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Cabral EV, Vieira LD, Sant'Helena BRM, Ribeiro VS, Farias JS, Aires RS, Paz ST, Muzi‐Filho H, Paixão AD, Vieyra A. Alpha‐Tocopherol during lactation and after weaning alters the programming effect of prenatal high salt intake on cardiac and renal functions of adult male offspring. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:1151-1165. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edjair V. Cabral
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Leucio D. Vieira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Valdilene S. Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Juliane S. Farias
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Regina S. Aires
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Silvania T. Paz
- Department of Pathology Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Humberto Muzi‐Filho
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine/REGENERA Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ana D. Paixão
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Adalberto Vieyra
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine/REGENERA Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Graduate Program in Translational Biomedicine/BIOTRANS Grande Rio University Duque de Caxias Brazil
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Santos-Rocha J, Lima-Leal GA, Moreira HS, Ramos-Alves FE, de Sá FG, Duarte GP, Xavier FE. Maternal high-sodium intake affects the offspring' vascular renin-angiotensin system promoting endothelial dysfunction in rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 115:33-45. [PMID: 30790705 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal sodium overload induces endothelial dysfunction in adult offspring, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully known. The involvement of tissue renin-angiotensin system on high sodium-programmed endothelial dysfunction was examined. Acetylcholine and angiotensin I and II responses were analyzed in aorta and mesenteric resistance arteries from 24-week-old male offspring of normal-salt (O-NS, 1.3% NaCl) and high-salt (O-HS, 8% NaCl) fed dams. COX-2 expression, O2- production and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity were determined. A separated O-HS was treated with losartan (15 mg kg-1/day) for eight weeks. Compared to O-NS, O-HS were normotensive. Acetylcholine-induced relaxation was impaired in O-HS arteries, which was improved by tempol, apocynin or indomethacin. The angiotensin I-induced contraction was greater in O-HS arteries, whereas the angiotensin II responses were unchanged. ACE activity, O2- production and COX-2 expression were increased in O-HS arteries. In this group, the increased O2- production was inhibited by apocynin or losartan. Chronic losartan decreased COX-2 expression and restored the endothelium-dependent vasodilation in O-HS. Our findings reiterate that perinatal sodium overload programs endothelial dysfunction in adult offspring through a blood pressure-independent mechanism. Our results also suggest that vascular angiotensin II is the main mediator of high sodium-programmed endothelial dysfunction, promoting COX-2 expression and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Santos-Rocha
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Geórgia A Lima-Leal
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Hicla S Moreira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fernanda E Ramos-Alves
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Francine G de Sá
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gloria P Duarte
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fabiano E Xavier
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
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Vieira LD, Farias JS, de Queiroz DB, Cabral EV, Lima-Filho MM, Sant'Helena BR, Aires RS, Ribeiro VS, Santos-Rocha J, Xavier FE, Paixão AD. Oxidative stress induced by prenatal LPS leads to endothelial dysfunction and renal haemodynamic changes through angiotensin II/NADPH oxidase pathway: Prevention by early treatment with α-tocopherol. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3577-3587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yu M, Chen L, Peng Z, Wang D, Song Y, Wang H, Yao P, Yan H, Nüssler AK, Liu L, Yang W. Embryotoxicity Caused by DON-Induced Oxidative Stress Mediated by Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9060188. [PMID: 28598396 PMCID: PMC5488038 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9060188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) belongs to the type B group of trichothecenes family, which is composed of sesquiterpenoid metabolites produced by Fusarium and other fungi in grain. DON may cause various toxicities, such as cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity as well as teratogenicity and carcinogenicity. In the present study, we focus on a hypothesis that DON alters the expressions of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by inducing embryotoxicity in C57BL/6 mouse (5.0, 2.5, 1.0, and 0 mg/kg/day) and BeWo cell lines (0 and 50 nM; 3 h, 12 h and 24 h). Our results indicate that DON treatment in mice during pregnancy leads to ROS accumulation in the placenta, which results in embryotoxicity. At the same time Nrf2/HO-1 pathway is up-regulated by ROS to protect placenta cells from oxidative damage. In DON-treated BeWo cells, the level of ROS has time–effect and dose–effect relationships with HO-1 expression. Moderate increase in HO-1 protects the cell from oxidative damage, while excessive increase in HO-1 aggravates the oxidative damage, which is called in some studies the “threshold effect”. Therefore, oxidative stress may be the critical molecular mechanism for DON-induced embryotoxicity. Besides, Nrf2/HO-1 pathway accompanied by the “threshold effect” also plays an important role against DON-induced oxidative damage in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yadong Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Hanying Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Hong Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma center, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Ribeiro NE, Cabral EV, Aires RS, Vieira-Filho LD, Ribeiro VS, Gonçalves DRM, Borges LPNC, Melo IMF, Ferreira CGM, Wanderley-Teixeira V, Teixeira ÁAC, Soares AF, Paixão AD. Maternal Na+intake induces renal function injury in rats prevented by a short-term angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:275-284. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Ribeiro
