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Sun C, Meng X, Sun F, Zhang J, Tu M, Chang JS, Reungsang A, Xia A, Ragauskas AJ. Advances and perspectives on mass transfer and enzymatic hydrolysis in the enzyme-mediated lignocellulosic biorefinery: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108059. [PMID: 36402253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis is a critical process for the cellulase-mediated lignocellulosic biorefinery to produce sugar syrups that can be converted into a whole range of biofuels and biochemicals. Such a process operating at high-solid loadings (i.e., scarcely any free water or roughly ≥ 15% solids, w/w) is considered more economically feasible, as it can generate a high sugar concentration at low operation and capital costs. However, this approach remains restricted and incurs "high-solid effects", ultimately causing the lower hydrolysis yields with increasing solid loadings. The lack of available water leads to a highly viscous system with impaired mixing that exhibits strong transfer resistance and reaction limitation imposed on enzyme action. Evidently, high-solid enzymatic hydrolysis involves multi-scale mass transfer and multi-phase enzyme reaction, and thus requires a synergistic perspective of transfer and biotransformation to assess the interactions among water, biomass components, and cellulase enzymes. Porous particle characteristics of biomass and its interface properties determine the water form and distribution state surrounding the particles, which are summarized in this review aiming to identify the water-driven multi-scale/multi-phase bioprocesses. Further aided by the cognition of rheological behavior of biomass slurry, solute transfer theories, and enzyme kinetics, the coupling effects of flow-transfer-reaction are revealed under high-solid conditions. Based on the above basic features, this review lucidly explains the causes of high-solid hydrolysis hindrances, highlights the mismatched issues between transfer and reaction, and more importantly, presents the advanced strategies for transfer and reaction enhancements from the viewpoint of process optimization, reactor design, as well as enzyme/auxiliary additive customization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of MOE, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Fubao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of MOE, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Maobing Tu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Alissara Reungsang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Joint Institute of Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
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2
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Zanuso E, Ruiz HA, Domingues L, Teixeira JA. Oscillatory flow bioreactor operating at high solids loading for enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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3
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Continuous enzymatic saccharification and its rheology profiling under high solids loading of lignocellulose biomass. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Metaproteomics reveals enzymatic strategies deployed by anaerobic microbiomes to maintain lignocellulose deconstruction at high solids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3870. [PMID: 35790765 PMCID: PMC9256739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEconomically viable production of cellulosic biofuels requires operation at high solids loadings—on the order of 15 wt%. To this end we characterize Nature’s ability to deconstruct and utilize mid-season switchgrass at increasing solid loadings using an anaerobic methanogenic microbiome. This community exhibits undiminished fractional carbohydrate solubilization at loadings ranging from 30 g/L to 150 g/L. Metaproteomic interrogation reveals marked increases in the abundance of specific carbohydrate-active enzyme classes. Significant enrichment of auxiliary activity family 6 enzymes at higher solids suggests a role for Fenton chemistry. Stress-response proteins accompanying these reactions are similarly upregulated at higher solids, as are β-glucosidases, xylosidases, carbohydrate-debranching, and pectin-acting enzymes—all of which indicate that removal of deconstruction inhibitors is important for observed undiminished solubilization. Our work provides insights into the mechanisms by which natural microbiomes effectively deconstruct and utilize lignocellulose at high solids loadings, informing the future development of defined cultures for efficient bioconversion.
