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Park SY, Lee MK. Effects of a self-managed return to work intervention for colorectal cancer survivors: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2024; 70:102593. [PMID: 38795437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2024.102593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aims to assess the efficacy of stage-matched, self-managed Return to Work (RTW) interventions in enhancing RTW outcomes among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. METHODS This trial, conducted in South Korea, enrolled 58 unemployed survivors of colorectal cancer. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. The experimental group received a self-managed return-to-work intervention based on the trans-theoretical model, while the control group received an educational booklet. Assessments were conducted at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months to measure changes in various factors including return-to-work status and HRQOL. RESULTS In the experimental group, 28 participants were randomly assigned, while 30 individuals were allocated to the control group. The experimental group exhibited a higher proportion of individuals achieving RTW (64.5% vs 39.3%, p = 0.013) and demonstrated greater improvements in work ability (p = 0.001), RTW self-efficacy (p = 0.035), readiness for RTW in the prepared-for-action (p < 00.0001), uncertain maintenance (p = 0.033), and proactive maintenance (p < 00.0001) stages, quality of working life (p = 0.003), HRQOL (p < 0.05), and illness perception (p < 0.05) compared to the control group at the 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Stage-matched self-managed RTW interventions incorporating TTM principles may effectively enhance RTW outcomes and work ability among CRC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeun Park
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science (Dr. Lee); and Colorectal Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine (Drs Park), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
| | - Myung Kyung Lee
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science (Dr. Lee); and Colorectal Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine (Drs Park), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
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Zhou T, Cai W, Wang W, Wang L. Effects of Lifestyle Interventions on Health and Life Quality of Colorectal Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cancer Nurs 2024; 47:E93-E107. [PMID: 37088897 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000001166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of previous studies on the effects of lifestyle interventions on the quality of life (QoL) in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors remain controversial, and there have been several new publications in this area in recent years. OBJECTIVES To assess whether lifestyle interventions can lead to favorable health outcomes and improved QoL in CRC survivors, we performed a meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to obtain relevant literature published from January 1, 1990, to November 1, 2021. The required data were extracted and summarized to compare the physical activity levels, QoL, mental health assessment, and anthropometric data between lifestyle interventions and routine nursing. RESULTS Twelve studies were included. Compared with the control group, lifestyle interventions could significantly increase the physical activity time (weighted mean difference [WMD], 9.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-18.48; P = .026), metabolic equivalent task levels (WMD, 10.40; 95% CI, 5.30-15.49; P < .001), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale-Colorectal scores (WMD, 3.12; 95% CI, 0.24-5.99; P = .034). However, lifestyle interventions were not noticeably able to improve the fatigue, depression levels, anxiety levels, waist circumference, or body mass index in CRC survivors. CONCLUSION Lifestyle interventions could generate an increase in physical activity time, metabolic equivalent task levels, and QoL in CRC survivors. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Lifestyle interventions in the future that include physical activity, diet, or comprehensive programs are needed to increase physical activity levels and improve QoL in CRC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Author Affiliations: Department of General surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan (Mss Zhou, Cai, and L Wang); and Nursing College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong (Ms W Wang), China
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Darmochwal S, Bischoff C, Thieme R, Gockel I, Tegtbur U, Hillemanns P, Schulze A, Voss J, Falz R, Busse M. Impact of home-based training and nutritional behavior on body composition and metabolic markers in cancer patients: data from the CRBP-TS study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1152218. [PMID: 37794972 PMCID: PMC10546323 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1152218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity and physical inactivity are known to affect cancer's development and prognosis. In this context, physical aerobic and resistance training as well as a Mediterranean nutrition have been proven to have many positive health effects. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of home-based training on body composition and certain metabolic laboratory parameters. Methods Patients with breast, colorectal and prostate cancer who underwent curative surgery at stages T1N0M0-T3N3M0 were eligible for this trial and randomized to an intervention and control group. In the intervention group the patients carried out online-based strength-endurance home training during the 6-month study period. Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis (baseline, 3 months and 6 months). Metabolic blood parameters were also analyzed and nutrition behavior determined using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Results The intervention group's fat mass decreased while their lean body mass increased (time effect p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). We found no interaction effect in body weight (p = 0.19), fat mass [p = 0.06, 6-months estimates -0.9 (95% CI -1.8 to -0.1)] and lean body mass (p = 0.92). Blood samples also failed to show a statistically significant interaction effect between time × group for HbA1c% (p = 0.64), Insulin (p = 0.33), Adiponectin (p = 0.87), Leptin (p = 0.52) and Triglycerides (p = 0.43). Only Adiponectin revealed significance in the time effect (p < 0.001) and Leptin in the group effect (p = 0.03). Dietary behavior during the study period was similar in patients in the intervention and control groups (interaction p = 0.81; group p = 0.09 and time p = 0.03). Discussion Individualized online-based home training in postoperative cancer patients revealed only minor changes, with no group differences in body composition or metabolic laboratory parameters, which were predominantly in the reference range at baseline. More studies investigating effects of online-based home training on body composition and nutrition behavior are needed. Trial registration https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00020499, DRKS-ID: DRKS00020499.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Darmochwal
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Bischoff
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - René Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Tegtbur
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antina Schulze
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Voss
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roberto Falz
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Busse
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Wilson TN, Nambiema A, Porro B, Descatha A, Aublet-Cuvelier A, Evanoff B, Roquelaure Y. Effectiveness of Physical Activity Interventions on Return to Work After a Cancer Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023; 33:4-19. [PMID: 35779184 PMCID: PMC10025244 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of physical activity (PA) interventions on return to work (RTW) in cancer survivors, compared to usual care, and to determine the dose of PA needed to improve this outcome. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Six electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched to identify studies, and completed by a search of grey literature and health organization websites. Two authors performed screening, selection, and data extraction independently. Study and intervention characteristics were extracted and summarized. Pooled risk ratio (RR) was estimated using a weight random-effects model with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 2655 records were identified, of which 8 intervention studies were included. The sample size of the included studies varied between 41 and 240, giving a total of 1087 participants aged between 18 and 75 years. Compared with usual care, PA interventions had a significant positive effect on RTW among cancer survivors with a pooled RR of 1.29 (95% CI 1.17, 1.42). We found that PA interventions (aerobic and resistance exercises) with an exercise dose between 7.6 METs.h/week and 15 METs.h/week, consisting in 50-60 min per session of moderate to vigorous physical exercise, twice a week seems relevant in improving RTW. Conclusions Our results showed, with moderate quality evidence that PA interventions are more effective than usual care in increasing the rate of RTW in cancer survivors. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO Registration Number, CRD42020203614.
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Affiliation(s)
- Têtê Norbert Wilson
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 49000, Angers, France.
| | - Aboubakari Nambiema
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Bertrand Porro
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Alexis Descatha
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Agnès Aublet-Cuvelier
- Direction des Etudes et de Recherches, INRS (Institut National de Recherche Et de Sécurité), 1 rue du Morvan, CS60027, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Bradley Evanoff
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63310, USA
| | - Yves Roquelaure
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 49000, Angers, France
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Heitkamp M, Spanier B, von Korn P, Knapp S, Groß C, Haller B, Halle M. Feasibility of a 12-Month Exercise Intervention in Postsurgical Colorectal Cancer Patients. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2023; 2023:4488334. [PMID: 38654917 PMCID: PMC11022773 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4488334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Extensive physical activity (PA; ≥18 MET∗h/week, MET metabolic equivalent of tasks hours) postcancer diagnosis has shown favorable effects on colorectal cancer disease-free survival. However, the feasibility of introducing this high volume of PA in this patient group is unclear. Therefore, the aim of the F-PROTECT study was to evaluate the feasibility of extensive and prolonged PA (≥18 MET∗h/week over 12 months) in colorectal cancer patients with the primary objectives to (1) recruit 50 patients within 12 months and (2) reach an attendance rate of ≥70%. Methods Single-armed, bicentric, prospective intervention study in colorectal cancer patients (≤80 years; UICC II/III Union for International Cancer Control) after histopathological confirmed R0-resection who were consecutively recruited from visceral surgery units of 10 clinics in Germany. Recruitment rates were calculated using screening logs. Intervention was a 12-month endurance-focused exercise program with supervised and home-based training. Attendance rates defined as ≥70% participation in training sessions were calculated by training diaries. Results Out of 521 patients who were screened for eligibility, 50 (23 female; 59 ± 10 years, UICC 44% II, 56% III; adjuvant chemotherapy 60%) were recruited within 15 months. Mean duration between surgery and first training was 103 ± 57 days. Training attendance rate was 64% (including 9 dropouts). Six (12%) participants reached ≥18 MET∗h/week in ≥70% of training sessions between 4-12 months. 28 adverse events (n = 9 serious) occurred, however, were not assessed as training related. Conclusions The present intervention involving a combination of supervised and home-based exercise training in postsurgical colorectal cancer patients was not feasible. Strategies specifically designed for this patient group must be developed and investigated to motivate long-term PA. Registration. The study was prospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01991847).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Heitkamp
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, University Hospital “Klinikum Rechts der Isar”, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Bianca Spanier
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, University Hospital “Klinikum Rechts der Isar”, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Pia von Korn
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, University Hospital “Klinikum Rechts der Isar”, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Knapp
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, University Hospital “Klinikum Rechts der Isar”, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Groß
