1
|
Tüfekci H, Sejian V. Stress Factors and Their Effects on Productivity in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2769. [PMID: 37685033 PMCID: PMC10486368 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Products obtained from sheep have an economically important place in the world. Their adaptability to different climatic conditions, their ease of care and feeding, their high utilization of poor pasture areas with low yield and quality, the ease of flock management, their high twinning rate, and their short intergenerational period are some of the advantages of sheep production. Sheep production has the ability to adapt better to environmental stress factors, as can be understood from the presence of sheep in different geographical regions at a global level. However, the changes in environmental conditions and production cause some negative results in animals. All these negative results expose animals to various stress factors (heat, cold, transport, treatment, nutritional, shearing, weaning, etc.). All stress factors that directly and indirectly affect sheep production ultimately lead to compromised performance, decreased productivity, increased mortality, and adverse effects on the immune system. In order to cope with the current stress parameters in animals and to achieve optimum production, a holistic approach is needed according to the environmental conditions and available resources. It is important to consider the factors involved in these responses in order to manage these processes correctly and to develop adequate strategies and improve sheep welfare. This review aimed to reveal the importance of some stress factors in sheep and their effects on sheep productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Tüfekci
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Pondicherry 605009, India;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
THE CONQUENSE TRANSHUMANCE ROUTE IN SPAIN DESCRIBED BY 3D GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS, GPS AND REMOTE SENSING DATA. Small Rumin Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2023.106953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
|
3
|
‘Can They Take the Heat?’—The Egyptian Climate and Its Effects on Livestock. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151937. [PMID: 35953926 PMCID: PMC9367484 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Egypt already has conditions in summer that cause heat stress for livestock, and predicted climate changes suggest that these will be exacerbated over the course of this century. As well, extreme climatic events make the mitigation of climate change difficult but important to understand. Apart from neonates, farm animals have upper critical temperatures in the region of 25–30 °C, whereas temperatures in summer regularly exceed 40 °C for prolonged periods. The temperature and humidity data were collected half hourly to calculate Temperature Humidity Indices and demonstrate that Egyptian livestock at two centers of livestock production in the country would experience heat stress in summer for extended periods of each day. The impact of rising temperatures on livestock in Egypt was reviewed, where extensive resources to mitigate the impact are not often available. It was found that, although there are some prospects to mitigate some heat stress, by using agroforestry systems of production for example, these are unlikely to have a major impact, and reduced food security may ensue over the course of this century.
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Sensor-Based Detection of Predator Influence on Livestock: A Case Study Exploring the Impacts of Wild Dogs (Canis familiaris) on Rangeland Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030219. [PMID: 35158543 PMCID: PMC8833745 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sheep predation by wild dogs has serious production and animal welfare implications. By monitoring changes in the behaviour of sheep, on-animal sensors are an option for detecting wild dogs and alerting producers to their presence. This study identified differences in the daily distance travelled of sheep when in the presence and absence of a wild dog and highlights the potential for on-animal sensors to be used as a monitoring and management tool for wild dog detection. Abstract In Australia, wild dogs are one of the leading causes of sheep losses. A major problem with managing wild dogs in Australia’s rangeland environments is that sheep producers are often unaware of their presence until injuries or deaths are observed. One option for earlier detection of wild dogs is on-animal sensors, such as Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking collars, to detect changes in the behaviour of sheep due to the presence of wild dogs. The current study used spatio-temporal data, derived from GPS tracking collars, deployed on sheep from a single rangeland property to determine if there were differences in the behaviour of sheep when in the presence, or absence, of a wild dog. Results indicated that the presence of a wild dog influenced the daily behaviours of sheep by increasing the daily distance travelled. Differences in sheep diurnal activity were also observed during periods where a wild dog was present or absent on the property. These results highlight the potential for on-animal sensors to be used as a monitoring tool for sheep flocks directly impacted by wild dogs, although further work is needed to determine the applicability of these results to other sheep production regions of Australia.
