1
|
Zhang Y, Zhang M, Qiang Y, Lu R, Che C. Estimating non-productive water losses in irrigated Platycladus orientalis plantations in semi-arid mountainous: Based on stable isotopes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173279. [PMID: 38754520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Planted forests in semi-arid regions provide invaluable ecological functions such as windbreak, sand fixation, carbon fixation, and oxygen release, improving the ecological environment and maximizing the carbon sink benefits of forests. Therefore, accurately assessing non-productive water losses in water-scarce regions is crucial for estimating water requirements of irrigation-dependent plantations. From March to October 2023, we collected the stable isotopes of precipitation, irrigation water, soil water, and other relevant data. The Craig-Gordon model was used to evaluate the non-productive water losses in irrigated Platycladus orientalis plantations, focusing on the dissipation and vertical migration process under both sufficient and insufficient water supply conditions. The results demonstrated that preferential flow and piston flow coexisted during soil water infiltration, while both types occurred under sufficient watering conditions, but piston flow dominated when there was insufficient watering. We estimated the average non-productive losses for irrigated P. orientalis plantations at 27.0 %, with peak losses up to 40.3 %. Moreover, we observed a lower rate of non-productive losses under sufficient water supply conditions (12.2 %) compared with insufficient water supply conditions (33.6 %). Our results indicated that vertical migration pathway of soil water emerged as a significant determinant factor affecting non-productive water losses, and also influenced by meteorological factors, water inputs, and soil properties. To optimize water utilization in semi-arid irrigated mountainous plantations, we recommend reducing amount of each irrigation and increasing frequency of irrigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Yuquan Qiang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Rui Lu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Cunwei Che
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ren X, Li P, He X, Zhang Q. Tracing the sources and evaporation fate of surface water and groundwater using stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172708. [PMID: 38677416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Recognizing the origins and movement processes of surface water and groundwater is crucial for understanding hydrochemical genesis, conserving water supplies, and managing water resources. Estimating the source water typically involves identifying the intersection of evaporation line (EL) and meteoric water line. However, there is currently confusion in determining the regional EL and selecting strategies for estimating the source water. This study aimed to explore the source of surface water and groundwater, as well as evaporation effect utilizing stable isotope tracing (δ2H and δ18O). The line-conditioned excess was adopted to differentiate evaporated water and non-evaporated water, then Craig-Gordon model and an analytical framework with Bayesian theory were used to investigate the source of surface water and groundwater and the evaporation influence. The findings revealed that surface water and groundwater in the northern region of the Weihe River suffered more sever evaporation impacts that the south, and the evaporated surface water (7.54 % to 27.34 %) with a wider range of mean evaporation ratio than evaporated groundwater (5.38 % to 8.52 %). Monsoon precipitation is the main contributor to both surface water (contribution ratio: 0.46) and groundwater (0.49) sources. This research provides specific information on evaporation and detailed insights into the source water of surface water and groundwater, aiding in understanding the evaporation effect during the hydrological cycle and facilitating the management of regional water resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Ren
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyue Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaodong He
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qixiao Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210098, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han R, Liu W, Zhang J, Zhao T, Sun H, Xu Z. Hydrogeochemical characteristics and recharge sources identification based on isotopic tracing of alpine rivers in the Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115981. [PMID: 37100365 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Alpine rivers originating from the Tibetan Plateau (TP) contain large amounts of water resources with high environmental sensitivity and eco-fragility. To clarify the variability and controlling factors of hydrochemistry on the headwater of the Yarlung Tsangpo River (YTR), the large river basin with the highest altitude in the world, water samples from the Chaiqu watershed were collected in 2018, and major ions, δ2H and δ18O of river water were analyzed. The values of δ2H (mean: -141.4‰) and δ18O (mean: -18.6‰) were lower than those in most Tibetan rivers, which followed the relationship: δ2H = 4.79*δ18O-52.2. Most river deuterium excess (d-excess) values were lower than 10‰ and positively correlated with altitude controlled by regional evaporation. The SO42- in the upstream, the HCO3- in the downstream, and the Ca2+ and Mg2+ were the controlling ions (accounting for >50% of the total anions/cations) in the Chaiqu watershed. Stoichiometry and principal component analysis (PCA) results revealed that sulfuric acid stimulated the weathering of carbonates and silicates to produce riverine solutes. This study promotes understanding water source dynamics to inform water quality and environmental management in alpine regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyin Han
