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LaManna JA, Hartig F, Myers JA, Freckleton RP, Detto M, Surendra A, Doolittle CJ, Bachelot B, Bagchi R, Comita LS, DeFilippis DM, Huanca-Nunez N, Hülsmann L, Jevon FV, Johnson DJ, Krishnadas M, Magee LJ, Mangan SA, Milici VR, Murengera ALB, Schnitzer SA, Smith DJB, Stein C, Sullivan MK, Torres E, Umaña MN, Delavaux CS. Consequences of Local Conspecific Density Effects for Plant Diversity and Community Dynamics. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14506. [PMID: 39354892 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Conspecific density dependence (CDD) in plant populations is widespread, most likely caused by local-scale biotic interactions, and has potentially important implications for biodiversity, community composition, and ecosystem processes. However, progress in this important area of ecology has been hindered by differing viewpoints on CDD across subfields in ecology, lack of synthesis across CDD-related frameworks, and misunderstandings about how empirical measurements of local CDD fit within the context of broader ecological theories on community assembly and diversity maintenance. Here, we propose a conceptual synthesis of local-scale CDD and its causes, including species-specific antagonistic and mutualistic interactions. First, we compare and clarify different uses of CDD and related concepts across subfields within ecology. We suggest the use of local stabilizing/destabilizing CDD to refer to the scenario where local conspecific density effects are more negative/positive than heterospecific effects. Second, we discuss different mechanisms for local stabilizing and destabilizing CDD, how those mechanisms are interrelated, and how they cut across several fields of study within ecology. Third, we place local stabilizing/destabilizing CDD within the context of broader ecological theories and discuss implications and challenges related to scaling up the effects of local CDD on populations, communities, and metacommunities. The ultimate goal of this synthesis is to provide a conceptual roadmap for researchers studying local CDD and its implications for population and community dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A LaManna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Florian Hartig
- Theoretical Ecology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Myers
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert P Freckleton
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matteo Detto
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Akshay Surendra
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Cole J Doolittle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bénédicte Bachelot
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Robert Bagchi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Liza S Comita
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - David M DeFilippis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Lisa Hülsmann
- Ecosystem Analysis and Simulation (EASI) Lab, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Fiona V Jevon
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel J Johnson
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Meghna Krishnadas
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Lukas J Magee
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Scott A Mangan
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
| | - Valerie R Milici
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Stefan A Schnitzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel J B Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Claudia Stein
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama, USA
| | - Megan K Sullivan
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ethan Torres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - María Natalia Umaña
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Camille S Delavaux
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Soto I, Balzani P, Carneiro L, Cuthbert RN, Macêdo R, Serhan Tarkan A, Ahmed DA, Bang A, Bacela-Spychalska K, Bailey SA, Baudry T, Ballesteros-Mejia L, Bortolus A, Briski E, Britton JR, Buřič M, Camacho-Cervantes M, Cano-Barbacil C, Copilaș-Ciocianu D, Coughlan NE, Courtois P, Csabai Z, Dalu T, De Santis V, Dickey JWE, Dimarco RD, Falk-Andersson J, Fernandez RD, Florencio M, Franco ACS, García-Berthou E, Giannetto D, Glavendekic MM, Grabowski M, Heringer G, Herrera I, Huang W, Kamelamela KL, Kirichenko NI, Kouba A, Kourantidou M, Kurtul I, Laufer G, Lipták B, Liu C, López-López E, Lozano V, Mammola S, Marchini A, Meshkova V, Milardi M, Musolin DL, Nuñez MA, Oficialdegui FJ, Patoka J, Pattison Z, Pincheira-Donoso D, Piria M, Probert AF, Rasmussen JJ, Renault D, Ribeiro F, Rilov G, Robinson TB, Sanchez AE, Schwindt E, South J, Stoett P, Verreycken H, Vilizzi L, Wang YJ, Watari Y, Wehi PM, Weiperth A, Wiberg-Larsen P, Yapıcı S, Yoğurtçuoğlu B, Zenni RD, Galil BS, Dick JTA, Russell JC, Ricciardi A, Simberloff D, Bradshaw CJA, Haubrock PJ. Taming the terminological tempest in invasion science. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1357-1390. [PMID: 38500298 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Standardised terminology in science is important for clarity of interpretation and communication. In invasion science - a dynamic and rapidly evolving discipline - the proliferation of technical terminology has lacked a standardised framework for its development. The result is a convoluted and inconsistent usage of terminology, with various discrepancies in descriptions of damage and interventions. A standardised framework is therefore needed for a clear, universally applicable, and consistent terminology to promote more effective communication across researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers. Inconsistencies in terminology stem from the exponential increase in scientific publications on the patterns and processes of biological invasions authored by experts from various disciplines and countries since the 1990s, as well as publications by legislators and policymakers focusing on practical applications, regulations, and management of resources. Aligning and standardising terminology across stakeholders remains a challenge in invasion science. Here, we review and evaluate the multiple terms used in invasion science (e.g. 'non-native', 'alien', 'invasive' or 'invader', 'exotic', 'non-indigenous', 'naturalised', 'pest') to propose a more simplified and standardised terminology. The streamlined framework we propose and translate into 28 other languages is based on the terms (i) 'non-native', denoting species transported beyond their natural biogeographic range, (ii) 'established non-native', i.e. those non-native species that have established self-sustaining populations in their new location(s) in the wild, and (iii) 'invasive non-native' - populations of established non-native species that have recently spread or are spreading rapidly in their invaded range actively or passively with or without human mediation. We also highlight the importance of conceptualising 'spread' for classifying invasiveness and 'impact' for management. Finally, we propose a protocol for classifying populations based on (i) dispersal mechanism, (ii) species origin, (iii) population status, and (iv) impact. Collectively and without introducing new terminology, the framework that we present aims to facilitate effective communication and collaboration in invasion science and management of non-native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Soto
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Paride Balzani
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Laís Carneiro
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Curitiba, 81530-000, Brazil
| | - Ross N Cuthbert
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Rafael Macêdo
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, 12587, Germany
| | - Ali Serhan Tarkan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kötekli, Menteşe, Muğla, 48000, Turkey
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, Lodz, 90-237, Poland
| | - Danish A Ahmed
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullaj Area, Hawally, 32093, Kuwait
| | - Alok Bang
- Biology Group, School of Arts and Sciences, Azim Premji University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462010, India
| | - Karolina Bacela-Spychalska
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, Łódź, 90-237, Poland
| | - Sarah A Bailey
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, Ontario, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Thomas Baudry
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interaction, UMR, CNRS 7267 Équipe Écologie Évolution Symbiose, 3 rue Jacques Fort, Poitiers, Cedex, 86000, France
| | - Liliana Ballesteros-Mejia
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Sorbonne Université, Université des Antilles, 45 Rue Buffon, Entomologie, Paris, 75005, France
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alejandro Bortolus
- Grupo de Ecología en Ambientes Costeros. Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Centro Nacional Patagónico, Boulevard Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, U9120ACD, Argentina
| | - Elizabeta Briski
- GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Wischhofstraße 1-3, Kiel, 24148, Germany
| | - J Robert Britton
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kötekli, Menteşe, Muğla, 48000, Turkey
| | - Miloš Buřič
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Morelia Camacho-Cervantes
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cano-Barbacil
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Clamecystraße 12, Gelnhausen, 63571, Germany
| | - Denis Copilaș-Ciocianu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Hydrobionts, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, Vilnius, 08412, Lithuania
| | - Neil E Coughlan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, T23 TK30, Republic of Ireland
| | - Pierre Courtois
- Centre d'Économie de l'Environnement - Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Institut Agro, Avenue Agropolis, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Zoltán Csabai
- University of Pécs, Department of Hydrobiology, Ifjúság 6, Pécs, H-7673, Hungary
- HUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno 3, Tihany, H-8237, Hungary
| | - Tatenda Dalu
- Aquatic Systems Research Group, School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Cnr R40 and D725 Roads, Nelspruit, 1200, South Africa
| | - Vanessa De Santis
- Water Research Institute-National Research Council, Largo Tonolli 50, Verbania-Pallanza, 28922, Italy
| | - James W E Dickey
- GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Wischhofstraße 1-3, Kiel, 24148, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Romina D Dimarco
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Science & Research Building 2, 3455 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5001, USA
| | | | - Romina D Fernandez
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CC34, 4107, Yerba Buena, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Margarita Florencio
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edificio de Biología, Darwin, 2, 28049, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, 28049, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Clara S Franco
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, Girona, Catalonia, 17003, Spain
| | - Emili García-Berthou
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, Girona, Catalonia, 17003, Spain
| | - Daniela Giannetto
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kötekli, Menteşe, Muğla, 48000, Turkey
| | - Milka M Glavendekic
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, Łódź, 90-237, Poland
