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Ni BB, Liu H, Wang ZS, Zhang GY, Sang ZY, Liu JJ, He CY, Zhang JG. A chromosome-scale genome of Rhus chinensis Mill. provides new insights into plant-insect interaction and gallotannins biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:766-786. [PMID: 38271098 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Rhus chinensis Mill., an economically valuable Anacardiaceae species, is parasitized by the galling aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis, resulting in the formation of the Chinese gallnut (CG). Here, we report a chromosomal-level genome assembly of R. chinensis, with a total size of 389.40 Mb and scaffold N50 of 23.02 Mb. Comparative genomic and transcriptome analysis revealed that the enhanced structure of CG and nutritional metabolism contribute to improving the adaptability of R. chinensis to S. chinensis by supporting CG and galling aphid growth. CG was observed to be abundant in hydrolysable tannins (HT), particularly gallotannin and its isomers. Tandem repeat clusters of dehydroquinate dehydratase/shikimate dehydrogenase (DQD/SDH) and serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) and their homologs involved in HT production were determined as specific to HT-rich species. The functional differentiation of DQD/SDH tandem duplicate genes and the significant contraction in the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene family contributed to the accumulation of gallic acid and HT while minimizing the production of shikimic acid, flavonoids, and condensed tannins in CG. Furthermore, we identified one UDP glucosyltransferase (UGT84A), three carboxylesterase (CXE), and six SCPL genes from conserved tandem repeat clusters that are involved in gallotannin biosynthesis and hydrolysis in CG. We then constructed a regulatory network of these genes based on co-expression and transcription factor motif analysis. Our findings provide a genomic resource for the exploration of the underlying mechanisms of plant-galling insect interaction and highlight the importance of the functional divergence of tandem duplicate genes in the accumulation of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Bing Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhao-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Guo-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zi-Yang Sang
- Forest Enterprise of Wufeng County in Hubei Province, Wufeng, 443400, Hubei, China
| | - Juan-Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Cai-Yun He
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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2
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Schultz JC, Stone GN. A Tale of Two Tissues: probing gene expression in a complex insect‐induced gall. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:3031-3034. [PMID: 35466464 PMCID: PMC9321127 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant galls are novel and sometimes dramatic plant organs whose development is initiated and controlled by parasitic microbes, nematodes, insects and mites. For arthropods, galls provide relative safety from enemies and abiotic stresses while providing nutrition. Galls are formed entirely by the plant, whose transcriptional pathways are modified and coopted to produce a structure specific to the galler species; they comprise a classic example of Dawkins’ “extended phenotype”. Arthropod‐elicited galls are unique in that they are often anatomically complex (Figure 1a), with multiple differentiated tissue types (Figure 1b). A growing number of investigators have studied changes in hostplant gene expression to understand arthropod gall development. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Martinson et al. (2021) report using RNA sequencing to explore tissue‐specific gene expression associated with anatomical and functional gall complexity, demonstrating for the first time that gall tissues are as different transcriptionally as they are anatomically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C. Schultz
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo Toledo USA
| | - Graham N. Stone
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
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3
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Pilichowski S, Ulitzka MR, Jagiełło R, Giertych MJ. Plant-Mediated Interaction: A First Record of Thrips Feeding on Hartigiola annulipes (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Galls. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2019.67.2.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pilichowski
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | | | - Radosław Jagiełło
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Marian J. Giertych
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
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4