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Edjair V Cabral
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Regina S Aires
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Leucio D Vieira-Filho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Valdilene S Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Daianna RM Gonçalves
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Luis PNC Borges
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Ismaela MF Melo
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Cintia GM Ferreira
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Valeria Wanderley-Teixeira
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Álvaro AC Teixeira
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Anísio F Soares
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Ana D Paixão
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
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Seravalli P, de Oliveira IB, Zago BC, de Castro I, Veras MM, Alves-Rodrigues EN, Heimann JC. High and Low Salt Intake during Pregnancy: Impact on Cardiac and Renal Structure in Newborns. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161598. [PMID: 27560182 PMCID: PMC4999234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that dietary salt overload and salt restriction during pregnancy were associated with cardiac and renal structural and/or functional alterations in adult offspring. The present study evaluated renal and cardiac structure and the local renin-angiotensin system in newborns from dams fed high-, normal- or low-salt diets during pregnancy. METHODS Female Wistar rats were fed low- (LS, 0.15% NaCl), normal- (NS, 1.3% NaCl) or high- (HS, 8% NaCl) salt diets during pregnancy. Kidneys and hearts were collected from newborns (n = 6-8/group) during the first 24 hours after birth to evaluate possible changes in structure using stereology. Protein expression of renin-angiotensin system components was evaluated using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS No differences between groups were observed in total renal volume, volume of renal compartments or number of glomeruli. The transverse diameter of the nuclei of cardiomyocytes was greater in HS than NS males in the left and right ventricles. Protein expression of the AT1 receptor was lower in the kidneys of the LS than in those of the NS and HS males but not females. Protein expression of the AT2 receptor was lower in the kidneys of the LS males and females than in those of the NS males and females. CONCLUSION High salt intake during pregnancy induced left and right ventricular hypertrophy in male newborns. Salt restriction during pregnancy reduced the expression of renal angiotensin II receptors in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Seravalli
- Department of Internal Medicine of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivone Braga de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Breno Calazans Zago
- Department of Internal Medicine of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isac de Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Matera Veras
- Department of Internal Medicine of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Joel C. Heimann
- Department of Internal Medicine of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Perinatal programming of renal function reflects the epigenetic alteration of genetically determined development by environmental factors. These include intrauterine malnutrition, pre and postnatal overnutrition, glucocorticoids, and certain toxins such as smoking. This review aims to summarize the most important findings. RECENT FINDINGS Human studies may show an increased susceptibility toward the general prevalence of renal failure in already small for gestational age children and adolescents. In particular, glomerular diseases present with a more severe clinical course. Partially related, partially independently, arterial hypertension is found in this at-risk group. The findings can mostly be confirmed in animal models. Both intrauterine nutrient deprived and overfed rodents show a tendency toward developing glomerulosclerosis and other renal disorders. Animal studies attempt to imitate clinical conditions, however, there are difficulties in transferring the findings to the human setting. The reduction of nephron number, especially in intrauterine growth-restricted humans and animals, is one mechanism of perinatal programming in the kidneys. In addition, vascular and endocrine alterations are prevalent. The molecular changes behind these mechanisms include epigenetic changes such as DNA-methylation, microRNAs, and histone modifications. SUMMARY Future research will have to establish clinical studies with clear and well defined inclusion criteria which also reflect prenatal life. The use of transgenic animal models might help to obtain a deeper insight into the underlying mechanisms.