Collapse
|
6
|
D'Oliveira MC, Vedovatto M, Cortada Neto IM, Coelho RN, Morais MDG, Gomes MDNB, Negrão JA, Franco GL. Effect of walking exercise and nutritional plan on goat performance. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
7
|
Gou X, Tsunekawa A, Tsubo M, Peng F, Sun J, Li Y, Zhao X, Lian J. Seasonal dynamics of cattle grazing behaviors on contrasting landforms of a fenced ranch in northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:141613. [PMID: 32836130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The number of livestock per unit area is commonly used as a proxy of grazing pressure in both experimental studies and grassland management. However, this practice ignores the impact of landform heterogeneity on the spatial distribution of grazing pressure, leading to localized patches of degraded grassland. The spatial distribution of actual grazing density thus needs to be examined. Owing to the corresponding changes in resource availability and energy consumption as livestock move across an elevation gradient, we predict that livestock will preferentially use low-land and that different temporal patterns of grazing pressure will occur in the contrasting landforms. GPS location data and a machine learning technique were used to identify the seasonal pattern and the factors driving grazing pressure on a fenced ranch. Over both low-land and sand-dune landforms, the proportion of time that livestock spent on foraging increased from 63% in July to 67% in August and 69% in September, and non-foraging behavior decreased correspondingly. In low-land, the log-transformed average foraging density significantly increased from 0.61 (i.e., total foraging behaviors in 5 days measured at 50-s intervals per 10 × 10 m grid) in July to 0.66 in August and 0.88 in September, whereas there was no significant change on sand-dunes. From July to September, the relative area of low-land foraged by cattle accounted for 31%, 35%, and 36%, respectively, and in sand-dunes the proportions increased from 45% to 47% to 51%. In low-land, the foraging density was negatively correlated with biomass (P = .07), total digestible nutrients (P < .05), and crude protein (P = .06) and positively correlated with acid detergent fiber (P < .05), whereas no such relationships were observed in sand-dunes. Our results indicate that topographic features should be considered when managing livestock, especially during periods with adverse conditions of herbage quality and quantity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Gou
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Tsunekawa
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Tsubo
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan.
| | - Fei Peng
- International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China.
| | - Jian Sun
- Synthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yulin Li
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China.
| | - Xueyong Zhao
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China.
| | - Jie Lian
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
EL-Shoukary RD, Nasreldin N, Osman AS, Hashem NM, Saadeldin IM, Swelum AA. Housing Management of Male Dromedaries during the Rut Season: Effects of Social Contact between Males and Movement Control on Sexual Behavior, Blood Metabolites and Hormonal Balance. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091621. [PMID: 32927818 PMCID: PMC7552277 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The effect of different housing management systems on the behavior, metabolites and hormonal balance in male dromedaries during the rutting season was evaluated. Male dromedaries that were housed in groups and allowed to walk around had significantly higher frequencies of ruminating, standing, walking and sexual-related behaviors than those housed individually or tied. Movement control had significant effects on blood serum metabolites and hormone concentrations. Fenced and exercised male dromedaries had higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of blood serum transaminases, free radicals, glucose, cholesterol and testosterone and lower (p < 0.05) concentrations of cortisol and triiodothyronine (T3) than tied male dromedaries. Animal social interaction is of particular importance for maintaining physical; psychological and sexual behaviors. Allowing walking-around exercise for captive animals improves their metabolic status and decreases captive stress effects. Housing systems that guarantee social interaction and physical activity are being the most suitable housing management systems for male dromedaries during the rutting season. Abstract The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of different housing management systems on behavior, blood metabolites and hormonal balance in male dromedaries during the rutting season. Forty-eight adult male dromedaries were stratified in a two by three factorial experiment design, testing effects of social contact (single and group) and movement control (tied, fenced and exercise). During a ten-week experimental period, male dromedaries were filmed weekly for 20 min three times per day to evaluate their behaviors. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for serum metabolites and hormones. Both animal social contact and movement control significantly affected maintenance, posture and sexual behaviors. Male dromedaries housed in groups expressed higher frequencies of sexual desire-related behaviors (teeth grinding, open legs, tail flapping, dulla “soft palate exteriorization”, blathering and urination) than those individually housed. Animal movement control significantly affected sexual behavior; fenced and exercised male dromedaries expressed higher frequencies of sexual desire-related behaviors than tied ones. Male dromedaries housed in groups and allowed to walk around had significantly higher frequencies of ruminating, standing, walking and sexual-related behaviors than those housed individually or tied. Movement control had significant effects on blood serum metabolites and hormone concentrations. Fenced and exercised male dromedaries had higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of blood serum transaminases, free radicals, glucose, cholesterol and testosterone (2.91 and 2.09 ng/mL, respectively) and lower (p < 0.05) concentrations of cortisol (44.12 and 53.52 nmol/L, respectively) and triiodothyronine (1.68 and 1.91 ng/mL, respectively) than tied male dromedaries. In conclusion, animal social interaction is of particular importance for maintaining physical, psychological and sexual behaviors. Allowing walking-around exercise for captive animals improves their metabolic status and decreases captive stress effects. Housing systems that guarantee social interaction and physical activity are the most suitable housing management systems for captive male dromedaries during the rutting season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan D. EL-Shoukary
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, New Valley University, El- Kharga 72511, Egypt;
| | - Nani Nasreldin
- Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, New Valley University, El- Kharga 72511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed S. Osman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82749, Egypt;
| | - Nesrein M. Hashem
- Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Islam M. Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ayman A. Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Makhlouf A, Titaouine M, Mohamdi H, Yakoub F. Effect of different altitude on reproductive performances and mineral assessment in Ouled Djellal ewes during the mating period. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3275-3283. [PMID: 32712807 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate reproductive performances and to reveal the influence of mineral profile on Ouled Djellal ewes reared in different sites during their mating period. Two hundred twenty-six clinically healthy and nonpregnant Ouled Djellal ewes have been used and assigned to four groups according to altitude factor (two plain regions, one tableland region, and one mountain region). In all groups, oestrus was synchronized with ram affect method, and the ewes were naturally inseminated; it was conducted during the month of May for all herds. After 5 months of gestation, reproductive parameters were calculated. Concerning the determination of plasma mineral parameters and its influence on reproduction parameters, blood samples were taken from all ewes on the day of introduction of entire rams into all herds. The analyzed variables were fertility, prolificacy, and fecundity, and their overall averages were 78%, 117%, and 92%, respectively, which are well below the averages in flocks reared in intensive mode. However, the lowest rates are recorded at mountain region (Aïn Zaatout) with 65%, 109%, and 71%, respectively. Plasma sodium and potassium were significantly lower in fecundable ewes than in non-fecundable ewes, whereas plasma calcium levels were significantly increased. The region showed in this study a significant influence on all plasma levels of major minerals during mating period. This study made it possible to describe the evolution of some mineral elements in ewes according to whether they are fecundable or not and according to the region (mountain, tableland, plain) during the mating period. This gave us useful information on the impact of plasma minerals levels on reproductive parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Makhlouf
- Genetics, Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bioressources Laboratory(GBVB), University of Biskra, PO Box 145 PR, 07000, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Titaouine
- Genetics, Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bioressources Laboratory(GBVB), University of Biskra, PO Box 145 PR, 07000, Biskra, Algeria.
| | - Hanane Mohamdi
- Directorate of Agricultural Services in Biskra Governorate, Amir Abdelkader Street, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Fadjria Yakoub
- Genetics, Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bioressources Laboratory(GBVB), University of Biskra, PO Box 145 PR, 07000, Biskra, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sahu S, Mishra SR, Kundu AK. Impact of thermal stress on expression dynamics of HSP60 in cardiac fibroblast cells of goat. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 32:327-333. [PMID: 31779521 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1696353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to determine the impact of thermal stress on expression dynamics of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) mRNA in cultured cardiac fibroblast cells of the goat. The heart tissues (n = 6) from different goats were used for the culture study. The cardiac fibroblast cells were cultured and subjected to thermal stress at 42 °C for 0, 20, 60 and 100 min. The relative abundance of HSP60 mRNA was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The cardiac cells exposed to thermal stress at 42 °C for 0 min was taken as control. The relative abundance of HSP60 mRNA did not change at 20 min of thermal stress as compared to control. Thereafter, the relative abundance of HSP60 mRNA was significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05) at 60 min and 100 min of thermal stress. However, the highest mRNA expression of HSP60 was noticed at 100 min of thermal stress. The present study indicates that, thermal stress modulates the mRNA expression HSP60 in cultured caprine cardiac fibroblast cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sahu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, C.V.Sc & A.H., O.U.A.T, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - S R Mishra