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Body MJA, Zinkgraf MS, Whitham TG, Lin CH, Richardson RA, Appel HM, Schultz JC. Heritable Phytohormone Profiles of Poplar Genotypes Vary in Resistance to a Galling Aphid. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:654-672. [PMID: 30520677 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-18-0301-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Insect galls are highly specialized structures arising from atypical development of plant tissue induced by insects. Galls provide the insect enhanced nutrition and protection against natural enemies and environmental stresses. Galls are essentially plant organs formed by an intimate biochemical interaction between the gall-inducing insect and its host plant. Because galls are plant organs, their development is likely to be governed by phytohormones involved in normal organogenesis. We characterized concentrations of both growth and defensive phytohormones in ungalled control leaves and galls induced by the aphid Pemphigus betae on narrowleaf cottonwood Populus angustifolia that differ genotypically in resistance to this insect. We found that susceptible trees differed from resistant trees in constitutive concentrations of both growth and defense phytohormones. Susceptible trees were characterized by significantly higher constitutive cytokinin concentrations in leaves, significantly greater ability of aphids to elicit cytokinin increases, and significantly lower constitutive defense phytohormone concentrations than observed in resistant trees. Phytohormone concentrations in both constitutive and induced responses in galled leaves exhibited high broad-sense heritability that, respectively, ranged from 0.39 to 0.93 and from 0.28 to 0.66, suggesting that selection can act upon these traits and that they might vary across the landscape. Increased cytokinin concentrations may facilitate forming strong photosynthate sinks in the galls, a requirement for galling insect success. By characterizing for the first time the changes in 15 phytohormones belonging to five different classes, this study offers a better overview of the signaling alteration occurring in galls that has likely been important for their ecology and evolution. Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie J A Body
- 1 Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 Rollins Street, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A
| | - Matthew S Zinkgraf
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, U.S.A.; and
| | - Thomas G Whitham
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, U.S.A.; and
| | - Chung-Ho Lin
- 3 School of Natural Resources, 203 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, 1111 Rollins Street, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, U.S.A
| | - Ryan A Richardson
- 1 Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 Rollins Street, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A
| | - Heidi M Appel
- 1 Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 Rollins Street, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A
| | - Jack C Schultz
- 1 Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 Rollins Street, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A
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5
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Zhu C, Shi F, Chen Y, Wang M, Zhao Y, Geng G. Transcriptome Analysis of Chinese Chestnut ( Castanea mollissima Blume) in Response to Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu Infestation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040855. [PMID: 30781446 PMCID: PMC6412832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) can be infested by Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, resulting in gall formation and yield losses. Research on the control of gall wasps using genomics approaches is rarely reported. We used RNA-seq to investigate the dynamic changes in the genes of a chestnut species (C. mollissima B.) during four gall-formation stages caused by D. kuriphilus. A total of 21,306 genes were annotated by BLAST in databases. Transcriptome comparison between different gall-formation stages revealed many genes that were differentially expressed compared to the control. Among these, 2410, 7373, 6294, and 9412 genes were differentially expressed in four gall-formation stages: initiation stage (A), early growth stage (B), late growth stage (C), and maturation stage (D), respectively. Annotation analysis indicated that many metabolic processes (e.g., phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, secondary metabolism, plant⁻pathogen interaction) were affected. Interesting genes encoding putative components of signal transduction, stress response, and transcription factors were also differentially regulated. These genes might play important roles in response to D. kuriphilus gall formation. These new data on the mechanism by which D. kuriphilus infests chestnuts could help improve chestnut resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancan Zhu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Fenghou Shi
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Yuqiang Zhao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Guomin Geng
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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6
