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N addition alters growth, non-structural carbohydrates, and C:N:P stoichiometry of Reaumuria soongorica seedlings in Northwest China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15390. [PMID: 36100614 PMCID: PMC9470663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaumuria soongorica is an important biological barrier for ecological protection in the Gobi Desert in northwestern China, where soil nitrogen availability is low. N deposition has recently increased significantly in Gobi Desert, and the responses of R. soongorica to N enrichment may become a problem for ecological restoration and protection. However, little is known about the effects of N addition on the biomass, non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), and carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry of R. soongorica in this region. Here, we examined changes in biomass, NSC and C:N:P ratios of different organs of R. soongorica seedlings in four N addition treatments: 0 (N0), 4.6 (N1), 9.2 (N2), and 13.8 (N3) g m−2 year−1. N addition up to 9.2 g m−2 year−1 significantly increased the biomass of different organs, simultaneously increasing the belowground: aboveground ratio of R. soongorica seedlings. Root NSC concentrations significantly increased under all N addition treatments, but leaf and stem NSC concentrations only increased under the N1 and N2 addition treatments. Nitrogen addition enhanced the soluble sugar concentrations (SSC) of leaves and roots, and reduced starch concentrations (SC) of all organs. Stem and root N concentrations significantly increased under the N2 and N3 treatments, and leaf N concentrations only increased under the N3 treatment, but N addition had no significant effect on plant C and P concentrations. Leaf and stem C:N ratios decreased significantly under the N2 and N3 treatments, but root C:N decreased significantly in all N addition treatments. The N3 treatment significantly increased the N:P ratio of all organs. N addition significantly enhanced available N (AN), available P (AP) and total phosphorus (TP) in rhizosphere soil. Our results suggest that N addition alters the biomass, NSC, N concentrations, C:N and N:P ratios of all plant organs, but roots responded more strongly than stems or leaves to N addition, potentially allowing the plants to absorb more water from the arid soil in this region ensuring the survival of R. soongorica seedlings. Rhizosphere soil AP, AN and TP concentrations were important factors affecting the NSC concentrations and stoichiometric characteristics of R. soongorica.
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Sun ZC, Ma TY, Xu SQ, Guo HR, Hu CC, Chen CJ, Song W, Liu XY. Levels and variations of soil bioavailable nitrogen among forests under high atmospheric nitrogen deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156405. [PMID: 35660601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To examine the perturbation of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on soil N status and the biogeochemical cycle is meaningful for understanding forest function evolution with environmental changes. However, levels of soil bioavailable N and their environmental controls in forests receiving high atmospheric N deposition remain less investigated, which hinders evaluating the effects of enhanced anthropogenic N loading on forest N availability and N losses. This study analyzed concentrations of soil extractable N, microbial biomass N, net rates of N mineralization and nitrification, and their relationships with environmental factors among 26 temperate forests under the N deposition rates between 28.7 and 69.0 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region of northern China. Compared with other forests globally, forests in the BTH region showed higher levels of soil bioavailable N (NH4+, 27.1 ± 0.8 mg N kg-1; NO3-, 7.0 ± 0.8 mg N kg-1) but lower net rates of N mineralization and nitrification (0.5 ± 0.1 mg N kg-1 d-1 and 0.4 ± 0.1 mg N kg-1 d-1, respectively). Increasing N deposition levels increased soil nitrification and NO3- concentrations but did not increase microbial biomass N and N mineralization among the study forests. Soil moisture and C availability were found as dominant factors influencing microbial N mineralization and bioavailable N. In addition, by budgeting the differences in soil total N densities between the 2000s and 2010s, atmospheric N inputs to the forests were more retained in soils than lost proportionally (84% vs. 16%). We concluded that the high N deposition enriched soil N without stimulating microbial N mineralization among the study forests. These results clarified soil N status and the major controlling factors under high anthropogenic N loading, which is helpful for evaluating the fates and ecological effects of atmospheric N pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Cong Sun
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tian-Yi Ma
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shi-Qi Xu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hao-Ran Guo
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao-Chen Hu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chong-Juan Chen
