1
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Robles-Osorio ML, Sabath E. Tight junction disruption and the pathogenesis of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus: A narrative review. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1013-1026. [PMID: 37547580 PMCID: PMC10401447 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i7.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The chronic complications of diabetes mellitus constitute a major public health problem. For example, diabetic eye diseases are the most important cause of blindness, and diabetic nephropathy is the most frequent cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of these chronic complications are still poorly understood, preventing the development of effective treatment strategies. Tight junctions (TJs) are epithelial intercellular junctions located at the most apical region of cell-cell contacts, and their main function is to restrict the passage of molecules through the paracellular space. The TJs consist of over 40 proteins, and the most important are occludin, claudins and the zonula occludens. Accumulating evidence suggests that TJ disruption in different organs, such as the brain, nerves, retina and kidneys, plays a fundamental pathophysiological role in the development of chronic complications. Increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the blood-retinal barrier has been demonstrated in diabetic neuropathy, brain injury and diabetic retinopathy. The consequences of TJ disruption on kidney function or progression of kidney disease are currently unknown. In the present review, we highlighted the molecular events that lead to barrier dysfunction in diabetes. Further investigation of the mechanisms underlying TJ disruption is expected to provide new insights into therapeutic approaches to ameliorate the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernesto Sabath
- Renal and Metabolism Unit, Hospital General de Querétaro, Queretaro 76180, Mexico
- Department of Nutrition, Universidad Autónoma de Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
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2
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Tian X, Bunda P, Ishibe S. Podocyte Endocytosis in Regulating the Glomerular Filtration Barrier. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:801837. [PMID: 35223901 PMCID: PMC8866310 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.801837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is a mechanism that internalizes and recycles plasma membrane components and transmembrane receptors via vesicle formation, which is mediated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent signaling pathways. Podocytes are specialized, terminally differentiated epithelial cells in the kidney, located on the outermost layer of the glomerulus. These cells play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier in conjunction with the adjacent basement membrane and endothelial cell layers within the glomerulus. An intact podocyte endocytic machinery appears to be necessary for maintaining podocyte function. De novo pathologic human genetic mutations and loss-of-function studies of critical podocyte endocytosis genes in genetically engineered mouse models suggest that this pathway contributes to the pathophysiology of development and progression of proteinuria in chronic kidney disease. Here, we review the mechanism of cellular endocytosis and its regulation in podocyte injury in the context of glomerular diseases. A thorough understanding of podocyte endocytosis may shed novel insights into its biological function in maintaining a functioning filter and offer potential targeted therapeutic strategies for proteinuric glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Patricia Bunda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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3
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Bgatova N, Taskaeva I. Ultrastructure of the kidney filtration barrier in conditions of distant tumor growth and lithium treatment. Ultrastruct Pathol 2020; 44:412-421. [DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2020.1850962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Bgatova
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Research, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Iuliia Taskaeva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Research, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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4