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Silva PA, Monnerat-Cahli G, Pereira-Acácio A, Luzardo R, Sampaio LS, Luna-Leite MA, Lara LS, Einicker-Lamas M, Panizzutti R, Madeira C, Vieira-Filho LD, Castro-Chaves C, Ribeiro VS, Paixão ADO, Medei E, Vieyra A. Mechanisms involving Ang II and MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways underlie cardiac and renal alterations during chronic undernutrition. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100410. [PMID: 24983243 PMCID: PMC4077653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have correlated protein restriction associated with other nutritional deficiencies with the development of cardiovascular and renal diseases. The driving hypothesis for this study was that Ang II signaling pathways in the heart and kidney are affected by chronic protein, mineral and vitamin restriction. Methodology/Principal Findings Wistar rats aged 90 days were fed from weaning with either a control or a deficient diet that mimics those used in impoverished regions worldwide. Such restriction simultaneously increased ouabain-insensitive Na+-ATPase and decreased (Na++K+)ATPase activity in the same proportion in cardiomyocytes and proximal tubule cells. Type 1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1R) was downregulated by that restriction in both organs, whereas AT2R decreased only in the kidney. The PKC/PKA ratio increased in both tissues and returned to normal values in rats receiving Losartan daily from weaning. Inhibition of the MAPK pathway restored Na+-ATPase activity in both organs. The undernourished rats presented expanded plasma volume, increased heart rate, cardiac hypertrophy, and elevated systolic pressure, which also returned to control levels with Losartan. Such restriction led to electrical cardiac remodeling represented by prolonged ventricular repolarization parameters, induced triggered activity, early after-depolarization and delayed after-depolarization, which were also prevented by Losartan. Conclusion/Significance The mechanisms responsible for these alterations are underpinned by an imbalance in the PKC- and PKA-mediated pathways, with participation of angiotensin receptors and by activation of the MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway. These cellular and molecular alterations culminate in cardiac electric remodeling and in the onset of hypertension in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A. Silva
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Monnerat-Cahli
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amaury Pereira-Acácio
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luzardo
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luzia S. Sampaio
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia A. Luna-Leite
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucienne S. Lara
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Einicker-Lamas
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rogério Panizzutti
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Madeira
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leucio D. Vieira-Filho
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Carmen Castro-Chaves
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Valdilene S. Ribeiro
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ana D. O. Paixão
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Emiliano Medei
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Vieyra
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Fetale und perinatale Programmierung der Nierenfunktion. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-013-0593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vascular Response to Graded Angiotensin II Infusion in Offspring Subjected to High-Salt Drinking Water during Pregnancy: The Effect of Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Urine Output, Endothelial Permeability, and Gender. Int J Vasc Med 2014; 2014:876527. [PMID: 24860669 PMCID: PMC4016930 DOI: 10.1155/2014/876527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Rennin-angiotensin system and salt diet play important roles in blood pressure control. We hypothesized that the high-salt intake during pregnancy influences the degree of angiotensin-dependent control of the blood pressure in adult offspring. Methods. Female Wistar rats in two groups (A and B) were subjected to drink tap and salt water, respectively, during pregnancy. The offspring were divided into four groups as male and female offspring from group A (groups 1 and 2) and from group B (groups 3 and 4). In anesthetized matured offspring mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate and urine output were measured in response to angiotensin II (AngII) (0-1000 ng/kg/min, iv) infusion. Results. An increase in MAP was detected in mothers with salt drinking water (P < 0.05). The body weight increased and kidney weight decreased significantly in male offspring from group 3 in comparison to group 1 (P < 0.05). MAP and urine volume in response to AngII infusion increased in group 3 (P < 0.05). These findings were not observed in female rats. Conclusion. Salt overloading during pregnancy had long-term effects on kidney weight and increased sex-dependent response to AngII infusion in offspring (adult) that may reveal the important role of diet during pregnancy in AngII receptors.
