. R. Walters
- Department of Biological Sciences; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg; VA; 24061; USA
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25
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Chen YH, Tu MC, Huang SP. Synergistic limits to the altitudinal distribution of a high-altitude lizard, Takydromus hsuehshanensis. Zoolog Sci 2013; 30:15-20. [PMID: 23317361 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.30.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The geographic distribution of species can be affected by environmental factors. The adult highaltitude lizard Takydromus hsuehshanensis (altitude > 1800 m) has been shown to tolerate summer lowland air temperature; its absence in lowland areas may therefore be caused by other factors. We employed a transplant experiment to monitor survival in different life stages and female reproduction in lowland areas. We maintained the T. hsuehshanensis adults in semi-natural outdoor enclosures with sufficient food, water, and the exclusion of potential predators. The results showed that (1) the survival rates of adults gradually decreased to 23.4% from one summer to the next, (2) illness occurred in adults during the winter, and (3) reproductive capacity (2 eggs/female), hatching success (31.7%), and hatchling survival rate (0% at the end of 11 weeks) were very low during the active season. We suggest that environmental factors synergistically caused these impairments in T. hsuehshanensis across different life stages and different seasons. This may partially explain its current altitudinal distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Huei Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chow Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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26
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Rodríguez-Díaz T, Braña F. Altitudinal variation in egg retention and rates of embryonic development in oviparous Zootoca vivipara fits predictions from the cold-climate model on the evolution of viviparity. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:1877-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Kearney MR, Matzelle A, Helmuth B. Biomechanics meets the ecological niche: the importance of temporal data resolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 215:922-33. [PMID: 22357586 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.059634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The emerging field of mechanistic niche modelling aims to link the functional traits of organisms to their environments to predict survival, reproduction, distribution and abundance. This approach has great potential to increase our understanding of the impacts of environmental change on individuals, populations and communities by providing functional connections between physiological and ecological response to increasingly available spatial environmental data. By their nature, such mechanistic models are more data intensive in comparison with the more widely applied correlative approaches but can potentially provide more spatially and temporally explicit predictions, which are often needed by decision makers. A poorly explored issue in this context is the appropriate level of temporal resolution of input data required for these models, and specifically the error in predictions that can be incurred through the use of temporally averaged data. Here, we review how biomechanical principles from heat-transfer and metabolic theory are currently being used as foundations for mechanistic niche models and consider the consequences of different temporal resolutions of environmental data for modelling the niche of a behaviourally thermoregulating terrestrial lizard. We show that fine-scale temporal resolution (daily) data can be crucial for unbiased inference of climatic impacts on survival, growth and reproduction. This is especially so for species with little capacity for behavioural buffering, because of behavioural or habitat constraints, and for detecting temporal trends. However, coarser-resolution data (long-term monthly averages) can be appropriate for mechanistic studies of climatic constraints on distribution and abundance limits in thermoregulating species at broad spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Kearney
- Department of Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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28
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29
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Yan XF, Tang XL, Yue F, Zhang DJ, Xin Y, Wang C, Chen Q. Influence of ambient temperature on maternal thermoregulation and neonate phenotypes in a viviparous lizard, Eremias multiocellata, during the gestation period. J Therm Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Rosier RL, Langkilde T. Does environmental enrichment really matter? A case study using the eastern fence lizard, Sceloporus undulatus. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Du W, Warner D, Langkilde T, Robbins T, Shine R. The Physiological Basis of Geographic Variation in Rates of Embryonic Development within a Widespread Lizard Species. Am Nat 2010; 176:522-8. [DOI: 10.1086/656270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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32
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Mickelson LE, Downie JR. Influence of incubation temperature on morphology and locomotion performance of Leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) hatchlings. CAN J ZOOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1139/z10-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The journey of Leatherback ( Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761)) hatchlings from nest to the sea is a vulnerable life-history stage. Studies have shown that nest incubation temperatures influence hatchling morphology and locomotor performance, which may affect hatchling fitness. We obtained incubation temperature profiles from 16 Leatherback nests in Tobago, West Indies, during the 2008 nesting season (March–June). There was significant variation among mean nest incubation temperatures, which had a significant influence on hatchling morphology. Using principal components analysis, we determined the morphological traits that explained the most variation among hatchlings, which allowed investigation of the relationship between hatchling morphology and terrestrial locomotion speed. Hatchlings with a narrower carapace width and longer flipper reach (produced at lower incubation temperatures) had significantly faster terrestrial speed and total run time than those with opposite characteristics (produced at higher incubation temperatures). Our results demonstrate that lower incubation temperatures produce hatchlings with traits that are significantly advantageous to terrestrial locomotion. These findings suggest that nest incubation temperature is important in determining hatchling fitness, as nest incubation temperature significantly influences hatchling morphology and locomotor capabilities. This study supplements related findings in Green Turtles ( Chelonia mydas (L., 1758)), but also illustrates some unique features in Leatherbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. E. Mickelson
- Division of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - J. R. Downie
- Division of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
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33
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Sexton JP, McIntyre PJ, Angert AL, Rice KJ. Evolution and Ecology of Species Range Limits. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2009. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1223] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Sexton
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616; ,
| | - Patrick J. McIntyre
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616;
| | - Amy L. Angert
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523;
| | - Kevin J. Rice
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616; ,
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34
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Hughes GN, Greaves WF, Litzgus JD. Nest-Site Selection by Wood Turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) in a Thermally Limited Environment. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2009. [DOI: 10.1656/045.016.n302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Lynch VJ. LIVE-BIRTH IN VIPERS (VIPERIDAE) IS A KEY INNOVATION AND ADAPTATION TO GLOBAL COOLING DURING THE CENOZOIC. Evolution 2009; 63:2457-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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