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Ye J, Jiang Y, Veromann-Jürgenson LL, Niinemets Ü. Petiole gall aphid ( Pemphigus spyrothecae) infestation of Populus × petrovskiana leaves alters foliage photosynthetic characteristics and leads to enhanced emissions of both constitutive and stress-induced volatiles. TREES (BERLIN, GERMANY : WEST) 2019; 33:37-51. [PMID: 31700201 PMCID: PMC6837882 DOI: 10.1007/s00468-018-1756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Poplar spiral gall aphid (Pemphigus spyrothecae) forms galls on the petiole in poplars (Populus) and mass infestations are frequent in poplar stands, but how these parasite gall infestations can affect the leaf lamina structure, photosynthetic rate and constitutive and stress volatile emissions is unknown. We investigated how the infestation by the petiole gall aphids affects lamina photosynthetic characteristics (net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance), C and N contents, and constitutive isoprene and induced volatile emissions in Populus × petrovskiana. The dry gall mass per leaf dry mass (M g/M l) was used as a quantitative measure of the severity of gall infestation. Very high fraction of leaf biomass was invested in gall formation with M g/M l varying between 0.5-2. Over the whole range of the infestation severities, net assimilation rate per area, leaf dry mass per unit area and N content decreased with increasing the severity of infestation. In contrast, stomatal conductance, leaf dry mass per fresh mass, constitutive isoprene emissions, and induced green leaf volatile (GLV), monoterpene, sesquiterpene and benzenoid emissions increased with increasing the severity of gall infestation. The rates of induced emissions were low and these emissions were associated with methyl jasmonate release from leaf laminas. The data demonstrate that petiole gall infestations lead to major changes in leaf lamina sink-source relationships and leaf water relations, thereby significantly altering lamina photosynthesis. Modifications in stress-induced emissions likely indicated systemic signaling triggered by jasmonate transported from the petiole galls to the lamina where jasmonate elicited a cascade of volatile emission responses. Enhance isoprene emissions and induced volatile emissions can play a major role in indirect defense against other herbivores, securing the food source for the gall aphids. In conclusion, a massive infestation by petiole gall aphids can profoundly modify the foliage photosynthetic performance and volatile emission profiles in poplars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Ye
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Corresponding author,
| | - Linda-Liisa Veromann-Jürgenson
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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7
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Keith AR, Bailey JK, Lau MK, Whitham TG. Genetics-based interactions of foundation species affect community diversity, stability and network structure. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2016.2703. [PMID: 28490623 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the hypothesis that genetics-based interactions between strongly interacting foundation species, the tree Populus angustifolia and the aphid Pemphigus betae, affect arthropod community diversity, stability and species interaction networks of which little is known. In a 2-year experimental manipulation of the tree and its aphid herbivore four major findings emerged: (i) the interactions of these two species determined the composition of an arthropod community of 139 species; (ii) both tree genotype and aphid presence significantly predicted community diversity; (iii) the presence of aphids on genetically susceptible trees increased the stability of arthropod communities across years; and (iv) the experimental removal of aphids affected community network structure (network degree, modularity and tree genotype contribution to modularity). These findings demonstrate that the interactions of foundation species are genetically based, which in turn significantly contributes to community diversity, stability and species interaction networks. These experiments provide an important step in understanding the evolution of Darwin's 'entangled bank', a metaphor that characterizes the complexity and interconnectedness of communities in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur R Keith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Joseph K Bailey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Matthew K Lau
- Harvard University, Harvard Forest, 324 North Main Street, Petersham, MA 01366, USA
| | - Thomas G Whitham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA .,Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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8
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Richardson RA, Body M, Warmund MR, Schultz JC, Appel HM. Morphometric analysis of young petiole galls on the narrow-leaf cottonwood, Populus angustifolia, by the sugarbeet root aphid, Pemphigus betae. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:203-216. [PMID: 26739691 PMCID: PMC5216080 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An insect-induced gall is a highly specialized structure resulting from atypical development of plant tissue induced by a reaction to the presence and activity of an insect. The insect induces a differentiation of tissues with features and functions of an ectopic organ, providing nutrition and protection to the galling insect from natural enemies and environmental stresses. In this anatomical and cytological study, we characterized how the gall-inducing aphid Pemphigus betae reshapes the leaf morphology of the narrow-leaf cottonwood Populus angustifolia to form a leaf fold gall. Young galls displayed a bend on one side of the midvein toward the center of the leaf and back to create a fold on the abaxial side of the leaf. This fold was formed abaxially by periclinal and anticlinal divisions, effectively eliminating intercellular spaces from the spongy parenchyma. Galls at this stage exhibited both cell hypertrophy and tissue hyperplasia. Cells on the adaxial surface were more numerous and smaller than cells near the abaxial surface were, creating the large fold that surrounds the insect. Mesophyll cells exhibited some features typical of nutritive cells induced by other galling insects, including conspicuous nucleolus, reduced and fragmented vacuole, smaller and degraded chloroplasts, and dense cytoplasm compared to ungalled tissue. Even though aphids feed on the contents of phloem and do not directly consume the gall tissue, they induce changes in the plant vascular system, which lead to nutrient accumulation to support the growing aphid numbers in mature galls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Richardson
- Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Mélanie Body
- Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Michele R Warmund
- Division of Plant Sciences, Department of Horticulture, University of Missouri, 1-31 Agriculture Building, Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jack C Schultz
- Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Heidi M Appel
- Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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9
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Oates CN, Denby KJ, Myburg AA, Slippers B, Naidoo S. Insect Gallers and Their Plant Hosts: From Omics Data to Systems Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1891. [PMID: 27869732 PMCID: PMC5133890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gall-inducing insects are capable of exerting a high level of control over their hosts' cellular machinery to the extent that the plant's development, metabolism, chemistry, and physiology are all altered in favour of the insect. Many gallers are devastating pests in global agriculture and the limited understanding of their relationship with their hosts prevents the development of robust management strategies. Omics technologies are proving to be important tools in elucidating the mechanisms involved in the interaction as they facilitate analysis of plant hosts and insect effectors for which little or no prior knowledge exists. In this review, we examine the mechanisms behind insect gall development using evidence from omics-level approaches. The secretion of effector proteins and induced phytohormonal imbalances are highlighted as likely mechanisms involved in gall development. However, understanding how these components function within the system is far from complete and a number of questions need to be answered before this information can be used in the development of strategies to engineer or breed plants with enhanced resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn N Oates
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
| | - Katherine J Denby
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Alexander A Myburg
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
| | - Bernard Slippers
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
| | - Sanushka Naidoo
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
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10
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Zinkgraf MS, Meneses N, Whitham TG, Allan GJ. Genetic variation in NIN1 and C/VIF1 genes is significantly associated with Populus angustifolia resistance to a galling herbivore, Pemphigus betae. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 84:50-59. [PMID: 26518288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The identification of genes associated with ecologically important traits provides information on the potential genetic mechanisms underlying the responses of an organism to its natural environment. In this study, we investigated the genetic basis of host plant resistance to the gall-inducing aphid, Pemphigus betae, in a natural population of 154 narrowleaf cottonwoods (Populus angustifolia). We surveyed genetic variation in two genes putatively involved in sink-source relations and a phenology gene that co-located in a previously identified quantitative trait locus for resistance to galling. Using a candidate gene approach, three major findings emerged. First, natural variation in tree resistance to galling was repeatable. Sampling of the same tree genotypes 20 years after the initial survey in 1986 show that 80% of the variation in resistance was due to genetic differences among individuals. Second, we identified significant associations at the single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype levels between the plant neutral invertase gene NIN1 and tree resistance. Invertases are a class of sucrose hydrolyzing enzymes and play an important role in plant responses to biotic stress, including the establishment of nutrient sinks. These associations with NIN1 were driven by a single nucleotide polymorphism (NIN1_664) located in the second intron of the gene and in an orthologous sequence to two known regulatory elements. Third, haplotypes from an inhibitor of invertase (C/VIF1) were significantly associated with tree resistance. The identification of genetic variation in these two genes provides a starting point to understand the possible genetic mechanisms that contribute to tree resistance to gall formation. We also build on previous work demonstrating that genetic differences in sink-source relationships of the host influence the ability of P. betae to manipulate the flow of nutrients and induce a nutrient sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Zinkgraf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Genetics and Genomics Laboratory (EnGGen), Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.