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Climent Barba F, Rodríguez-Jasso RM, Sukumaran RK, Ruiz HA. High-solids loading processing for an integrated lignocellulosic biorefinery: Effects of transport phenomena and rheology - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127044. [PMID: 35337992 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to present an analysis and discussion on the processing of lignocellulosic biomass in terms of biorefinery concept and circular bioeconomy operating at high solids lignocellulosic (above 15% [w/w]) at the pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis stage, and fermentation strategy for an integrated lignocellulosic bioprocessing. Studies suggest high solids concentration enzymatic hydrolysis for improved sugars yields and methods to overcome mass transport constraints. Rheological and computational fluid dynamics models of high solids operation through evaluation of mass and momentum transfer limitations are presented. Also, the review paper explores operational feeding strategies to obtain high ethanol concentration and conversion yield, from the hydrothermal pretreatment and investigates the impact of mass load over the operational techniques. Finally, this review contains a brief overview of some of the operations that have successfully scaled up and implemented high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis in terms of the biorefinery concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Climent Barba
- Centre for Doctoral Training in Bioenergy, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa M Rodríguez-Jasso
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Rajeev K Sukumaran
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Héctor A Ruiz
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
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Ranganathan S, Mahesh S, Suresh S, Nagarajan A, Z Sen T, M Yennamalli R. Experimental and computational studies of cellulases as bioethanol enzymes. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14028-14046. [PMID: 35730402 PMCID: PMC9345620 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2085541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioethanol industries and bioprocesses have many challenges that constantly impede commercialization of the end product. One of the bottlenecks in the bioethanol industry is the challenge of discovering highly efficient catalysts that can improve biomass conversion. The current promising bioethanol conversion catalysts are microorganism-based cellulolytic enzymes, but lack optimization for high bioethanol conversion, due to biological and other factors. A better understanding of molecular underpinnings of cellulolytic enzyme mechanisms and significant ways to improve them can accelerate the bioethanol commercial production process. In order to do this, experimental methods are the primary choice to evaluate and characterize cellulase’s properties, but they are time-consuming and expensive. A time-saving, complementary approach involves computational methods that evaluate the same properties and improves our atomistic-level understanding of enzymatic mechanism of action. Theoretical methods in many cases have proposed research routes for subsequent experimental testing and validation, reducing the overall research cost. Having a plethora of tools to evaluate cellulases and the yield of the enzymatic process will aid in planning more optimized experimental setups. Thus, there is a need to connect the computational evaluation methods with the experimental methods to overcome the bottlenecks in the bioethanol industry. This review discusses various experimental and computational methods and their use in evaluating the multiple properties of cellulases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrivaishnavi Ranganathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sankar Mahesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sruthi Suresh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, India
| | - Ayshwarya Nagarajan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, India
| | - Taner Z Sen
- S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research UnitU., California, USA
| | - Ragothaman M Yennamalli
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, India
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Dias MC, Belgacem MN, de Resende JV, Martins MA, Damásio RAP, Tonoli GHD, Ferreira SR. Eco-friendly laccase and cellulase enzymes pretreatment for optimized production of high content lignin-cellulose nanofibrils. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:413-425. [PMID: 35413312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignin-cellulose nanofibrils (LCNF) are of attracting an increasing interest due to the benefits of maintaining the lignin in the nanomaterial composition. The production of LCNF requires considerable energy consumption, which has been suppressed employing pretreatment of biomass, in which it highlights those that employ enzymes that have the advantage of being more environmentally friendly. Some negative aspects of the presence of lignin in the fiber to obtain cellulose nanofibrils is that it can hinder the delamination of the cell wall and act as a physical barrier to the action of cellulase enzymes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a combined enzymatic pretreatment of laccase and endoglucanase for high content lignin LCNF production. The morphological and chemical properties, visual aspect and stability, crystallinity, mechanical properties, rheology, barrier properties and quality index were used to characterize the LCNF. The laccase loading used was efficient in modifying the lignin to facilitate the action of the endoglucanase on cellulose without causing the removal of this macromolecule. This pretreatment improved the quality of LCNF (61 ± 3 to 71 ± 2 points) with an energy saving of 42% and, therefore, this pretreatment could be suitable for industrial production for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Cordazzo Dias
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras, C.P. 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brazil; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LGP2, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Mohamed Naceur Belgacem
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LGP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jaime Vilela de Resende
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras, C.P. 3037, 37200-900 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Martins
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture, Embrapa Instrumentation, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Saulo Rocha Ferreira
- Department of Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, C.P. 3037, 37200-900 Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Lignocellulose particle size and rheological properties changes in periodic peristalsis enzymatic hydrolysis at high solids. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Baral P, Kumar V, Agrawal D. Emerging trends in high-solids enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic feedstocks for developing an efficient and industrially deployable sugar platform. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:873-891. [PMID: 34530648 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1973363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