| | - Gustavo Heringer
- Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Umwelt Nürtingen-Geislingen (HfWU), Schelmenwasen 4-8, Nürtingen, 72622, Germany
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Ileana Herrera
- Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Km 2.5 Vía La Puntilla, Samborondón, 091650, Ecuador
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Casilla Postal 17-07-8982, Quito, 170501, Ecuador
| | - Wei Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Katie L Kamelamela
- School of Ocean Futures, Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
| | - Natalia I Kirichenko
- Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Centre 'Krasnoyarsk Science Centre SB RAS', Akademgorodok 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
- Siberian Federal University, Institute of Ecology and Geography, 79 Svobodny pr, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, Institutski Per. 5, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russia
| | - Antonín Kouba
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Melina Kourantidou
- Department of Business and Sustainability, University of Southern Denmark, Degnevej 14, Esbjerg, 6705, Denmark
- AMURE-Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux, UMR 6308, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, IUEM- Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, rue Dumont d'Urville, Plouzané, 29280, France
- Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Irmak Kurtul
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK
- Marine and Inland Waters Sciences and Technology Department, Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Gabriel Laufer
- Área Biodiversidad y Conservación, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Miguelete 1825, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Boris Lipták
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
- Slovak Environment Agency, Tajovského 28, Banská Bystrica, 975 90, Slovak Republic
| | - Chunlong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266005, China
| | - Eugenia López-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, 11340, Mexico
| | - Vanessa Lozano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39/A, Sassari, 07100, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Centre, Piazza Marina, 61, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Stefano Mammola
- National Biodiversity Future Centre, Piazza Marina, 61, Palermo, 90133, Italy
- Molecular Ecology Group, Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Corso Tonolli 50, Pallanza, 28922, Italy
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, Helsinki, 00100, Finland
| | - Agnese Marchini
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via S. Epifanio 14, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Valentyna Meshkova
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology, and Physiology, Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration, Pushkinska 86, Kharkiv, UA-61024, Ukraine
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1283, Suchdol, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Milardi
- Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA), 13 Rue de Marseille, Le Port, La Réunion, 97420, France
| | - Dmitrii L Musolin
- European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, 21 bd Richard Lenoir, Paris, 75011, France
| | - Martin A Nuñez
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Science & Research Building 2, 3455 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5001, USA
| | - Francisco J Oficialdegui
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Patoka
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Zarah Pattison
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
- Modelling, Evidence and Policy Group, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Daniel Pincheira-Donoso
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Marina Piria
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, Lodz, 90-237, Poland
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife management and Special Zoology, Svetošimunska cesta 25, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Anna F Probert
- Zoology Discipline, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia
| | - Jes Jessen Rasmussen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Njalsgade 76, Copenhagen S, 2300, Denmark
| | - David Renault
- Université de Rennes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Écosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution, Rennes, 35000, France
| | - Filipe Ribeiro
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Gil Rilov
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, P.O. Box 8030, Haifa, 31080, Israel
| | - Tamara B Robinson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Axel E Sanchez
- Posgrado en Hidrociencias, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco 36.5 km, Montecillo, Texcoco, C.P. 56264, Mexico
| | - Evangelina Schwindt
- Grupo de Ecología en Ambientes Costeros, Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Boulevard Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, U9120ACD, Argentina
| | - Josie South
- Water@Leeds, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter Stoett
- Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, Ontario, L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Hugo Verreycken
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Havenlaan 88 Box 73, Brussels, 1000, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Vilizzi
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, Lodz, 90-237, Poland
| | - Yong-Jian Wang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, F9F4+6FV, Dangui Rd, Hongshan, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuya Watari
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Priscilla M Wehi
- Te Pūnaha Matatini National Centre of Research Excellence in Complex Systems, University of Auckland, Private Bag 29019, Aotearoa, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago, 563 Castle Street North, Dunedin North, Aotearoa, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - András Weiperth
- Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Ave 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Peter Wiberg-Larsen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 4-8, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Sercan Yapıcı
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kötekli, Menteşe, Muğla, 48000, Turkey
| | - Baran Yoğurtçuoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe Campus, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Rafael D Zenni
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Bella S Galil
- Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Klaunserstr. 12, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jaimie T A Dick
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - James C Russell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Anthony Ricciardi
- Redpath Museum and Bieler School of Environment, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Quebec, Quebec, H3A 0C4, Canada
| | - Daniel Simberloff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Corey J A Bradshaw
- Global Ecology, Partuyarta Ngadluku Wardli Kuu, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, 5001, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillip J Haubrock
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullaj Area, Hawally, 32093, Kuwait
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Clamecystraße 12, Gelnhausen, 63571, Germany
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Liu R, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Cao L, Yan C. A global evaluation of the associations between long-term dynamics of seed falls and rodents. Integr Zool 2023; 18:831-842. [PMID: 35636774 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
One classic system of pulsed resource and animal population is mast seeding and population dynamics of seed-eating rodents in forests. However, we still lack an understanding of the global patterns regarding the contributions of seed falls to rodent outbreaks or population dynamics. We analyzed a global dataset of coupled long-term time series of seed abundances and rodent populations from published literature, including 66 and 89 time series (156 rodent-seed pairs from 37 studies) for rodent and seed abundances, respectively. We found only half of the examined rodent populations showed statistically significant coincidence between rodent outbreak and mast-seeding years. Over all the coupled time series, seed abundance was found to positively correlate with rodent abundance with a one-year lag, and the relative importance of seed abundance was much lower than that of density dependence in affecting rodent population growth rates. We also found the relative importance of seed abundance decreased, but that of rodent density dependence increased with the latitude of study. For the first time, our work provides a global pattern on the associations between seed falls and rodent population dynamics mostly in mid- and high-latitude forests, and highlights the necessity of more long-term studies on this subject in more forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology & School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology & School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongmao Zhang
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Cao
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Institute of Biodiversity, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Chuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology & School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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4
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Sinclair JS, Briland R, Fraker ME, Hood JM, Frank KT, Faust MD, Knight C, Ludsin SA. Anthropogenic change decouples a freshwater predator's density feedback. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7613. [PMID: 37165038 PMCID: PMC10172374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific interactions within predator populations can affect predator-prey dynamics and community structure, highlighting the need to better understand how these interactions respond to anthropogenic change. To this end, we used a half-century (1969-2018) of abundance and size-at-age data from Lake Erie's walleye (Sander vitreus) population to determine how anthropogenic alterations have influenced intraspecific interactions. Before the 1980s, the length-at-age of younger walleye (ages 1 and 2) negatively correlated with older (age 3 +) walleye abundance, signaling a 'density feedback' in which intraspecific competition limited growth. However, after the early 1980s this signal of intraspecific competition disappeared. This decoupling of the density feedback was related to multiple anthropogenic changes, including a larger walleye population resulting from better fisheries management, planned nutrient reductions to improve water quality and transparency, warmer water temperatures, and the proliferation of a non-native fish with novel traits (white perch, Morone americana). We argue that these changes may have reduced competitive interactions by reducing the spatial overlap between older and younger walleye and by introducing novel prey. Our findings illustrate the potential for anthropogenic change to diminish density dependent intraspecific interactions within top predator populations, which has important ramifications for predicting predator dynamics and managing natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Sinclair
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Clamecystraße 12, 63571, Gelnhausen, Hesse, Germany.