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jiangyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Huiguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aron PG, Li S, Brooks JR, Welker JM, Levin NE. Seasonal Variations in Triple Oxygen Isotope Ratios of Precipitation in the Western and Central United States. PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY 2023; 38:10.1029/2022pa004458. [PMID: 37990699 PMCID: PMC10659079 DOI: 10.1029/2022pa004458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Triple oxygen isotope ratios Δ ' 17 O offer new opportunities to improve reconstructions of past climate by quantifying evaporation, relative humidity, and diagenesis in geologic archives. However, the utility of Δ ' 17 O in paleoclimate applications is hampered by a limited understanding of how precipitation Δ ' 7 O values vary across time and space. To improve applications of Δ ' 17 O , we present δ 18 O , d-excess, and Δ ' 17 O data from 26 precipitation sites in the western and central United States and three streams from the Willamette River Basin in western Oregon. In this data set, we find that precipitation Δ ' 17 O tracks evaporation but appears insensitive to many controls that govern variation in δ 18 O , including Rayleigh distillation, elevation, latitude, longitude, and local precipitation amount. Seasonality has a large effect on Δ ' 17 O variation in the data set and we observe higher seasonally amount-weighted average precipitation Δ ' 17 O values in the winter (40 ± 15 per meg [± standard deviation]) than in the summer (18 ± 18 per meg). This seasonal precipitation Δ ' 17 O variability likely arises from a combination of sub-cloud evaporation, atmospheric mixing, moisture recycling, sublimation, and/or relative humidity, but the data set is not well suited to quantitatively assess isotopic variability associated with each of these processes. The seasonal Δ ' 17 O pattern, which is absent in d-excess and opposite in sign from δ 18 O , appears in other data sets globally; it showcases the influence of seasonality on Δ ' 17 O values of precipitation and highlights the need for further systematic studies to understand variation in Δ ' 17 O values of precipitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. G. Aron
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Now at Hazen and Sawyer, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S. Li
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - J. R. Brooks
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - J. M. Welker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, AK, USA
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- University of the Arctic (UArctic), Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - N. E. Levin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pérez Quezadas J, Cabrera Sillas YG, Monreal R, Rangel Medina M, Morales Arredondo JI, Sánchez-Murillo R. Hydrochemistry and stable isotopes revealed focused and diffuse recharge processes in the Sonora River basin, Mexico. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2023; 59:48-65. [PMID: 36755410 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2023.2171032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A hydro-geochemical characterization was conducted in the northern part of the Sonora River basin, covering an area of 9400 km2. Equipotential lines indicated that groundwater circulation coincided with the surface water flow direction. Based on the groundwater temperature measured (on average ∼21 °C), only one spring exhibited thermalism (51 °C). Electrical conductivity (160-1750 μS/cm), chloride and nitrate concentrations (>10 and >45 mg/L) imply highly ionized water and anthropogenic pollution. In the river network, δ18O values revealed a clear modern meteoric origin. Focused recharge occurred mainly from the riverbeds during the rainy season. During the dry season, diffuse recharge was characterized by complex return flows from irrigation, urban, agricultural, mining, and livestock. Drilled wells (>50 m) exhibited a strong meteoric origin from higher elevations during the rainy season with minimal hydrochemical anomalies. Our results contribute to the knowledge of mountain-front and mountain-block recharge processes in a semi-arid and human-altered landscape in northern Mexico, historically characterized by limited hydrogeological data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pérez Quezadas
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Rogelio Monreal
- Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, México
| | - Miguel Rangel Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones del Desierto y el Agua Subterránea S.C., Hermosillo, México
| | | | - Ricardo Sánchez-Murillo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A 3-D groundwater isoscape of the contiguous USA for forensic and water resource science. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261651. [PMID: 34995313 PMCID: PMC8741010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of hydrological, ecological, environmental, and forensic science applications rely on predictive “isoscape” maps to provide estimates of the hydrogen or oxygen isotopic compositions of environmental water sources. Many water isoscapes have been developed, but few studies have produced isoscapes specifically representing groundwaters. None of these have represented distinct subsurface layers and isotopic variations across them. Here we compiled >6 million well completion records and >27,000 groundwater isotope datapoints to develop a space- and depth-explicit water isoscape for the contiguous United States. This 3-dimensional model shows that vertical isotopic heterogeneity in the subsurface is substantial in some parts of the country and that groundwater isotope delta values often differ from those of coincident precipitation or surface water resources; many of these patterns can be explained by established hydrological and hydrogeological mechanisms. We validate the groundwater isoscape against an independent data set of tap water values and show that the model accurately predicts tap water values in communities known to use groundwater resources. This new approach represents a foundation for further developments and the resulting isoscape should provide improved predictions of water isotope values in systems where groundwater is a known or potential water source.