For the techno-commercial success of any lignocellulosic biorefinery, the cost-effective production of fermentable sugars for the manufacturing of bio-based products is indispensable. High-solids enzymatic saccharification (HSES) is a straightforward approach to develop an industrially deployable sugar platform. Economic incentives such as reduced capital and operational expenditure along with environmental benefits in the form of reduced effluent discharge makes this strategy more lucrative for exploitation. However, HSES suffers from the drawback of non-linear and disproportionate sugar yields with increased substrate loadings. To overcome this bottleneck, researchers tend to perform HSES at high enzyme loadings. Nonetheless, the production costs of cellulases are one of the key contributors that impair the entire process economics. This review highlights the relentless efforts made globally to attain a high-titer of sugars and their fermentation products by performing efficient HSES at low cellulase loadings. In this context, technical innovations such as advancements in new pretreatment strategies, next-generation cellulase cocktails, additives, accessory enzymes, novel reactor concepts and enzyme recycling studies are especially showcased. This review further covers new insights, learnings and prospects in the area of lignocellulosic bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Baral
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Deepti Agrawal
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, India
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10
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Chandrasekar M, Joshi L, Krieg K, Chipkar S, Burke E, Debrauske DJ, Thelen KD, Sato TK, Ong RG. A high solids field-to-fuel research pipeline to identify interactions between feedstocks and biofuel production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:179. [PMID: 34507592 PMCID: PMC8431876 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental factors, such as weather extremes, have the potential to cause adverse effects on plant biomass quality and quantity. Beyond adversely affecting feedstock yield and composition, which have been extensively studied, environmental factors can have detrimental effects on saccharification and fermentation processes in biofuel production. Only a few studies have evaluated the effect of these factors on biomass deconstruction into biofuel and resulting fuel yields. This field-to-fuel evaluation of various feedstocks requires rigorous coordination of pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation experiments. A large number of biomass samples, often in limited quantity, are needed to thoroughly understand the effect of environmental conditions on biofuel production. This requires greater processing and analytical throughput of industrially relevant, high solids loading hydrolysates for fermentation, and led to the need for a laboratory-scale high solids experimentation platform. RESULTS A field-to-fuel platform was developed to provide sufficient volumes of high solids loading enzymatic hydrolysate for fermentation. AFEX pretreatment was conducted in custom pretreatment reactors, followed by high solids enzymatic hydrolysis. To accommodate enzymatic hydrolysis of multiple samples, roller bottles were used to overcome the bottlenecks of mixing and reduced sugar yields at high solids loading, while allowing greater sample throughput than possible in bioreactors. The roller bottle method provided 42-47% greater liquefaction compared to the batch shake flask method for the same solids loading. In fermentation experiments, hydrolysates from roller bottles were fermented more rapidly, with greater xylose consumption, but lower final ethanol yields and CO2 production than hydrolysates generated with shake flasks. The entire platform was tested and was able to replicate patterns of fermentation inhibition previously observed for experiments conducted in larger-scale reactors and bioreactors, showing divergent fermentation patterns for drought and normal year switchgrass hydrolysates. CONCLUSION A pipeline of small-scale AFEX pretreatment and roller bottle enzymatic hydrolysis was able to provide adequate quantities of hydrolysate for respirometer fermentation experiments and was able to overcome hydrolysis bottlenecks at high solids loading by obtaining greater liquefaction compared to batch shake flask hydrolysis. Thus, the roller bottle method can be effectively utilized to compare divergent feedstocks and diverse process conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenaa Chandrasekar
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Leela Joshi
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Karleigh Krieg
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Sarvada Chipkar
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Emily Burke
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Derek J Debrauske
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Kurt D Thelen
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Trey K Sato
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Rebecca G Ong
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
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11
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Consolidated bio-saccharification: Leading lignocellulose bioconversion into the real world. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Estimation of Biomass Enzymatic Hydrolysis State in Stirred Tank Reactor through Moving Horizon Algorithms with Fixed and Dynamic Fuzzy Weights. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8040407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Second generation ethanol faces challenges before profitable implementation. Biomass hydrolysis is one of the bottlenecks, especially when this process occurs at high solids loading and with enzymatic catalysts. Under this setting, kinetic modeling and reaction monitoring are hindered due to the conditions of the medium, while increasing the mixing power. An algorithm that addresses these challenges might improve the reactor performance. In this work, a soft sensor that is based on agitation power measurements that uses an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as an internal model is proposed in order to predict free carbohydrates concentrations. The developed soft sensor is used in a Moving Horizon Estimator (MHE) algorithm to improve the prediction of state variables during biomass hydrolysis. The algorithm is developed and used for batch and fed-batch hydrolysis experimental runs. An alteration of the classical MHE is proposed for improving prediction, using a novel fuzzy rule to alter the filter weights online. This alteration improved the prediction when compared to the original MHE in both training data sets (tracking error decreased 13%) and in test data sets, where the error reduction obtained is 44%.
