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Wagner N, Wen L, Frazão CJR, Walther T. Next-generation feedstocks methanol and ethylene glycol and their potential in industrial biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108276. [PMID: 37918546 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fermentation processes are expected to play an important role in reducing dependence on fossil-based raw materials for the production of everyday chemicals. In order to meet the growing demand for biotechnological products in the future, alternative carbon sources that do not compete with human nutrition must be exploited. The chemical conversion of the industrially emitted greenhouse gas CO2 into microbially utilizable platform chemicals such as methanol represents a sustainable strategy for the utilization of an abundant carbon source and has attracted enormous scientific interest in recent years. A relatively new approach is the microbial synthesis of products from the C2-compound ethylene glycol, which can also be synthesized from CO2 and non-edible biomass and, in addition, can be recovered from plastic waste. Here we summarize the main chemical routes for the synthesis of methanol and ethylene glycol from sustainable resources and give an overview of recent metabolic engineering work for establishing natural and synthetic microbial assimilation pathways. The different metabolic routes for C1 and C2 alcohol-dependent bioconversions were compared in terms of their theoretical maximum yields and their oxygen requirements for a wide range of value-added products. Assessment of the process engineering challenges for methanol and ethylene glycol-based fermentations underscores the theoretical advantages of new synthetic metabolic routes and advocates greater consideration of ethylene glycol, a C2 substrate that has received comparatively little attention to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Wagner
- TU Dresden, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Bergstraße 120, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Linxuan Wen
- TU Dresden, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Bergstraße 120, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cláudio J R Frazão
- TU Dresden, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Bergstraße 120, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Walther
- TU Dresden, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Bergstraße 120, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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2
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Narisetty V, Okibe MC, Amulya K, Jokodola EO, Coulon F, Tyagi VK, Lens PNL, Parameswaran B, Kumar V. Technological advancements in valorization of second generation (2G) feedstocks for bio-based succinic acid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127513. [PMID: 35772717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Succinic acid (SA) is used as a commodity chemical and as a precursor in chemical industry to produce other derivatives such as 1,4-butaneidol, tetrahydrofuran, fumaric acid, and bio-polyesters. The production of bio-based SA from renewable feedstocks has always been in the limelight owing to the advantages of renewability, abundance and reducing climate change by CO2 capture. Considering this, the current review focuses on various 2G feedstocks such as lignocellulosic biomass, crude glycerol, and food waste for cost-effective SA production. It also highlights the importance of producing SA via separate enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, and consolidated bioprocessing. Furthermore, recent advances in genetic engineering, and downstream SA processing are thoroughly discussed. It also elaborates on the techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment (LCA) studies carried out to understand the economics and environmental effects of bio-based SA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Narisetty
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | | | - K Amulya
- National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Frederic Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Vinay Kumar Tyagi
- Environmental Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology (NIH), Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Piet N L Lens
- National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Binod Parameswaran
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK.
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3
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Enhanced succinic acid production by Mannheimia employing optimal malate dehydrogenase. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1970. [PMID: 32327663 PMCID: PMC7181634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Succinic acid (SA), a dicarboxylic acid of industrial importance, can be efficiently produced by metabolically engineered Mannheimia succiniciproducens. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is one of the key enzymes for SA production, but has not been well characterized. Here we report biochemical and structural analyses of various MDHs and development of hyper-SA producing M. succiniciproducens by introducing the best MDH. Corynebacterium glutamicum MDH (CgMDH) shows the highest specific activity and least substrate inhibition, whereas M. succiniciproducens MDH (MsMDH) shows low specific activity at physiological pH and strong uncompetitive inhibition toward oxaloacetate (ki of 67.4 and 588.9 μM for MsMDH and CgMDH, respectively). Structural comparison of the two MDHs reveals a key residue influencing the specific activity and susceptibility to substrate inhibition. A high-inoculum fed-batch fermentation of the final strain expressing cgmdh produces 134.25 g L-1 of SA with the maximum productivity of 21.3 g L-1 h-1, demonstrating the importance of enzyme optimization in strain development.