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, The Ohio State University, 1314 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH, 43221, USA.
| | - R Briland
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, The Ohio State University, 1314 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH, 43221, USA
- Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, 50 W. Town St. Suite 700, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - M E Fraker
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research and Michigan Sea Grant, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, 4840 S. State, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - J M Hood
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, The Ohio State University, 1314 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH, 43221, USA
- Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, 1760 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - K T Frank
- Ocean and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M D Faust
- Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife, Sandusky Fisheries Research Station, 305 East Shoreline Drive, Sandusky, OH, 44870, USA
| | - C Knight
- Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife, Fairport Fisheries Research Unit, 1190 High Street, Fairport Harbor, OH, 44077, USA
| | - S A Ludsin
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, The Ohio State University, 1314 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH, 43221, USA
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5
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Fernández‐Gil A, Lamas JA, Ansola LM, Román J, de Gabriel Hernando M, Revilla E. Population dynamics of recovering apex predators: Golden eagles in a Mediterranean landscape. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Fernández‐Gil
- Department of Conservation Biology Estación Biológica de Doñana‐CSIC Sevilla Spain
| | | | | | - J. Román
- Department of Conservation Biology Estación Biológica de Doñana‐CSIC Sevilla Spain
| | - M. de Gabriel Hernando
- Department of Conservation Biology Estación Biológica de Doñana‐CSIC Sevilla Spain
- Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences Universidad de León León Spain
| | - E. Revilla
- Department of Conservation Biology Estación Biológica de Doñana‐CSIC Sevilla Spain
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6
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Juvenile Hake Merluccius gayi Spatiotemporal Expansion and Adult-Juvenile Relationships in Chile. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The abundance of juvenile fish changes due to endogenous processes, and determining the functional relationships among conspecifics is essential for fisheries’ management. The hake (Merluccius gayi) is an overexploited demersal fish widely distributed in Chile, from 23°39′ S to 47°00′ S in shallow and deep water over the continental shelf and shelf break. We studied the spatiotemporal distribution of hake juveniles (from ages 0 and 1), emphasizing endogenous relationships among juveniles and adults. The abundance per age data were obtained from bottom trawl cruises carried out in the austral winter between 1997 and 2018. Generalized additive models showed a similar spatiotemporal pattern for ages between 0 and 1, and negative effects of adult hake aged seven and older on the abundance of the young generation. Regarding the changes in juvenile abundance, the residual deviance of selected models explained 75.9% (for the age 0) and 95.3% (for the age 1) of the null deviance, revealing a significant increase in juvenile abundance from 2002 to 2007 and subsequent abundance stability at higher levels. Furthermore, the expansion in the abundance of juveniles after 2002 was favored by the low abundance of older adult hake, most which are able to cannibalize young hake. Our results highlight the importance of endogenous factors in the spatial distribution of Chilean hake juveniles to identify nurseries or juvenile areas free of potential cannibal adults.
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7
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Mammal 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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8
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McLeod SR, Finch N, Wallace G, Pople AR. Assessing the spatial and temporal organization of Red Kangaroo, Western Grey Kangaroo and Eastern Grey Kangaroo populations in eastern Australia using multivariate autoregressive state‐space models. ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT & RESTORATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/emr.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Bradshaw CJA, Ehrlich PR, Beattie A, Ceballos G, Crist E, Diamond J, Dirzo R, Ehrlich AH, Harte J, Harte ME, Pyke G, Raven PH, Ripple WJ, Saltré F, Turnbull C, Wackernagel M, Blumstein DT. Underestimating the Challenges of Avoiding a Ghastly Future. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2020.615419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We report three major and confronting environmental issues that have received little attention and require urgent action. First, we review the evidence that future environmental conditions will be far more dangerous than currently believed. The scale of the threats to the biosphere and all its lifeforms—including humanity—is in fact so great that it is difficult to grasp for even well-informed experts. Second, we ask what political or economic system, or leadership, is prepared to handle the predicted disasters, or even capable of such action. Third, this dire situation places an extraordinary responsibility on scientists to speak out candidly and accurately when engaging with government, business, and the public. We especially draw attention to the lack of appreciation of the enormous challenges to creating a sustainable future. The added stresses to human health, wealth, and well-being will perversely diminish our political capacity to mitigate the erosion of ecosystem services on which society depends. The science underlying these issues is strong, but awareness is weak. Without fully appreciating and broadcasting the scale of the problems and the enormity of the solutions required, society will fail to achieve even modest sustainability goals.