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da Silva AS, Espinheira RP, Teixeira RSS, de Souza MF, Ferreira-Leitão V, Bon EPS. Constraints and advances in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: a critical review. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:58. [PMID: 32211072 PMCID: PMC7092515 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01697-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The industrial production of sugar syrups from lignocellulosic materials requires the conduction of the enzymatic hydrolysis step at high-solids loadings (i.e., with over 15% solids [w/w] in the reaction mixture). Such conditions result in sugar syrups with increased concentrations and in improvements in both capital and operational costs, making the process more economically feasible. However, this approach still poses several technical hindrances that impact the process efficiency, known as the "high-solids effect" (i.e., the decrease in glucan conversion yields as solids load increases). The purpose of this review was to present the findings on the main limitations and advances in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis in an updated and comprehensive manner. The causes for the rheological limitations at the onset of the high-solids operation as well as those influencing the "high-solids effect" will be discussed. The subject of water constraint, which results in a highly viscous system and impairs mixing, and by extension, mass and heat transfer, will be analyzed under the perspective of the limitations imposed to the action of the cellulolytic enzymes. The "high-solids effect" will be further discussed vis-à-vis enzymes end-product inhibition and the inhibitory effect of compounds formed during the biomass pretreatment as well as the enzymes' unproductive adsorption to lignin. This review also presents the scientific and technological advances being introduced to lessen high-solids hydrolysis hindrances, such as the development of more efficient enzyme formulations, biomass and enzyme feeding strategies, reactor and impeller designs as well as process strategies to alleviate the end-product inhibition. We surveyed the academic literature in the form of scientific papers as well as patents to showcase the efforts on technological development and industrial implementation of the use of lignocellulosic materials as renewable feedstocks. Using a critical approach, we expect that this review will aid in the identification of areas with higher demand for scientific and technological efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Sant’Ana da Silva
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312 Brazil
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Roberta Pereira Espinheira
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312 Brazil
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sposina Sobral Teixeira
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Marcella Fernandes de Souza
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Viridiana Ferreira-Leitão
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312 Brazil
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Elba P. S. Bon
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
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15
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Enhancement and modeling of enzymatic hydrolysis on cellulose from agave bagasse hydrothermally pretreated in a horizontal bioreactor. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 211:349-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Kadhum HJ, Mahapatra DM, Murthy GS. A novel method for real-time estimation of insoluble solids and glucose concentrations during enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 275:328-337. [PMID: 30594844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study describes a novel method using instantaneous mixing torque and rotational speed to estimate insoluble solids and glucose concentrations during enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass. This method is cost-effective for real-time monitoring and control of enzymatic hydrolysis and potentially scalable. The model was developed using biomass slurries at three solids loading (20, 30 and 45%) at various rotational speeds from 50 to 400 rpm. The results showed a significant drop in mixing torque at 12 h with high solids loading. Maximum glucose concentration (205 g/l) during hydrolysis was achieved at 45% solids loading. Insoluble solids and glucose concentration as a function of torque and rotational speeds were modeled using a modified Herschell-Bulkley model. The model describes the experimental observations with high fidelity (R2 = 0.84) and can be used for real time monitoring of many multiphase reaction systems as enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and dry grind corn ethanol processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Jawad Kadhum
- Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Durga Madhab Mahapatra
- Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Ganti S Murthy
- Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
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17
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Digaitis R, Thybring EE, Thygesen LG. Investigating the role of mechanics in lignocellulosic biomass degradation during hydrolysis. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2754. [PMID: 30468315 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes and mechanics play major roles in lignocellulosic biomass deconstruction in biorefineries by catalyzing chemical cleavage or inducing physical breakdown of biomass, respectively. At industrially relevant substrate concentrations mechanical agitation is also a driving force for mass transfer as well as agglomeration of elongated biomass particles. Contrary to the physically induced particle attrition, which typically facilitates feedstock handling, particle agglomeration tends to hinder mass transfer and in the worst case induces processing difficulties like pipe blockage. Understanding the complex interplay between mechanical agitation and enzymatic degradation during hydrolysis is therefore critical and was the aim of this study. Particle size analyses revealed that neither mechanical agitation alone nor enzymatic treatment without mechanical agitation had any noteworthy effect on flax fiber attrition. Similarly, successive treatment, where mechanical agitation was either preceded or proceeded by enzymatic hydrolysis, did not induce any substantial segmentation of flax fibers. Simultaneous enzymatic and mechanical treatment on the other hand was found to promote fast fiber shortening. Higher hydrolysis yields, however, were obtained from nonagitated samples after prolonged enzymatic treatment, indicating that mechanical agitation in the long run reduces activity of the cellulolytic enzymes. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2754, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramūnas Digaitis