Collapse
|
7
|
Vystavna Y, Harjung A, Monteiro LR, Matiatos I, Wassenaar LI. Stable isotopes in global lakes integrate catchment and climatic controls on evaporation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7224. [PMID: 34893644 PMCID: PMC8664878 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming is considered a major threat to Earth’s lakes water budgets and quality. However, flow regulation, over-exploitation, lack of hydrological data, and disparate evaluation methods hamper comparative global estimates of lake vulnerability to evaporation. We have analyzed the stable isotope composition of 1257 global lakes and we find that most lakes depend on precipitation and groundwater recharge subsequently altered by catchment and lake evaporation processes. Isotope mass-balance modeling shows that ca. 20% of water inflow in global lakes is lost through evaporation and ca. 10% of lakes in arid and temperate zones experience extreme evaporative losses >40 % of the total inflow. Precipitation amount, limnicity, wind speed, relative humidity, and solar radiation are predominant controls on lake isotope composition and evaporation, regardless of the climatic zone. The promotion of systematic global isotopic monitoring of Earth’s lakes provides a direct and comparative approach to detect the impacts of climatic and catchment-scale changes on water-balance and evaporation trends. An isotope synthesis of 1257 global lakes revealed on average 20% of inflow is lost to evaporation, but 10% of Earth’s lakes show extreme evaporative losses. Stable water isotope monitoring is an effective way to detect comparative climatic and catchment-scale impacts on lake water-balance budgets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Vystavna
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Astrid Harjung
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucilena R Monteiro
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ioannis Matiatos
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonard I Wassenaar
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tracing δ18O and δ2H in Source Waters and Recharge Pathways of a Fractured-Basalt and Interbedded-Sediment Aquifer, Columbia River Flood Basalt Province. GEOSCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences11100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity and anisotropy of fractured-rock aquifers, such as those in the Columbia River Basalt Province, present challenges for determining groundwater recharge. The entrance of recharge to the fractured-basalt and interbedded-sediment aquifer in the Palouse region of north-central Idaho is not well understood because of successive basalt flows that act as restrictive barriers. It was hypothesized that a primary recharge zone exists along the basin’s eastern margin at a mountain-front interface where eroded sediments form a more conductive zone for recharge. Potential source waters and groundwater were analyzed for δ18O and δ2H to discriminate recharge sources and pathways. Snowpack values ranged from −22 to −12‰ for δ18O and from −160 to −90‰ for δ2H and produced spring-time snowmelt ranging from −16.5 to −12‰ for δ18O and from −120 to −90‰ for δ2H. With the transition of snowmelt to spring-time ephemeral creeks, the isotope values compressed to −16 and −14‰ for δ18O and −110 and −105‰ for δ2H. A greater range of values was present for a perennial creek (−18 to −13.5‰ for δ18O and −125 to −98‰ for δ2H) and groundwater (−17.5 to −13‰ for δ18O and −132 to −105‰ for δ2H), which reflect a mixing of seasonal signals and the varying influence of vapor sources and sublimation/evaporation. Inverse modeling and the evaluation of matrix characteristics indicate conductive pathways associated with paleochannels and deeper pathways along the mountain-front interface. Depleted isotope signals indicate quicker infiltration and recharge pathways that were separate from, or had limited mixing with, more evaporated water that infiltrated after greater time/travel at the surface.
Collapse
|
9
|
Windler G, Brooks JR, Johnson HM, Comeleo RL, Coulombe R, Bowen GJ. Climate impacts on source contributions and evaporation to flow in the Snake River Basin using surface water isoscapes (δ 2H and δ 18O). WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 2021; 57:10.1029/2020wr029157. [PMID: 34349298 PMCID: PMC8328002 DOI: 10.1029/2020wr029157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rising global temperatures are expected to decrease the precipitation amount that falls as snow, causing greater risk of water scarcity, groundwater overdraft, and fire in areas that rely on mountain snowpack for their water supply. Streamflow in large river basins varies with the amount, timing, and type of precipitation, evapotranspiration, and drainage properties of watersheds; however, these controls vary in time and space making it difficult to identify the areas contributing most to flow and when. In this study, we separate the evaporative influences from source values of water isotopes from the Snake River Basin in the western United States (US) to relate source area to flow dynamics. We developed isoscapes (δ2H and δ18O) for the basin and found that isotopic composition of surface water in small watersheds is primarily controlled by longitude, latitude, and elevation. To examine temporal variability in source contributions to flow, we present a six-year record of Snake River water isotopes from King Hill, Idaho after removing evaporative influences. During periods of low flow, source water values were isotopically lighter indicating a larger contribution to flow from surface waters in the highest elevation, eastern portion of the basin. River evaporation increases were evident during summer likely reflecting climate, changing water availability, and management strategies within the basin. Our findings present a potential tool for identifying critical portions of basins contributing to river flow as climate fluctuations alter flow dynamics. This tool can be applied in other continental-interior basins where evaporation may obscure source water isotopic signatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Windler
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - J. Renée Brooks
- Pacific Ecological Systems Divison, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Henry M. Johnson