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10
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Johnson‐Bice SM, Ferguson JM, Erb JD, Gable TD, Windels SK. Ecological forecasts reveal limitations of common model selection methods: predicting changes in beaver colony densities. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02198. [PMID: 32583507 PMCID: PMC7816246 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there have been numerous calls to make ecology a more predictive science through direct empirical assessments of ecological models and predictions. While the widespread use of model selection using information criteria has pushed ecology toward placing a higher emphasis on prediction, few attempts have been made to validate the ability of information criteria to correctly identify the most parsimonious model with the greatest predictive accuracy. Here, we used an ecological forecasting framework to test the ability of information criteria to accurately predict the relative contribution of density dependence and density-independent factors (forage availability, harvest, weather, wolf [Canis lupus] density) on inter-annual fluctuations in beaver (Castor canadensis) colony densities. We modeled changes in colony densities using a discrete-time Gompertz model, and assessed the performance of four models using information criteria values: density-independent models with (1) and without (2) environmental covariates; and density-dependent models with (3) and without (4) environmental covariates. We then evaluated the forecasting accuracy of each model by withholding the final one-third of observations from each population and compared observed vs. predicted densities. Information criteria and our forecasting accuracy metrics both provided strong evidence of compensatory density dependence in the annual dynamics of beaver colony densities. However, despite strong within-sample performance by the most complex model (density-dependent with covariates) as determined using information criteria, hindcasts of colony densities revealed that the much simpler density-dependent model without covariates performed nearly as well predicting out-of-sample colony densities. The hindcast results indicated that the complex model over-fit our data, suggesting that parameters identified by information criteria as important predictor variables are only marginally valuable for predicting landscape-scale beaver colony dynamics. Our study demonstrates the importance of evaluating ecological models and predictions with long-term data and revealed how a known limitation of information criteria (over-fitting of complex models) can affect our interpretation of ecological dynamics. While incorporating knowledge of the factors that influence animal population dynamics can improve population forecasts, we suggest that comparing forecast performance metrics can likewise improve our knowledge of the factors driving population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Johnson‐Bice
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Manitoba50 Sifton RoadWinnipegManitobaR3T 2N2Canada
- Natural Resources Research InstituteUniversity of Minnesota Duluth5013 Miller Trunk HighwayDuluthMinnesota55812USA
| | - Jake M. Ferguson
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Hawai`i at Mānoa2538 McCarthy MallHonoluluHawaii96822USA
| | - John D. Erb
- Forest Wildlife Populations and Research GroupMinnesota Department of Natural Resources1201 E. highway 2Grand RapidsMinnesota55744USA
| | - Thomas D. Gable
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of Minnesota Twin Cities2003 Upper Buford CircleSt. PaulMinnesota55108USA
| | - Steve K. Windels
- Natural Resources Research InstituteUniversity of Minnesota Duluth5013 Miller Trunk HighwayDuluthMinnesota55812USA
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of Minnesota Twin Cities2003 Upper Buford CircleSt. PaulMinnesota55108USA
- Voyageurs National Park360 Highway 11 E.International FallsMinnesota56649USA
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11
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Dhole S, Lloyd AL, Gould F. Gene Drive Dynamics in Natural Populations: The Importance of Density Dependence, Space, and Sex. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS 2020; 51:505-531. [PMID: 34366722 PMCID: PMC8340601 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-031120-101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The spread of synthetic gene drives is often discussed in the context of panmictic populations connected by gene flow and described with simple deterministic models. Under such assumptions, an entire species could be altered by releasing a single individual carrying an invasive gene drive, such as a standard homing drive. While this remains a theoretical possibility, gene drive spread in natural populations is more complex and merits a more realistic assessment. The fate of any gene drive released in a population would be inextricably linked to the population's ecology. Given the uncertainty often involved in ecological assessment of natural populations, understanding the sensitivity of gene drive spread to important ecological factors is critical. Here we review how different forms of density dependence, spatial heterogeneity, and mating behaviors can impact the spread of self-sustaining gene drives. We highlight specific aspects of gene drive dynamics and the target populations that need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Dhole
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Alun L Lloyd
- Biomathematics Graduate Program and Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8213, USA
- Genetic Engineering and Society Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7565, USA
| | - Fred Gould
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Genetic Engineering and Society Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7565, USA
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12
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Sedda L, Taylor BM, Eiras AE, Marques JT, Dillon RJ. Using the intrinsic growth rate of the mosquito population improves spatio-temporal dengue risk estimation. Acta Trop 2020; 208:105519. [PMID: 32389450 PMCID: PMC7315132 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding geographic population dynamics of mosquitoes is an essential requirement for estimating the risk of mosquito-borne disease transmission and geographically targeted interventions. However, the use of population dynamics measures, such as the intrinsic growth rate, as predictors in spatio-temporal point processes has not been investigated before. In this work we compared the predictive accuracy of four spatio-temporal log-Gaussian Cox models: (i) With no predictors; (ii) mosquito abundance as predictor; (iii) intrinsic growth rate as predictor; (iv) intrinsic growth rate and mosquito abundance as predictors. This analysis is based on Aedes aegypti mosquito surveillance and human dengue data obtained from the urban area of Caratinga, Brazil. We used a statistical Moran Curve approach to estimate the intrinsic growth rate and a zero inflated Poisson kriging model for estimating mosquito abundance at locations of dengue cases. The incidence of dengue cases was positively associated with mosquito intrinsic growth rate and this model outperformed, in terms of predictive accuracy, the abundance and the null models. The latter includes only the spatio-temporal random effect but no predictors. In the light of these results we suggest that the intrinsic growth rate should be investigated further as a potential tool for predicting the risk of dengue transmission and targeting health interventions for vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Sedda
- Lancaster Medical School, Furness Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK.
| | - Benjamín M Taylor
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics (CHICAS), Lancaster Medical School, Furness Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Alvaro E Eiras
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 30270-901, Brazil
| | - João Trindade Marques
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 30270-901, Brazil; Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UPR9022, Inserm U1257, 67084 Strasbourrg, France
| | - Rod J Dillon
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Furness Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
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13
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Population Trends and Urbanization: Simulating Density Effects Using a Local Regression Approach. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi9070454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Density-dependent population growth regulates long-term urban expansion and shapes distinctive socioeconomic trends. Despite a marked heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of the resident population, Mediterranean European countries are considered more homogeneous than countries in other European regions as far as settlement structure and processes of metropolitan growth are concerned. However, rising socioeconomic inequalities among Southern European regions reflect latent demographic and territorial transformations that require further investigation. An integrated assessment of the spatio-temporal distribution of resident populations in more than 1000 municipalities (1961–2011) was carried out in this study to characterize density-dependent processes of metropolitan growth in Greece. Using geographically weighted regressions, the results of our study identified distinctive local relationships between population density and growth rates over time. Our results demonstrate that demographic growth rates were non-linearly correlated with other variables, such as population density, with positive and negative impacts during the first (1961–1971) and the last (2001–2011) observation decade, respectively. These findings outline a progressive shift over time from density-dependent processes of population growth, reflecting a rapid development of large metropolitan regions (Athens, Thessaloniki) in the 1960s, to density-dependent processes more evident in medium-sized cities and accessible rural regions in the 2000s. Density-independent processes of population growth have been detected in the intermediate study period (1971–2001). This work finally discusses how a long-term analysis of demographic growth, testing for density-dependent mechanisms, may clarify the intrinsic role of population concentration and dispersion in different phases of the metropolitan cycle in Mediterranean Europe.