| | - Nashelly Meneses
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Genetics and Genomics Laboratory (EnGGen), Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Thomas G Whitham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Genetics and Genomics Laboratory (EnGGen), Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Gerard J Allan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Genetics and Genomics Laboratory (EnGGen), Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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11
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Giron D, Huguet E, Stone GN, Body M. Insect-induced effects on plants and possible effectors used by galling and leaf-mining insects to manipulate their host-plant. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 84:70-89. [PMID: 26723843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Gall-inducing insects are iconic examples in the manipulation and reprogramming of plant development, inducing spectacular morphological and physiological changes of host-plant tissues within which the insect feeds and grows. Despite decades of research, effectors involved in gall induction and basic mechanisms of gall formation remain unknown. Recent research suggests that some aspects of the plant manipulation shown by gall-inducers may be shared with other insect herbivorous life histories. Here, we illustrate similarities and contrasts by reviewing current knowledge of metabolic and morphological effects induced on plants by gall-inducing and leaf-mining insects, and ask whether leaf-miners can also be considered to be plant reprogrammers. We review key plant functions targeted by various plant reprogrammers, including plant-manipulating insects and nematodes, and functionally characterize insect herbivore-derived effectors to provide a broader understanding of possible mechanisms used in host-plant manipulation. Consequences of plant reprogramming in terms of ecology, coevolution and diversification of plant-manipulating insects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Giron
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Parc Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France.
| | - Elisabeth Huguet
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Parc Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Graham N Stone
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Mélanie Body
- Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 Rollins Street, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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12
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Axelsson EP, Iason GR, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Whitham TG. Host Genetics and Environment Drive Divergent Responses of Two Resource Sharing Gall-Formers on Norway Spruce: A Common Garden Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142257. [PMID: 26554587 PMCID: PMC4640599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A central issue in the field of community genetics is the expectation that trait variation among genotypes play a defining role in structuring associated species and in forming community phenotypes. Quantifying the existence of such community phenotypes in two common garden environments also has important consequences for our understanding of gene-by-environment interactions at the community level. The existence of community phenotypes has not been evaluated in the crowns of boreal forest trees. In this study we address the influence of tree genetics on needle chemistry and genetic x environment interactions on two gall-inducing adelgid aphids (Adelges spp. and Sacchiphantes spp.) that share the same elongating bud/shoot niche. We examine the hypothesis that the canopies of different genotypes of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) support different community phenotypes. Three patterns emerged. First, the two gallers show clear differences in their response to host genetics and environment. Whereas genetics significantly affected the abundance of Adelges spp. galls, Sacchiphantes spp. was predominately affected by the environment suggesting that the genetic influence is stronger in Adelges spp. Second, the among family variation in genetically controlled resistance was large, i.e. fullsib families differed as much as 10 fold in susceptibility towards Adelges spp. (0.57 to 6.2 galls/branch). Also, the distribution of chemical profiles was continuous, showing both overlap as well as examples of significant differences among fullsib families. Third, despite the predicted effects of host chemistry on galls, principal component analyses using 31 different phenolic substances showed only limited association with galls and a similarity test showed that trees with similar phenolic chemical characteristics, did not host more similar communities of gallers. Nonetheless, the large genetic variation in trait expression and clear differences in how community members respond to host genetics supports our hypothesis that the canopies of Norway spruce differ in their community phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Petter Axelsson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Glenn R. Iason
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland
| | - Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, Joensuu 80101, Finland
| | - Thomas G. Whitham
- Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research & Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
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13
