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Arancibia-Díaz A, Astudillo-Castro C, Altamirano C, Soto-Maldonado C, Vergara-Castro M, Córdova A, Zúñiga-Hansen ME. Development of solid-state fermentation process of spent coffee grounds for the differentiated obtaining of chlorogenic, quinic, and caffeic acids. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:420-427. [PMID: 36373791 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are a good source of chlorogenic acid (CGA), which can be hydrolyzed to quinic acid (QA) and caffeic acid (CA). These molecules have antioxidant and neuroprotective capacities, benefiting human health. The hydrolysis of CGA can be done by biotechnological processes, such as solid-state fermentation (SSF). This work evaluated the use of SSF with Aspergillus sp. for the joint release of the three molecules from SCGs. RESULTS Hydroalcoholic extraction of the total phenolic compounds (TPCs) from SCGs was optimized, obtaining 28.9 ± 1.97 g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) kg-1 SCGs using 0.67 L ethanol per 1 L, a 1:9 solid/liquid ratio, and a 63 min extraction time. Subsequently, SSF was performed for 30 days, achieving the maximum yields for CGA, QA, and TPCs on the 16th day: 7.12 ± 0.01 g kg-1 , 4.68 ± 0.11 g kg-1 , and 54.96 ± 0.49 g GAE kg-1 respectively. CA reached its maximum value on the 23rd day, at 4.94 ± 0.04 g kg-1 . The maximum antioxidant capacity was 635.7 mmol Trolox equivalents kg-1 on the 14th day. Compared with unfermented SCGs extracts, TPCs and CGA increase their maximum values 2.3-fold, 18.6-fold for CA, 14.2 for QA, and 6.4-fold for antioxidant capacity. Additionally, different extracts' profiles were obtained throughout the SSF process, allowing us to adjust the type of enriched extract to be produced based on the SSF time. CONCLUSION SSF represents an alternative to produce extracts with different compositions and, consequently, different antioxidant capacities, which is a potentially attractive fermentation process for different applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Arancibia-Díaz
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carolina Astudillo-Castro
- School of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudia Altamirano
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Mauricio Vergara-Castro
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrés Córdova
- School of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - María Elvira Zúñiga-Hansen
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, Valparaíso, Chile
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Bioactives and Extracellular Enzymes Obtained from Fermented Macrofungi Cultivated in Cotton and Jatropha Seed Cakes. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081670. [PMID: 36014089 PMCID: PMC9413263 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work focused on obtaining fermented oil cake (cotton or Jatropha) via macrofungi growth with potential characteristics for animal feed formulations, such as the presence of extracellular enzymes, bioactive (ergosterol and antioxidants), and detoxification of antinutritional compounds. The concentration of phorbol esters was reduced by four macrofungi in Jatropha seed cake (JSC) to non-toxic levels. At least two macrofungi efficiently degraded free gossypol in cottonseed cake (CSC). Fermentation with Coriolopsis sp. INPA1646 and Tyromyces sp. INPA1696 resulted in increased ergosterol concentrations, antioxidant activity reduction, and high activity of laccases and proteases. Bromatological analysis indicated high crude protein concentrations, with partial solubilization by fungal proteases. Fermented products from Coriolopsis sp. and Tyromyces sp. in JSC or CSC can be considered important biological inputs for monogastric and polygastric animal feed.
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A Temporal Evolution Perspective of Lipase Production by Yarrowia lipolytica in Solid-State Fermentation. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipases are enzymes that, in aqueous or non-aqueous media, act on water-insoluble substrates, mainly catalyzing reactions on carboxyl ester bonds, such as hydrolysis, aminolysis, and (trans)esterification. Yarrowia lipolytica is a non-conventional yeast known for secreting lipases and other bioproducts; therefore, it is of great interest in various industrial fields. The production of lipases can be carried on solid-state fermentation (SSF) that utilizes solid substrates in the absence, or near absence, of free water and presents minimal problems with microbial contamination due to the low water contents in the medium. Moreover, SSF offers high volumetric productivity, targets concentrated compounds, high substrate concentration tolerance, and has less wastewater generation. In this sense, the present work provides a temporal evolution perspective regarding the main aspects of lipase production in SSF by Y. lipolytica, focusing on the most relevant aspects and presenting the potential of such an approach.