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La TM, Tachibana H, Li SA, Abe T, Seiriki S, Nagaoka H, Takashima E, Takeda T, Ogawa D, Makino SI, Asanuma K, Watanabe M, Tian X, Ishibe S, Sakane A, Sasaki T, Wada J, Takei K, Yamada H. Dynamin 1 is important for microtubule organization and stabilization in glomerular podocytes. FASEB J 2020; 34:16449-16463. [PMID: 33070431 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001240rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin 1 is a neuronal endocytic protein that participates in vesicle formation by scission of invaginated membranes. Dynamin 1 is also expressed in the kidney; however, its physiological significance to this organ remains unknown. Here, we show that dynamin 1 is crucial for microtubule organization and stabilization in glomerular podocytes. By immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, dynamin 1 was concentrated at microtubules at primary processes in rat podocytes. By immunofluorescence of differentiated mouse podocytes (MPCs), dynamin 1 was often colocalized with microtubule bundles, which radially arranged toward periphery of expanded podocyte. In dynamin 1-depleted MPCs by RNAi, α-tubulin showed a dispersed linear filament-like localization, and microtubule bundles were rarely observed. Furthermore, dynamin 1 depletion resulted in the formation of discontinuous, short acetylated α-tubulin fragments, and the decrease of microtubule-rich protrusions. Dynamins 1 and 2 double-knockout podocytes showed dispersed acetylated α-tubulin and rare protrusions. In vitro, dynamin 1 polymerized around microtubules and cross-linked them into bundles, and increased their resistance to the disassembly-inducing reagents Ca2+ and podophyllotoxin. In addition, overexpression and depletion of dynamin 1 in MPCs increased and decreased the nocodazole resistance of microtubules, respectively. These results suggest that dynamin 1 supports the microtubule bundle formation and participates in the stabilization of microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- The Mon La
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tachibana
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shun-Ai Li
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Abe
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sayaka Seiriki
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hikaru Nagaoka
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Eizo Takashima
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takeda
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogawa
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Makino
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Asanuma
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ayuko Sakane
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Interdisciplinary Researches for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kohji Takei
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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5
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Espiritu EB, Jiang H, Moreau-Marquis S, Sullivan M, Yan K, Beer Stolz D, Sampson MG, Hukriede NA, Swiatecka-Urban A. The human nephrin Y 1139RSL motif is essential for podocyte foot process organization and slit diaphragm formation during glomerular development. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10773-10788. [PMID: 31152064 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrin is an immunoglobulin-type cell-adhesion molecule with a key role in the glomerular interpodocyte slit diaphragm. Mutations in the nephrin gene are associated with defects in the slit diaphragm, leading to early-onset nephrotic syndrome, typically resistant to treatment. Although the endocytic trafficking of nephrin is essential for the assembly of the slit diaphragm, nephrin's specific endocytic motifs remain unknown. To search for endocytic motifs, here we performed a multisequence alignment of nephrin and identified a canonical YXXØ-type motif, Y1139RSL, in the nephrin cytoplasmic tail, expressed only in primates. Using site-directed mutagenesis, various biochemical methods, single-plane illumination microscopy, a human podocyte line, and a human nephrin-expressing zebrafish model, we found that Y1139RSL is a novel endocytic motif and a structural element for clathrin-mediated nephrin endocytosis that functions as a phosphorylation-sensitive signal. We observed that Y1139RSL motif-mediated endocytosis helps to localize nephrin to specialized plasma membrane domains in podocytes and is essential for normal foot process organization into a functional slit diaphragm between neighboring foot processes in zebrafish. The importance of nephrin Y1139RSL for healthy podocyte development was supported by population-level analyses of genetic variations at this motif, revealing that such variations are very rare, suggesting that mutations in this motif have autosomal-recessive negative effects on kidney health. These findings expand our understanding of the mechanism underlying nephrin endocytosis and may lead to improved diagnostic tools or therapeutic strategies for managing early-onset, treatment-resistant nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenel B Espiritu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201
| | - Huajun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Sophie Moreau-Marquis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Mara Sullivan
- Department of Nephrology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201
| | - Kunimasa Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan, and
| | - Donna Beer Stolz
- Department of Nephrology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201
| | - Matthew G Sampson
- Department of Pediatrics-Nephrology University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Neil A Hukriede
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201
| | - Agnieszka Swiatecka-Urban
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224,.