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Oates CN, Külheim C, Myburg AA, Slippers B, Naidoo S. The Transcriptome and Terpene Profile of Eucalyptus grandis Reveals Mechanisms of Defense Against the Insect Pest, Leptocybe invasa. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1418-28. [PMID: 25948810 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved complex defenses that allow them to protect themselves against pests and pathogens. However, there is relatively little information regarding the Eucalyptus defensome. Leptocybe invasa is one of the most damaging pests in global Eucalyptus forestry, and essentially nothing is known regarding the molecular mechanisms governing the interaction between the pest and host. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in the transcriptional landscape and terpene profile of a resistant and susceptible Eucalyptus genotype in an effort to improve our understanding of this interaction. We used RNA-seqencing to investigate transcriptional changes following L. invasa oviposition. Expression levels were validated using real-time quantitative PCR. Terpene profiles were investigated using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectometry on uninfested and oviposited leaves. We found 698 and 1,115 significantly differentially expressed genes from the resistant and susceptible interactions, respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment and Mapman analyses identified putative defense mechanisms including cell wall reinforcement, protease inhibitors, cell cycle suppression and regulatory hormone signaling pathways. There were significant differences in the mono- and sesquiterpene profiles between genotypes and between control and infested material. A model of the interaction between Eucalyptus and L. invasa was proposed from the transcriptomic and chemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn N Oates
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private bag x20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Carsten Külheim
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 116 Daley Rd, Canberra, 0200, ACT, Australia
| | - Alexander A Myburg
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private bag x20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Bernard Slippers
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private bag x20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Sanushka Naidoo
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private bag x20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
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Gramig GG, Harris MO. Plant Photosynthetic Responses During Insect Effector-Triggered Plant Susceptibility and Immunity. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 44:601-609. [PMID: 26313966 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gall-inducing insects are known for altering source-sink relationships within plants. Changes in photosynthesis may contribute to this phenomenon. We investigated photosynthetic responses in wheat [Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae: Triticeae)] seedlings attacked by the Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae], which uses a salivary effector-based strategy to induce a gall nutritive tissue in susceptible plants. Resistant plants have surveillance systems mediated by products of Resistance (R) genes. Detection of a specific salivary effector triggers downstream responses that result in a resistance that kills neonate larvae. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to study maximum leaf photosynthetic assimilation and stomatal conductance rates. The plant treatments were-resistant or susceptible wheat lines expressing or not expressing the H13 resistance gene. The insect treatments were-no attack (control) or attack by larvae killed by H13 gene-mediated resistance. Photosynthesis was measured for the second and third leaves of the seedling, the latter being the only leaf directly attacked by larvae. We predicted effector-based attack would trigger increases in photosynthetic rates in susceptible but not resistant plants. For susceptible plants, attack was associated with increases (relative to controls) in photosynthesis for the third but not the second leaf. For resistant plants, attack was associated with increases in photosynthesis for both the second and third leaves. Mechanisms underlying the increases appeared to differ. Resistant plants exhibited responses suggesting altered source-sink relationships. Susceptible plants exhibited responses suggesting a mechanism other than altered source-sink relationships, possibly changes in water relations that contributed to increased stomatal conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta G Gramig
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102.
| | - Marion O Harris
- Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
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Griesser M, Lawo NC, Crespo-Martinez S, Schoedl-Hummel K, Wieczorek K, Gorecka M, Liebner F, Zweckmair T, Stralis Pavese N, Kreil D, Forneck A. Phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) alters the carbohydrate metabolism in root galls to allowing the compatible interaction with grapevine (Vitis ssp.) roots. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 234:38-49. [PMID: 25804808 PMCID: PMC4388344 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gall forming phylloxera may compete for nutrients with meristematic tissues and develop heterotrophic structures that act as carbon sinks. In this work, we studied the underlying starch metabolism, sink-source translocation of soluble sugars towards and within root galls. We demonstrated that nodosities store carbohydrates by starch accumulation and monitored the expression of genes involved in the starch metabolic. Thereby we proved that the nodosity is symplastically connected to the source tissues through its development and that the starch metabolism is significantly affected to synthesize and degrade starch within the gall. Genes required for starch biosynthesis and degradation are up-regulated. Among the carbohydrate transporters the expression of a glucose-6-phosphate translocater, one sucrose transporter and two SWEET proteins were increases, whereas hexose transporters, tonoplast monosaccharide transporter and Erd6-like sugar transporters were decreased. We found general evidence for plant response to osmotic stress in the nodosity as previously suggested for gall induction processes. We conclude that nodosities are heterogenous plant organs that accumulate starch to serve as temporary storage structure that is gradually withdrawn by phylloxera. Phylloxera transcriptionally reprograms gall tissues beyond primary metabolism and included downstream secondary processes, including response to osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Griesser