- Dept. of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Emil Engelund Thybring
- Dept. of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen
- Dept. of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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18
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Yao Y, Yang J, Sun-Waterhouse D, Cui C, Wang W, Dong K. Pilot-scale Protamex™-catalysed production of round scad protein hydrolysates:effects of agitation alone and combined with aeration. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Yao
- Food department; Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College; Guangzhou 510520 China
| | - Juan Yang
- College of Light Industry and Food Science; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- College of Light Industry and Food Science; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Chun Cui
- College of Light Industry and Food Science; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Science; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Keming Dong
- College of Light Industry and Food Science; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Weiwei biotechnology Co. LTD; Guangzhou 511440 China
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19
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Du J, Song W, Zhang X, Zhao J, Liu G, Qu Y. Differential reinforcement of enzymatic hydrolysis by adding chemicals and accessory proteins to high solid loading substrates with different pretreatments. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1153-1163. [PMID: 29687236 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1944-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High dosage of enzyme is required to achieve effective lignocellulose hydrolysis, especially at high-solid loadings, which is a significant barrier to large-scale bioconversion of lignocellulose. Here, we screened four chemical additives and three accessory proteins for their effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis of various lignocellulosic materials. The effects were found to be highly dependent on the composition and solid loadings of substrates. For xylan-extracted lignin-rich corncob residue, the enhancing effect of PEG 6000 was most pronounced and negligibly affected by solid content, which reduced more than half of enzyme demand at 20% dry matter (DM). Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase enhanced the hydrolysis of ammonium sulfite wheat straw pulp, and its addition reduced about half of protein demand at the solid loading of 20% DM. Supplementation of the additives in the hydrolysis of pure cellulose and complex lignocellulosic materials revealed that their effects are tightly linked to pretreatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Wenxia Song
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
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20
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Squinca P, Badino AC, Farinas CS. A closed-loop strategy for endoglucanase production using sugarcane bagasse liquefied by a home-made enzymatic cocktail. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 249:976-982. [PMID: 29145125 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Use of the same lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock for enzymes and ethanol production has been suggested as a lower cost option in future biorefineries. Here, we propose a closed-loop strategy to produce the cellulolytic enzymes required for biomass hydrolysis using sugarcane bagasse liquefied by a home-made enzymatic cocktail as carbon source and inducer. The fed-batch liquefaction conditions were firstly evaluated using commercial enzymes. Subsequently, the effects of different liquefied materials and solids loadings on endoglucanase production by Aspergillus niger cultivated in submerged fermentation were investigated. The liquefied bagasse produced using the home-made cocktail was more favorable for endoglucanase production, resulting in improvement up to 17%, compared to bagasse liquefied by commercial enzymes. The results indicated that liquefied bagasse produced by home-made enzymatic cocktail could provide a cost-effective carbon source and inducer for cellulolytic enzyme production, and could contribute to closing loops within the biorefinery, thus reducing costs and minimizing waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Squinca
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Embrapa Instrumentation, Rua XV de Novembro 1452, 13561-206 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto C Badino
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S Farinas
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Embrapa Instrumentation, Rua XV de Novembro 1452, 13561-206 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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21
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Du J, Cao Y, Liu G, Zhao J, Li X, Qu Y. Identifying and overcoming the effect of mass transfer limitation on decreased yield in enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose at high solid concentrations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 229:88-95. [PMID: 28110129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose conversion decreases significantly with increasing solid concentrations during enzymatic hydrolysis of insoluble lignocellulosic materials. Here, mass transfer limitation was identified as a significant determining factor of this decrease by studying the hydrolysis of delignified corncob residue in shake flask, the most used reaction vessel in bench scale. Two mass transfer efficiency-related factors, mixing speed and flask filling, were shown to correlate closely with cellulose conversion at solid loadings higher than 15% DM. The role of substrate characteristics in mass transfer performance was also significant, which was revealed by the saccharification of two corn stover substrates with different pretreatment methods at the same solid loading. Several approaches including premix, fed-batch operation, and particularly the use of horizontal rotating reactor were shown to be valid in facilitating cellulose conversion via improving mass transfer efficiency at solid concentrations higher than 15% DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 250100, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 250100, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 250100, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 250100, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 250100, China
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 250100, China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, 250100, China.