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Renal molecular mechanisms underlying altered Na+ handling and genesis of hypertension during adulthood in prenatally undernourished rats. Br J Nutr 2014; 111:1932-44. [PMID: 24661554 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513004236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the development of hypertension in prenatally undernourished adult rats, including the mechanisms that culminate in dysfunctions of molecular signalling in the kidney. Dams were fed a low-protein multideficient diet throughout gestation with or without α-tocopherol during lactation. The time course of hypertension development followed in male offspring was correlated with alterations in proximal tubule Na+-ATPase activity, expression of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptors, and activity of protein kinases C and A. After the establishment of hypertension, Ang II levels, cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) and NADPH oxidase subunit expression, lipid peroxidation and macrophage infiltration were examined in renal tissue. Lipid peroxidation in undernourished rats, which was very intense at 60 d, decreased at 90 d and returned to control values by 150 d. During the prehypertensive phase, prenatally undernourished rats exhibited elevated renal Na+-ATPase activity, type 2 Ang II receptor down-regulation and altered protein kinase A:protein kinase C ratio. Stable late hypertension coexisted with highly elevated levels of Ang II-positive cells in the cortical tubulointerstitium, enhanced increase in the expression of p47phox (NADPH oxidase regulatory subunit), marked down-regulation of COX-2 expression, expanded plasma volume and decreased creatinine clearance. These alterations were reduced when the dams were given α-tocopherol during lactation. The offspring of well-nourished dams treated with α-tocopherol exhibited most of the alterations encountered in the offspring of undernourished dams not treated with α-tocopherol. Thus, alterations in proximal tubule Na+ transport, subcellular signalling pathways and reactive oxygen species handling in renal tissue underpin the development of hypertension.
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Shin JA, Ahn YM, Lee HA, Park H, Kim YJ, Lee HY. Effect of maternal excessive sodium intake on postnatal brain development in rat offspring. Nutr Neurosci 2014; 18:118-24. [PMID: 24621066 DOI: 10.1179/1476830513y.0000000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postnatal brain development is affected by the in utero environment. Modern people usually have a high sodium intake. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium hyperingestion during pregnancy on the postnatal brain development of rat offspring. METHODS The sodium-overloaded rats received 1.8% NaCl in their drinking water for 7 days during the last week of gestation. Their body weight, urine, and blood levels of sodium and other parameters were measured. Some rats were sacrificed at pregnancy day 22 and the weight and length of the placenta and foetus were measured. The cerebral cortex and hippocampus were obtained from their offspring at postnatal day 1 and at postnatal weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8. Western blot analyses were conducted with brain tissue lysates. RESULTS The sodium-overloaded animals had decreased weight gain in the last week of gestation as well as decreased food intake, increased water intake, urine volume, urine sodium, and serum sodium. There were no differences in placental weight and length. The foetuses of sodium-overloaded rats showed decreased body weight and size, and this difference was maintained postnatally for 2 weeks. In the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the offspring, the protein levels of myelin basic protein, calmodulin/calcium-dependent protein kinase II, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were decreased or aberrantly expressed. DISCUSSION The present data suggest that increased sodium intake during pregnancy affects the brain development of the offspring.