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Nora Caroline Lawo
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Sara Crespo-Martinez
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Katharina Schoedl-Hummel
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Krzysztof Wieczorek
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Miroslawa Gorecka
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Falk Liebner
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Zweckmair
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Nancy Stralis Pavese
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Kreil
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Astrid Forneck
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
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Santos Isaias RM, Oliveira DC, Moreira ASFP, Soares GLG, Carneiro RGS. The imbalance of redox homeostasis in arthropod-induced plant galls: Mechanisms of stress generation and dissipation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1509-17. [PMID: 25813551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galls have specialized tissues for the protection and nutrition of the inducers, and these tissues have been studied from the developmental and histochemical perspectives. Recently, the role of oxidative stress in galls has been tested histochemically through detection of H2O2 in gall tissues. SCOPE OF REVIEW Developmental processes and cytological events are revisited from the perspective of the redox-potential balance in both the apoplast and symplast, especially concerning the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The redox potential is imbalanced differently in the apoplast and symplast at gall sites, with the apoplast having lower antioxidant-buffering capacity than the symplast. The strategies to recover redox-potential homeostasis involve the dissipation of ROS by scavenging molecules, such as phenolics, flavonoid derivatives, tocopherol, and enzyme systems. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Insect galls are good models to test developmental hypotheses. Although the exact mechanisms of gall induction and development have not been elucidated at the biochemical and biophysical levels, modulation of the redox potential is involved in the crucial steps of gall initiation and establishment. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosy Mary Santos Isaias
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, CEP 31270-901.
| | - Denis Coelho Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Umuarama, Rua Ceará s/n, Bloco 2D, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, CEP 38400-902.
| | - Ana Sílvia Franco Pinheiro Moreira
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Umuarama, Rua Ceará s/n, Bloco 2D, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, CEP 38400-902.
| | - Geraldo Luiz Gonçalves Soares
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bl. IV, Prédio 43433, Sala 222, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, CEP 91509-900.
| | - Renê Gonçalves Silva Carneiro
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, CEP 31270-901.
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17
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Nabity PD, Haus MJ, Berenbaum MR, DeLucia EH. Leaf-galling phylloxera on grapes reprograms host metabolism and morphology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:16663-8. [PMID: 24067657 PMCID: PMC3799386 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1220219110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoparasitism by gall-forming insects dramatically alters the plant phenotype by altering growth patterns and modifying plant organs in ways that appear to directly benefit the gall former. Because these morphological and physiological changes are linked to the presence of the insect, the induced phenotype is said to function as an extension of the parasite, albeit by unknown mechanisms. Here we report the gall-forming aphid-like parasite phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, induces stomata on the adaxial surface of grape leaves where stomata typically do not occur. We characterized the function of the phylloxera-induced stomata by tracing transport of assimilated carbon. Because induction of stomata suggests a significant manipulation of primary metabolism, we also characterized the gall transcriptome to infer the level of global reconfiguration of primary metabolism and the subsequent changes in downstream secondary metabolism. Phylloxera feeding induced stomata formation in proximity to the insect and promoted the assimilation and importation of carbon into the gall. Gene expression related to water, nutrient, and mineral transport; glycolysis; and fermentation increased in leaf-gall tissues. This shift from an autotrophic to a heterotrophic profile occurred concurrently with decreased gene expression for nonmevalonate and terpenoid synthesis and increased gene expression in shikimate and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, secondary metabolite systems that alter defense status in grapes. These functional insect-induced stomata thus comprise part of an extended phenotype, whereby D. vitifoliae globally reprograms grape leaf development to alter patterns of primary metabolism, nutrient mobilization, and defense investment in favor of the galling habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Nabity
- Departments of Plant Biology and