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14
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Millon A, Lambin X, Devillard S, Schaub M. Quantifying the contribution of immigration to population dynamics: a review of methods, evidence and perspectives in birds and mammals. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:2049-2067. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Millon
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, IMBE, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale, Technopôle Arbois‐Méditerranée, Bât. Villemin – BP 80 F‐13545 Aix‐en‐Provence cedex 04 France
| | - Xavier Lambin
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Aberdeen Tillydrone Avenue, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ Aberdeen U.K
| | - Sébastien Devillard
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive F‐69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Michael Schaub
- Swiss Ornithological Institute Seerose 1, 6204 Sempach Switzerland
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15
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Leatherbury KN, Travis J. The effects of food level and social density on reproduction in the Least Killifish, Heterandria formosa. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:100-110. [PMID: 30680099 PMCID: PMC6341976 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The feedbacks from population density to demographic parameters, which drive population regulation, are the accumulated results of several ecological processes. The compensatory feedback from increased population density to fertility includes at least two distinct factors, the effects of decreases in per capita food level and increases in the social density (the number of interacting individuals). Because these effects have been studied separately, their relative importance is unknown. It is also unclear whether food limitation and social density combine additively to influence fertility. We investigated these questions with two factorial experiments on reproduction in the Least Killifish, Heterandria formosa. In one experiment, we crossed two levels of density with two levels of a total food ration that was distributed to all individuals. In the other experiment, we crossed two levels of density with two levels of per capita food. Whereas the first experiment suggested that the effects of variation in food level and density were synergistic, the second experiment indicated that they were not. The apparent synergism-the statistical interaction of food and density levels-was the result of confounding per capita food with social density in that design. In the second experiment, the effects of social density on reproductive rate were stronger than the effects of food level, whereas the effects of food level were stronger on offspring size at parturition than those of social density. The results suggest that the social stresses that emerge at higher densities play an important role in the compensatory response of fertility to density, a role, that is, at least as important as that of decreased per capita food levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Travis
- Department of Biological ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFlorida
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16
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Forsyth DM, Latham ADM, Davis NE, Caley P, Letnic M, Moloney PD, Woodford LP, Woolnough AP. Interactions between dingoes and introduced wild ungulates: concepts, evidence and knowledge gaps. AUSTRALIAN MAMMALOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/am17042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The dingo (Canis dingo or C. familiaris, including hybrids with feral dogs) is the apex carnivore on mainland Australia. Fifteen non-native ungulate species have established wild populations in Australia. Dingoes are managed to reduce impacts on domestic ungulates, and introduced wild ungulates are managed to reduce impacts on natural ecosystems and to minimise competition with domestic ungulates. There is speculation about the extent to which (1) dingoes limit the abundances of introduced wild ungulates, and (2) introduced wild ungulates sustain dingo populations. We reviewed the literature to identify potential ecological interactions between dingoes and introduced wild ungulates, and to synthesise evidence for interactions between dingoes and each ungulate species (including the percentage frequency occurrence (%FO) of ungulates in dingo diets). Eleven of the 15 ungulate species were recorded in the diet of dingoes, with the highest %FO occurrences reported for feral goats (73%) and cattle (60%). Two studies concluded that dingoes reduced ungulate abundances (feral goat (Capra hircus) and feral donkey (Equus asinus)), and two studies concluded that dingoes did not regulate feral pig (Sus scrofa) abundances. A fifth study concluded that dingoes exhibited a Type III functional response to increasing sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) abundances. A sixth study concluded that dingoes made relatively little use of hunter-shot sambar deer carcasses. We propose that interactions between dingoes and introduced wild ungulates depend on the sex–age classes vulnerable to dingo predation, dingo pack sizes, the availability of escape terrain for ungulates and the availability of alternative foods for dingoes. The interplay between environmental conditions and the population growth rate of ungulates, and hence their ability to sustain losses from predation, could also be important. We predict that dingoes will have most impact on the abundance of smaller ungulate species and neonates.
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17
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Edmunds PJ, Nelson HR, Bramanti L. Density‐dependence mediates coral assemblage structure. Ecology 2018; 99:2605-2613. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Edmunds
- Department of Biology California State University 18111 Nordhoff Street Northridge California 91330‐8303 USA
| | - Hannah R. Nelson
- Department of Biology California State University 18111 Nordhoff Street Northridge California 91330‐8303 USA
- Center for Population Biology University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Lorenzo Bramanti
- Department of Biology California State University 18111 Nordhoff Street Northridge California 91330‐8303 USA
- Sorbonne Université CNRS Laboratoire d'Ecogeochimie des Environnements Benthiques (LECOB) Observatoire Oceanologique 66650 Banyuls sur Mer France
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18
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Kufel L, Strzałek M, Przetakiewicz A. Plant response to overcrowding – Lemna minor example. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Montorio L, Evanno G, Nevoux M. Intra- and interspecific densities shape life-history traits in a salmonid population. Oecologia 2018; 188:451-464. [PMID: 29980844 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Population dynamics can be regulated through intra- and interspecific density dependence. In species with close ecological requirements, interspecific competition for resources may add to intraspecific density, or even exceed its effect; it may impact single or multiple traits. However, the relative impact of intra- and interspecific densities on demographic parameters has been rarely empirically assessed. We analyzed 18 years of capture-mark-recapture data from brown trout (Salmo trutta) coexisting with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during the juvenile freshwater phase in the Oir River (France) to estimate the relative effects of intra- and interspecific density on trout early life. In trout, a species with optional migration, we estimated the migration probability of young-of-the-year trout out of their natal site, survival probability during the first winter, as well as body size, in relation to both intra- and interspecific density. Trout density correlated negatively with body size and with winter survival in resident trout but not with trout migration. Salmon density correlated positively with trout migration, but no impact was detected on trout body size or survival. Our study highlighted contrasting effects of intra- and interspecific density on trout early life, and the need to account for both factors when studying population dynamics in coexisting species. In particular, by affecting trout migration decision, salmon density may drive trout life history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Montorio
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, 35042, Rennes, France.
| | - Guillaume Evanno
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Nevoux
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, 35042, Rennes, France.,INRA, 0985 (UMR ESE), Pôle GEST'AQUA, 35042, Rennes, France.,AFB, Pôle GEST'AQUA, 35042, Rennes, France
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Ponciano JM, Taper ML, Dennis B. Ecological change points: The strength of density dependence and the loss of history. Theor Popul Biol 2018; 121:45-59. [PMID: 29705062 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Change points in the dynamics of animal abundances have extensively been recorded in historical time series records. Little attention has been paid to the theoretical dynamic consequences of such change-points. Here we propose a change-point model of stochastic population dynamics. This investigation embodies a shift of attention from the problem of detecting when a change will occur, to another non-trivial puzzle: using ecological theory to understand and predict the post-breakpoint behavior of the population dynamics. The proposed model and the explicit expressions derived here predict and quantify how density dependence modulates the influence of the pre-breakpoint parameters into the post-breakpoint dynamics. Time series transitioning from one stationary distribution to another contain information about where the process was before the change-point, where is it heading and how long it will take to transition, and here this information is explicitly stated. Importantly, our results provide a direct connection of the strength of density dependence with theoretical properties of dynamic systems, such as the concept of resilience. Finally, we illustrate how to harness such information through maximum likelihood estimation for state-space models, and test the model robustness to widely different forms of compensatory dynamics. The model can be used to estimate important quantities in the theory and practice of population recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Ponciano
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Mark L Taper
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Brian Dennis
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences and Department of Statistical Science, University of Idaho, Moscow ID 83844-1136, USA
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21
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Kelly JK, Chiavacci SJ, Benson TJ, Ward MP. Who is in the neighborhood? Conspecific and heterospecific responses to perceived density for breeding habitat selection. Ethology 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janice K. Kelly
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences; University of Illinois; Urbana IL USA
| | | | - Thomas J. Benson
- Prairie Research Institute; Illinois Natural History Survey; University of Illinois; Champaign IL USA
| | - Michael P. Ward
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences; University of Illinois; Urbana IL USA
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22
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Himes Boor GK, Schultz CB, Crone EE, Morris WF. Mechanism matters: the cause of fluctuations in boom-bust populations governs optimal habitat restoration strategy. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 28:356-372. [PMID: 29164716 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many populations exhibit boom-bust dynamics in which abundance fluctuates dramatically over time. Past research has focused on identifying whether the cause of fluctuations is primarily exogenous, e.g., environmental stochasticity coupled with weak density dependence, or endogenous, e.g., over-compensatory density dependence. Far fewer studies have addressed whether the mechanism responsible for boom-bust dynamics matters with respect to at-risk species management. Here, we ask whether the best strategy for restoring habitat across a landscape differs under exogenously vs. endogenously driven boom-bust dynamics. We used spatially explicit individual-based models to assess how butterfly populations governed by the two mechanisms would respond to habitat restoration strategies that varied in the level of resource patchiness, from a single large patch to multiple patches spaced at different distances. Our models showed that the restoration strategy that minimized extinction risk and boom-bust dynamics would be markedly different depending on the governing mechanism. Exogenously governed populations fared best in a single large habitat patch, whereas for endogenously driven populations, boom-bust dynamics were dampened and extinction risk declined when the total restored area was split into multiple patches with low to moderate inter-patch spacing. Adding environmental stochasticity to the endogenous model did not alter this result. Habitat fragmentation lowered extinction risk in the endogenously driven populations by reducing their growth rate, precluding both "boom" phases and, more importantly, "bust" phases. Our findings suggest that (1) successful restoration will depend on understanding the causes of fluctuations in at-risk populations, (2) the level and pattern of spatiotemporal environmental heterogeneity will also affect the ideal management approach, and (3) counterintuitively, for at-risk species with endogenously governed boom-bust dynamics, lowering the intrinsic population growth rate may decrease extinction risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina K Himes Boor