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xue-Yan Liu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Almeida JP, Rosenstock NP, Forsmark B, Bergh J, Wallander H. Ectomycorrhizal community composition and function in a spruce forest transitioning between nitrogen and phosphorus limitation. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Xing A, Xu L, Shen H, Du E, Liu X, Fang J. Long term effect of nitrogen addition on understory community in a Chinese boreal forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:989-995. [PMID: 30235651 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is an important driver of biodiversity change. By conducting an eight-year N addition experiment (0, 20, 50 and 100 kg N ha-1 yr-1), we investigated the long-term effect of simulated N deposition on understory species composition and richness in a boreal forest, northeast China. We found that moss cover decreased significantly with increasing N addition. N addition had no significant effect on vascular plants species richness but changed the plant community composition. The relative coverage of evergreen shrubs decreased, while that of graminoids increased under high-level N addition (100 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Under the high-level N treatment, Deyeuxia angustifolia cover increased significantly after 4 years, while that of Vaccinium vitis-idaea decreased significantly after 3 years and almost disappeared after 5 years. The negative effect of N addition on mosses and evergreen shrubs accumulated over time, while the positive effect on graminoids increased during the first 4 years and did not change significantly thereafter. Our results suggest that the effect of N deposition varies across functional groups and shifts over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Longchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Enzai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Hedwall PO, Brunet J, Rydin H. Peatland plant communities under global change: negative feedback loops counteract shifts in species composition. Ecology 2017; 98:150-161. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Per-Ola Hedwall
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Sundsvägen 3 SE-230 53 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Sundsvägen 3 SE-230 53 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Håkan Rydin
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Uppsala University; Norbyvägen 18c SE-752 36 Uppsala Sweden
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Response of aboveground biomass and diversity to nitrogen addition - a five-year experiment in semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia, China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31919. [PMID: 27573360 PMCID: PMC5004133 DOI: 10.1038/srep31919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the response of the plant community to increasing nitrogen (N) deposition is helpful for improving pasture management in semi-arid areas. We implemented a 5-year N addition experiment in a Stipa krylovii steppe of Inner Mongolia, northern China. The aboveground biomass (AGB) and species richness were measured annually. Along with the N addition levels, the species richness declined significantly, and the species composition changed noticeably. However, the total AGB did not exhibit a noticeable increase. We found that compensatory effects of the AGB occurred not only between the grasses and the forbs but also among Gramineae species. The plant responses to N addition, from the community to species level, lessened in dry years compared to wet or normal years. The N addition intensified the reduction of community productivity in dry years. Our study indicated that the compensatory effects of the AGB among the species sustained the stability of grassland productivity. However, biodiversity loss resulting from increasing N deposition might lead the semi-arid grassland ecosystem to be unsustainable, especially in dry years.
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Gilliam FS, Welch NT, Phillips AH, Billmyer JH, Peterjohn WT, Fowler ZK, Walter CA, Burnham MB, May JD, Adams MB. Twenty‐five‐year response of the herbaceous layer of a temperate hardwood forest to elevated nitrogen deposition. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frank S. Gilliam
- Department of Biological Sciences Marshall University Huntington West Virginia 25755‐2510 USA
| | - Nicole Turrill Welch
- Department of Sciences & Mathematics Mississippi University for Women Columbus Mississippi 39701 USA
| | | | - Jake H. Billmyer
- Department of Biological Sciences Marshall University Huntington West Virginia 25755‐2510 USA
| | - William T. Peterjohn
- Department of Biology West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia 26506 USA
| | - Zachariah K. Fowler
- Department of Biology West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia 26506 USA
| | | | - Mark B. Burnham
- Department of Biology West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia 26506 USA
| | - Jeffrey D. May
- Department of Biological Sciences Marshall University Huntington West Virginia 25755‐2510 USA
| | - Mary Beth Adams
- Northern Research Station USDA Forest Service Morgantown West Virginia 26505 USA
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Stimulation of terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage by nitrogen addition: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19895. [PMID: 26813078 PMCID: PMC4728605 DOI: 10.1038/srep19895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition alters the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle, which is likely to feed back to further climate change. However, how the overall terrestrial ecosystem C pools and fluxes respond to N addition remains unclear. By synthesizing data from multiple terrestrial ecosystems, we quantified the response of C pools and fluxes to experimental N addition using a comprehensive meta-analysis method. Our results showed that N addition significantly stimulated soil total C storage by 5.82% ([2.47%, 9.27%], 95% CI, the same below) and increased the C contents of the above- and below-ground parts of plants by 25.65% [11.07%, 42.12%] and 15.93% [6.80%, 25.85%], respectively. Furthermore, N addition significantly increased aboveground net primary production by 52.38% [40.58%, 65.19%] and litterfall by 14.67% [9.24%, 20.38%] at a global scale. However, the C influx from the plant litter to the soil through litter decomposition and the efflux from the soil due to microbial respiration and soil respiration showed insignificant responses to N addition. Overall, our meta-analysis suggested that N addition will increase soil C storage and plant C in both above- and below-ground parts, indicating that terrestrial ecosystems might act to strengthen as a C sink under increasing N deposition.