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, University Hospital “Klinikum Rechts der Isar”, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, University Hospital “Klinikum Rechts der Isar”, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herzkreislaufforschung, DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Filgueira TO, Carvalho PRC, de Sousa Fernandes MS, Castoldi A, Teixeira AM, de Albuquerque RB, de Lima-Filho JL, Souto FO. The impact of supervised physical exercise on chemokines and cytokines in recovered COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1051059. [PMID: 36685603 PMCID: PMC9846636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1051059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which induces a high release of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, leading to severe systemic disorders. Further, evidence has shown that recovered COVID-19 patients still have some symptoms and disorders from COVID-19. Physical exercise can have many health benefits. It is known to be a potent regulator of the immune system, which includes frequency, intensity, duration, and supervised by a professional. Given the confinement and social isolation or hospitalization of COVID-19 patients, the population became sedentary or opted for physical exercise at home, assuming the guarantee of the beneficial effects of physical exercise and reducing exposure to SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a supervised exercise protocol and a home-based unsupervised exercise protocol on chemokine and cytokine serum levels in recovered COVID-19 patients. This study was a prospective, parallel, two-arm clinical trial. Twenty-four patients who had moderate to severe COVID-19 concluded the intervention protocols of this study. Participants were submitted to either supervised exercise protocol at the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Pernambuco or home-based unsupervised exercise for 12 weeks. We analyzed serum levels of chemokines (CXCL8/IL-8, CCL5/RANTES, CXCL9/MIG, CCL2/MCP-1, and CXCL10/IP-10) and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). Before the interventions, no significant differences were observed in the serum levels of chemokines and cytokines between the supervised and home-based unsupervised exercise groups. The CXCL8/IL-8 (p = 0.04), CCL2/MCP-1 (p = 0.03), and IFN-γ (p = 0.004) levels decreased after 12 weeks of supervised exercise. In parallel, an increase in IL-2 (p = 0.02), IL-6 (p = 0.03), IL-4 (p = 0.006), and IL-10 (p = 0.04) was observed after the supervised protocol compared to pre-intervention levels. No significant differences in all the chemokines and cytokines were found after 12 weeks of the home-based unsupervised exercise protocol. Given the results, the present study observed that supervised exercise was able to modulate the immune response in individuals with post-COVID-19, suggesting that supervised exercise can mitigate the inflammatory process associated with COVID-19 and its disorders. Clinical trial registration https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-7z3kxjk, identifier U1111-1272-4730.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayrine Ordonio Filgueira
- Postgraduate Program in Biology Applied to Health, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Postgraduate Program in Biology Applied to Health, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Keizo Asami Institute, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Life Sciences Center, Agreste Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Caruaru, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Teixeira
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Renata Bezerra de Albuquerque
- Postgraduate Program in Biology Applied to Health, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Lima-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Biology Applied to Health, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Keizo Asami Institute, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Oliveira Souto
- Postgraduate Program in Biology Applied to Health, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Keizo Asami Institute, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Life Sciences Center, Agreste Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Caruaru, Brazil
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Chang WY, Chiu HM. Beyond colonoscopy: Physical activity as a viable adjunct to prevent colorectal cancer. Dig Endosc 2023; 35:33-46. [PMID: 35694899 DOI: 10.1111/den.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer with an increasing incidence worldwide. The implementation of a mass screening program has been proven effective in reducing the global burden of CRC, but its effectiveness is not ideal and some metabolic derangements and lifestyle factors were reported to be attributable for such a deficit. Implementing positive lifestyle intervention as primary prevention therefore becomes critical because colorectal carcinogenesis can be promoted by several lifestyle factors, such as a lack of physical activity. Herein, we review the current evidence on the association and possible mechanisms between physical activity and CRC carcinogenesis. In addition, since CRC prevention heavily relies on resection of precancerous polyps and subsequent surveillance by colonoscopy, this review will also explore the impact of physical activity on populations with different colorectal polyp risks and its potential adjunct role in altering surveillance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yuan Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Han-Mo Chiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang X, Sun J, Yin X, Zou C, Li H. Effects of behavioral change techniques on diet and physical activity in colorectal cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer 2022; 31:29. [PMID: 36515770 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of behavior change technology on diet, exercise, and sedentary behaviors in colorectal cancer over the last decade. METHODS This study systematically searched six English databases (Cochrane Library, EMBASE, APA PsycInfo, SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science) and three Chinese databases (CNKI, WanFang, and SINOMEd), searched for eligible clinical trials published between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2021. Each database follows the principle of PICOS and adopts the method of subject words combined with free words to conduct literature retrieval, such as "colorectal cancer" and "behavior change intervention." Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Continuous data using the same measurement tools were analyzed using weighted mean difference (MD). Otherwise, standard mean difference (SMD) was used for analysis. The confidence interval is 95%. There was no significant statistical heterogeneity between the studies (P > 0.1, I2 < 50%), and fixed-effects model was used. There was statistical heterogeneity (P ≤ 0.1), I2 ≥ 50%), and the random effects model was used for analysis. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. RESULTS In total, 15 good-quality randomized controlled trials were identified. Six studies focused on eating habits. Twelve studies focused on physical activity. We found that behavior change techniques had significant effects on colorectal cancer survivors' eating behaviors such as frequency of fruit and vegetable intake and mastery of dietary knowledge (P < 0.05). The meta-analysis showed that the amount of physical activity in the intervention group increased by 71.76 min/w (16.27 to 127.24, P = 0.01) at 3 months after treatment compared with the control group. The meta-analysis showed that the amount of physical activity in the intervention group increased by 113.97 min/w (48.34 to 179.59, P < 0.001) at 6 months after treatment compared with the control group. The results revealed significant difference in the overall effect of the behavior change technique on the amount of exercise. Behavior change techniques were not found to have significant effects on body weight and BMI in colorectal cancer survivors, but it had a significant effect on sedentary behavior (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The effects of behavioral change technique intervention on diet and physical activity may be more clinically significant at 6 months. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the effectiveness of a behavioral change techniques health behavior intervention in patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Yin
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Congcong Zou
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Amirsasan R, Akbarzadeh M, Akbarzadeh S. Exercise and colorectal cancer: prevention and molecular mechanisms. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:247. [PMID: 35945569 PMCID: PMC9361674 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and physical activity have been shown to be strongly associated with a decreased incidence rate of various chronic diseases especially numerous human malignancies. A huge number of clinical trials and meta-analysis have demonstrated that exercise is significantly effective in lowering the risk of colorectal cancer. In addition, it is suggested as an effective therapeutic modality against this cancer type. Therefore, in this review, we will review comprehensibly the effects of exercise in preventing, treating, and alleviating the adverse effects of conventional therapeutic options in colorectal cancer. Moreover, the possible mechanisms underlying the positive effects of exercise and physical activity in colorectal cancer, including regulation of inflammation, apoptosis, growth factor axis, immunity, epigenetic, etc. will be also discussed. Exercise is an effective post-treatment management program in colorectal cancer survivals Exercise improves muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, emotional distress, physical activity, fatigue, and sleep quality in colorectal patients undergoing chemotherapy Targeting and modulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, inflammation, apoptosis, immunity, epigenetic, Leptin and Ghrelin, and signaling pathways are major underlying mechanisms for preventive effects of exercise in colorectal cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Amirsasan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Kang DW, Barnes O, Vander Heiden MG, Dieli-Conwright CM. Effect of exercise on tumor markers – is exercise anti-tumorigenic in humans?: A scoping review of preliminary clinical investigations. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 178:103779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Effect of physical exercise on cognitive function after chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial (PAM study). Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:36. [PMID: 35619188 PMCID: PMC9135390 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 60% of breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy is confronted with cognitive problems, which can have a significant impact on daily activities and quality of life (QoL). We investigated whether exercise training improves cognition in chemotherapy-exposed breast cancer patients 2-4 years after diagnosis. METHODS Chemotherapy-exposed breast cancer patients, with both self-reported cognitive problems and lower than expected performance on neuropsychological tests, were randomized to an exercise or control group. The 6-month exercise intervention consisted of supervised aerobic and strength training (2 h/week), and Nordic/power walking (2 h/week). Our primary outcome was memory functioning (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised; HVLT-R). Secondary outcomes included online neuropsychological tests (Amsterdam Cognition Scan; ACS), self-reported cognition (MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for multiple myeloma; MDASI-MM), physical fitness (relative maximum oxygen uptake; VO2peak), fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory), QoL (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire; EORTC QLQ C-30), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS), and anxiety (HADS). HVLT-R total recall was analyzed with a Fisher exact test for clinically relevant improvement (≥ 5 words). Other outcomes were analyzed using multiple regression analyses adjusted for baseline and stratification factors. RESULTS We randomized 181 patients to the exercise (n = 91) or control group (n = 90). Two-third of the patients attended ≥ 80% of the exercise sessions, and physical fitness significantly improved compared to control patients (B VO2peak 1.4 ml/min/kg, 95%CI:0.6;2.2). No difference in favor of the intervention group was seen on the primary outcome. Significant beneficial intervention effects were found for self-reported cognitive functioning [MDASI-MM severity (B-0.7, 95% CI - 1.2; - 0.1)], fatigue, QoL, and depression. A hypothesis-driven analysis in highly fatigued patients showed positive exercise effects on tested cognitive functioning [ACS Reaction Time (B-26.8, 95% CI - 52.9; - 0.6) and ACS Wordlist Learning (B4.4, 95% CI 0.5; 8.3)]. CONCLUSIONS A 6-month exercise intervention improved self-reported cognitive functioning, physical fitness, fatigue, QoL, and depression in chemotherapy-exposed breast cancer patients with cognitive problems. Tested cognitive functioning was not affected. However, subgroup analysis indicated a positive effect of exercise on tested cognitive functioning in highly fatigued patients. Trial Registration Netherlands Trial Registry: Trial NL5924 (NTR6104). Registered 24 October 2016, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/5924 .
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Weekly Telephone Call Impacts Outcomes of an Individualized Home Exercise Program in People Recovering From Cancer. REHABILITATION ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/01.reo.0000000000000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Attention to principles of exercise training: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials in cancers other than breast and prostate. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1179. [PMID: 34740332 PMCID: PMC8569988 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary objective of this systematic review was to update our previous review on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise in cancers other than breast or prostate, evaluating: 1) the application of principles of exercise training within the exercise prescription; 2) reporting of the exercise prescription components (i.e., frequency, intensity, time, and type (FITT)); and 3) reporting of participant adherence to FITT. A secondary objective was to examine whether reporting of these interventions had improved over time. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from 2012 to 2020. Eligible studies were RCTs of at least 4 weeks of aerobic and/or resistance exercise that reported on physiological outcomes relating to exercise (e.g., aerobic capacity, muscular strength) in people with cancer other than breast or prostate. RESULTS Eighty-six new studies were identified in the updated search, for a total of 107 studies included in this review. The principle of specificity was applied by 91%, progression by 32%, overload by 46%, initial values by 72%, reversibility by 7% and diminishing returns by 5%. A significant increase in the percentage of studies that appropriately reported initial values (46 to 80%, p < 0.001) and progression (15 to 37%, p = 0.039) was found for studies published after 2011 compared to older studies. All four FITT prescription components were fully reported in the methods in 58% of all studies, which was higher than the proportion that fully reported adherence to the FITT prescription components in the results (7% of studies). Reporting of the FITT exercise prescription components and FITT adherence did not improve in studies published after 2011 compared to older studies. CONCLUSION Full reporting of exercise prescription and adherence still needs improvement within exercise oncology RCTs. Some aspects of exercise intervention reporting have improved since 2011, including the reporting of the principles of progression and initial values. Enhancing the reporting of exercise prescriptions, particularly FITT adherence, may provide better context for interpreting study results and improve research to practice translation.