- Oregon Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Randy L. Comeleo
- Pacific Ecological Systems Divison, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Gabriel J. Bowen
- Department of Geology and Geophysics and Global Change and Sustainability Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Precipitation isotope time series predictions from machine learning applied in Europe. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024107118. [PMID: 34162705 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024107118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen and oxygen isotope values of precipitation are critically important quantities for applications in Earth, environmental, and biological sciences. However, direct measurements are not available at every location and time, and existing precipitation isotope models are often not sufficiently accurate for examining features such as long-term trends or interannual variability. This can limit applications that seek to use these values to identify the source history of water or to understand the hydrological or meteorological processes that determine these values. We developed a framework using machine learning to calculate isotope time series at monthly resolution using available climate and location data in order to improve precipitation isotope model predictions. Predictions from this model are currently available for any location in Europe for the past 70 y (1950-2019), which is the period for which all climate data used as predictor variables are available. This approach facilitates simple, user-friendly predictions of precipitation isotope time series that can be generated on demand and are accurate enough to be used for exploration of interannual and long-term variability in both hydrogen and oxygen isotopic systems. These predictions provide important isotope input variables for ecological and hydrological applications, as well as powerful targets for paleoclimate proxy calibration, and they can serve as resources for probing historic patterns in the isotopic composition of precipitation with a high level of meteorological accuracy. Predictions from our modeling framework, Piso.AI, are available at https://isotope.bot.unibas.ch/PisoAI/.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hill AJ, Dawson TE, Dody A, Rachmilevitch S. Dew water-uptake pathways in Negev desert plants: a study using stable isotope tracers. Oecologia 2021; 196:353-361. [PMID: 34008141 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dew is an important water resource for plants in most deserts. The mechanism that allows desert plants to use dew water was studied using an isotopic water tracer approach. Most plants use water directly from the soil; the roots transfer the water to the rest of the plant, where it is required for all metabolic functions. However, many plants can also take up water into their leaves and stems. Examining the dew water uptake pathways in desert plants can lend insight on another all water-use pathways examination. We determined where and how dew water enters plants in the water limited Negev desert. Highly depleted isotopic water was sprayed on three different dominant plant species of the Negev desert-Artemesia sieberi, Salsola inermis and Haloxylon scoparium-and its entry into the plant was followed. Water was sprayed onto the soil only, or on the leaves/stems only (with soil covered to prevent water entry via root uptake). Thereafter, the isotopic composition of water in the roots and stems were measured at various time points. The results show that each plant species used the dew water to a different extent, and we obtained evidence of foliar uptake capacity of dew water that varied depending on the microenvironmental conditions. A. sieberi took up the greatest amount of dew water through both stems and roots, S. inermis took up dew water mainly from the roots, and H. scoparium showed the least dew capture overall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber J Hill
- The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer Campus Midreshet Ben Gurion, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Beersheba, Israel.
| | - Todd E Dawson
- Center for Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Avraham Dody
- Geography and Environmental Developing Department, Ben Gurion University, BeerSheba, Israel
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer Campus Midreshet Ben Gurion, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Beersheba, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Wet RF, West AG, Harris C. Seasonal variation in tap water δ 2H and δ 18O isotopes reveals two tap water worlds. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13544. [PMID: 32782259 PMCID: PMC7421565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen (δ2H and δ18O) in tap water provide important insights into the way that people interact with and manage the hydrological cycle. Understanding how these interactions vary through space and time allows for the management of these resources to be improved, and for isotope data to be useful in other disciplines. The seasonal variation of δ2H and δ18O in tap water within South Africa was assessed to identify municipalities that are supplied by seasonally invariant sources that have long residence periods, such as groundwater, and those supplied by sources that vary seasonally in a manner consistent with evapoconcentration, such as surface water—the proposed two tap water “worlds”. Doing so allows for the cost-effective spatial interpolation of δ2H and δ18O values that likely reflect that of groundwater, removing the residual error introduced by other sources that are dependent on discrete, isolated factors that cannot be spatially generalised. Applying the proposed disaggregation may also allow for the efficient identification of municipalities that are dependent on highly variable or depleted surface water resources, which are more likely to be vulnerable to climate and demographic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruan F de Wet
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa. .,Geology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.
| | - Adam G West
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Chris Harris
- Geology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|