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Khalil H, Legin E, Kurek B, Perre P, Taidi B. Morphological growth pattern of Phanerochaete chrysosporium cultivated on different Miscanthus x giganteus biomass fractions. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:318. [PMID: 34784888 PMCID: PMC8597199 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid-state fermentation is a fungal culture technique used to produce compounds and products of industrial interest. The growth behaviour of filamentous fungi on solid media is challenging to study due to the intermixity of the substrate and the growing organism. Several strategies are available to measure indirectly the fungal biomass during the fermentation such as following the biochemical production of mycelium-specific components or microscopic observation. The microscopic observation of the development of the mycelium, on lignocellulosic substrate, has not been reported. In this study, we set up an experimental protocol based on microscopy and image processing through which we investigated the growth pattern of Phanerochaete chrysosporium on different Miscanthus x giganteus biomass fractions. RESULTS Object coalescence, the occupied surface area, and radial expansion of the colony were measured in time. The substrate was sterilized by autoclaving, which could be considered a type of pre-treatment. The fastest growth rate was measured on the unfractionated biomass, followed by the soluble fraction of the biomass, then the residual solid fractions. The growth rate on the different fractions of the substrate was additive, suggesting that both the solid and soluble fractions were used by the fungus. Based on the FTIR analysis, there were differences in composition between the solid and soluble fractions of the substrate, but the main components for growth were always present. We propose using this novel method for measuring the very initial fungal growth by following the variation of the number of objects over time. Once growth is established, the growth can be followed by measurement of the occupied surface by the mycelium. CONCLUSION Our data showed that the growth was affected from the very beginning by the nature of the substrate. The most extensive colonization of the surface was observed with the unfractionated substrate containing both soluble and solid components. The methodology was practical and may be applied to investigate the growth of other fungi, including the influence of environmental parameters on the fungal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Khalil
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Université Paris-Saclay, 3 Rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, 51097, Reims, France
| | - Estelle Legin
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, 51097, Reims, France
| | - Bernard Kurek
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, 51097, Reims, France
| | - Patrick Perre
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Université Paris-Saclay, 3 Rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 8-10 Rue Joliot-Curie, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Behnam Taidi
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Université Paris-Saclay, 3 Rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France.
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 8-10 Rue Joliot-Curie, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Song T, Zhang Z, Jin Q, Feng W, Shen Y, Fan L, Cai W. Nutrient profiles, functional compositions, and antioxidant activities of seven types of grain fermented with Sanghuangporus sanghuang fungus. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:4091-4101. [PMID: 34538893 PMCID: PMC8405792 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Sanghuangporus sanghuang (SS) is a rare medicinal polypore fungus that grows solely on Morus trees. In this study, seven grains (oats, barley, millet, rice, buckwheat, corn, and coix seed) were used as solid substrates for SS fermentation and characterized in their nutrition, functional composition, and antioxidant activities. After fermentation, the nutrient compositions of crude protein (F 1,41 = 111.1, P < 0.01), soluble protein (F 1,41 = 595.7, P < 0.01), soluble sugar (F 1,41 = 51.4, P < 0.01) and ash (F 1,41 = 227.3, P < 0.01) increased significantly. Oats were one of the best grains for SS fermentation, SS-Oat produced 6.23 mg QE/g polyphenols, 21.8 mg rutin/g flavonoids, and 2.3% triterpene. In addition, the antioxidant capacities of the seven grains all increased. Principal component analysis analysis shows that the antioxidant properties of the grains were similar after SS fermentation. The changes of antioxidant activity due to SS fermentation were corrected with corresponding grain and remarked as ΔT-AOC/ABTS+/DPPH/DNAp, that was correlated to part of changes in polyphenol, carotenoid, triterpenoids, and flavonoid contents. In summary, oats have the greatest potential for use as a fermentation substrate for health food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Song
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuofa Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Qunli Jin
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Weilin Feng
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingyue Shen
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Fan
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
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Steudler S, Ayubi MM, Hilpmann G, Lange R, Werner A, Walther T, Bley T. Immobilization of xylanases on metallic hollow spheres for biochemical catalysis. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Carboué Q, Rébufa C, Hamrouni R, Roussos S, Bombarda I. Statistical approach to evaluate effect of temperature and moisture content on the production of antioxidant naphtho-gamma-pyrones and hydroxycinnamic acids by Aspergillus tubingensis in solid-state fermentation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:2283-2294. [PMID: 32880738 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-ochratoxigenic Aspergillus tubingensis G131 is a filamentous fungus that can produce naphtho-gamma-pyrones (NγPs), polyketide pigments that exhibit interesting antioxidant properties. This study aims to investigate the effect of two critical parameters, temperature and moisture content on the fungus grown in solid-state fermentation using agricultural by-products (vine shoots and wheat bran) as sole medium. From the kinetic productions of secondary metabolites NγPs (asperpyrone E, dianhydroaurasperone C, fonsecin, fonsecin B and ustilaginoidin A), alkaloids (nigragilin and aspernigrin A), degradation products from the solid medium (β-D-glucose, p-coumaric acid and trans-ethyl ferulate), ergosterol and conidia obtained for different temperatures and moisture contents, a principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to highlight the production patterns of these compounds. This approach allowed us to determine that fonsecin, the compound of higher interest-exhibiting the most interesting antiradical potential-is particularly more produced at 25 °C and 66% of moisture content. This study underlines the importance of temperature and moisture content on naphtho-gamma-pyrones and hydroxycinnamic acid production using solid-state fermentation and contributes to the development of agroindustrial by-product valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Carboué
- Vinovalie, ZA Les Portes du Tarn, 81370, Saint-Sulpice-la-Pointe, France. .,Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France.
| | - Catherine Rébufa
- Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Rayhane Hamrouni
- Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Sevastianos Roussos
- Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Bombarda
- Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France.