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Li G, Huang D, Sui X, Li S, Huang B, Zhang X, Wu H, Deng Y. Advances in microbial production of medium-chain dicarboxylic acids for nylon materials. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00338j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Medium-chain dicarboxylic acids (MDCAs) are widely used in the production of nylon materials, and among which, succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic and sebacic acids are particularly important for that purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF)
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology
| | - Dixuan Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF)
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology
| | - Xue Sui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF)
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology
| | - Shiyun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF)
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology
| | - Bing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF)
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology
| | - Yu Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF)
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology
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5
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Zhao SF, Chi Z, Liu GL, Hu Z, Wu LF, Chi ZM. Biosynthesis of some organic acids and lipids in industrially important microorganisms is promoted by pyruvate carboxylases. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Microbial Cell Factories à la Carte: Elimination of Global Regulators Cra and ArcA Generates Metabolic Backgrounds Suitable for the Synthesis of Bioproducts in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01337-18. [PMID: 30030227 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01337-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of global regulators is one of the strategies used for the construction of bacterial strains suitable for the synthesis of bioproducts. However, the pleiotropic effects of these regulators can vary under different conditions and are often strain dependent. This study analyzed the effects of ArcA, CreC, Cra, and Rob using single deletion mutants of the well-characterized and completely sequenced Escherichia coli strain BW25113. Comparison of the effects of each regulator on the synthesis of major extracellular metabolites, tolerance to several compounds, and synthesis of native and nonnative bioproducts under different growth conditions allowed the discrimination of the particular phenotypes that can be attributed to the individual mutants and singled out Cra and ArcA as the regulators with the most important effects on bacterial metabolism. These data were used to identify the most suitable backgrounds for the synthesis of the reduced bioproducts succinate and 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO). The Δcra mutant was further modified to enhance succinate synthesis by the addition of enzymes that increase NADH and CO2 availability, achieving an 80% increase compared to the parental strain. Production of 1,3-PDO in the ΔarcA mutant was optimized by overexpression of PhaP, which increased more than twice the amount of the diol compared to the wild type in a semidefined medium using glycerol, resulting in 24 g · liter-1 of 1,3-PDO after 48 h, with a volumetric productivity of 0.5 g · liter-1 h-1 IMPORTANCE Although the effects of many global regulators, especially ArcA and Cra, have been studied in Escherichia coli, the metabolic changes caused by the absence of global regulators have been observed to differ between strains. This scenario complicates the identification of the individual effects of the regulators, which is essential for the design of metabolic engineering strategies. The genome of Escherichia coli BW25113 has been completely sequenced and does not contain additional mutations that could mask or interfere with the effects of the global regulator mutations. The uniform genetic background of the Keio collection mutants enabled the characterization of the physiological consequences of altered carbon and redox fluxes caused by each global regulator deletion, eliminating possible strain-dependent results. As a proof of concept, Δcra and ΔarcA mutants were subjected to further manipulations to obtain large amounts of succinate and 1,3-PDO, demonstrating that the metabolic backgrounds of the mutants were suitable for the synthesis of bioproducts.
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Jian X, Li N, Chen Q, Hua Q. Model-guided identification of novel gene amplification targets for improving succinate production in Escherichia coli NZN111. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:830-835. [PMID: 28884171 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00077d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reconstruction and application of genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) have facilitated metabolic engineering by providing a platform on which systematic computational analysis of metabolic networks can be performed. In this study, a GEM of Escherichia coli NZN111 was employed by the analysis of production and growth coupling (APGC) algorithm to identify genetic strategies for the overproduction of succinate. Through in silico simulation and reaction expression analysis, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PPC), encoded by gapA, pgk, tpiA, and ppc, respectively, were selected for experimental overexpression. The results showed that overexpressing any of these could improve both growth and succinate production. Specifically, overexpression of GAPDH or PGK showed a significant effect with up to 24% increase in succinate production. These results indicate that the APGC algorithm can be effectively used to guide genetic manipulation for strain design by identifying genome-wide gene amplification targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Kim WJ, Ahn JH, Kim HU, Kim TY, Lee SY. Metabolic engineering of Mannheimia succiniciproducens
for succinic acid production based on elementary mode analysis with clustering. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Won Jun Kim
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program); Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology; Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Ahn
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program); Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology; Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program); Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology; Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
- BioInformatics Research Center; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yong Kim