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6
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Jewett CE, Prekeris R. Insane in the apical membrane: Trafficking events mediating apicobasal epithelial polarity during tube morphogenesis. Traffic 2018; 19:10.1111/tra.12579. [PMID: 29766620 PMCID: PMC6239989 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The creation of cellular tubes is one of the most vital developmental processes, resulting in the formation of most organ types. Cells have co-opted a number of different mechanisms for tube morphogenesis that vary among tissues and organisms; however, generation and maintenance of cell polarity is fundamental for successful lumenogenesis. Polarized membrane transport has emerged as a key driver not only for establishing individual epithelial cell polarity, but also for coordination of epithelial polarization during apical lumen formation and tissue morphogenesis. In recent years, much work has been dedicated to identifying membrane trafficking regulators required for lumenogenesis. In this review we will summarize the findings from the past couple of decades in defining the molecular machinery governing lumenogenesis both in 3D tissue culture models and during organ development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayla E. Jewett
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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7
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Schroeter CB, Koehler S, Kann M, Schermer B, Benzing T, Brinkkoetter PT, Rinschen MM. Protein half-life determines expression of proteostatic networks in podocyte differentiation. FASEB J 2018; 32:4696-4713. [PMID: 29694247 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701307r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are highly specialized, epithelial, postmitotic cells, which maintain the renal filtration barrier. When adapting to considerable metabolic and mechanical stress, podocytes need to accurately maintain their proteome. Immortalized podocyte cell lines are a widely used model for studying podocyte biology in health and disease in vitro. In this study, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the cultured human podocyte proteome in both proliferative and differentiated conditions at a depth of >7000 proteins. Similar to mouse podocytes, human podocyte differentiation involved a shift in proteostasis: undifferentiated podocytes have high expression of proteasomal proteins, whereas differentiated podocytes have high expression of lysosomal proteins. Additional analyses with pulsed stable-isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture and protein degradation assays determined protein dynamics and half-lives. These studies unraveled a globally increased stability of proteins in differentiated podocytes. Mitochondrial, cytoskeletal, and membrane proteins were stabilized, particularly in differentiated podocytes. Importantly, protein half-lives strongly contributed to protein abundance in each state. These data suggest that regulation of protein turnover of particular cellular functions determines podocyte differentiation, a paradigm involving mitophagy and, potentially, of importance in conditions of increased podocyte stress and damage.-Schroeter, C. B., Koehler, S., Kann, M., Schermer, B., Benzing, T., Brinkkoetter, P. T., Rinschen, M. M. Protein half-life determines expression of proteostatic networks in podocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina B Schroeter
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sybille Koehler
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Kann
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (SybaCol), Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (SybaCol), Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul T Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (SybaCol), Cologne, Germany
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8
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Martin CE, Petersen KA, Aoudjit L, Tilak M, Eremina V, Hardy WR, Quaggin SE, Takano T, Jones N. ShcA Adaptor Protein Promotes Nephrin Endocytosis and Is Upregulated in Proteinuric Nephropathies. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:92-103. [PMID: 29018139 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrin is a key structural component of the podocyte slit diaphragm, and proper expression of nephrin on the cell surface is critical to ensure integrity of the blood filtration barrier. Maintenance of nephrin within this unique cell junction has been proposed to require dynamic phosphorylation events and endocytic recycling, although the molecular mechanisms that control this interplay are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the possibility that the phosphotyrosine adaptor protein ShcA regulates nephrin turnover. Western blotting and immunostaining analysis confirmed that ShcA is expressed in podocytes. In immunoprecipitation and pulldown assays, ShcA, via its SH2 domain, was associated with several phosphorylated tyrosine residues on nephrin. Overexpression of ShcA promoted nephrin tyrosine phosphorylation and reduced nephrin signaling and cell surface expression in vitro In a rat model of reversible podocyte injury and proteinuria, phosphorylated nephrin temporally colocalized with endocytic structures coincident with upregulation of ShcA expression. In vivo biotinylation assays confirmed that nephrin expression decreased at the cell surface and correspondingly increased in the cytosol during the injury time course. Finally, immunostaining in kidney biopsy specimens demonstrated overexpression of ShcA in several human proteinuric kidney diseases compared with normal conditions. Our results suggest that increases in ShcA perturb nephrin phosphosignaling dynamics, leading to aberrant nephrin turnover and slit diaphragm disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Martin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly A Petersen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lamine Aoudjit
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manali Tilak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vera Eremina
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - W Rod Hardy
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and.,Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University of Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tomoko Takano
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nina Jones
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada;
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9
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Sorting Nexin 9 facilitates podocin endocytosis in the injured podocyte. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43921. [PMID: 28266622 PMCID: PMC5339724 DOI: 10.1038/srep43921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The irreversibility of glomerulosclerotic changes depends on the degree of podocyte injury. We have previously demonstrated the endocytic translocation of podocin to the subcellular area in severely injured podocytes and found that this process is the primary disease trigger. Here we identified the protein sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) as a novel facilitator of podocin endocytosis in a yeast two-hybrid analysis. SNX9 is involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, actin rearrangement and vesicle transport regulation. Our results revealed and confirmed that SNX9 interacts with podocin exclusively through the Bin–Amphiphysin–Rvs (BAR) domain of SNX9. Immunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of SNX9 in response to podocyte adriamycin-induced injury both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, an analysis of human glomerular disease biopsy samples demonstrated strong SNX9 expression and co-localization with podocin in samples representative of severe podocyte injury, such as IgA nephropathy with poor prognosis, membranous nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. In conclusion, we identified SNX9 as a facilitator of podocin endocytosis in severe podocyte injury and demonstrated the expression of SNX9 in the podocytes of both nephropathy model mice and human patients with irreversible glomerular disease.