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, C.V.Sc & A.H., O.U.A.T, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - A K Kundu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, C.V.Sc & A.H., O.U.A.T, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Health status of non-descript goats travelling long distances to water source. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1507-1511. [PMID: 31691914 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the influence of distance to water source on health status of non-descript weaners and does. The goats were situated at 0.25, 0.75, 1.25, 1.75, 2.25, 2.75 and 3.25 km from the Pongola river. Body condition score (BCS) declined faster in male weaners than female weaners as the distance to water source increased (P < 0.001). The rate of decline in BCS was similar between does and female weaners as the distance to water source increased (P > 0.05). Rectal temperature (RT) of all goat classes increased with an increase in distance to water source (P < 0.05). Rate of change in RT was higher in female weaners than male weaners and does as the distance to water source increased (P < 0.01). The increase in FAMACHA scores was higher in male weaners than does and female weaners as the distance to water source increased (P < 0.05). Does had the smallest drop in packed cell volume (PCV) than female and male weaners as the distance to water source increased (P > 0.05). All goat classes were severely affected by the distance to water source; however, the effects were more adverse in male weaners than in female weaners and does. Body condition score and PCV declined, whereas RT and FAMACHA increased with an increase in distance travelled by goats to the water source. It can be concluded that both male and female weaners were more susceptible to increasing distance to water source.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lees AM, Sejian V, Wallage AL, Steel CC, Mader TL, Lees JC, Gaughan JB. The Impact of Heat Load on Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E322. [PMID: 31174286 PMCID: PMC6616461 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress and cold stress have a negative influence on cattle welfare and productivity. There have been some studies investigating the influence of cold stress on cattle, however the emphasis within this review is the influence of heat stress on cattle. The impact of hot weather on cattle is of increasing importance due to the changing global environment. Heat stress is a worldwide phenomenon that is associated with reduced animal productivity and welfare, particularly during the summer months. Animal responses to their thermal environment are extremely varied, however, it is clear that the thermal environment influences the health, productivity, and welfare of cattle. Whilst knowledge continues to be developed, managing livestock to reduce the negative impact of hot climatic conditions remains somewhat challenging. This review provides an overview of the impact of heat stress on production and reproduction in bovines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Lees
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland; Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia.
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, India.
| | - Andrea L Wallage
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland; Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
| | - Cameron C Steel
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia.
| | - Terry L Mader
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
- Mader Consulting, Gretna, NE 68028, USA.
| | - Jarrod C Lees
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia.
| | - John B Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland; Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sejian V, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Rashamol V, Pragna P, Devaraj C, Bhatta R. Genes for resilience to heat stress in small ruminants: A review. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
14
|
Salahuddin M, Azad MAK, Das SK, Hossain MM, Hasan MN, Hiramatsu K. Effect of posttransportation grazing on the physiological condition and meat quality traits of Black Bengal goats. Anim Sci J 2018; 90:264-270. [PMID: 30556247 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to reveal the role of posttransportation grazing on the physiological condition and meat quality traits of Black Bengal goats. Twenty-four castrated male Black Bengal goats were divided into a control (untransported) group and three treated groups: Walking and Transportation with Human Interference group (WTHI) (30 min walking before 6 hr transport and then 30 min walking with human interference), posttransportation grazing for 48 hr (PTG1), and posttransportation grazing for 72 hr (PTG2). The WTHI and PTG1 groups had a significant reduction in their blood concentrations of tri-iodothyronine (T3 ) and thyroxine (T4 ), and a significantly higher neutrophil and lymphocyte (N:L) ratio compared with those of the control group. Blood concentrations of T3 and T4 and the N:L ratio of PTG2 returned to the control level after 72 hr of grazing. The final pH and water-holding capacity values of meat were significantly higher in the WTHI group than in the control group, but those in the PTG2 group returned to the control level after 72 hr of grazing. These results demonstrate that posttransportation grazing for 72 hr is effective for recovering from damage induced by transportation stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Salahuddin
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.,Laboratory of Animal Functional Anatomy (LAFA), Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Kami-ina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Md Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Shonkor Kumar Das
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Nazmul Hasan
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Kohzy Hiramatsu