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Cheryl B Schultz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, Washington, 98686, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Crone
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, USA
| | - William F Morris
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
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23
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Ousterhout BH, Semlitsch RD. Effects of conditionally expressed phenotypes and environment on amphibian dispersal in nature. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany H. Ousterhout
- Division of Biological Sciences; Univ. of Missouri; Columbia MO USA
- Dept of Biological Sciences; Univ. of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR 72701 USA
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24
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Campos Barbosa Júnior E, da Rocha PLB. Analysis of the accuracy and consistency of the behavioral ecology literature that investigates Tinbergen’s question “What does the behavior exist for?”. ANIM BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1163/15707563-17000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tinbergen’s question “What does the behavior exist for?” has contributed to the establishment of behavioral ecology. However, communication within this discipline could be impaired if one does not realize that the question may refer to distinct temporal scopes. Answering it requires specific methodological approaches for each scope: different interpretations of the question refer to different processes. Here we evaluate whether the behavioral ecology literature avoids these pitfalls. We analyze a sample of the articles related to Tinbergen’s question, evaluating if they: precisely delimit the temporal scope of the question; use methodology appropriate to the temporal scope of the article; accurately define the terms used to refer to the survival value of behavior; and use the terms consistently. Additionally, we evaluate whether the citation of these articles is impaired by misinterpretations regarding the temporal scope and terms associated with the question. Of the 22 analyzed articles, three present problems in defining the time of the question, but in the other 19, methods suited to the time studied were used. Four terms (fitness, effect, adaptation, and function) were used to refer to the utility of the behavior, but only one article defined all of them. We found no communication problems in the citing process regarding the time of interest of the question and the terms used to refer to the usefulness of the behavior in the 16 analyzed citation events. Low/medium- and high-impact articles were similar in terms of the problems found. We suggest future articles should define the terms used, in order to avoid miscommunication in the field.
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25
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Riotte-Lambert L, Benhamou S, Bonenfant C, Chamaillé-Jammes S. Spatial memory shapes density dependence in population dynamics. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:20171411. [PMID: 29167358 PMCID: PMC5719166 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most population dynamics studies assume that individuals use space uniformly, and thus mix well spatially. In numerous species, however, individuals do not move randomly, but use spatial memory to visit renewable resource patches repeatedly. To understand the extent to which memory-based foraging movement may affect density-dependent population dynamics through its impact on competition, we developed a spatially explicit, individual-based movement model where reproduction and death are functions of foraging efficiency. We compared the dynamics of populations of with- and without-memory individuals. We showed that memory-based movement leads to a higher population size at equilibrium, to a higher depletion of the environment, to a marked discrepancy between the global (i.e. measured at the population level) and local (i.e. measured at the individual level) intensities of competition, and to a nonlinear density dependence. These results call for a deeper investigation of the impact of individual movement strategies and cognitive abilities on population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Riotte-Lambert
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Simon Benhamou
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Christophe Bonenfant
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, - Bat. Grégor Mendel, 43 bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Simon Chamaillé-Jammes
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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26
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Westgate MJ, Lindenmayer DB. The difficulties of systematic reviews. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2017; 31:1002-1007. [PMID: 28042667 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The need for robust evidence to support conservation actions has driven the adoption of systematic approaches to research synthesis in ecology. However, applying systematic review to complex or open questions remains challenging, and this task is becoming more difficult as the quantity of scientific literature increases. We drew on the science of linguistics for guidance as to why the process of identifying and sorting information during systematic review remains so labor intensive, and to provide potential solutions. Several linguistic properties of peer-reviewed corpora-including nonrandom selection of review topics, small-world properties of semantic networks, and spatiotemporal variation in word meaning-greatly increase the effort needed to complete the systematic review process. Conversely, the resolution of these semantic complexities is a common motivation for narrative reviews, but this process is rarely enacted with the rigor applied during linguistic analysis. Therefore, linguistics provides a unifying framework for understanding some key challenges of systematic review and highlights 2 useful directions for future research. First, in cases where semantic complexity generates barriers to synthesis, ecologists should consider drawing on existing methods-such as natural language processing or the construction of research thesauri and ontologies-that provide tools for mapping and resolving that complexity. These tools could help individual researchers classify research material in a more robust manner and provide valuable guidance for future researchers on that topic. Second, a linguistic perspective highlights that scientific writing is a rich resource worthy of detailed study, an observation that can sometimes be lost during the search for data during systematic review or meta-analysis. For example, mapping semantic networks can reveal redundancy and complementarity among scientific concepts, leading to new insights and research questions. Consequently, wider adoption of linguistic approaches may facilitate improved rigor and richness in research synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Westgate
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - David B Lindenmayer
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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27
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Ruiz-Herrera A. Carry-over effects: population abundance, ecological shifts, and the (dis-)appearance of oscillations. Ecol Modell 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Seasonal dynamics with compensatory effects regulate populations of tropical forest marsupials: a 16-year study. Oecologia 2016; 182:1095-1106. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Turgeon K, Kramer DL. Immigration Rates during Population Density Reduction in a Coral Reef Fish. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156417. [PMID: 27271081 PMCID: PMC4896503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the importance of density-dependent dispersal has been recognized in theory, few empirical studies have examined how immigration changes over a wide range of densities. In a replicated experiment using a novel approach allowing within-site comparison, we examined changes in immigration rate following the gradual removal of territorial damselfish from a limited area within a much larger patch of continuous habitat. In all sites, immigration occurred at intermediate densities but did not occur before the start of removals and only rarely as density approached zero. In the combined data and in 5 of 7 sites, the number of immigrants was a hump-shaped function of density. This is the first experimental evidence for hump-shaped, density-dependent immigration. This pattern may be more widespread than previously recognized because studies over more limited density ranges have identified positive density dependence at low densities and negative density dependence at high densities. Positive density dependence at low density can arise from limits to the number of potential immigrants and from behavioral preferences for settling near conspecifics. Negative density dependence at high density can arise from competition for resources, especially high quality territories. The potential for non-linear effects of local density on immigration needs to be recognized for robust predictions of conservation reserve function, harvest impacts, pest control, and the dynamics of fragmented populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Turgeon
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Docteur Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Donald L. Kramer
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Docteur Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
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30
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Hydrology and density feedbacks control the ecology of intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis across habitats in seasonal climates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:6427-32. [PMID: 27162339 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602251113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report about field and theoretical studies on the ecology of the aquatic snails (Bulinus spp. and Biomphalaria pfeifferi) that serve as obligate intermediate hosts in the complex life cycle of the parasites causing human schistosomiasis. Snail abundance fosters disease transmission, and thus the dynamics of snail populations are critically important for schistosomiasis modeling and control. Here, we single out hydrological drivers and density dependence (or lack of it) of ecological growth rates of local snail populations by contrasting novel ecological and environmental data with various models of host demography. Specifically, we study various natural and man-made habitats across Burkina Faso's highly seasonal climatic zones. Demographic models are ranked through formal model comparison and structural risk minimization. The latter allows us to evaluate the suitability of population models while clarifying the relevant covariates that explain empirical observations of snail abundance under the actual climatic forcings experienced by the various field sites. Our results link quantitatively hydrological drivers to distinct population dynamics through specific density feedbacks, and show that statistical methods based on model averaging provide reliable snail abundance projections. The consistency of our ranking results suggests the use of ad hoc models of snail demography depending on habitat type (e.g., natural vs. man-made) and hydrological characteristics (e.g., ephemeral vs. permanent). Implications for risk mapping and space-time allocation of control measures in schistosomiasis-endemic contexts are discussed.