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10
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Fu Y, Zhu JY, Zhang F, Richman A, Zhao Z, Han Z. Comprehensive functional analysis of Rab GTPases in Drosophila nephrocytes. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:615-627. [PMID: 28180992 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila nephrocyte is a critical component of the fly renal system and bears structural and functional homology to podocytes and proximal tubule cells of the mammalian kidney. Investigations of nephrocyte cell biological processes are fundamental to understanding the insect renal system. Nephrocytes are highly active in endocytosis and vesicle trafficking. Rab GTPases regulate endocytosis and trafficking but specific functions of nephrocyte Rabs remain undefined. We analyzed Rab GTPase expression and function in Drosophila nephrocytes and found that 11 out of 27 Drosophila Rabs were required for normal activity. Rabs 1, 5, 7, 11 and 35 were most important. Gene silencing of the nephrocyte-specific Rab5 eliminated all intracellular vesicles and the specialized plasma membrane structures essential for nephrocyte function. Rab7 silencing dramatically increased clear vacuoles and reduced lysosomes. Rab11 silencing increased lysosomes and reduced clear vacuoles. Our results suggest that Rab5 mediates endocytosis that is essential for the maintenance of functionally critical nephrocyte plasma membrane structures and that Rabs 7 and 11 mediate alternative downstream vesicle trafficking pathways leading to protein degradation and membrane recycling, respectively. Elucidating molecular pathways underlying nephrocyte function has the potential to yield important insights into human kidney cell physiology and mechanisms of cell injury that lead to disease. The Drosophila nephrocyte is emerging as a useful in vivo model system for molecular target identification and initial testing of therapeutic approaches in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Fu
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Jun-Yi Zhu
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Fujian Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Adam Richman
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Han
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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11
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Swiatecka-Urban A. Endocytic Trafficking at the Mature Podocyte Slit Diaphragm. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:32. [PMID: 28286744 PMCID: PMC5324021 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytic trafficking couples cell signaling with the cytoskeletal dynamics by organizing a crosstalk between protein networks in different subcellular compartments. Proteins residing in the plasma membrane are internalized and transported as cargo in endocytic vesicles (i.e., endocytosis). Subsequently, cargo proteins can be delivered to lysosomes for degradation or recycled back to the plasma membrane. The slit diaphragm is a modified tight junction connecting foot processes of the glomerular epithelial cells, podocytes. Signaling at the slit diaphragm plays a critical role in the kidney while its dysfunction leads to glomerular protein loss (proteinuria), manifesting as nephrotic syndrome, a rare condition with an estimated incidence of 2-4 new cases per 100,000 each year. Relatively little is known about the role of endocytic trafficking in podocyte signaling and maintenance of the slit diaphragm integrity. This review will focus on the role of endocytic trafficking at the mature podocyte slit diaphragm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Swiatecka-Urban
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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12
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Trimarchi H, Canzonieri R, Schiel A, Costales-Collaguazo C, Politei J, Stern A, Paulero M, Rengel T, Andrews J, Forrester M, Lombi M, Pomeranz V, Iriarte R, Muryan A, Zotta E, Sanchez-Niño MD, Ortiz A. Increased urinary CD80 excretion and podocyturia in Fabry disease. J Transl Med 2016; 14:289. [PMID: 27733175 PMCID: PMC5062834 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain glomerulopathies are associated with increased levels of CD80 (B7-1). We measured the urinary excretion of CD80, podocyturia and proteinuria in controls and in subjects with Fabry disease either untreated or on enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). METHODS Cross-sectional study including 65 individuals: controls (n = 20) and Fabry patients (n = 45, 23 of them not on ERT and 22 on ERT). Variables included age, gender, urinary protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary uCD80/creatinine ratio (uCD80) and podocyturia. CD80 mRNA expression in response to lyso-Gb3, a bioactive glycolipid accumulated in Fabry disease, was studied in cultured human podocytes. RESULTS Controls and Fabry patients did not differ in age, eGFR and gender. However, UPCR, uCD80 and podocyturia were significantly higher in Fabry patients than in controls. As expected, Fabry patients not on ERT were younger and a higher percentage were females. Non-ERT Fabry patients had less advanced kidney disease than ERT Fabry patients: UPCR was lower and eGFR higher, but uCD80 and podocyturia did not differ between non-ERT or ERT Fabry patients. There was a significant correlation between uCD80 and UPCR in the whole population (r 0.44, p 0.0005) and in Fabry patients (r 0.42, p 0.0046). Lyso-Gb3 at concentrations found in the circulation of Fabry patients increased uCD80 expression in cultured podocytes. CONCLUSIONS Fabry disease is characterized by early occurrence of increased uCD80 excretion that appears to be a consequence of glycolipid accumulation. The potential for uCD80 excretion to reflect early, subclinical renal Fabry involvement should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Trimarchi