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | | | - May R. Berenbaum
- Entomology, and
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Evan H. DeLucia
- Departments of Plant Biology and
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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18
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Schultz JC, Appel HM, Ferrieri AP, Arnold TM. Flexible resource allocation during plant defense responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:324. [PMID: 23986767 PMCID: PMC3749688 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants are organisms composed of modules connected by xylem and phloem transport streams. Attack by both insects and pathogens elicits sometimes rapid defense responses in the attacked module. We have also known for some time that proteins are often reallocated away from pathogen-infected tissues, while the same infection sites may draw carbohydrates to them. This has been interpreted as a tug of war in which the plant withdraws critical resources to block microbial growth while the microbes attempt to acquire more resources. Sink-source regulated transport among modules of critical resources, particularly carbon and nitrogen, is also altered in response to attack. Insects and jasmonate can increase local sink strength, drawing carbohydrates that support defense production. Shortly after attack, carbohydrates may also be drawn to the root. The rate and direction of movement of photosynthate or signals in phloem in response to attack is subject to constraints that include branching, degree of connection among tissues, distance between sources and sinks, proximity, strength, and number of competing sinks, and phloem loading/unloading regulators. Movement of materials (e.g., amino acids, signals) to or from attack sites in xylem is less well understood but is partly driven by transpiration. The root is an influential sink and may regulate sink-source interactions and transport above and below ground as well as between the plant and the rhizosphere and nearby, connected plants. Research on resource translocation in response to pathogens or herbivores has focused on biochemical mechanisms; whole-plant research is needed to determine which, if any, of these plant behaviors actually influence plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C. Schultz
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA
| | - Heidi M. Appel
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA
| | - Abigail P. Ferrieri
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJena, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Arnold
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Biology, Dickinson College, CarlislePA, USA
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19
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Ikeda DH, Bothwell HM, Lau MK, O'Neill GA, Grady KC, Whitham TG. A genetics-based Universal Community Transfer Function for predicting the impacts of climate change on future communities. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana H. Ikeda
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff Arizona 86011 USA
| | - Helen M. Bothwell
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff Arizona 86011 USA
| | - Matthew K. Lau
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff Arizona 86011 USA
| | - Gregory A. O'Neill
- Tree Improvement Branch; British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations; Kalamalka Forestry Centre; 3401 Reservoir Road Vernon British Columbia V1B 2C7 Canada
| | - Kevin C. Grady
- Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff Arizona 86011 USA
- School of Forestry; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff Arizona 86011 USA
| | - Thomas G. Whitham
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff Arizona 86011 USA
- Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff Arizona 86011 USA
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20
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Robert CAM, Erb M, Hibbard BE, Wade French B, Zwahlen C, Turlings TCJ. A specialist root herbivore reduces plant resistance and uses an induced plant volatile to aggregate in a density-dependent manner. Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.02030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christelle A. M. Robert
- Laboratory for Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE); University of Neuchâtel; Rue Emile-Argand 11 2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland
- Root-Herbivore Interactions Group; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology; Beutenberg Campus; Hans-Knöll-Str. 8 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Matthias Erb
- Root-Herbivore Interactions Group; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology; Beutenberg Campus; Hans-Knöll-Str. 8 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Bruce E. Hibbard
- United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetics Research Unit; University of Missouri; 205 Curtis Hall Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - B. Wade French
- United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory; 2923 Medary Avenue Brookings SD 57006 USA
| | - Claudia Zwahlen
- Laboratory for Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE); University of Neuchâtel; Rue Emile-Argand 11 2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Ted C. J. Turlings
- Laboratory for Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE); University of Neuchâtel; Rue Emile-Argand 11 2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland
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21
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Herbivore host-associated genetic differentiation depends on the scale of plant genetic variation examined. Evol Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-012-9582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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