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22
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Montella S, Ventorino V, Lombard V, Henrissat B, Pepe O, Faraco V. Discovery of genes coding for carbohydrate-active enzyme by metagenomic analysis of lignocellulosic biomasses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42623. [PMID: 28198423 PMCID: PMC5309792 DOI: 10.1038/srep42623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a high-throughput sequencing approach was applied to discover novel biocatalysts for lignocellulose hydrolysis from three dedicated energy crops, Arundo donax, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Populus nigra, after natural biodegradation. The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. Moreover, the functional clustering of the predicted ORFs showed a prevalence of poorly characterized genes, suggesting these lignocellulosic biomasses are potential sources of as yet unknown genes. 1.2%, 0.6% and 3.4% of the total ORFs detected in A. donax, E. camaldulensis and P. nigra, respectively, were putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). Interestingly, the glycoside hydrolases abundance in P. nigra (1.8%) was higher than that detected in the other biomasses investigated in this study. Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Montella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 4 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Ventorino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici (Napoli), Italy
| | - Vincent Lombard
- CNRS UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France.,INRA, USC 1408 AFMB, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- CNRS UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France.,INRA, USC 1408 AFMB, 13288 Marseille, France.,Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olimpia Pepe
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici (Napoli), Italy
| | - Vincenza Faraco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 4 80126 Naples, Italy
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23
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Duwe A, Tippkötter N, Ulber R. Lignocellulose-Biorefinery: Ethanol-Focused. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 166:177-215. [PMID: 29071401 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The development prospects of the world markets for petroleum and other liquid fuels are diverse and partly contradictory. However, comprehensive changes for the energy supply of the future are essential. Notwithstanding the fact that there are still very large deposits of energy resources from a geological point of view, the finite nature of conventional oil reserves is indisputable. To reduce our dependence on oil, the EU, the USA, and other major economic zones rely on energy diversification. For this purpose, alternative materials and technologies are being sought, and is most obvious in the transport sector. The objective is to progressively replace fossil fuels with renewable and more sustainable fuels. In this respect, biofuels have a pre-eminent position in terms of their capability of blending with fossil fuels and being usable in existing cars without substantial modification. Ethanol can be considered as the primary renewable liquid fuel. In this chapter enzymes, micro-organisms, and processes for ethanol production based on renewable resources are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Duwe
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - N Tippkötter
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - R Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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24
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Hou W, An R, Zhang J, Bao J. On-site measurement and modeling of rheological property of corn stover hydrolysate at high solids content. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Corrêa LJ, Badino AC, Cruz AJG. Power consumption evaluation of different fed-batch strategies for enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:825-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Rheology evolution and CFD modeling of lignocellulose biomass during extremely high solids content pretreatment. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Principles and Challenges Involved in the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Materials at High Total Solids. GREEN FUELS TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30205-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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28
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Mixing design for enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse: methodology for selection of impeller configuration. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 39:285-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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29
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A Neurospora crassa ÿ-glucosidase with potential for lignocellulose hydrolysis shows strong glucose tolerance and stimulation by glucose and xylose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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30