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Anatomy (LAFA), Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Kami-ina, Nagano, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gottardi FP, Pannunzio Dias e Silva T, Paraguaio PE, Torreão JNDC, Torreão Marques CA, Bezerra LR, Jácome de Araújo M, Machado LP, Abdalla Filho AL. The role of diet on the rhythm of physiological responses of lactating ewes under heat stress. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1528697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Patricia Gottardi
- Department of animal science, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Patrick Elves Paraguaio
- Department of animal science, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Department of animal science, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Marcos Jácome de Araújo
- Department of animal science, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pereira Machado
- Department of veterinary medicine, Federal University of South frontier, Realeza, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adibe Luiz Abdalla Filho
- Centre for nuclear energy and agriculture, Laboratory of animal nutrition, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Behringer V, Deimel C, Hohmann G, Negrey J, Schaebs FS, Deschner T. Applications for non-invasive thyroid hormone measurements in mammalian ecology, growth, and maintenance. Horm Behav 2018; 105:66-85. [PMID: 30063897 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play a pivotal role in the regulation of metabolic activity throughout all life stages. Cross-talk with other hormone systems permits THs to coordinate metabolic changes as well as modifications in growth and maintenance in response to changing environmental conditions. The scope of this review is to explain the relevant basics of TH endocrinology, highlight pertinent topics that have been investigated so far, and offer guidance on measuring THs in non-invasively collected matrices. The first part of the review provides an overview of TH biochemistry, which is necessary to understand and interpret the findings of existing studies and to apply non-invasive TH monitoring. The second part focuses on the role of THs in mammalian ecology, and the third part highlights the role of THs in growth and maintenance. The fourth part deals with the advantages and difficulties of measuring THs in non-invasively collected samples. This review concludes with a summary that considers future directions in the study of THs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Behringer
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - C Deimel
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University Bloomington, 701 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - G Hohmann
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Negrey
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, 232 Bay State Road, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - F S Schaebs
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - T Deschner
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pragna P, Sejian V, Soren NM, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Beena V, Devi PI, Bhatta R. Summer season induced rhythmic alterations in metabolic activities to adapt to heat stress in three indigenous (Osmanabadi, Malabari and Salem Black) goat breeds. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1386891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prathap Pragna
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - V. Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - N. M. Soren
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - M. Bagath
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - G. Krishnan
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - V. Beena
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - P. Indira Devi
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kumar D, Yadav B, Choudhury S, Kumari P, Madan AK, Singh SP, Rout PK, Ramchandran N, Yadav S. Evaluation of adaptability to different seasons in goat breeds of semi-arid region in India through differential expression pattern of heat shock protein genes. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1377984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brijesh Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, DUVASU, Mathura, India
| | - Soumen Choudhury
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, DUVASU, Mathura, India
| | | | - Arun Kumar Madan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, DUVASU, Mathura, India
| | - Satyendra Pal Singh
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Science and AH, DUVASU, Mathura, India
| | - P. K. Rout
- Division of Genetics and Breeding, Central Institute of Research on Goats, Mathura, India
| | - N. Ramchandran
- Division of Production, Reproduction and Management, Central Institute of Research on Goats Makhdoom, Mathura, India
| | - Sarvajeet Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, DUVASU, Mathura, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kumar D, Sejian V, Gaughan JB, Naqvi SMK. Biological functions as affected by summer season-related multiple environmental stressors (heat, nutritional and walking stress) in Malpura rams under semi-arid tropical environment. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1299364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davendra Kumar
- Division of Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, India
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Division of Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, India
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - John B. Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - S. M. K. Naqvi
- Division of Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Effect of multiple environmental stressors on the adaptive capability of Malpura rams based on physiological responses in a semi-arid tropical environment. J Vet Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
21
|