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Perdriel 74, 1280, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - R Canzonieri
- Central Laboratory, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Schiel
- Central Laboratory, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Costales-Collaguazo
- IFIBIO Houssay, CONICET, Physiopathology, Pharmacy and Biochemistry Faculty, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Politei
- Neurology Department, Laboratorio Neuroquímica Dr. Néstor Chamoles, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Stern
- Central Laboratory, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Paulero
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Perdriel 74, 1280, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - T Rengel
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Perdriel 74, 1280, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Andrews
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Perdriel 74, 1280, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Forrester
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Perdriel 74, 1280, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Lombi
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Perdriel 74, 1280, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V Pomeranz
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Perdriel 74, 1280, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Iriarte
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Perdriel 74, 1280, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Muryan
- Central Laboratory, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Zotta
- IFIBIO Houssay, CONICET, Physiopathology, Pharmacy and Biochemistry Faculty, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M D Sanchez-Niño
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, School of Medicine, UAM, Avda Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Ortiz
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, School of Medicine, UAM, Avda Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
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Zhou S, Wang P, Qiao Y, Ge Y, Wang Y, Quan S, Yao R, Zhuang S, Wang LJ, Du Y, Liu Z, Gong R. Genetic and Pharmacologic Targeting of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Reinforces the Nrf2 Antioxidant Defense against Podocytopathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:2289-308. [PMID: 26647425 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015050565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-dictated nuclear exclusion and degradation of Nrf2 is pivotal in switching off the self-protective antioxidant stress response after injury. Here, we examined the mechanisms underlying this regulation in glomerular disease. In primary podocytes, doxorubicin elicited cell death and actin cytoskeleton disorganization, concomitant with overactivation of GSK3β (the predominant GSK3 isoform expressed in glomerular podocytes) and minimal Nrf2 activation. SB216763, a highly selective small molecule inhibitor of GSK3, exerted a protective effect that depended on the potentiated Nrf2 antioxidant response, marked by increased Nrf2 expression and nuclear accumulation and augmented production of the Nrf2 target heme oxygenase-1. Ectopic expression of the kinase-dead mutant of GSK3β in cultured podocytes reinforced the doxorubicin-induced Nrf2 activation and prevented podocyte injury. Conversely, a constitutively active GSK3β mutant blunted the doxorubicin-induced Nrf2 response and exacerbated podocyte injury, which could be abolished by treatment with SB216763. In murine models of doxorubicin nephropathy or nephrotoxic serum nephritis, genetic targeting of GSK3β by doxycycline-inducible podocyte-specific knockout or pharmacologic targeting by SB216763 significantly attenuated albuminuria and ameliorated histologic signs of podocyte injury, including podocytopenia, loss of podocyte markers, podocyte de novo expression of desmin, and ultrastructural lesions of podocytopathy (such as foot process effacement). This beneficial outcome was likely attributable to an enhanced Nrf2 antioxidant response in glomerular podocytes because the selective Nrf2 antagonist trigonelline abolished the proteinuria-reducing and podocyte-protective effect. Collectively, our results suggest the GSK3β-regulated Nrf2 antioxidant response as a novel therapeutic target for protecting podocytes and treating proteinuric glomerulopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Pei Wang
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yingjin Qiao
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yan Ge
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yingzi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Songxia Quan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ricky Yao
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Li Juan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China;
| | - Rujun Gong
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
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14