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Liguori R, Ventorino V, Pepe O, Faraco V. Bioreactors for lignocellulose conversion into fermentable sugars for production of high added value products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:597-611. [PMID: 26572518 PMCID: PMC4703634 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomasses derived from dedicated crops and agro-industrial residual materials are promising renewable resources for the production of fuels and other added value bioproducts. Due to the tolerance to a wide range of environments, the dedicated crops can be cultivated on marginal lands, avoiding conflict with food production and having beneficial effects on the environment. Besides, the agro-industrial residual materials represent an abundant, available, and cheap source of bioproducts that completely cut out the economical and environmental issues related to the cultivation of energy crops. Different processing steps like pretreatment, hydrolysis and microbial fermentation are needed to convert biomass into added value bioproducts. The reactor configuration, the operative conditions, and the operation mode of the conversion processes are crucial parameters for a high yield and productivity of the biomass bioconversion process. This review summarizes the last progresses in the bioreactor field, with main attention on the new configurations and the agitation systems, for conversion of dedicated energy crops (Arundo donax) and residual materials (corn stover, wheat straw, mesquite wood, agave bagasse, fruit and citrus peel wastes, sunflower seed hull, switchgrass, poplar sawdust, cogon grass, sugarcane bagasse, sunflower seed hull, and poplar wood) into sugars and ethanol. The main novelty of this review is its focus on reactor components and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Liguori
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Ventorino
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Olimpia Pepe
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Vincenza Faraco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
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31
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Cunha FM, Kreke T, Badino AC, Farinas CS, Ximenes E, Ladisch MR. Liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse for enzyme production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 172:249-252. [PMID: 25265329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to report liquefaction of pretreated and sterilized sugarcane bagasse for enhancing endoglucanase production through submerged fermentation by Aspergillus niger. After initial solid state fermentation of steam pretreated bagasse solids by A. niger, fed-batch addition of the substrate to cellulase in buffer over a 12h period, followed by 36h reaction, resulted in a liquid slurry with a viscosity of 0.30±0.07Pas at 30% (w/v) solids. Addition of A. niger for submerged fermentation of sterile liquefied bagasse at 23% w/v solids resulted in an enzyme titer of 2.5IUmL(-1) or about 15× higher productivity than solid-state fermentation of non-liquefied bagasse (final activity of 0.17IUmL(-1)). Bagasse not treated by initial solid-state fermentation but liquefied with enzyme gave 2IUmL(-1). These results show the utility of liquefied bagasse as a culture medium for enzyme production in submerged fermentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Cunha
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering and Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Embrapa Instrumentation, Rua XV de Novembro 1452, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - T Kreke
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering and Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - A C Badino
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - C S Farinas
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Embrapa Instrumentation, Rua XV de Novembro 1452, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - E Ximenes
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering and Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - M R Ladisch
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering and Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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32
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Pandiyan K, Tiwari R, Singh S, Nain PKS, Rana S, Arora A, Singh SB, Nain L. Optimization of Enzymatic Saccharification of Alkali Pretreated Parthenium sp. Using Response Surface Methodology. Enzyme Res 2014; 2014:764898. [PMID: 24900917 PMCID: PMC4036719 DOI: 10.1155/2014/764898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Parthenium sp. is a noxious weed which threatens the environment and biodiversity due to its rapid invasion. This lignocellulosic weed was investigated for its potential in biofuel production by subjecting it to mild alkali pretreatment followed by enzymatic saccharification which resulted in significant amount of fermentable sugar yield (76.6%). Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis variables such as temperature, pH, enzyme, and substrate loading was carried out using central composite design (CCD) in response to surface methodology (RSM) to achieve the maximum saccharification yield. Data obtained from RSM was validated using ANOVA. After the optimization process, a model was proposed with predicted value of 80.08% saccharification yield under optimum conditions which was confirmed by the experimental value of 85.80%. This illustrated a good agreement between predicted and experimental response (saccharification yield). The saccharification yield was enhanced by enzyme loading and reduced by temperature and substrate loading. This study reveals that under optimized condition, sugar yield was significantly increased which was higher than earlier reports and promises the use of Parthenium sp. biomass as a feedstock for bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Pandiyan
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rameshwar Tiwari
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Pawan K. S. Nain
- School of Civil & Mechanical Engineering, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Sarika Rana
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Anju Arora
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Shashi B. Singh
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Lata Nain
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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