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program); Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology; Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
- BioInformatics Research Center; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program); Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology; Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
- BioInformatics Research Center; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
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9
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Application of theoretical methods to increase succinate production in engineered strains. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 40:479-497. [PMID: 28040871 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Computational methods have enabled the discovery of non-intuitive strategies to enhance the production of a variety of target molecules. In the case of succinate production, reviews covering the topic have not yet analyzed the impact and future potential that such methods may have. In this work, we review the application of computational methods to the production of succinic acid. We found that while a total of 26 theoretical studies were published between 2002 and 2016, only 10 studies reported the successful experimental implementation of any kind of theoretical knowledge. None of the experimental studies reported an exact application of the computational predictions. However, the combination of computational analysis with complementary strategies, such as directed evolution and comparative genome analysis, serves as a proof of concept and demonstrates that successful metabolic engineering can be guided by rational computational methods.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Ahn
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, and Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology, Institute for the BioCentury; KAIST; 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Sin Jang
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, and Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology, Institute for the BioCentury; KAIST; 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, and Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology, Institute for the BioCentury; KAIST; 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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11
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In silico profiling of cell growth and succinate production in Escherichia coli NZN111. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2016; 3:48. [PMID: 27909649 PMCID: PMC5110578 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-016-0125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Succinic acid is a valuable product due to its wide-ranging utilities. To improve succinate production and reduce by-products formation, Escherichia coli NZN111 was constructed by insertional inactivation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pyruvate formate lyase (PFL) encoded by the genes ldhA and pflB, respectively. However, this double-deletion mutant is incapable of anaerobically growing on glucose in rich or minimal medium even with acetate supplementation. A widespread hold view is that the inactivation of NADH-dependent LDH limits the regeneration of NAD+ and consequently disables proper growth under anaerobic conditions. Results In this study, genome-scale metabolic core model of E. coli was reconstructed and employed to perform all simulations in silico according to the reconstruction of engineered strain E. coli NZN111. Non-optimized artificial centering hit-and-run (ACHR) method and metabolite flux-sum analysis were utilized to evaluate metabolic characteristics of strains. Thus, metabolic characteristics of the strains wild-type E. coli, ldhA mutant, pflB mutant, and NZN111 under anaerobic conditions were successfully unraveled. Conclusions We found a viewpoint contrary to the widespread realization that an NADH/NAD+ in NZN111 mainly resulted from the inactivation of PFL rather than the inactivation of LDH. In addition, the two alternative anaerobic fermentation pathways, lactate and ethanol production pathways, were blocked owing to the disruption of ldhA and pflB, resulting in insufficient NAD+ regeneration to oxidize or metabolize glucose for cell growth. Furthermore, we speculated reaction NADH16, the conversion of ubiquinone-8 (q8) to ubiquinol-8 (q8h2), as a potential amplification target for anaerobically improving cell growth and succinate production in NZN111. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40643-016-0125-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Li Q, Wu H, Li Z, Ye Q. Enhanced succinate production from glycerol by engineered Escherichia coli strains. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:217-223. [PMID: 27371794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an engineered strain Escherichia coli MLB (ldhA(-)pflB(-)) was constructed for production of succinate from glycerol. The succinate yield was 0.37mol/mol in anaerobic culture, however, the growth and glycerol consumption rates were very slow, resulting in a low succinate level. Two-stage fermentation was performed in flasks, and the succinate yield reached 0.93mol/mol, but the succinate titer was still low. Hence, overexpression of malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase and PEP carboxykinase (PCK) from E. coli, and pyruvate carboxylase from Corynebacterium glutamicum in MLB was investigated for improving succinate production. Overexpression of PCK resulted in remarkable enhancement of glycerol consumption and succinate production. In flask experiments, the succinate concentration reached 118.1mM, and in a 1.5-L bioreactor the succinate concentration further increased to 360.2mM. The highest succinate yield achieved 0.93mol/mol, which was 93% of the theoretical yield, in the anaerobic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Miklóssy I, Bodor Z, Sinkler R, Orbán KC, Lányi S, Albert B. In silico and in vivo stability analysis of a heterologous biosynthetic pathway for 1,4-butanediol production in metabolically engineered E. coli. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:1874-1889. [PMID: 27492654 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1198721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several approaches have been published in order to develop a functional biosynthesis route for the non-natural compound 1,4-butanediol (BDO) in E. coli using glucose as a sole carbon source or starting from xylose. Among these studies, there was reported as high as 18 g/L product concentration achieved by industrial strains, however BDO production varies greatly in case of the reviewed studies. Our motivation was to build a simple heterologous pathway for this compound in E. coli and to design an appropriate cellular chassis based on a systemic biology approach, using constraint-based flux balance analysis and bi-level optimization for gene knock-out prediction. Thus, the present study reports, at the "proof-of concept" level, our findings related to model-driven development of a metabolically engineered E. coli strain lacking key genes for ethanol, lactate and formate production (ΔpflB, ΔldhA and ΔadhE), with a three-step biosynthetic pathway. We found this strain to produce a limited quantity of 1,4-BDO (.89 mg/L BDO under microaerobic conditions and .82 mg/L under anaerobic conditions). Using glycerol as carbon source, an approach, which to our knowledge has not been tackled before, our results suggest that further metabolic optimization is needed (gene-introductions or knock-outs, promoter fine-tuning) to address the redox potential imbalance problem and to achieve development of an industrially sustainable strain. Our experimental data on culture conditions, growth dynamics and fermentation parameters can consist a base for ongoing research on gene expression profiles and genetic stability of such metabolically engineered E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Miklóssy
- a Department of Bioengineering , Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania , Libertatii Square, no. 1, 530104 Miercurea Ciuc , Romania.,b Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science , Politehnica University of Bucharest , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Zsolt Bodor
- a Department of Bioengineering , Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania , Libertatii Square, no. 1, 530104 Miercurea Ciuc , Romania
| | - Réka Sinkler
- a Department of Bioengineering , Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania , Libertatii Square, no. 1, 530104 Miercurea Ciuc , Romania.,b Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science , Politehnica University of Bucharest , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Kálmán Csongor Orbán
- a Department of Bioengineering , Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania , Libertatii Square, no. 1, 530104 Miercurea Ciuc , Romania
| | - Szabolcs Lányi
- a Department of Bioengineering , Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania , Libertatii Square, no. 1, 530104 Miercurea Ciuc , Romania
| | - Beáta Albert
- a Department of Bioengineering , Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania , Libertatii Square, no. 1, 530104 Miercurea Ciuc , Romania
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Yang YX, Qian ZG, Zhong JJ, Xia XX. Hyper-production of large proteins of spider dragline silk MaSp2 by Escherichia coli via synthetic biology approach. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Ahn JH, Jang YS, Lee SY. Production of succinic acid by metabolically engineered microorganisms. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 42:54-66. [PMID: 26990278 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Succinic acid (SA) has been recognized as one of the most important bio-based building block chemicals due to its numerous potential applications. For the economical bio-based production of SA, extensive research works have been performed on developing microbial strains by metabolic engineering as well as fermentation and downstream processes. Here we review metabolic engineering strategies applied for bio-based production of SA using representative microorganisms, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia kudriavzevii, Escherichia coli, Mannheimia succiniciproducens, Basfia succiniciproducens, Actinobacillus succinogenes, and Corynebacterium glutamicum. In particular, strategies employed for developing engineered strains of these microorganisms leading to the best performance indices (titer, yield, and productivity) are showcased based on the published papers as well as patents. Those processes currently under commercialization are also analyzed and future perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Ahn
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, and Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology, Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Sin Jang
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, and Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology, Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, and Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology, Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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16
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The CreC Regulator of Escherichia coli, a New Target for Metabolic Manipulations. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 82:244-54. [PMID: 26497466 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02984-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The CreBC (carbon source-responsive) two-component regulation system of Escherichia coli affects a number of functions, including intermediary carbon catabolism. The impacts of different creC mutations (a ΔcreC mutant and a mutant carrying the constitutive creC510 allele) on bacterial physiology were analyzed in glucose cultures under three oxygen availability conditions. Differences in the amounts of extracellular metabolites produced were observed in the null mutant compared to the wild-type strain and the mutant carrying creC510 and shown to be affected by oxygen availability. The ΔcreC strain secreted more formate, succinate, and acetate but less lactate under low aeration. These metabolic changes were associated with differences in AckA and LdhA activities, both of which were affected by CreC. Measurement of the NAD(P)H/NAD(P)(+) ratios showed that the creC510 strain had a more reduced intracellular redox state, while the opposite was observed for the ΔcreC mutant, particularly under intermediate oxygen availability conditions, indicating that CreC affects redox balance. The null mutant formed more succinate than the wild-type strain under both low aeration and no aeration. Overexpression of the genes encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from E. coli and a NADH-forming formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii in the ΔcreC mutant further increased the yield of succinate on glucose. Interestingly, the elimination of ackA and adhE did not significantly improve the production of succinate. The diverse metabolic effects of this regulator on the central biochemical network of E. coli make it a good candidate for metabolic-engineering manipulations to enhance the formation of bioproducts, such as succinate.