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14
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Mbous YP, Patel J, Kelly KM. A systematic review and meta-analysis of physical activity interventions among colorectal cancer survivors. Transl Behav Med 2021; 10:1134-1143. [PMID: 33044539 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibz176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the growing number of colorectal cancer survivors (CRCS), theory-based, high-quality physical activity (PA) interventions are needed to promote quality and quantity of life. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized theory-based PA interventions among CRCS. Using PubMed, PsyINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, SportDiscus, and Cochrane databases, studies including CRCS participants, a PA outcome, a behavioral theory/model or behavior change techniques (BCTs), and randomized research design were identified. Two reviewers coded BCT, intervention reproducibility (Template for Intervention Description and Replication-TIDier), risk of bias, and quality of evidence. From an initial screen of 1,328 articles, 10 RCTs met our inclusion criteria. The Transtheoretical Model (n = 3), Social Cognitive Theory (n = 3), and Theory of Planned Behavior (n = 2) were the most used theories. "Goal setting (behavior)" (n = 10), "goal setting (outcome)" (n = 10), "action planning" (n = 9), and "problem solving" (n = 9) were the most commonly used BCTs. Intervention modalities were primarily print material based (n = 4) and telephone counseling (n = 4). Findings demonstrated that theory-based PA interventions are successful at increasing PA among CRCS as meta-analysis evidenced a small effect size of 0.26. TDier items 3, 9, and 12 hindered intervention replicability. Lack of blinding and bias in the measurement of outcomes by assessors resulted in serious bias. In-depth theoretical applications are needed for PA interventions that minimize bias and improve outcomes measurement. Intervention adherence and fidelity, as well as theoretical construct measurement pre- and post-intervention, will enhance the behavioral research enterprise. PROSPERO registration: CRD42019142816.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Paul Mbous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy
| | - Jayeshkumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy
| | - Kimberly M Kelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy
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15
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Reis AD, Lima LSD, Barros ÊADC, Bertoli J, Gobbo LA, Silva CBD, Garcia JBS, Freitas Júnior IF. Impact of home-based aerobic training combined with food orientation on food consumption, daily physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness among breast cancer survivors: six-month clinical trial. SAO PAULO MED J 2021; 139:259-268. [PMID: 33978132 PMCID: PMC9625008 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0658.28012021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticancer treatment gives rise to adverse effects such as increased pain and changes to body weight and menstrual cycles, with negative effects on activities of daily living. OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect of food orientation combined with supervised (face-to-face, FF) versus home-based (HB) aerobic training on lifestyle (food consumption and daily physical activity (PA) levels), body composition, metabolic profile and cardiorespiratory fitness, among breast cancer survivors. DESIGN AND SETTING Clinical trial study (six months) conducted at a public university in Presidente Prudente, Brazil. METHODS Twenty-three female breast cancer survivors (40-75 years old) were allocated to aerobic training groups, either FF or HB. Both groups were trained and received food orientation. They were evaluated through a dietary record, ergometric treadmill test and blood test and the Baecke questionnaire. RESULTS After six months, both groups had reduced their lipid levels, total energy consumption and polyunsaturated fat intake, and had increased their PA levels and treadmill test durations. However, only the HB showed reduced carbohydrate percentage and increased folic acid; and only the FF showed reduced lipid, saturated fat and sodium levels, along with increased carbohydrate and protein levels. No differences in body composition or metabolic profile were found. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated the feasibility of HB aerobic training. In isolation, HB showed greater regulation of carbohydrate percentage and increased folic acid levels. Moreover, these breast cancer survivors presented improvements in food consumption, PA levels and cardiorespiratory fitness, while also maintaining their body composition and metabolic profile after the intervention, independent of the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Dias Reis
- PhD. Physical Education Professional, Postgraduate Program on Movement Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil
| | - Luciana Sato de Lima
- MSc. Dietitian, Postgraduate Program on Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil
| | - Êmili Amice da Costa Barros
- MSc. Physiotherapist, Postgraduate Program on Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil
| | - Josefina Bertoli
- MSc. Physical Education Professional and Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program on Movement Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil
| | - Luís Alberto Gobbo
- PhD. Physical Education Professional and Associate Professor, Postgraduate Program on Movement Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil
| | - Camila Buonani da Silva
- PhD. Physical Education Professional and Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil
| | - João Batista Santos Garcia
- MD, PhD. Physician and Associate Professor, Postgraduate Program on Adult Health and Postgraduate Program on Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís (MA), Brazil
| | - Ismael Forte Freitas Júnior
- PhD. Physical Education Professional, Postdoctoral Researcher and Adjunct Professor, Postgraduate Program on Movement Sciences and Postgraduate Program on Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil
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Exercise-A Panacea of Metabolic Dysregulation in Cancer: Physiological and Molecular Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073469. [PMID: 33801684 PMCID: PMC8037630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction is a comorbidity of many types of cancers. Disruption of glucose metabolism is of concern, as it is associated with higher cancer recurrence rates and reduced survival. Current evidence suggests many health benefits from exercise during and after cancer treatment, yet only a limited number of studies have addressed the effect of exercise on cancer-associated disruption of metabolism. In this review, we draw on studies in cells, rodents, and humans to describe the metabolic dysfunctions observed in cancer and the tissues involved. We discuss how the known effects of acute exercise and exercise training observed in healthy subjects could have a positive outcome on mechanisms in people with cancer, namely: insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and cachexia. Finally, we compile the current limited knowledge of how exercise corrects metabolic control in cancer and identify unanswered questions for future research.
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Filgueira TO, Castoldi A, Santos LER, de Amorim GJ, de Sousa Fernandes MS, Anastácio WDLDN, Campos EZ, Santos TM, Souto FO. The Relevance of a Physical Active Lifestyle and Physical Fitness on Immune Defense: Mitigating Disease Burden, With Focus on COVID-19 Consequences. Front Immunol 2021; 12:587146. [PMID: 33613573 PMCID: PMC7892446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.587146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a fast spreading virus leading to the development of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Severe and critical cases are characterized by damage to the respiratory system, endothelial inflammation, and multiple organ failure triggered by an excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, culminating in the high number of deaths all over the world. Sedentarism induces worse, continuous, and progressive consequences to health. On the other hand, physical activity provides benefits to health and improves low-grade systemic inflammation. The aim of this review is to elucidate the effects of physical activity in physical fitness, immune defense, and its contribution to mitigate the severe inflammatory response mediated by SARS-CoV-2. Physical exercise is an effective therapeutic strategy to mitigate the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this sense, studies have shown that acute physical exercise induces the production of myokines that are secreted in tissues and into the bloodstream, supporting its systemic modulatory effect. Therefore, maintaining physical activity influence balance the immune system and increases immune vigilance, and also might promote potent effects against the consequences of infectious diseases and chronic diseases associated with the development of severe forms of COVID-19. Protocols to maintain exercise practice are suggested and have been strongly established, such as home-based exercise (HBE) and outdoor-based exercise (OBE). In this regard, HBE might help to reduce levels of physical inactivity, bed rest, and sitting time, impacting on adherence to physical activity, promoting all the benefits related to exercise, and attracting patients in different stages of treatment for COVID-19. In parallel, OBE must improve health, but also prevent and mitigate COVID-19 severe outcomes in all populations. In conclusion, HBE or OBE models can be a potent strategy to mitigate the progress of infection, and a coadjutant therapy for COVID-19 at all ages and different chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Lucas Eduardo R. Santos
- Pós Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Pós Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Geraldo José de Amorim
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Serviço de Nefrologia do Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes
- Pós Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Pós Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tony Meireles Santos
- Pós Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Oliveira Souto
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Núcleo de Ciências da Vida, Centro Acadêmico do Agreste, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Caruaru, Brazil
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Berkovic MC, Cigrovski V, Bilic-Curcic I, Mrzljak A. What is the gut feeling telling us about physical activity in colorectal carcinogenesis? World J Clin Cases 2020. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i23.5843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Berkovic MC, Cigrovski V, Bilic-Curcic I, Mrzljak A. What is the gut feeling telling us about physical activity in colorectal carcinogenesis? World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:5844-5851. [PMID: 33344583 PMCID: PMC7723696 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i23.5844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, more efforts are focused on the prevention and treatment of malignant diseases, given the increase in all cancers incidence A lifestyle change, including healthy eating habits and regular physical activity, has significantly impacted colorectal cancer prevention. The effect of dose-dependent physical activity on mortality and recurrence rates of colorectal carcinoma has been unequivocally demonstrated in observational studies. However, clear recommendations are not available on the frequency, duration, and intensity of exercise in patients with colorectal cancer due to the lack of evidence in randomized clinical trials. Regarding pathophysiological mechanisms, the most plausible explanation appears to be the influence of physical activity on reducing chronic inflammation and insulin resistance with a consequent positive effect on insulin growth factor 1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Cigrovski Berkovic
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | | | - Ines Bilic-Curcic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, J J Strossmayer University Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Anna Mrzljak