Shaji S, Sejian V, Bagath M, Manjunathareddy GB, Kurien EK, Varma G, Bhatta R. Summer season related heat and nutritional stresses on the adaptive capability of goats based on blood biochemical response and hepatic HSP70 gene expression. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1232340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
22
|
Aleena J, Pragna P, Archana P, Sejian V, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Manimaran A, Beena V, Kurien E, Varma G, Bhatta R. Significance of Metabolic Response in Livestock for Adapting to
Heat Stress Challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajas.2016.224.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
23
|
Ratnakaran AP, Sejian V, Jose VS, Vaswani S, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Beena V, Devi PI, Varma G, Bhatta R. Behavioral Responses to Livestock Adaptation to Heat Stress
Challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajas.2017.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
24
|
Islam MR, Clark CEF, Garcia SC, Kerrisk KL. Modelling Pasture-based Automatic Milking System Herds: The Impact of Large Herd on Milk Yield and Economics. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:1044-52. [PMID: 26104411 PMCID: PMC4478497 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this modelling study was to investigate the effect of large herd size (and land areas) on walking distances and milking interval (MI), and their impact on milk yield and economic penalties when 50% of the total diets were provided from home grown feed either as pasture or grazeable complementary forage rotation (CFR) in an automatic milking system (AMS). Twelve scenarios consisting of 3 AMS herds (400, 600, 800 cows), 2 levels of pasture utilisation (current AMS utilisation of 15.0 t dry matter [DM]/ha, termed as ‘moderate’; optimum pasture utilisation of 19.7 t DM/ha, termed as ‘high’) and 2 rates of incorporation of grazeable complementary forage system (CFS: 0, 30%; CFS = 65% farm is CFR and 35% of farm is pasture) were investigated. Walking distances, energy loss due to walking, MI, reduction in milk yield and income loss were calculated for each treatment based on information available in the literature. With moderate pasture utilisation and 0% CFR, increasing the herd size from 400 to 800 cows resulted in an increase in total walking distances between the parlour and the paddock from 3.5 to 6.3 km. Consequently, MI increased from 15.2 to 16.4 h with increased herd size from 400 to 800 cows. High pasture utilisation (allowing for an increased stocking density) reduced the total walking distances up to 1 km, thus reduced the MI by up to 0.5 h compared to the moderate pasture, 800 cow herd combination. The high pasture utilisation combined with 30% of the farm in CFR in the farm reduced the total walking distances by up to 1.7 km and MI by up to 0.8 h compared to the moderate pasture and 800 cow herd combination. For moderate pasture utilisation, increasing the herd size from 400 to 800 cows resulted in more dramatic milk yield penalty as yield increasing from c.f. 2.6 and 5.1 kg/cow/d respectively, which incurred a loss of up to $AU 1.9/cow/d. Milk yield losses of 0.61 kg and 0.25 kg for every km increase in total walking distance (voluntary return trip from parlour to paddock) and every one hour increase in MI, respectively. The high pasture utilisation combined with 30% of the farm in CFR in the farm increased milk yield by up to 1.5 kg/cow/d, thereby reducing loss by up to $0.5/cow/d (c.f. the moderate pasture and 800 cow herd scenario). Thus, it was concluded that the successful integration of grazeable CFS with pasture has the potential to improve financial performance compared to the pasture only, large herd, AMS.
Collapse
|
25
|
Titaouine M, Meziane T. The influence of altitude and landforms on some biochemical and hematological parameters in Ouled Djellal ewes from arid area of South East Algeria. Vet World 2015; 8:130-4. [PMID: 27047010 PMCID: PMC4777802 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.130-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was conducted on Ouled Djellal ewes in arid area of south-east Algeria in order to reveal the influence of altitude and landforms on some hematological and biochemical parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 ewes having 3-5 years of age, multiparous, non-pregnant, non-lactating and reared in arid areas of South East Algeria were included. Blood samples were divided according to factors of altitude and landform (plain region at 150 m above sea level, tableland region at 600 m above sea level and mountain region at 1000 m above sea level). The whole blood was analyzed for hematology, and plasma samples for biochemical analysis. Results: The study found lowest glucose concentrations were detected in tableland region at 600 m. In plain region at 150 m, ewes had a higher (p<0.01) concentration of cholesterol and triglyceride. Furthermore, a higher concentration of total proteins (p<0.01) and urea (p<0.05) were detected in plain region at 150 m. The average blood creatinine concentration in mountain ewes at 1000 m and tableland ewes at 600 m were higher (p<0.05) that in plain ewes at 150 m. The highest calcium concentration was found at the altitude of 150 m and the lowest at the altitude of 1000 m (1.12±0.35 mmol/L vs. 0.52±0.03 mmol/L). Phosphorus levels were higher at altitudes of 150 m than at the altitude of 600 m and 1000 m (0.93±0.42 mmol/L vs. 0.68±0.54 mmol/L, 0.23±0.01 mmol/L). The highest hemoglobin concentration and value of hematocrit were detected in mountain ewes at the altitude of 1000 m (120.61 g/L, 40%) and the lowest at the altitude of 150 m (73.2 g/L, 31%) (p<0.001). Conclusion: We concluded that hematological and biochemical parameters in Ouled Djellel ewes reared in arid area may be affected by altitude and landforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Titaouine
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Environment, Animal Health and Production, University of El-Hadj Lakhdar, Batna 05000, Algeria; Department of Nature and Life Science, University of Mohamed Kheider, Biskra 07000, Algeria