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Kinetic identification of phenolic compounds and potential production of caffeic acid by Ganoderma lipsiense in solid-state fermentation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1325-1332. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Investigating a non-destructive alternative for a preliminary evaluation of fungal growth in solid state fermentations. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 160:60-67. [PMID: 30905501 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Solid state fermentation (SSF) is an ancient technique which keeps attracting the attention of the food and biotechnology industries; however, a direct quantification of microbial biomass is still a fundamental challenge in this type of processes. Typically, growth is measured using indirect and destructive methods which do not allow a continuous evaluation of the evolution of microbial biomass within a single system. This article presents a non-destructive, quick and simple technique, based on digital imaging analysis (DIA) for the evaluation of growth in SSF laboratory experiments. DIA uses computational analysis of images from a SSF to measure areas and colour changes on a surface. The method can then be used to monitor microbial growth by assigning quantitative values for the growth of filamentous fungi. Firstly, studies on agar plates are used for the description of the method and to illustrate how it can be used to monitor fungal colony areas and densities. Following that, agro-industrial residues are used to demonstrate the application of the technique. DIA proved to be a practical and inexpensive tool to measure colony areas and densities. Furthermore, it is a non-destructive and non-intrusive method, which means that the evaluation of growth can be achieved within a single system.
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10
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Doriya K, Kumar DS. Solid state fermentation of mixed substrate for l-asparaginase production using tray and in-house designed rotary bioreactor. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Kümmritz S, Louis M, Haas C, Oehmichen F, Gantz S, Delenk H, Steudler S, Bley T, Steingroewer J. "Fungal elicitors combined with a sucrose feed significantly enhance triterpene production of a Salvia fruticosa cell suspension". Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7071-82. [PMID: 26971493 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oleanolic (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) are plant secondary metabolites with diverse pharmacological properties. To reach reasonable productivities with plant cell suspension cultures, elicitation is a widely used strategy. Within the presented work, the effects of different elicitors on growth and production of OA and UA in a Salvia fruticosa cell suspension culture were examined. Beside commonly used elicitors like jasmonic acid (JA) and yeast extract, the influence of medium filtrates of the endophytic fungi Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma virens was investigated. The best eliciting effects were achieved with JA and fungal medium filtrates. Both increased the triterpene content by approximately 70 %. Since JA showed significant growth inhibition, the volumetric triterpene yield did not increase. But, adding fungal filtrates increased the volumetric triterpene yield by approximately 70 % to 32.6 mgOA l(-1) and 65.9 mgUA l(-1) for T. virens compared to the control with 19.4 mgOA l(-1) and 33.3 mgUA l(-1). An elicitation strategy combining fungal medium filtrate of T. virens with sucrose feeding significantly enhanced cell dry weight concentration to 22.2 g l(-1) as well as triterpene content by approximately 140 %. In total, this led to an approximately 500 % increase of volumetric triterpene yield referring to the control with final values of 112.9 mgOA l(-1) and 210.4 mgUA l(-1). Despite the doubled cultivation duration, productivities of 6.7 mgOA l(-1) day(-1) and 12.4 mgUA l(-1) day(-1) were reached. These results demonstrate methods by which increased productivities of triterpenes can be achieved to attain yields competing with intact plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Kümmritz
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 120, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Marilena Louis
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 120, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christiane Haas
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 120, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franz Oehmichen
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 120, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephanie Gantz
- Institute of Wood and Paper Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Marschner Straße 32, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hubertus Delenk
- Institute of Wood and Paper Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Marschner Straße 32, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Steudler
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 120, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Bley
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 120, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane Steingroewer
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 120, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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Karpe AV, Beale DJ, Godhani NB, Morrison PD, Harding IH, Palombo EA. Untargeted Metabolic Profiling of Winery-Derived Biomass Waste Degradation by Penicillium chrysogenum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10696-704. [PMID: 26611372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Winery-derived biomass waste was degraded by Penicillium chrysogenum under solid state fermentation over 8 days in a (2)H2O-supplemented medium. Multivariate statistical analysis of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data resulted in the identification of 94 significant metabolites, within 28 different metabolic pathways. The majority of biomass sugars were utilized by day 4 to yield products such as sugars, fatty acids, isoprenoids, and amino acids. The fungus was observed to metabolize xylose to xylitol, an intermediate of ethanol production. However, enzyme inhibition and autolysis were observed from day 6, indicating 5 days as the optimal time for fermentation. P. chrysogenum displayed metabolism of pentoses (to alcohols) and degraded tannins and lignins, properties that are lacking in other biomass-degrading ascomycetes. Rapid fermentation (3-5 days) may not only increase the pentose metabolizing efficiency but also increase the yield of medicinally important metabolites, such as syringate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash V Karpe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology , P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), P.O. Box 2583, Dutton Park, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - David J Beale
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), P.O. Box 2583, Dutton Park, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Nainesh B Godhani
- Department of Mechanical and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology , P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Paul D Morrison
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University , P.O. Box 2547, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ian H Harding
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology , P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Enzo A Palombo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology , P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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Simeng Z, Sacha G, Isabelle HG, Marie-Noëlle R. A PCR-based method to quantify fungal growth during pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 115:67-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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