- Department of Medicine, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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Effects of home-based exercise on exercise capacity, symptoms, and quality of life in patients with lung cancer: A meta-analysis. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2020; 49:101836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2020.101836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Cohen M, Levkovich I, Katz R, Fried G, Pollack S. Low physical activity, fatigue and depression in breast cancer survivors: Moderation by levels of IL-6 and IL-8. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 158:96-102. [PMID: 33080293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although previous studies suggested that depressed mood and fatigue among cancer survivors are associated with chronic inflammation, the effect of cytokines on the relation between physical activity and fatigue and depressed mood is characterized by inconsistent results. The aim was to examine levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, IL-12) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in relation to the effects of physical activity on fatigue and depressed mood. METHODS Breast cancer survivors (n = 108; stages I-III), aged >20 and who were 1-6 months postchemotherapy were recruited consecutively. Participants completed the Fatigue Symptom Inventory and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and reported physical activity details; 10 cc of blood were drawn for assessment of levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, Il-12, and TNFα in serum. RESULTS Only IL-6 and IL-8 were associated with fatigue and depressed mood. Controlling for background variables, physical activity and IL-6 were significantly associated with fatigue, but only physical activity was significantly associated with depressed mood. A moderated effect of IL-6 and IL-8 was found in the association of physical activity and fatigue, indicating that this association is significant only in individuals with lower levels of IL-6 or IL-8. CONCLUSIONS Fatigue and depressed mood are differently associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, IL-6 and IL-8 are main cytokines affected by physical activity. The study stresses the need to provide information and tailored guidance for cancer survivors for maintaining an active lifestyle into survivorship and the importance of allocating resources for programs to encourage active lifestyles among cancer survivors. Caution should be exercised in the interpretation of the results due to the cross-sectional design and possibility of bidirectional associations between the study variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Cohen
- School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | | | - Rina Katz
- Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Shimon Pollack
- Allergy and AIDS, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Gao R, Yu T, Liu L, Bi J, Zhao H, Tao Y, Li F, Guo L. Exercise intervention for post-treatment colorectal cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Surviv 2020; 14:878-893. [PMID: 32533468 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-020-00900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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McGettigan M, Cardwell CR, Cantwell MM, Tully MA. Physical activity interventions for disease-related physical and mental health during and following treatment in people with non-advanced colorectal cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 5:CD012864. [PMID: 32361988 PMCID: PMC7196359 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012864.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. A diagnosis of colorectal cancer and subsequent treatment can adversely affect an individuals physical and mental health. Benefits of physical activity interventions in alleviating treatment side effects have been demonstrated in other cancer populations. Given that regular physical activity can decrease the risk of colorectal cancer, and cardiovascular fitness is a strong predictor of all-cause and cancer mortality risk, physical activity interventions may have a role to play in the colorectal cancer control continuum. Evidence of the efficacy of physical activity interventions in this population remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of physical activity interventions on the disease-related physical and mental health of individuals diagnosed with non-advanced colorectal cancer, staged as T1-4 N0-2 M0, treated surgically or with neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy (i.e. chemotherapy, radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy), or both. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2019, Issue 6), along with OVID MEDLINE, six other databases and four trial registries with no language or date restrictions. We screened reference lists of relevant publications and handsearched meeting abstracts and conference proceedings of relevant organisations for additional relevant studies. All searches were completed between 6 June and 14 June 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised control trials (RCTs) and cluster-RCTs comparing physical activity interventions, to usual care or no physical activity intervention in adults with non-advanced colorectal cancer. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected studies, performed the data extraction, assessed the risk of bias and rated the quality of the studies using GRADE criteria. We pooled data for meta-analyses by length of follow-up, reported as mean differences (MDs) or standardised mean differences (SMDs) using random-effects wherever possible, or the fixed-effect model, where appropriate. If a meta-analysis was not possible, we synthesised studies narratively. MAIN RESULTS We identified 16 RCTs, involving 992 participants; 524 were allocated to a physical activity intervention group and 468 to a usual care control group. The mean age of participants ranged between 51 and 69 years. Ten studies included participants who had finished active treatment, two studies included participants who were receiving active treatment, two studies included both those receiving and finished active treatment. It was unclear whether participants were receiving or finished treatment in two studies. Type, setting and duration of physical activity intervention varied between trials. Three studies opted for supervised interventions, five for home-based self-directed interventions and seven studies opted for a combination of supervised and self-directed programmes. One study did not report the intervention setting. The most common intervention duration was 12 weeks (7 studies). Type of physical activity included walking, cycling, resistance exercise, yoga and core stabilisation exercise. Most of the uncertainty in judging study bias came from a lack of clarity around allocation concealment and blinding of outcome assessors. Blinding of participants and personnel was not possible. The quality of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate overall. We did not pool physical function results at immediate-term follow-up due to considerable variation in results and inconsistency of direction of effect. We are uncertain whether physical activity interventions improve physical function compared with usual care. We found no evidence of effect of physical activity interventions compared to usual care on disease-related mental health (anxiety: SMD -0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.40 to 0.18; 4 studies, 198 participants; I2 = 0%; and depression: SMD -0.21, 95% CI -0.50 to 0.08; 4 studies, 198 participants; I2 = 0%; moderate-quality evidence) at short- or medium-term follow-up. Seven studies reported on adverse events. We did not pool adverse events due to inconsistency in reporting and measurement. We found no evidence of serious adverse events in the intervention or usual care groups. Minor adverse events, such as neck, back and muscle pain were most commonly reported. No studies reported on overall survival or recurrence-free survival and no studies assessed outcomes at long-term follow-up We found evidence of positive effects of physical activity interventions on the aerobic fitness component of physical fitness (SMD 0.82, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.29; 7 studies, 295; I2 = 68%; low-quality evidence), cancer-related fatigue (MD 2.16, 95% CI 0.18 to 4.15; 6 studies, 230 participants; I2 = 18%; low-quality evidence) and health-related quality of life (SMD 0.36, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.62; 6 studies, 230 participants; I2 = 0%; moderate-quality evidence) at immediate-term follow-up. These positive effects were also observed at short-term follow-up but not medium-term follow-up. Only three studies reported medium-term follow-up for cancer-related fatigue and health-related quality of life. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The findings of this review should be interpreted with caution due to the low number of studies included and the quality of the evidence. We are uncertain whether physical activity interventions improve physical function. Physical activity interventions may have no effect on disease-related mental health. Physical activity interventions may be beneficial for aerobic fitness, cancer-related fatigue and health-related quality of life up to six months follow-up. Where reported, adverse events were generally minor. Adequately powered RCTs of high methodological quality with longer-term follow-up are required to assess the effect of physical activity interventions on the disease-related physical and mental health and on survival of people with non-advanced colorectal cancer. Adverse events should be adequately reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris R Cardwell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Marie M Cantwell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mark A Tully
- Institute of Mental Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK
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Sweeney‐Magee M, Moustaqim‐Barrette A, Gotay C, Dummer T. A systematic mixed studies review of health behaviour change interventions in colorectal cancer survivors. J Adv Nurs 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.14389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Molly Sweeney‐Magee
- School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Amina Moustaqim‐Barrette
- School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Carolyn Gotay
- School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Trevor Dummer
- School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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Lopez C, McGarragle K, Pritlove C, Jones JM, Alibhai SMH, Lenton E, Santa Mina D. Variability and limitations in home-based exercise program descriptions in oncology: a scoping review. Support Care Cancer 2020; 28:4005-4017. [PMID: 32296982 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature reflects considerable heterogeneity in what constitutes home-based exercise interventions. The variability for where and what "home-based" exercise can represent challenges interpretation of findings and appropriate advocacy, referral, or development of these models of care. Therefore, the objective of this review was to provide a comprehensive summary of how home-based exercise is defined and reported in the literature and summarize the range of supportive elements utilized in home-based exercise trials. METHODS We followed methodology for scoping reviews. Relevant research databases were searched from inception to March 2019. Two reviewers independently screened articles to determine eligibility and extracted terminology used to describe home-based exercise and intervention details for intervention delivery. RESULTS Of the 9432 records identified, 229 articles met inclusion criteria. Across the literature, exercise interventions were described as home-based if they were completed at-home, outdoors in the neighbourhood, and in community facilities; or in self-selected environments; or if they were unsupervised. Supportive elements for home-based models ranged with respect to the amount of supervision and resources utilized, including the provision of print materials, exercise equipment, telephone support, home visits, and technology. CONCLUSIONS This review provides a comprehensive summary of strategies previously utilized to deliver home-based exercise interventions in oncology, along with the various definitions of the home-based environment for exercise reported by researchers. Specific recommendations to improve the prescription and reporting of home-based exercise interventions are provided in order to facilitate the delivery, evaluation, and translation of findings into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lopez
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, The University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2W6, Canada
- Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaitlin McGarragle
- Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl Pritlove
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Jones
- Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shabbir M H Alibhai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erica Lenton
- Gerstein Science Information Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Santa Mina
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, The University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2W6, Canada.
- Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Onerup A, Thörn SE, Angenete E, Bock D, Grybäck Gillheimer E, Haglind E, Nilsson H. Effects of a home-based exercise program on the insulin-like growth factor axis in patients operated for colorectal cancer in Sweden: Results from the randomised controlled trial PHYSSURG-C. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 51:27-33. [PMID: 32007834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We report results from a subgroup within the ongoing PHYSSURG-C trial with the aim to examine effects of exercise on IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. DESIGN Randomised controlled trial. SETTING A Swedish university hospital. PARTICIPANTS Between 2015 and 2016, 217 patients were enrolled (I = 106, C = 111), with 122 patients that had given blood samples at baseline and at least at one follow-up (I = 51, C = 71). Patients 20 year or older with colorectal cancer were eligible. Exclusion criteria were emergency surgery, local surgery, language problems or inability to perform intervention. INTERVENTIONS Patients were computer-randomised to either a daily home-based aerobic exercise intervention (I), or to usual care (C). The intervention lasted two weeks before surgery and four weeks after discharge from hospital and consisted of medium-intensity aerobic exercise and inspiratory muscle training. Circulating concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were determined by blinded personnel at baseline, time of surgery and 4-6 weeks postoperatively. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome of this subpopulation report was change in IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentrations from baseline to surgery, and 4-6 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS The IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio increased from baseline to surgery by 11% in I and 8% in C with no difference between groups (I vs. C: 1.04, 95%CI: 0.97-1.11; p = 1.000). Postoperative change was 5% in I and 3% in C with no difference between groups (I vs. C:1.03, 95%CI: 0.96-1.10; p = 1.000). Results concerning IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 also showed statistically significant dynamics over time with no difference between groups. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS The home-based exercise program in our trial did not have any effect on IGF-1, or IGFBP-3. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier NCT02299596. This work was funded externally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Onerup
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group (SSORG), Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Sven-Egron Thörn
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Angenete
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group (SSORG), Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Bock
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group (SSORG), Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elin Grybäck Gillheimer
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group (SSORG), Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Haglind
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group (SSORG), Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Nilsson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group (SSORG), Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Meyerhardt JA, Irwin ML, Jones LW, Zhang S, Campbell N, Brown JC, Pollak M, Sorrentino A, Cartmel B, Harrigan M, Tolaney SM, Winer E, Ng K, Abrams T, Fuchs CS, Sanft T, Douglas PS, Hu F, Ligibel JA. Randomized Phase II Trial of Exercise, Metformin, or Both on Metabolic Biomarkers in Colorectal and Breast Cancer Survivors. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2019; 4:pkz096. [PMID: 32090192 PMCID: PMC7025659 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Observational data support inverse relationships between exercise or metformin use and disease outcomes in colorectal and breast cancer survivors, although the mechanisms underlying these associations are not well understood. Methods In a phase II trial, stage I–III colorectal and breast cancer survivors who completed standard therapy were randomly assigned to structured exercise or metformin or both or neither for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was change in fasting insulin levels; secondary outcomes included changes in other blood-based energetic biomarkers and anthropometric measurements. Analyses used linear mixed models. Results In total, 139 patients were randomly assigned; 91 (65%) completed follow-up assessments. Fasting insulin levels statistically significantly decreased in all three intervention arms (−2.47 μU/mL combination arm, −0.08 μU/mL exercise only, −1.16 μU/mL metformin only, + 2.79 μU/mL control arm). Compared with the control arm, all groups experienced statistically significant weight loss between baseline and 12 weeks (−1.8% combination arm, −0.22% exercise only, −1.0% metformin only, +1.55% control). The combination arm also experienced statistically significant improvements in the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (−30.6% combination arm, +61.2% control) and leptin (−42.2% combination arm, −0.8% control), compared with the control arm. The interventions did not change insulin-like growth factor–1 or insulin-like growth factor binding protein–3 measurements as compared with the control arm. Tolerance to metformin limited compliance (approximately 50% of the participants took at least 75% of the planned dosages in both treatment arms). Conclusions The combination of exercise and metformin statistically significantly improved insulin and associated metabolic markers, as compared to the control arm, with potential greater effect than either exercise or metformin alone though power limited formal synergy testing. Larger efforts are warranted to determine if such a combined modality intervention can improve outcomes in colorectal and breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melinda L Irwin
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Lee W Jones
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Sui Zhang
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Nancy Campbell
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Justin C Brown
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Michael Pollak
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | | | - Brenda Cartmel
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Maura Harrigan
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Sara M Tolaney
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Eric Winer
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Kimmie Ng
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Thomas Abrams
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Tara Sanft
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Pamela S Douglas
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Frank Hu
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
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Christensen JF, Sundberg A, Osterkamp J, Thorsen-Streit S, Nielsen AB, Olsen CK, Djurhuus SS, Simonsen C, Schauer T, Ellingsgaard H, Østerlind K, Krarup PM, Mosgaard C, Vistisen K, Tolver A, Pedersen BK, Hojman P. Interval Walking Improves Glycemic Control and Body Composition After Cancer Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:3701-3712. [PMID: 31220283 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with colorectal cancer have increased risk of metabolic diseases including diabetes. Exercise training may counteract metabolic dysregulation, but the impact of exercise training on glycemic control, including postprandial glycemia, has never been explored in patients with colorectal cancer. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of home-based interval walking on aerobic and metabolic fitness and quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Clinical research center. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-nine sedentary (<150 minutes moderate-intensity exercise per week) patients with stage I to III colorectal cancer who had completed primary treatment. INTERVENTION Home-based interval walking 150 min/wk or usual care for 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes from baseline to week 12 in maximum oxygen uptake (VO2peak) by cardiopulmonary exercise test, glycemic control by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan, blood biochemistry, and quality of life. RESULTS Compared with control, interval walking had no effect on VO2peak [mean between-group difference: -0.32 mL O2 · kg-1 · min-1 (-2.09 to 1.45); P = 0.721] but significantly improved postprandial glycemic control with lower glucose OGTT area under the curve [-126 mM · min (-219 to -33); P = 0.009], 2-hour glucose concentration [-1.1 mM (-2.2 to 0.0); P = 0.056], and improved Matsuda index [1.94 (0.34; 3.54); P = 0.01]. Also, interval walking counteracted an increase in fat mass in the control group [-1.47 kg (-2.74 to -0.19); P = 0.025]. CONCLUSION A home-based interval-walking program led to substantial improvements in postprandial glycemic control and counteracted fat gain in posttreatment patients with colorectal cancer, possibly providing an effective strategy for prevention of secondary metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper F Christensen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Sundberg
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Osterkamp
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anette B Nielsen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie K Olsen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sissal S Djurhuus
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper Simonsen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim Schauer
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helga Ellingsgaard
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kell Østerlind
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter-Martin Krarup
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Camilla Mosgaard
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Vistisen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anders Tolver
- Data Science Laboratory, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Hojman
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Oruç Z, Kaplan MA. Effect of exercise on colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:348-366. [PMID: 31139306 PMCID: PMC6522766 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i5.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, because of improved cancer screening, detection and treatment modalities, a rapid increase in the population of colorectal and other cancer survivors has been observed. The increasing population has justified the requirement of preventive strategies such as lifestyle modifications with regard to obesity, physical activity, diet and smoking. Physical activity may prevent approximately 15% of the colon cancers. Furthermore, several observational studies have demonstrated the efficacy and dose-dependent and anti-cancer effects of exercise on decreasing the mortality and risk of recurrence before and after the colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. However, the required exercise dose, type and intensity are yet unclear. The results of randomised prospective studies are expected to determine the optimal amount, type and intensity of exercise and formulate the most appropriate exercise plan and guidelines, according to the requirements and comorbidities of the patients. In addition, recent studies have focused on the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying the effect of physical activity on disease outcomes and recurrence rates. This review aimed to investigate the effects of physical activity and the biological basis of these effects in preventing the risk and recurrence of CRC and decreasing the hazards of cancer and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Oruç
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mersin City Hospital, Mersin 33000, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Ali Kaplan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır 21280, Turkey
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Kim JY, Lee MK, Lee DH, Kang DW, Min JH, Lee JW, Chu SH, Cho MS, Kim NK, Jeon JY. Effects of a 12-week home-based exercise program on quality of life, psychological health, and the level of physical activity in colorectal cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer 2018; 27:2933-2940. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Mortality from colorectal cancer has been declining over the past 20 years due to improvements in screening and treatment. Physical activity improves patient quality of life, slows functional decline, and reduces all-cause mortality. Although some patients may have difficulty participating in physical activity, clinicians should always try to incorporate exercise into a management plan for patients who have survived colorectal cancer.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an up-to-date overview of the evidence relating to how physical inactivity ameliorates cancer-related fatigue. A summary of the postulated biological mechanisms underpinning the relationship is presented. RECENT FINDINGS Systematic reviews and meta-analyses synthesising the results of randomised controlled trials of physical activity interventions to reduce fatigue broadly conclude that aerobic and combination exercise may be the most helpful, while resistance training alone is less efficacious. Further, light- and moderate-intensity physical activity interventions appeared to reduce fatigue, whereas vigorous-intensity activity may exacerbate the condition. Physical activity interventions result in greater reductions in cancer-related fatigue when delivered post-treatment. Biological mechanisms that may explain how physical activity can improve different elements of cancer-related fatigue include inflammation; the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and circadian rhythm dysregulation; serotonin dysregulation; and alterations in ATP and muscle metabolism. Physical activity is well tolerated by cancer survivors and results in modest improvements in cancer-related fatigue. Much of the research in this field has been from small-scale feasibility trials. In order to help clinicians and allied health professionals tailor exercise prescriptions to individual needs, further research is required. New trials in this field should implement rigorous inclusion criteria, be fully powered to detect effects in sub-group analyses, incorporate multiple sites, and have well-defined control conditions. There is also a need to better understand how physical activity affects different subtypes of cancer-related fatigue.
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Berkman AM, Gilchrist SC. Behavioral Change Strategies to Improve Physical Activity After Cancer Treatment. REHABILITATION ONCOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/01.reo.0000000000000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dietary and Physical Activity Interventions for Colorectal Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5731. [PMID: 29636539 PMCID: PMC5893594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been evidence on the protective effects of diets high in fiber and low in red and processed meat (RPM), and physical activity (PA) against colorectal cancer (CRC) development, but that against CRC recurrence has been limited. This study evaluated the efficacy of a behavioral program comprising dietary and PA interventions in improving Chinese CRC survivors’ lifestyle. A 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial of 223 CRC patients (82 females, mean age 65), randomly assigned to receive dietary, PA or both interventions, or usual care for 12 months, and assessed every 6 months for 24 months. Primary outcomes included two dietary and two PA targets. Secondary outcomes included changes in dietary consumptions and PA levels. Dietary interventions significantly increased the odds of achieving the targets of consuming less RPM at all time-points (OR 3.22–4.57, all p < 0.01) and refined grain (RG) at months 6 (OR 3.13, p = 0.002) and 24 (OR 2.19, p = 0.039), and reduced RPM (2.49–3.48 servings/week, all p < 0.01) and RG (0.31–0.5 servings/day, all p < 0.01) consumptions. Patients receiving PA interventions potentially spent more time on moderate-to-vigorous PA. This study demonstrated the efficacy of a behavioral program in improving dietary habits of Chinese CRC survivors.
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Reis AD, Pereira PTVT, Diniz RR, de Castro Filha JGL, Dos Santos AM, Ramallo BT, Filho FAA, Navarro F, Garcia JBS. Effect of exercise on pain and functional capacity in breast cancer patients. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2018; 16:58. [PMID: 29625622 PMCID: PMC5889570 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-018-0882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the influence of combined training on pain, fatigue, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), body mass index (BMI), flexibility, and strength in patients with breast cancer. METHODS A controlled pilot study with 28 patients undergoing chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and clinical observation in a renowned cancer treatment center; the patients were aged from 30 to 59 years old and were not engaged in physical training for three months previously. The Study Group (SG) underwent 12 weeks of training, including three 60-min sessions of aerobic exercise and resistance training, and two sessions of flexibility training per week; each flexibility exercise lasted 20 s and was performed in sets of three repetitions. The Control Group (CG) received only the standard hospital treatment. Participants were evaluated at the beginning of the study to establish a baseline and reevaluated at the end of 12 weeks. RESULTS Patients in the SG showed a significant decrease in total pain points (p = 0.0047), pain intensity (p = 0.0082), and the extent to which pain interfered with their daily life (p = 0.0047). There was an increase in maximum oxygen uptake (p = 0.0001), flexibility (p = 0.0001), and strength on both sides (right p = 0.0001 and left p = 0.0008). No significant differences were observed in fatigue (p = 0.0953) or BMI (p = 0.6088). CONCLUSION Combined training was effective in decreasing pain and increasing VO2 max, flexibility and static strength in patients with breast cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03061773 . Registered on February 19, 2017, 'retrospectively registered'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Dias Reis
- Post-Graduate Program in Adult and Child Health, Federal University of Maranhão (Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA), unit 203, street 4, n° 8, Cidade Operária, São Luis, MA, Brazil.