| | - Toufik Meziane
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Environment, Animal Health and Production, University of El-Hadj Lakhdar, Batna 05000, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Effects of road transportation or droving on the weight and metabolism of young bulls. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 46:1447-53. [PMID: 25224395 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of the mode of transportation on weight and metabolism of young bulls, which are generally transported by two systems: droving and truck. This experiment consisted of two phases: transportation and refeeding and involved transportation by droving and truck. Fifty young Nellore bulls were separated in equal numbers in both groups, droving group and truck group. In the transportation phase, animals were moved, in a 640-km journey. The refeeding phase consisted of 84 days and commenced after the animals arrived at the fattening farm. The effect of the transportation system on animals' weight, metabolic hormones, and serum biochemistry was assessed after 28, 56, and 84 days. During the transportation phase, animals in the droving group lost 10.11 kg and animals in the truck group gained 13.1 kg. The truck group showed 20.5 kg of weight gain at the end of the refeeding phase. The highest triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were observed on days 0 and 60 in the transportation phase in both droving and truck groups. The serum cortisol concentration was higher in the droving group than in the truck group on day 56 of the refeeding phase. The IGF-I concentrations were higher during the refeeding phase in the droving group than in the truck group. Our results showed that transportation by droving leads to increased weight loss and reduced further weight gain compared to transportation by truck and that serum concentrations of T4, cortisol, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) hormones are altered by the transportation system.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lima C, Costa T, Nascimento T, Lima Júnior D, Silva M, Mariz T. Comportamento ingestivo e respostas fisiológicas de ovinos em pastejo no semiárido. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR AND BIOMETEOROLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.14269/2318-1265.v02n01a05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
28
|
Sejian V, Maurya VP, Kumar K, Naqvi SMK. Effect of multiple stresses on growth and adaptive capability of Malpura ewes under semi-arid tropical environment. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 45:107-16. [PMID: 23011669 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the effect of multiple stresses (thermal, nutritional, and walking stress) on the adaptive capability of Malpura ewes in terms of changes in physiological mechanisms and blood biochemical changes. The study was conducted for a period of 35 days covering two estrous cycles during summer season (April-May). The ewes were randomly allocated into two groups of 12 animals each, viz., GI (n = 12; control) and GII (n = 12; multiple stresses). GI ewes were maintained in the shed while GII ewes were subjected to multiple stresses. GI ewes were maintained in shed while GII ewes were subjected to heat stress by exposing them to 32-44 °C (average 42 °C) and RH of 12-26 % for 6 h from 10:00 to 16:00 h in natural environment. GI ewes were provided with ad libitum feeding while GII ewes were provided with restricted feed (30 % of intake of GI ewes) to induce nutritional stress. Further, GII ewes were subjected to walking stress by forcing them to walk 14 km in two spans between 9:00 and 10:30 h and 15:00 and 16:30 h. Blood collection was done at weekly intervals. Multiple stresses significantly (P < 0.01) affected body weight, respiration rate, pulse rate, rectal temperature, sweating rate, tri-iodo-thyronine, thyroxine, cortisol, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, glucose, and total protein. The findings from this experiment provide useful information to understand the ideal nutrient requirement for these animals to adapt to such stresses in the semi-arid tropical environment without compromising production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veerasamy Sejian
- Adaptation Physiology Laboratory, Division of Physiology & Biochemistry, Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Via-Jaipur, Rajasthan, 304501, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Effect of multiple stresses (thermal, nutritional, and walking stress) on the reproductive performance of malpura ewes. Vet Med Int 2012; 2012:471760. [PMID: 22448337 PMCID: PMC3289860 DOI: 10.1155/2012/471760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the effect of multiple stresses (thermal, nutritional, and walking stress) on the reproductive performance of Malpura ewes. The study was conducted for a period of 35 days covering two estrous cycles during summer season (April-May). The ewes were randomly allocated into two groups of twelve animals each namely, GI (n=12; Control), and GII (n=1 2; Multiple stresses). GI ewes were maintained in the shed, while GII ewes were subjected to multiple stresses (thermal, nutritional, and walking stress). The estrus % differed significantly (P< 0.05) between the groups. Estrus duration also showed similar trend to that of estrus %. Both conception and lambing rate also differed significantly (P< 0.05) between the control and multiple-stress group. In addition plasma estradiol and progesterone also showed significant difference between the groups. The study proved the detrimental effects of multiple-stresses on various reproductive parameters studied. Hence it is very pertinent to conclude that when two or more than two stressors occur simultaneously, the total impact may be severe on reproductive functions of the animals.
Collapse
|