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Xia T, Altman E, Eiteman MA. Succinate production from xylose-glucose mixtures using a consortium of engineeredEscherichia coli. Eng Life Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xia
- BioChemical Engineering, College of Engineering; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - Elliot Altman
- Department of Biology; Middle Tennessee State University; Murfreesboro TN USA
| | - Mark A. Eiteman
- BioChemical Engineering, College of Engineering; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
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Jiang M, Chen X, Liang L, Liu R, Wan Q, Wu M, Zhang H, Ma J, Chen K, Ouyang P. Co-expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase for succinate production in engineered Escherichia coli. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 56:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li Y, Li M, Zhang X, Yang P, Liang Q, Qi Q. A novel whole-phase succinate fermentation strategy with high volumetric productivity in engineered Escherichia coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 149:333-40. [PMID: 24125798 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The strategic design of this study aims at fermentative succinate production with high volumetric productivity in engineered Escherichia coli. An E. coli YL106/pSCsfcA was engineered to produce succinate under aerobic, microaerobic and anaerobic conditions by derepressing the inhibition of low dissolved oxygen, eliminating the NADH competitive pathways, modulating the redistribution of metabolic flux, and increasing the transport rate of the sole carbon source glucose. Based on this strain, a novel "whole-phase" succinate production strategy was further developed, in which the engineered strain was first cultivated aerobically, then shifted to microaerobic phase at the end of exponential growth, and finally kept in anaerobic phase until the end of fermentation. Employing this strategy, the engineered E. coli YL106/pSCsfcA was able to produce 85.30 g l(-1) succinate with an overall volumetric productivity of 2.13 g l(-1)h(-1). This process offers an efficiently fermentative method for industrial succinate production in metabolically engineered E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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An engineering Escherichia coli mutant with high succinic acid production in the defined medium obtained by the atmospheric and room temperature plasma. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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CO2 fixation for succinic acid production by engineered Escherichia coli co-expressing pyruvate carboxylase and nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wu H, Li Q, Li ZM, Ye Q. Succinic acid production and CO2 fixation using a metabolically engineered Escherichia coli in a bioreactor equipped with a self-inducing agitator. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 107:376-384. [PMID: 22209435 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A 5-L bioreactor equipped with a self-induction agitator was applied to a two-stage culture of Escherichia coli NZN111 for succinic acid production in a mineral salts medium. CO(2) was cycled inside this reactor and a sufficient CO(2) transfer rate was maintained with the elimination of CO(2) wasted by ventilation. In the anaerobic stage, much less supplemental CO(2) was required at pH6.3 compared to that at pH7.0, and the succinate yield increased. The performances of succinate production were little changed when compared to a process with CO(2) sparging indicating that use of the self-inducing agitator reduced CO(2) waste. The succinate production process was further coupled with ethanol fermentation by using the CO(2) produced from ethanol fermentation. This integrated system demonstrated that both succinate and bioethanol can be effectively produced while the emission of the CO(2) formed during ethanol fermentation can be greatly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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Thakker C, Martínez I, San KY, Bennett GN. Succinate production in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol J 2011; 7:213-24. [PMID: 21932253 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Succinate has been recognized as an important platform chemical that can be produced from biomass. While a number of organisms are capable of succinate production naturally, this review focuses on the engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of four-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Important features of a succinate production system are to achieve an optimal balance of reducing equivalents generated by consumption of the feedstock, while maximizing the amount of carbon channeled into the product. Aerobic and anaerobic production strains have been developed and applied to production from glucose and other abundant carbon sources. Metabolic engineering methods and strain evolution have been used and supplemented by the recent application of systems biology and in silico modeling tools to construct optimal production strains. The metabolic capacity of the production strain, the requirement for efficient recovery of succinate, and the reliability of the performance under scaleup are important in the overall process. The costs of the overall biorefinery-compatible process will determine the economic commercialization of succinate and its impact in larger chemical markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandresh Thakker
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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Martínez I, Bennett GN, San KY. Metabolic impact of the level of aeration during cell growth on anaerobic succinate production by an engineered Escherichia coli strain. Metab Eng 2010; 12:499-509. [PMID: 20883813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic impact of two different aeration conditions during the growth phase on anaerobic succinate production by the high succinate producer Escherichia coli SBS550MG (pHL413) was investigated. Gene expression profiles, metabolites concentrations and metabolic fluxes were analyzed. Different oxygen levels are known to induce or repress transcription, synthesis of different enzymes, or both, affecting cell metabolism and thus product yield and productivity. The succinate yield was 1.55 and 1.25 mol succinate/mol glucose, and the productivity was 1.3 and 0.9 g L(-1)h(-1)) for the low aeration experiment and high aeration experiment, respectively. Changes in the level of aeration during the cells growth phase significantly modified gene expression profiles and metabolic fluxes in this system. Pyruvate was accumulated during the anaerobic phase in the high aeration experiment, which could be explained by a lower pflAB expression during the transition time and a lower flux towards acetyl-CoA during the anaerobic phase compared to the low aeration case. The higher PflAB flux and the higher expression of genes related to the glyoxylate shunt (aceA, aceB, acnA, acnB) during the transition time, anaerobic phase, or both, improved succinate yield in the low aeration case, allowing the system to attain the maximum theoretical succinate yield for E. coli SBS550MG (pHL413).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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