| | - Paula Tamara Vieira Teixeira Pereira
- Post-Graduate Program in Adult and Child Health, Federal University of Maranhão (Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA), unit 203, street 4, n° 8, Cidade Operária, São Luis, MA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alcione Miranda Dos Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA), São Luís, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Collective Health (Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco Navarro
- Post-Graduate Program in Adult and Child Health, Federal University of Maranhão (Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA), unit 203, street 4, n° 8, Cidade Operária, São Luis, MA, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education (Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - João Batista Santos Garcia
- Post-Graduate Program in Adult and Child Health, Federal University of Maranhão (Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA), unit 203, street 4, n° 8, Cidade Operária, São Luis, MA, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
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Banck-Petersen A, Olsen CK, Djurhuus SS, Herrstedt A, Thorsen-Streit S, Ried-Larsen M, Østerlind K, Osterkamp J, Krarup PM, Vistisen K, Mosgaard CS, Pedersen BK, Højman P, Christensen JF. The "Interval Walking in Colorectal Cancer" (I-WALK-CRC) study: Design, methods and recruitment results of a randomized controlled feasibility trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2018; 9:143-150. [PMID: 29696237 PMCID: PMC5898567 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low physical activity level is associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). To increase physical activity, technology-based platforms are emerging and provide intriguing opportunities to prescribe and monitor active lifestyle interventions. The “Interval Walking in Colorectal Cancer“(I-WALK-CRC) study explores the feasibility and efficacy a home-based interval-walking intervention delivered by a smart-phone application in order to improve cardio-metabolic health profile among CRC survivors. The aim of the present report is to describe the design, methods and recruitment results of the I-WALK-CRC study. Methods/Results: The I-WALK-CRC study is a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a home-based interval walking intervention compared to a waiting-list control group for physiological and patient-reported outcomes. Patients who had completed surgery for local stage disease and patients who had completed surgery and any adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced stage disease were eligible for inclusion. Between October 1st, 2015, and February 1st, 2017, 136 inquiries were recorded; 83 patients were eligible for enrollment, and 42 patients accepted participation. Age and employment status were associated with participation, as participants were significantly younger (60.5 vs 70.8 years, P < 0.001) and more likely to be working (OR 5.04; 95%CI 1.96–12.98, P < 0.001) than non-participants. Conclusion In the present study, recruitment of CRC survivors was feasible but we aim to better the recruitment rate in future studies. Further, the study clearly favored younger participants. The I-WALK-CRC study will provide important information regarding feasibility and efficacy of a home-based walking exercise program in CRC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Banck-Petersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM /CFAS), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie K Olsen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM /CFAS), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sissal S Djurhuus
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM /CFAS), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anita Herrstedt
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM /CFAS), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Thorsen-Streit
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM /CFAS), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias Ried-Larsen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM /CFAS), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kell Østerlind
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Osterkamp
- Department of Gastro-Intestinal Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Denmark
| | - Peter-Martin Krarup
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Vistisen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Camilla S Mosgaard
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM /CFAS), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Højman
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM /CFAS), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper F Christensen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM /CFAS), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Devin JL, Jenkins DG, Sax AT, Hughes GI, Aitken JF, Chambers SK, Dunn JC, Bolam KA, Skinner TL. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition Responses to Different Intensities and Frequencies of Exercise Training in Colorectal Cancer Survivors. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2018; 17:e269-e279. [PMID: 29397328 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deteriorations in cardiorespiratory fitness (V˙o2peak) and body composition are associated with poor prognosis after colorectal cancer treatment. However, the optimal intensity and frequency of aerobic exercise training to improve these outcomes in colorectal cancer survivors is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS This trial compared 8 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE; 50 minutes; 70% peak heart rate [HRpeak]; 24 sessions), with high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE; 4 × 4 minutes; 85%-95% HRpeak) at an equivalent (HIIE; 24 sessions) and tapered frequency (HIIE-T; 16 sessions) on V˙o2peak and on lean and fat mass, measured at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. RESULTS Increases in V˙o2peak were significantly greater after both 4 (+3.0 mL·kg-1·min-1, P = .008) and 8 (+2.3 mL·kg-1·min-1, P = .049) weeks of HIIE compared to MICE. After 8 weeks, there was a significantly greater reduction in fat mass after HIIE compared to MICE (-0.7 kg, P = .038). Four weeks after training, the HIIE group maintained elevated V˙o2peak (+3.3 mL·kg-1·min-1, P = .006) and reduced fat mass (-0.7 kg, P = .045) compared to the MICE group, with V˙o2peak in the HIIE-T also being superior to the MICE group (+2.8 mL·kg-1·min-1, P = .013). CONCLUSION Compared to MICE, HIIE promotes superior improvements and short-term maintenance of V˙o2peak and fat mass improvements. HIIE training at a reduced frequency also promotes maintainable cardiorespiratory fitness improvements. In addition to promoting accelerated and superior benefits to the current aerobic exercise guidelines, HIIE promotes clinically relevant improvements even with a substantial reduction in exercise training and for a period after withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Devin
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - David G Jenkins
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew T Sax
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gareth I Hughes
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joanne F Aitken
- Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Darling Heights, QLD, Australia
| | - Suzanne K Chambers
- Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Darling Heights, QLD, Australia; Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Health and Wellness Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jeffrey C Dunn
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Darling Heights, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate A Bolam
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tina L Skinner
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Brown JC, Rickels MR, Troxel AB, Zemel BS, Damjanov N, Ky B, Rhim AD, Rustgi AK, Courneya KS, Schmitz KH. Dose-response effects of exercise on insulin among colon cancer survivors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:11-19. [PMID: 29018055 PMCID: PMC5736434 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity is associated with a lower risk of disease recurrence among colon cancer survivors. The pathways through which physical activity may alter disease outcomes are unknown, but may include changes in metabolic growth factors, such as insulin. Between January 2015 and August 2015, 39 stage I-III colon cancer survivors were randomized to one of the three groups: usual care control, 150 min/week of aerobic exercise (low-dose) and 300 min/week of aerobic exercise (high-dose) for six months. The pre-specified key metabolic growth factor outcome was fasting insulin. Insulin resistance was quantified using the homeostatic model assessment. Mean age was 56.5 ± 10.0 years, 51% had stage III disease, 72% were treated with chemotherapy and the mean time since finishing treatment was 10.9 ± 6.1 months. Over six months, the low-dose group completed 141.5 ± 9.9 min/week of aerobic exercise, and the high-dose group completed 247.2 ± 10.7 min/week of aerobic exercise. Fasting insulin concentrations decreased 7.4 ± 9.4 pmol/L in the control group, 28.0 ± 8.3 pmol/L in the low-dose group and 20.7 ± 9.3 pmol/L in the high-dose group (nonlinear Ptrend = 0.042). Insulin resistance decreased 0.11 ± 0.20 in the control group, 0.63 ± 0.17 in the low-dose group and 0.43 ± 0.19 in the high-dose group (nonlinear Ptrend = 0.012). Aerobic exercise reduces insulin concentrations and insulin resistance among patients with stage I-III colon cancer. Prescribing 150 min/week of aerobic exercise may be sufficient for reducing insulin concentrations and insulin resistance, which may partially mediate the relationship between physical activity and colon cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Babette S Zemel
- University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Childrens Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Bonnie Ky
- University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Anil K Rustgi
- University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Yosry A, Omran D, Yousef M, Salah M, Omar H, Hamdy S, Shaker O, Elsherif Y, Marie MS. SNPs in the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Gene and Obesity Impact on Colorectal Cancer in Egyptians. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2959-2964. [PMID: 29172265 PMCID: PMC5773777 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.11.2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: The insulin pathway may play a role in development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we investigated associations between CRC and obesity in Egyptians with reference to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) gene. We also studied serum levels of IGF-1in Egyptian CRC patients with different BMI values. Methods: This prospective study included 66 CRC patients and 30 healthy individuals, for whom body mass index (BMI) was estimated, patients and controls being categorized into overweight or obese in one group and average weight in the other. Serum levels of IGF-1 were assessed by ELISA and SNPs in the IGF-I gene at rs6214C/T, rs6220 T/C and rs35767 C/T were examined by PCR- RFLP. Results: Serum levels of IGF-1 were significantly lower in both CRC average weight and overweight cases. IGF-1 could negatively predict CRC at a cut-off of 154 ng/ml with 87.5% sensitivity and 72.6 specificity. IGF-1 rs6214 CT and TT (T allele) genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of CRC. Univariate logistic regression showed that CRC risk significantly decreases by 0.14 for each one unit increase in IGF1. Conclusion: BMI could be considered as effect modifier for CRC risk. IGF-1 SNP rs6214 (TT and CT) are significantly associated with risk regardless of the BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Yosry
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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A prospective, multicenter pilot study to investigate the feasibility and safety of a 1-year controlled exercise training after adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 2017; 26:1345-1352. [PMID: 29168033 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-017-3961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite advances in adjuvant chemotherapy, 20-30% of patients in stages II-III colorectal cancer will eventually relapse. Observational studies showed a reduction in relapse rate, colon cancer-specific mortality, and overall mortality by physical activity. Results from prospective randomized interventional studies to confirm these observational data are lacking. The aims of this prospective single-arm multicenter pilot study are to evaluate feasibility and safety of exercise training after adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS The training was performed three times per week for 1 year and was increased gradually in three phases until reaching 18 metabolic equivalent task hours per week. RESULTS Overall, 30 patients were included. The planned training intensity could be achieved in all three phases. Patients experienced a performance increase of median 35.5 watt, a weight-loss of a median of 3.0 kg, and a reduction in body fat content of median 1.0% during this exercise training. The analysis showed early study termination due to non-compliance in 10/30 patients (33.3%), disease progression in 4 patients (13.3%), and serious adverse events in 2 patients (6.7%). About half of patients (46.7%) completed the pilot study as planned. Biomarker analysis from 20 patients showed a non-significant reduction in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGF-BP3) levels, significant increases in adiponectin and leptin levels, and a non-significant increase in C-peptide levels. CONCLUSION Exercise training is feasible in patients with colorectal cancer after completion of adjuvant chemotherapy. The main problem encountered during the study was compliance. To improve compliance of exercise training, several measures were adapted for the upcoming prospective randomized ABCSG C08 Exercise II study.