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31
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Ramirez RA, Eubanks MD. Herbivore density mediates the indirect effect of herbivores on plants via induced resistance and apparent competition. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Micky D. Eubanks
- Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
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32
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Gunton RM, Pöyry J. Scale‐specific spatial density dependence in parasitoids: a multi‐factor meta‐analysis. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juha Pöyry
- Natural Environment Centre Finnish Environment Institute (Syke) P.O. Box 140 FI‐00251 Helsinki Finland
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33
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Density-dependent dynamics of a dominant rain forest tree change with juvenile stage and time of masting. Oecologia 2016; 181:207-23. [PMID: 26792661 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although negative density dependence (NDD) can facilitate tree species coexistence in forests, the underlying mechanisms can differ, and rarely are the dynamics of seedlings and saplings studied together. Herein we present and discuss a novel mechanism based on our investigation of NDD predictions for the large, grove-forming ectomycorrhizal mast fruiting tree, Microberlinia bisulcata (Caesalpiniaceae), in an 82.5-ha plot at Korup, Cameroon. We tested whether juvenile density, size, growth and survival decreases with increasing conspecific adult basal area for 3245 'new' seedlings and 540 'old' seedlings (< 75-cm tall) during an approximately 4-year study period (2008-2012) and for 234 'saplings' (≥ 75-cm tall) during an approximately 6-year study period (2008-2014). We found that the respective densities of new seedlings, old seedlings and saplings were positively, not and negatively related to increasing BA. Maximum leaf numbers and heights of old seedlings were negatively correlated with increasing basal areas, as were sapling heights and stem diameters. Whereas survivorship of new seedlings decreased by more than one-half with increasing basal area over its range in 2010-2012, that of old seedlings decreased by almost two-thirds, but only in 2008-2010, and was generally unrelated to conspecific seedling density. In 2010-2012 relative growth rates in new seedlings' heights decreased with increasing basal area, as well as with increasing seedling density, together with increasing leaf numbers, whereas old seedlings' growth was unrelated to either conspecific density or basal area. Saplings of below-average height had reduced survivorship with increasing basal area (probability decreasing from approx. 0.4 to 0.05 over the basal area range tested), but only sapling growth in terms of leaf numbers decreased with increasing basal area. These static and dynamic results indicate that NDD is operating within this system, possibly stabilizing the M. bisulcata population. However, these NDD patterns are unlikely to be caused by symmetric competition or by consumers. Instead, an alternative mechanism for conspecific adult-juvenile negative feedback is proposed, one which involves the interaction between tree phenology and ectomycorrhizal linkages.
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34
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Ousterhout BH, Semlitsch RD. Non-additive response of larval ringed salamanders to intraspecific density. Oecologia 2015; 180:1137-45. [PMID: 26683834 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conditions experienced in early developmental stages can have long-term consequences for individual fitness. High intraspecific density during the natal period can affect juvenile and eventually adult growth rates, metabolism, immune function, survival, and fecundity. Despite the important ecological and evolutionary effects of early developmental density, the form of the relationship between natal density and resulting juvenile phenotype is poorly understood. To test competing hypotheses explaining responses to intraspecific density, we experimentally manipulated the initial larval density of ringed salamanders (Ambystoma annulatum), a pond-breeding amphibian, over 11 densities. We modeled the functional form of the relationship between natal density and juvenile traits, and compared the relative support for the various hypotheses based on their goodness of fit. These functional form models were then used to parameterize a simple simulation model of population growth. Our data support non-additive density dependence and presents an alternate hypothesis to additive density dependence, self-thinning and Allee effects in larval amphibians. We posit that ringed salamander larvae may be under selective pressure for tolerance to high density and increased efficiency in resource utilization. Additionally, we demonstrate that models of population dynamics are sensitive to assumptions of the functional form of density dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany H Ousterhout
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, 110 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Raymond D Semlitsch
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, 110 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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35
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Abstract
Density dependence could maintain diversity in forests, but studies continue to disagree on its role. Part of the disagreement results from the fact that different studies have evaluated different responses (survival, recruitment, or growth) of different stages (seeds, seedlings, or adults) to different inputs (density of seedlings, density or distance to adults). Most studies are conducted on a single site and thus are difficult to generalize. Using USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis data, we analyzed over a million seedling-to-sapling recruitment observations of 50 species from the eastern United States, controlling for the effects of climate. We focused on the per-seedling recruitment rate, because it is most likely to promote diversity and to be identified in observational or experimental data. To understand the prevalence of density dependence, we quantified the number of species with significant positive or negative effects. To understand the strength of density dependence, we determined the magnitude of effects among con- and heterospecifics, and how it changes with overall species abundance. We found that density dependence is pervasive among the 50 species, as the majority of them have significant effects and mostly negative. Density-dependence effects are stronger from conspecific than heterospecfic adult neighbors, consistent with the predictions of the Janzen-Connell hypothesis. Contrary to recent reports, density-dependence effects are more negative for common than rare species, suggesting disproportionately stronger population regulation in common species. We conclude that density dependence is pervasive, and it is strongest from conspecific neighbors of common species. Our analysis provides direct evidence that density dependence reaulates opulation dynamics of tree species in eastern U.S. forests.