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Wang Z, Bao H, Ge Y, Zhuang S, Peng A, Gong R. Pharmacological targeting of GSK3β confers protection against podocytopathy and proteinuria by desensitizing mitochondrial permeability transition. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:895-909. [PMID: 25262943 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mitochondrial dysfunction, triggered by mitochondria permeability transition (MPT), has been centrally implicated in the pathogenesis of podocytopathy and involves a multitude of cell signalling mechanisms, among which, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β has emerged as the integration point and plays a crucial role. This study aimed to examine the role of GSK3β in podocyte MPT and mitochondrial dysfunction. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The regulatory effect of GSK3β on MPT was examined in differentiated podocytes in culture and in a murine model of adriamycin-induced podocytopathy using 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione (TDZD-8), a highly selective small-molecule inhibitor of GSK3β. KEY RESULTS TDZD-8 therapy prominently ameliorated the proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis in mice with adriamycin nephropathy; this was associated with a correction of GSK3β overactivity in the glomerulus and attenuation of podocyte injuries, including foot process effacement and podocyte death. Consistently, in adriamycin-injured podocytes, TDZD-8 treatment counteracted GSK3β overactivity, improved cell viability and prevented death, concomitant with diminished oxidative stress, improved mitochondrial dysfunction and desensitized MPT. Mechanistically, a discrete pool of GSK3β was found in podocyte mitochondria, which interacted with and phosphorylated clyclophilin F, a key structural component of the MPT pore. TDZD-8 treatment prevented the GSK3β-controlled phosphorylation and activation of cyclophilin F, desensitized MPT and alleviated the damage to mitochondria in podocytes induced by adriamycin in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that pharmacological targeting of GSK3β could represent a promising and feasible therapeutic strategy for protecting podocytes against mitochondrial dysfunction induced by oxidative injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
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15
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16
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Satoh D, Hirose T, Harita Y, Daimon C, Harada T, Kurihara H, Yamashita A, Ohno S. aPKCλ maintains the integrity of the glomerular slit diaphragm through trafficking of nephrin to the cell surface. J Biochem 2014; 156:115-28. [PMID: 24700503 PMCID: PMC4112437 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvu022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The slit diaphragm (SD), the specialized intercellular junction between renal glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes), provides a selective-filtration barrier in renal glomeruli. Dysfunction of the SD results in glomerular diseases that are characterized by disappearance of SD components, such as nephrin, from the cell surface. Although the importance of endocytosis and degradation of SD components for the maintenance of SD integrity has been suggested, the dynamic nature of the turnover of intact cell-surface SD components remained unclear. Using isolated rat glomeruli we show that the turnover rates of cell-surface SD components are relatively high; they almost completely disappear from the cell surface within minutes. The exocytosis, but not endocytosis, of heterologously expressed nephrin requires the kinase activity of the cell polarity regulator atypical protein kinase C (aPKC). Consistently, we demonstrate that podocyte-specific deletion of aPKCλ resulted in a decrease of cell-surface localization of SD components, causing massive proteinuria. In conclusion, the regulation of SD turnover by aPKC is crucial for the maintenance of SD integrity and defects in aPKC signalling can lead to proteinuria. These findings not only reveal the pivotal importance of the dynamic turnover of cell-surface SD components but also suggest a novel pathophysiological basis in glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Satoh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Anatomy, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo; and Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hirose
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Anatomy, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo; and Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Harita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Anatomy, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo; and Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Anatomy, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo; and Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chikara Daimon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Anatomy, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo; and Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomonori Harada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Anatomy, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo; and Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidetake Kurihara
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Anatomy, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo; and Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Anatomy, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo; and Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigeo Ohno
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Anatomy, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo; and Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama; Department of Anatomy, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo; and Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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