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Askari B, Bijeh N, Rashid Lamir A. Effects of 8 Weeks of Resistance Training and IGF-1 Injection on Biochemical Markers of Cancer and Colorectal Structures in Rats. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.11.6.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Lee MK, Kim JY, Kim DI, Kang DW, Park JH, Ahn KY, Yang HI, Lee DH, Roh YH, Lee JW, Chu SH, Meyerhardt JA, Jones LW, Kim NK, Jeon JY. Effect of home-based exercise intervention on fasting insulin and Adipocytokines in colorectal cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. Metabolism 2017; 76:23-31. [PMID: 28987237 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Elevated circulating insulin is associated with increased risk of recurrence and cancer mortality in early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC). We conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of a 12-week home-based exercise program on fasting insulin, adipocytokines, and physical function in CRC survivors. METHODS One hundred and twenty-three stage II-III CRC patients were randomly assigned to either a home-based exercise (n=62) or standard care control group (n=61) for 12weeks. Home-based exercise consisted of aerobic and resistance training, with a goal of obtaining ≥18 metabolic equivalent task (MET)-h/wk. Participants in the exercise group were instructed to participate in >18MET-h/wk. of aerobic and resistance exercise while the participants in the control group were asked to maintain their usual daily activity. The primary outcome was fasting insulin levels. Secondary outcomes were adiponectin, TNF-α levels and 6min walk distance from baseline to post-intervention. RESULTS After the 12-weeks, moderate-vigorous physical activity participation increased from 9.1±14.7MET-h/wk. to 26.6±21.7MET-h/wk. in the exercise group, with no change in the control group (p<0.01 for group and time interaction). Circulating insulin level decreased by 1μU/ml (6.0±3.9 vs. 5.0±3.5, p=0.009) in the exercise group with no change in the control group (p=0.022 for group and time interaction). A similar trend was observed in TNF-α (p=0.030 for group and time interaction). Six minute walk distance increased by 25.2m in the exercise group with no change in the control group (p=0.061 for group and time interaction). CONCLUSIONS The 12week home-based exercise program increased level of physical activity and decreased circulating insulin levels in CRC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Lee
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Exercise Medicine and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea; Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, ICONS, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Exercise Medicine and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Exercise Medicine and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Kang
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Exercise Medicine and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ji-Hye Park
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Exercise Medicine and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Yong Ahn
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Exercise Medicine and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk In Yang
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Exercise Medicine and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Exercise Medicine and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yun Ho Roh
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hui Chu
- Department of Clinical Nursing Science, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Nursing Policy Research Institute, Biobehavioural Research Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee W Jones
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nam-Kyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, ICONS, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea; Cancer Prevention Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Justin Y Jeon
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Exercise Medicine and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea; Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, ICONS, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea; Cancer Prevention Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Hirschey R, Lipkus I, Jones L, Mantyh C, Sloane R, Demark-Wahnefried W. Message Framing and Physical Activity Promotion in Colorectal Cancer Survivors. Oncol Nurs Forum 2017; 43:697-705. [PMID: 27768135 DOI: 10.1188/16.onf.43-06ap] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To test effects of gain-framed versus loss-framed mailed brochures on increasing physical activity (PA) among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors.
. DESIGN Randomized trial with repeated measures at baseline, 1 month, and 12 months postintervention.
. SETTING Mail recruitment from tumor registries.
. SAMPLE 148 inactive CRC survivors who had completed primary therapy.
. METHODS PA and constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) were assessed at baseline, 1 month, and 12 months. Participants were randomized to receive pamphlets describing PA benefits (gain framed) or disadvantages of not being physically active (loss framed). Baseline characteristics were compared using descriptive statistics. Repeated measures linear models were used to test PA changes.
. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Minutes of PA and TPB constructs.
. FINDINGS Significant PA increases were observed in both study arms. Results did not differ by message frame. At one month, about 25% of previously inactive participants increased activity to national recommendations. Those who increased PA compared to those who did not had higher baseline scores on subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and PA intentions.
. CONCLUSIONS Independent of message framing, mailed brochures are highly effective in producing within-subject short- and long-term increases in PA.
. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING CRC survivors may increase short- and long-term levels of PA by receiving inexpensive print brochures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lee Jones
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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Cheng KKF, Lim YTE, Koh ZM, Tam WWS. Home-based multidimensional survivorship programmes for breast cancer survivors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 8:CD011152. [PMID: 28836379 PMCID: PMC6483678 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011152.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis and survival rate of women with breast cancer have significantly improved worldwide. Effective home-based multidimensional programmes for breast cancer survivors have gained an ever greater emphasis in survivorship care to maximise women's quality of life for their successful transition to rehabilitation and normal life. It is important to summarise the best available evidence to evaluate the effects of home-based multidimensional survivorship programmes on quality of life in women within 10 years of the completion of surgery or adjuvant cancer therapy for breast cancer, or both. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of home-based, multidimensional survivorship (HBMS) programmes on maintaining or improving the quality of life in breast cancer survivors. SEARCH METHODS In April 2016 we searched the Cochrane Breast Cancer Specialised Register, CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP) and ClinicalTrials.gov. We also screened reference lists of all identified studies and contacted study authors. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs assessing the effects of HBMS programmes in maintaining or improving quality of life in women with stages 0 to 3 breast cancer who completed primary cancer treatment (surgery or adjuvant cancer therapy, or both) up to 10 years earlier. We considered studies where the interventions included more than one of the following listed components: educational (such as information provision and self-management advice), physical (such as exercise training and resistance training) and psychological (such as counselling and cognitive therapies), to constitute a multidimensional programme. Interventions had to be allowed to be carried out at home. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed eligible studies for inclusion, and performed quality assessment and extracted relevant data of the included studies. Quality of life was the primary outcome of the review. MAIN RESULTS We included 22 RCTs and four quasi-RCTs on 2272 participants. We categorised the intervention components into four groups: educational and psychological; educational and physical; physical and psychological; and educational, physical and psychological. Most of the studies used usual care (routine medical follow-up services) as the comparator. A few studies used a lower level or different type of intervention (e.g. stress management or exercise) or attention control as the comparator.We used the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT B), European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life C30 (EORTC C30), Quality of Life (QoL) Breast Cancer, and SF36 questionnaires to assess quality of life. HBMS programmes may increase breast cancer-specific quality of life and global quality of life immediately after the intervention, as measured by FACT-B and EORTC C30 (FACT-B: mean difference (MD) 4.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.33 to 6.78, 7 studies, 764 participants; EORTC: MD 4.38, 95% CI 0.11 to 8.64, 6 studies; 299 participants; moderate-quality evidence). There was no evidence of a difference in quality of life as measured by QoL-Breast Cancer or SF-36 (QoL-Breast Cancer: MD 0.42, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.85, 2 studies, 111 participants, very low-quality evidence; physical composite score SF36: MD 0.55, 95% CI -3.52 to 4.63, 2 studies, 308 participants, low-quality evidence).We observed a similar pattern at one to three months after the intervention: FACT-B (MD 6.10, 95% CI 2.48 to 9.72, 2 studies, 426 participants), EORTC-C30 (MD 6.32, 95% CI 0.61 to 12.04, 2 studies; 172 participants) and QoL-Breast Cancer (MD 0.45, 95% CI -0.19 to 1.09, 1 study, 61 participants). At four to six months and 12 months, there was no evidence of a difference in quality of life between groups (four to six months: EORTC - MD 0.08, 95% CI -7.28 to 7.44, 2 studies; 117 participants; SF-36 - MD -1.05, 95% CI -5.60 to 3.51, 2 studies, 308 participants; 12 months: EORTC - MD 2.04, 95% CI -9.91 to 13.99, 1 study; 57 participants).Functional status was incorporated into the quality of life subscale findings. HBMS programmes may decrease anxiety (MD of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) -1.01, 95% CI -1.94 to -0.08, 5 studies, 253 participants, low-quality evidence) compared to control immediately after the intervention but the effect did not persist at four to six months. There was no evidence of improvements in depression immediately after HBMS (MD of HADS -1.36, 95% CI -2.94 to 0.22, 4 studies, 213 participants, low-quality evidence) or at follow-up. HBMS programmes may also decrease fatigue (MD -1.11, 95% CI -1.78 to -0.45, 3 studies, 127 participants; low-quality evidence) and insomnia (MD -1.81, 95% CI -3.34 to -0.27, 3 studies, 185 participants, low-quality evidence).None of the included studies reported service needs and utilisation and cost of care, and therefore the effect of HBMS programmes on healthcare utilisation and cost is unknown. Due to the variations in assessment methods of adherence among the eight studies, we could not combine the results for meta-analysis. We synthesised the results narratively, with the reported adherence rates of 58% to 100%. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that HBMS programmes in breast cancer survivors appear to have a short-term beneficial effect of improving breast cancer-specific quality of life and global quality of life as measured by FACT-B and EORTC-C30, respectively. In addition, HBMS programmes are associated with a reduction in anxiety, fatigue and insomnia immediately after the intervention. We assessed the quality of evidence across studies as moderate for some outcomes, meaning that we are fairly confident about the results, while we assessed other outcomes as being low-quality, meaning that we are uncertain about the result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karis Kin Fong Cheng
- National University of Singapore, National University Health SystemAlice Lee Centre for Nursing StudiesSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yee Ting Ethel Lim
- National University of Singapore, National University Health SystemAlice Lee Centre for Nursing StudiesSingaporeSingapore
| | - Zhi Min Koh
- National University of Singapore, National University Health SystemAlice Lee Centre for Nursing StudiesSingaporeSingapore
| | - Wilson Wai San Tam
- National University of Singapore, National University Health SystemAlice Lee Centre for Nursing StudiesSingaporeSingapore
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Epidemiology and biology of physical activity and cancer recurrence. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1029-1041. [PMID: 28620703 PMCID: PMC5613065 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity is emerging from epidemiologic research as a lifestyle factor that may improve survival from colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. However, there is considerably less evidence relating physical activity to cancer recurrence and the biologic mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Cancer patients are surviving longer than ever before, and fear of cancer recurrence is an important concern. Herein, we provide an overview of the current epidemiologic evidence relating physical activity to cancer recurrence. We review the biologic mechanisms most commonly researched in the context of physical activity and cancer outcomes, and, using the example of colorectal cancer, we explore hypothesized mechanisms through which physical activity might intervene in the colorectal recurrence pathway. Our review highlights the importance of considering pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis activity, as well as cancer stage and timing of recurrence, in epidemiologic studies. In addition, more epidemiologic research is needed with cancer recurrence as a consistently defined outcome studied separately from survival. Future mechanistic research using randomized controlled trials, specifically those demonstrating the exercise responsiveness of hypothesized mechanisms in early stages of carcinogenesis, are needed to inform recommendations about when to exercise and to anticipate additive or synergistic effects with other preventive behaviors or treatments.