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Residual Long-Term Effects of Forest Fertilization on Tree Growth and Nitrogen Turnover in Boreal Forest. FORESTS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/f6041145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shibata H, Branquinho C, McDowell WH, Mitchell MJ, Monteith DT, Tang J, Arvola L, Cruz C, Cusack DF, Halada L, Kopáček J, Máguas C, Sajidu S, Schubert H, Tokuchi N, Záhora J. Consequence of altered nitrogen cycles in the coupled human and ecological system under changing climate: The need for long-term and site-based research. AMBIO 2015; 44:178-93. [PMID: 25037589 PMCID: PMC4357624 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-014-0545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenically derived nitrogen (N) has a central role in global environmental changes, including climate change, biodiversity loss, air pollution, greenhouse gas emission, water pollution, as well as food production and human health. Current understanding of the biogeochemical processes that govern the N cycle in coupled human-ecological systems around the globe is drawn largely from the long-term ecological monitoring and experimental studies. Here, we review spatial and temporal patterns and trends in reactive N emissions, and the interactions between N and other important elements that dictate their delivery from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems, and the impacts of N on biodiversity and human society. Integrated international and long-term collaborative studies covering research gaps will reduce uncertainties and promote further understanding of the nitrogen cycle in various ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Shibata
- />Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0809 Japan
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- />Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, 5° Piso, sala 37, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - William H. McDowell
- />Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, 56 College Rd., Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - Myron J. Mitchell
- />College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA
| | - Don T. Monteith
- />NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP UK
| | - Jianwu Tang
- />Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL St., Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
| | - Lauri Arvola
- />Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, Pääjärventie 320, 16900 Lammi, Finland
| | - Cristina Cruz
- />Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, 5° Piso, sala 37, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniela F. Cusack
- />Department of Geography, University of California - Los Angeles, 1255 Bunche Hall, Box 951524, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Lubos Halada
- />Institute of Landscape Ecology SAS, Branch Nitra, Akademicka 2, POB 22, 949 10 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jiří Kopáček
- />Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre ASCR, Na Sádkách 7, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Cristina Máguas
- />Center for Environmental Biology, SIIAF - Stable Isotopes and Instrumental Analysis Facility, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, 5° Piso, sala 12, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Samson Sajidu
- />Chemistry Department, Chancellor College, University of Malawi, P.O Box 280, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Hendrik Schubert
- />Institut für Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl Ökologie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einsteinstraße 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Naoko Tokuchi
- />Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Jaroslav Záhora
- />Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1/1665, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Gustafsson L, Felton A, Felton AM, Brunet J, Caruso A, Hjältén J, Lindbladh M, Ranius T, Roberge J, Weslien J. Natural Versus National Boundaries: the Importance of Considering Biogeographical Patterns in Forest Conservation Policy. Conserv Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Gustafsson
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences PO Box 7044 SE‐750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Adam Felton
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre PO Box 49 SE‐230 53 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Annika M. Felton
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre PO Box 49 SE‐230 53 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre PO Box 49 SE‐230 53 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Alexandro Caruso
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences PO Box 7044 SE‐750 07 Uppsala Sweden
- The Swedish Research Council Formas PO Box 1206 SE‐111 82 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Joakim Hjältén
- Department of Wildlife Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Fish, and Environmental Studies SE‐901 83 Umeå Sweden
| | - Matts Lindbladh
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre PO Box 49 SE‐230 53 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Thomas Ranius
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences PO Box 7044 SE‐750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jean‐Michel Roberge
- Department of Wildlife Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Fish, and Environmental Studies SE‐901 83 Umeå Sweden
| | - Jan Weslien
- The Forestry Research Institute of Sweden (Skogforsk) Uppsala Science Park SE‐751 83 Uppsala Sweden
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