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Paixão AD, Alexander BT. How the kidney is impacted by the perinatal maternal environment to develop hypertension. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:144. [PMID: 24227755 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.111823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental conditions during perinatal development such as maternal undernutrition, maternal glucocorticoids, placental insufficiency, and maternal sodium overload can program changes in renal Na(+) excretion leading to hypertension. Experimental studies indicate that fetal exposure to an adverse maternal environment may reduce glomerular filtration rate by decreasing the surface area of the glomerular capillaries. Moreover, fetal responses to environmental insults during early life that contribute to the development of hypertension may include increased expression of tubular apical or basolateral membrane Na(+) transporters and increased production of renal superoxide leading to enhanced Na(+) reabsorption. This review will address the role of these potential renal mechanisms in the fetal programming of hypertension in experimental models induced by maternal undernutrition, fetal exposure to glucocorticoids, placental insufficiency, and maternal sodium overload in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana D Paixão
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Gray C, Al-Dujaili EA, Sparrow AJ, Gardiner SM, Craigon J, Welham SJ, Gardner DS. Excess maternal salt intake produces sex-specific hypertension in offspring: putative roles for kidney and gastrointestinal sodium handling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72682. [PMID: 23991143 PMCID: PMC3749995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is common and contributes, via cardiovascular disease, towards a large proportion of adult deaths in the Western World. High salt intake leads to high blood pressure, even when occurring prior to birth – a mechanism purported to reside in altered kidney development and later function. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches we tested whether increased maternal salt intake influences fetal kidney development to render the adult individual more susceptible to salt retention and hypertension. We found that salt-loaded pregnant rat dams were hypernatraemic at day 20 gestation (147±5 vs. 128±5 mmoles/L). Increased extracellular salt impeded murine kidney development in vitro, but had little effect in vivo. Kidneys of the adult offspring had few structural or functional abnormalities, but male and female offspring were hypernatraemic (166±4 vs. 149±2 mmoles/L), with a marked increase in plasma corticosterone (e.g. male offspring; 11.9 [9.3–14.8] vs. 2.8 [2.0–8.3] nmol/L median [IQR]). Furthermore, adult male, but not female, offspring had higher mean arterial blood pressure (effect size, +16 [9–21] mm Hg; mean [95% C.I.]. With no clear indication that the kidneys of salt-exposed offspring retained more sodium per se, we conducted a preliminary investigation of their gastrointestinal electrolyte handling and found increased expression of proximal colon solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3 (SLC9A3) together with altered faecal characteristics and electrolyte handling, relative to control offspring. On the basis of these data we suggest that excess salt exposure, via maternal diet, at a vulnerable period of brain and gut development in the rat neonate lays the foundation for sustained increases in blood pressure later in life. Hence, our evidence further supports the argument that excess dietary salt should be avoided per se, particularly in the range of foods consumed by physiologically immature young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint Gray
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (CG); (SW); (DG)
| | | | | | - Sheila M. Gardiner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Craigon
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J.M. Welham
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (CG); (SW); (DG)
| | - David S. Gardner
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (CG); (SW); (DG)
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Cabral EV, Vieira-Filho LD, Silva PA, Nascimento WS, Aires RS, Oliveira FST, Luzardo R, Vieyra A, Paixão ADO. Perinatal Na+ overload programs raised renal proximal Na+ transport and enalapril-sensitive alterations of Ang II signaling pathways during adulthood. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43791. [PMID: 22928034 PMCID: PMC3425503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High Na(+) intake is a reality in nowadays and is frequently accompanied by renal and cardiovascular alterations. In this study, renal mechanisms underlying perinatal Na(+) overload-programmed alterations in Na(+) transporters and the renin/angiotensin system (RAS) were investigated, together with effects of short-term treatment with enalapril in terms of reprogramming molecular alterations in kidney. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Male adult Wistar rats were obtained from dams maintained throughout pregnancy and lactation on a standard diet and drinking water (control) or 0.17 M NaCl (saline group). Enalapril (100 mg/l), an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, was administered for three weeks after weaning. Ninety day old offspring from dams that drank saline presented with proximal tubules exhibiting increased (Na(+)+K(+))ATPase expression and activity. Ouabain-insensitive Na(+)-ATPase activity remained unchanged but its response to angiotensin II (Ang II) was lost. PKC, PKA, renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), macrophage infiltration and collagen deposition markedly increased, and AT(2) receptor expression decreased while AT(1) expression was unaltered. Early treatment with enalapril reduced expression and activity of (Na(+)+K(+))ATPase, partially recovered the response of Na(+)-ATPase to Ang II, and reduced PKC and PKA activities independently of whether offspring were exposed to high perinatal Na(+) or not. In addition, treatment with enalapril per se reduced AT(2) receptor expression, and increased TBARS, macrophage infiltration and collagen deposition. The perinatally Na(+)-overloaded offspring presented high numbers of Ang II-positive cortical cells, and significantly lower circulating Ang I, indicating that programming/reprogramming impacted systemic and local RAS. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Maternal Na(+) overload programmed alterations in renal Na(+) transporters and in its regulation, as well as severe structural lesions in adult offspring. Enalapril was beneficial predominantly through its influence on Na(+) pumping activities in adult offspring. However, side effects including down-regulation of PKA, PKC and AT(2) receptors and increased TBARS could impair renal function in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edjair V. Cabral