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36
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Westgate MJ, Barton PS, Pierson JC, Lindenmayer DB. Text analysis tools for identification of emerging topics and research gaps in conservation science. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2015; 29:1606-1614. [PMID: 26271213 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Keeping track of conceptual and methodological developments is a critical skill for research scientists, but this task is increasingly difficult due to the high rate of academic publication. As a crisis discipline, conservation science is particularly in need of tools that facilitate rapid yet insightful synthesis. We show how a common text-mining method (latent Dirichlet allocation, or topic modeling) and statistical tests familiar to ecologists (cluster analysis, regression, and network analysis) can be used to investigate trends and identify potential research gaps in the scientific literature. We tested these methods on the literature on ecological surrogates and indicators. Analysis of topic popularity within this corpus showed a strong emphasis on monitoring and management of fragmented ecosystems, while analysis of research gaps suggested a greater role for genetic surrogates and indicators. Our results show that automated text analysis methods need to be used with care, but can provide information that is complementary to that given by systematic reviews and meta-analyses, increasing scientists' capacity for research synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Westgate
- The Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Philip S Barton
- The Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Jennifer C Pierson
- The Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - David B Lindenmayer
- The Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
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37
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Laforge MP, Uzal A, Medill SA, Mcloughlin PD. Scale‐dependent effects of density and habitat on foal survival. J Wildl Manage 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel P. Laforge
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Saskatchewan112 Science PlaceSaskatoonSKS7N 5E2Canada
| | - Antonio Uzal
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Saskatchewan112 Science PlaceSaskatoonSKS7N 5E2Canada
| | - Sarah A. Medill
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Saskatchewan112 Science PlaceSaskatoonSKS7N 5E2Canada
| | - Philip D. Mcloughlin
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Saskatchewan112 Science PlaceSaskatoonSKS7N 5E2Canada
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38
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39
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Bürgi LP, Roltsch WJ, Mills NJ. Allee effects and population regulation: a test for biotic resistance against an invasive leafroller by resident parasitoids. POPUL ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-014-0451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Herrando-Pérez S, Delean S, Brook BW, Cassey P, Bradshaw CJA. Spatial climate patterns explain negligible variation in strength of compensatory density feedbacks in birds and mammals. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91536. [PMID: 24618822 PMCID: PMC3950218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of long-term population data to separate the demographic role of climate from density-modified demographic processes has become a major topic of ecological investigation over the last two decades. Although the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that determine the strength of density feedbacks are now well understood, the degree to which climate gradients shape those processes across taxa and broad spatial scales remains unclear. Intuitively, harsh or highly variable environmental conditions should weaken compensatory density feedbacks because populations are hypothetically unable to achieve or maintain densities at which social and trophic interactions (e.g., competition, parasitism, predation, disease) might systematically reduce population growth. Here we investigate variation in the strength of compensatory density feedback, from long-term time series of abundance over 146 species of birds and mammals, in response to spatial gradients of broad-scale temperature precipitation variables covering 97 localities in 28 countries. We use information-theoretic metrics to rank phylogenetic generalized least-squares regression models that control for sample size (time-series length) and phylogenetic non-independence. Climatic factors explained < 1% of the remaining variation in density-feedback strength across species, with the highest non-control, model-averaged effect sizes related to extreme precipitation variables. We could not link our results directly to other published studies, because ecologists use contrasting responses, predictors and statistical approaches to correlate density feedback and climate--at the expense of comparability in a macroecological context. Censuses of multiple populations within a given species, and a priori knowledge of the spatial scales at which density feedbacks interact with climate, seem to be necessary to determine cross-taxa variation in this phenomenon. Despite the availability of robust modelling tools, the appropriate data have not yet been gathered for most species, meaning that we cannot yet make any robust generalisations about how demographic feedbacks interact with climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Herrando-Pérez
- The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Steven Delean
- The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Barry W. Brook
- The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Phillip Cassey
- The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Corey J. A. Bradshaw
- The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Herrando-Pérez S, Brook BW, Bradshaw CJA. Ecology Needs a Convention of Nomenclature. Bioscience 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biu013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Reynolds SA, Brassil CE. When can a single-species, density-dependent model capture the dynamics of a consumer-resource system? J Theor Biol 2013; 339:70-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Herrando-Pérez S. Climate change heats matrix population models. J Anim Ecol 2013; 82:1117-9. [PMID: 24102137 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic theory predicts that demographic rates can be expressed as a function of environmental temperature. Amarasekare & Coutinho (2013) build a novel matrix model where demographic rates (fertility, mortality, development) vary according to expected rates of climate warming. They challenge recent studies that claim low population viability of tropical species based on rmax estimated from the Euler-Lotka equation, because the latter assumes a constant stage distribution that is unrealistic under fast rates of warming and for organisms with long development. In those cases, the measurement of the temperature responses of life-history traits could be based in niche theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Herrando-Pérez
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, National Museum of Natural Sciences (CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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White TCR. Revisiting the ecological Tower of Babel: should the term ‘density dependence’ be abandoned? NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2013.827127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Xia J, Sun S, Liu G. Evidence of a component Allee effect driven by predispersal seed predation in a plant (Pedicularis rex, Orobanchaceae). Biol Lett 2013; 9:20130387. [PMID: 23925832 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A small or sparse population may suffer a reduction in fitness owing to Allee effects. Here, we explored effects of plant density on pollination, reproduction and predation in the alpine herb Pedicularis rex over two years. We did not detect a significant difference in the pollination rate or fecundity (fruit set and the initial seed set) before predation between sparse and dense patches in either year, indicating no pollination-driven Allee effect. However, dense patches experienced significantly fewer attacks by predispersal seed predators in both years, resulting in a significantly decreased realized fecundity (final seed set), suggesting a component Allee effect driven by predispersal seed predation. Predation-driven Allee effects have been predicted by many models and demonstrated for a range of animals, but there is scant evidence for such effects in plants. Our study provides strong evidence of a component Allee effect driven by predation in a plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
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Gunnarsson G, Elmberg J, Pöysä H, Nummi P, Sjöberg K, Dessborn L, Arzel C. Density dependence in ducks: a review of the evidence. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-013-0716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Herrando-Perez S, Delean S, Brook BW, Bradshaw CJA. Decoupling of component and ensemble density feedbacks in birds and mammals. Ecology 2012; 93:1728-40. [PMID: 22919918 DOI: 10.1890/11-1415.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A component density feedback represents the effect of change in population size on single demographic rates, whereas an ensemble density feedback captures that effect on the overall growth rate of a population. Given that a population's growth rate is a synthesis of the interplay of all demographic rates operating in a population, we test the hypothesis that the strength of ensemble density feedback must augment with increasing strength of component density feedback, using long-term censuses of population size, fertility, and survival rates of 109 bird and mammal populations (97 species). We found that compensatory and depensatory component feedbacks were common (each detected in approximately 50% of the demographic rates). However, component feedback strength only explained <10% of the variation in ensemble feedback strength. To explain why, we illustrate the different sources of decoupling between component and ensemble feedbacks. We argue that the management of anthropogenic impacts on populations using component feedbacks alone is ill-advised, just as managing on the basis of ensemble feedbacks without a mechanistic understanding of the contributions made by its components and environmental variability can lead to suboptimal decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Herrando-Perez
- The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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Herrando-Pérez S, Delean S, Brook BW, Bradshaw CJA. Strength of density feedback in census data increases from slow to fast life histories. Ecol Evol 2012; 2:1922-34. [PMID: 22957193 PMCID: PMC3433995 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-history theory predicts an increasing rate of population growth among species arranged along a continuum from slow to fast life histories. We examine the effects of this continuum on density-feedback strength estimated using long-term census data from >700 vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. Four life-history traits (Age at first reproduction, Body size, Fertility, Longevity) were related statistically to Gompertz strength of density feedback using generalized linear mixed-effects models and multi-model inference. Life-history traits alone explained 10 to 30% of the variation in strength across species (after controlling for time-series length and phylogenetic nonindependence). Effect sizes were largest for body size in mammals and longevity in birds, and density feedback was consistently stronger for smaller-bodied and shorter-lived species. Overcompensatory density feedback (strength <-1) occurred in 20% of species, predominantly at the fast end of the life-history continuum, implying relatively high population variability. These results support the idea that life history leaves an evolutionary signal in long-term population trends as inferred from census data. Where there is a lack of detailed demographic data, broad life-history information can inform management and conservation decisions about rebound capacity from low numbers, and propensity to fluctuate, of arrays of species in areas planned for development, harvesting, protection, and population recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Herrando-Pérez
- The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of AdelaideSouth Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Steven Delean
- The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of AdelaideSouth Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Barry W Brook
- The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of AdelaideSouth Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Corey J A Bradshaw
- The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of AdelaideSouth Australia, 5005, Australia
- South Australian Research and Development InstituteP.O. Box 120, Henley Beach, South Australia, 5022, Australia
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