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Onerup A, Angenete E, Bock D, Börjesson M, Fagevik Olsén M, Grybäck Gillheimer E, Skullman S, Thörn SE, Haglind E, Nilsson H. The effect of pre- and post-operative physical activity on recovery after colorectal cancer surgery (PHYSSURG-C): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:212. [PMID: 28482864 PMCID: PMC5422966 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-1949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Surgery for colorectal cancer is associated with a high risk of post-operative adverse events, re-operations and a prolonged post-operative recovery. Previously, the effect of prehabilitation (pre-operative physical activity) has been studied for different types of surgery, including colorectal surgery. However, the trials on colorectal surgery have been of limited methodological quality and size. The aim of this trial is to compare the effect of a combined pre- and post-operative intervention of moderate aerobic physical activity and inspiratory muscle training (IMT) with standard care on post-operative recovery after surgery for colorectal cancer. Methods/design We are conducting a randomised, controlled, parallel-group, open-label, multi-centre trial with physical recovery within 4 weeks after cancer surgery as the primary endpoint. Some 640 patients planned for surgery for colorectal cancer will be enrolled. The intervention consists of pre- and post-operative physical activity with increased daily aerobic activity of moderate intensity as well as IMT. In the control group, patients will be advised to continue their normal daily exercise routine. The primary outcome is patient-reported physical recovery 4 weeks post-operatively. Secondary outcomes are length of sick leave, complication rate and severity, length of hospital stay, re-admittances, re-operations, post-operative mental recovery, quality of life and mortality, as well as changes in insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, perception of pain and a health economic analysis. Discussion An increase in moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity is a safe, cheap and feasible intervention that would be possible to implement in standard care for patients with colorectal cancer. If shown to be effective, this lifestyle intervention could be a clinical parallel to pre-operative smoke cessation that has already been implemented with good clinical results. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02299596. Registered on 17 November 2014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1949-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Onerup
- Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group (SSORG), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Eva Angenete
- Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group (SSORG), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Bock
- Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group (SSORG), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monika Fagevik Olsén
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Physical Therapy and Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elin Grybäck Gillheimer
- Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group (SSORG), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Sven-Egron Thörn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Haglind
- Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group (SSORG), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Nilsson
- Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group (SSORG), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abstract
Obesity may contribute to development and recurrence of cancer, as well as cancer-related and all-cause mortality. This risk factor is also among the most preventable causes of cancer. This article describes current evidence-based guidelines for weight management and physical activity for cancer survivors. The authors also discuss practical interventions to help survivors undertake behavioral changes to manage their weight.
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Vitamin D and Physical Activity in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiological Evidence and Therapeutic Implications. Cancer J 2017; 22:223-31. [PMID: 27341603 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality in the United States. Notwithstanding major improvements in the early detection and treatment of CRC, an important proportion of patients who received a diagnosis of localized disease ultimately have a recurrence and die, underscoring the need of new therapeutic approaches. Vitamin D and physical activity (PA) have emerged as 2 potential interventions for both prevention and treatment of CRC. Plausible biological mechanisms have been described for the antineoplastic effects of vitamin D and PA, and a wealth of epidemiological evidence indicates that 25(OH)D (the main circulating form of vitamin D) and PA levels are inversely associated with CRC risk. Recent efforts have now focused on the role of vitamin D and PA as adjunct treatments after a CRC diagnosis. Observational studies evaluating prediagnosis and postdiagnosis circulating 25(OH)D levels among patients with CRC of all stages have found that subjects with levels in the highest quantiles have improved overall and CRC-specific survival compared with those with levels in the lowest quantiles. Similarly, prospective studies of PA have found that higher levels of postdiagnosis PA are associated with lower overall and CRC-specific mortality in patients with nonmetastatic CRC. Meta-analyses of the observational studies of 25(OH)D and postdiagnosis PA have confirmed significant protective associations against overall and CRC-specific mortality, as well as significant dose-response relationships. No randomized controlled trial of vitamin D or PA using survival outcomes as endpoints has been completed to date. Two randomized, placebo-controlled trials of vitamin D in patients with metastatic CRC assessing patient survival as an endpoint are underway: the first is a phase II trial comparing high-dose vitamin D3 (8000 IU/d for 2 weeks followed by 4000 IU/d) versus standard dose (400 IU/d), and the second is a phase I-II trial comparing customized oral doses of vitamin D3 titrated to raise serum 25(OH)D levels to 80 to 100 ng/mL versus 2000 IU/d. For PA, the ongoing phase III CHALLENGE (Colon Health and Life-Long Exercise Change) study is the first randomized controlled trial using survival as an endpoint among patients with stage II-III colon cancer. The results of these trials will pave the way to more conclusive phase III trials that will provide more definitive answers about the role of these interventions in the treatment of CRC. Lastly, the advent of genomic technologies will allow identifying molecular signatures in CRC associated with improved response to vitamin D and PA and will usher in a precision medicine approach to these therapies.
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Toohey K, Pumpa KL, Arnolda L, Cooke J, Yip D, Craft PS, Semple S. A pilot study examining the effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training and continuous low to moderate intensity training on quality of life, functional capacity and cardiovascular risk factors in cancer survivors. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2613. [PMID: 27781180 PMCID: PMC5075690 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training and continuous low to moderate intensity training on quality of life, functional capacity and cardiovascular disease risk factors in cancer survivors. Methods Cancer survivors within 24 months post-diagnosis were randomly assigned into the low-volume high-intensity interval training group (n = 8) or the continuous low to moderate intensity training group (n = 8) group for 36 sessions (12 weeks) of supervised exercise. The low-volume high-intensity interval training (LVHIIT) group performed 7 × 30 s intervals (≥85% maximal heart rate) and the continuous low to moderate intensity training (CLMIT) group performed continuous aerobic training for 20 min (≤55% maximal heart rate) on a stationary bike or treadmill. Results Significant improvements (time) were observed for 13 of the 23 dependent variables (ES 0.05–0.61, p ≤ 0.05). An interaction effect was observed for six minute walk test (18.53% [32.43–4.63] ES 0.50, p ≤ 0.01) with the LVHIIT group demonstrating greater improvements. Conclusion These preliminary findings suggest that both interventions can induce improvements in quality of life, functional capacity and selected cardiovascular disease risk factors. The LVHIIT program was well tolerated by the participants and our results suggest that LVHIIT is the preferred modality to improve fitness (6MWT); it remains to be seen which intervention elicits the most clinically relevant outcomes for patients. A larger sample size with a control group is required to confirm the significance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie Toohey
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kate L Pumpa
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Leonard Arnolda
- ANU Medical School, Australian National University , Canberra , ACT , Australia
| | - Julie Cooke
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Desmond Yip
- ANU Medical School, Australian National University , Canberra , ACT , Australia
| | - Paul S Craft
- ANU Medical School, Australian National University , Canberra , ACT , Australia
| | - Stuart Semple
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Hubbard G, O'Carroll R, Munro J, Mutrie N, Haw S, Mason H, Treweek S. The feasibility and acceptability of trial procedures for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial of a structured physical activity intervention for people diagnosed with colorectal cancer: findings from a pilot trial of cardiac rehabilitation versus usual care (no rehabilitation) with an embedded qualitative study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2016; 2:51. [PMID: 27965868 PMCID: PMC5153896 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-016-0090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pilot and feasibility work is conducted to evaluate the operational feasibility and acceptability of the intervention itself and the feasibility and acceptability of a trials’ protocol design. The Cardiac Rehabilitation In Bowel cancer (CRIB) study was a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) of cardiac rehabilitation versus usual care (no rehabilitation) for post-surgical colorectal cancer patients. A key aim of the pilot trial was to test the feasibility and acceptability of the protocol design. Methods A pilot RCT with embedded qualitative work was conducted in three sites. Participants were randomly allocated to cardiac rehabilitation or usual care groups. Outcomes used to assess the feasibility and acceptability of key trial parameters were screening, eligibility, consent, randomisation, adverse events, retention, completion, missing data, and intervention adherence rates. Colorectal patients’ and clinicians’ perceptions and experiences of the main trial procedures were explored by interview. Results Quantitative study. Three sites were involved. Screening, eligibility, consent, and retention rates were 79 % (156/198), 67 % (133/198), 31 % (41/133), and 93 % (38/41), respectively. Questionnaire completion rates were 97.5 % (40/41), 75 % (31/41), and 61 % (25/41) at baseline, follow-up 1, and follow-up 2, respectively. Sixty-nine percent (40) of accelerometer datasets were collected from participants; 31 % (20) were removed for not meeting wear-time validation. Qualitative study: Thirty-eight patients and eight clinicians participated. Key themes were benefits for people with colorectal cancer attending cardiac rehabilitation, barriers for people with colorectal cancer attending cardiac rehabilitation, generic versus disease-specific rehabilitation, key concerns about including people with cancer in cardiac rehabilitation, and barriers to involvement in a study about cardiac rehabilitation. Conclusions The study highlights where threats to internal and external validity are likely to arise in any future studies of similar structured physical activity interventions for colorectal cancer patients using similar methods being conducted in similar contexts. This study shows that there is likely to be potential recruitment bias and potential imprecision due to sub-optimal completion of outcome measures, missing data, and sub-optimal intervention adherence. Hence, strategies to manage these risks should be developed to stack the odds in favour of conducting successful future trials. Trial registration ISRCTN63510637
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Affiliation(s)
- Gill Hubbard
- School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Highland Campus, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH UK
| | - Ronan O'Carroll
- Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA UK
| | - Julie Munro
- Centre for Health Science, School of Health Science, University of Stirling, Highland Campus, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH UK
| | - Nanette Mutrie
- Moray House School of Education, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ UK
| | - Sally Haw
- School of Health Science, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA UK
| | - Helen Mason
- Helen Mason, Yunus Centre in Social Business and Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA UK
| | - Shaun Treweek
- Shaun Treweek, Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
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