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leucio D. Vieira-Filho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo A. Silva
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Williams S. Nascimento
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Regina S. Aires
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fabiana S. T. Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luzardo
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Vieyra
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana D. O. Paixão
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Renal Development and Blood Pressure in Offspring from Dams Submitted to High-Sodium Intake during Pregnancy and Lactation. Int J Nephrol 2012; 2012:919128. [PMID: 22830019 PMCID: PMC3398627 DOI: 10.1155/2012/919128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to an adverse environment in utero appears to programme physiology and metabolism permanently, with long-term consequences for health of the fetus or offspring. It was observed that the offspring from dams submitted to high-sodium intake during pregnancy present disturbances in renal development and in blood pressure. These alterations were associated with lower plasma levels of angiotensin II (AII) and changes in renal AII receptor I (AT1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expressions during post natal kidney development. Clinical and experimental evidence show that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) participates in renal development. Many effects of AII are mediated through MAPK pathways. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) play a pivotal role in cellular proliferation and differentiation. In conclusion, high-sodium intake during pregnancy and lactation can provoke disturbances in renal development in offspring leading to functional and structural alterations that persist in adult life. These changes can be related at least in part with the decrease in RAS activity considering that this system has an important role in renal development.
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Dötsch J, Plank C, Amann K. Fetal programming of renal function. Pediatr Nephrol 2012; 27:513-20. [PMID: 21298502 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-011-1781-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Results from large epidemiological studies suggest a clear relation between low birth weight and adverse renal outcome evident as early as during childhood. Such adverse outcomes may include glomerular disease, hypertension, and renal failure and contribute to a phenomenon called fetal programming. Other factors potentially leading to an adverse renal outcome following fetal programming are maternal diabetes mellitus, smoking, salt overload, and use of glucocorticoids during pregnancy. However, clinical data on the latter are scarce. Here, we discuss potential underlying mechanisms of fetal programming, including reduced nephron number via diminished nephrogenesis and other renal (e.g., via the intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) and non-renal (e.g., changes in endothelial function) alterations. It appears likely that the outcomes of fetal programming may be influenced or modified postnatally, for example, by the amount of nutrients given at critical times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
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Koleganova N, Piecha G, Ritz E, Becker LE, Müller A, Weckbach M, Nyengaard JR, Schirmacher P, Gross-Weissmann ML. Both high and low maternal salt intake in pregnancy alter kidney development in the offspring. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 301:F344-54. [PMID: 21593188 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00626.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, low glomerular numbers are related to hypertension, cardiovascular, and renal disease in adult life. The present study was designed 1) to explore whether above- or below-normal dietary salt intake during pregnancy influences nephron number and blood pressure in the offspring and 2) to identify potential mechanisms in kidney development modified by maternal sodium intake. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed low (0.07%)-, intermediate (0.51%)-, or high (3.0%)-sodium diets during pregnancy and lactation. The offspring were weaned at 4 wk and subsequently kept on a 0.51% sodium diet. The kidney structure was assessed at postnatal weeks 1 and 12 and the expression of proteins of interest at term and at week 1. Blood pressure was measured in male offspring by telemetry from postnatal month 2 to postnatal month 9. The numbers of glomeruli at weeks 1 and 12 were significantly lower and, in males, telemetrically measured mean arterial blood pressure after month 5 was higher in offspring of dams on a high- or low- compared with intermediate-sodium diet. A high-salt diet was paralleled by higher concentrations of marinobufagenin in the amniotic fluid and an increase in the expression of both sprouty-1 and glial cell-derived neutrophic factor in the offspring's kidney. The expression of FGF-10 was lower in offspring of dams on a low-sodium diet, and the expression of Pax-2 and FGF-2 was lower in offspring of dams on a high-sodium diet. Both excessively high and excessively low sodium intakes during pregnancy modify protein expression in offspring kidneys and reduce the final number of glomeruli, predisposing the risk of hypertension later in life.
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