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Loss of smell in lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: Prevalence and relationship with food habit changes. Lung Cancer 2023; 177:29-36. [PMID: 36701841 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapies exhibit a series of adverse side effects including smell and taste alterations, which can have a significant impact on their food behavior and quality of life. Particularly, olfactory alterations are often underestimated, although declared as frequent by cancer patients. In the present study, we set out to examine loss of smell in lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and its relationship to food habits. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-four bronchial cancer patients receiving cisplatin and 44 controls age and gender matched participants were tested for olfactory and gustatory functions using the European Test of Olfactory Capabilities and the Taste Strips test. Participants reported their food and dietary habits by filling a self-administered questionnaire. Patients were tested under two different sessions: i) before the beginning of the treatment, and ii) 6 weeks later, after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Controls were tested under the same protocol with two sessions separated by 6 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results highlighted decreased smell and taste abilities in almost half of the lung patients' group even before the exposition to Cisplatin. On a perceptual level, patients rated typical food odors as less edible compared to controls. Moreover, within the patients' group, hyposmics reported using more condiments, possibly as a compensatory mechanism to their decreased sensory abilities. Taken together, these findings showed that loss of smell is prevalent in lung cancer patients and is related to changes in dietary practices including seasoning. Future studies will provide a better understanding of these sensory compensation mechanisms associated with olfactory loss and their effects on food pleasure in this patient population.
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2
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Ruiz-Ceamanos A, Spence C, Navarra J. Individual Differences in Chemosensory Perception Amongst Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Narrative Review. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:1927-1941. [PMID: 35102800 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.2000625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an aggressive form of treatment for cancer and its toxicity directly affects the eating behavior of many patients, usually by adversely affecting their sense of smell and/or taste. These sensory alterations often lead to serious nutritional deficiencies that can jeopardize the patient's recovery, and even continue to affect their lives once treatment has terminated. Importantly, however, not all patients suffer from such alterations to their chemical senses; and those who do, do not necessarily describe the side effects in quite the same way, nor suffer from them with equal intensity. The origin of these individual differences between cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment has not, as yet, been studied in detail. This review is therefore designed to encourage future research that can help to address the perceptual/sensory problems (and the consequent malnutrition) identified amongst this group of patients in a more customized/personalized manner. In particular, by providing an overview of the possible causes of these large individual differences that have been reported in the literature. For this reason, in addition to the narrative bibliographic review, several possible strategies that could help to improve the chemosensory perception of food are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ruiz-Ceamanos
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CETT-UB, Barcelona School of Tourism, Hospitality and Gastronomy, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charles Spence
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jordi Navarra
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Spencer AS, da Silva Dias D, Capelas ML, Pimentel F, Santos T, Neves PM, Mäkitie A, Ravasco P. Managing Severe Dysgeusia and Dysosmia in Lung Cancer Patients: A Systematic Scoping Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:774081. [PMID: 34881185 PMCID: PMC8646025 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.774081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lung cancer (LC) is highly prevalent worldwide, with elevated mortality. In this population, taste and smell alterations (TSAs) are frequent but overlooked symptoms. The absence of effective therapeutic strategies and evidence-based guidelines constrain TSAs’ early recognition, prevention and treatment (Tx), promoting cancer-related malnutrition and jeopardizing survival outcomes and quality of life. Objectives To systematically review the literature on TSAs in LC patients, understand the physiopathology, identify potential preventive and Tx strategies and to further encourage research in this area. Methods Literature search on English language articles indexed to PubMed, CINALH, SCOPUS and Web of Science using MeSH terms “Lung neoplasms”,”Dysgeusia”, “Olfaction Disorders”, “Carcinoma, Small Cell”,”Carcinoma, Non- Small-Cell Lung “Adenocarcinoma of Lung”,”Carcinoma, Large Cell”, and non-MeSH terms “Parageusia”, “Altered Taste”, “Smell Disorder”, “Paraosmia”, “Dysosmia”,”Lung Cancer” and “Oat Cell Carcinoma”. Results Thirty-four articles were reviewed. TSAs may follow the diagnosis of LC or develop during cancer Tx. The estimated prevalence of self-reported dysgeusia is 35-38% in treatment-naïve LC patients, and 35-69% in those undergoing Tx, based on studies involving LC patients only. One prospective pilot trial and 1 RCT demonstrated a clinically significant benefit in combining flavor enhancement, smell and taste training and individualized nutritional counselling; a systematic review, 1 RCT and 1 retrospective study favored using intravenous or oral zinc-based solutions (150mg 2-3 times a day) for the prevention and Tx of chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) -induced mucositis and subsequent dysgeusia. Conclusions This is the first review on dysgeusia and dysosmia in LC patients to our knowledge. We propose combining taste and smell training, personalized dietary counselling and flavor enhancement with oral zinc-based solutions (150mg, 2-3 times a day) during CT and/or RT in this population, in order to prevent and help ameliorate Tx-induced dysgeusia and mucositis. However due to study heterogeneity, the results should be interpreted with caution. Developing standardized TSA measurement tools and performing prospective randomized controlled trials to evaluate their effect are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Spencer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Hospital de Santo António dos Capuchos, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David da Silva Dias
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Hospital de Faro, Faro, Portugal.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal.,CatolicaMed Platform of of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel Luís Capelas
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal.,Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Institute of Health Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Teresa Santos
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal.,CatolicaMed Platform of of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal.,European University, Lisbon, Portugal.,Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Miguel Neves
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal.,CatolicaMed Platform of of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paula Ravasco
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal.,CatolicaMed Platform of of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal.,Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
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4
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Lesser GJ, Irby MB, Taylor RC, Snavely A, Case D, Wang A, Dietrich A, Duncan S. Lactoferrin supplementation for taste and smell abnormalities among patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 2021; 30:2017-2025. [PMID: 34642792 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06609-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Taste and smell abnormalities (TSA) are common in patients receiving chemotherapy and may lead to altered nutritional intake, treatment withdrawal, and impaired quality of life. Lipid peroxidation in the oral cavity is one cause of TSA. Lactoferrin (LFN), an iron-binding salivary protein, reduces production of lipid oxidation byproducts and has been shown to reduce perception of unpleasant flavors. To assess the feasibility of LFN as a treatment for TSA, we conducted pilot investigations among patients with cancer who self-reported TSA following onset of chemotherapy. The primary objective was to assess change in subjective taste and smell perception from baseline to completion of 30 days of LFN supplementation. METHODS Patients were treated with 750 mg LFN daily for 30 days and followed for an additional 30 days without LFN. TSA was measured via the taste and smell questionnaire (TSQ) including taste (score 0-10), smell (score 0-6), and composite scores (0-16) (0 = no TSA) at baseline, day 30, and day 60. RESULTS A total of 26 patients enrolled; 19 remained on study at day 30 and 17 at day 60. Baseline mean TSQ scores were 6.5 (taste), 3.1 (smell), and 9.6 (composite). By day 30, mean composite TSQ score improved by 1.7 (p = 0.018); taste and smell improved by 0.6 (p = 0.062) and 1.1 (p = 0.042), respectively. From baseline to day 60, mean composite TSQ score improved by 3.8 (p < 0.0001); taste and smell improved by 1.9 (p = 0.001) and 1.8 (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Further evaluation of LFN is warranted to determine its value for improving self-reported TSA among patients receiving chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn J Lesser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section On Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Megan B Irby
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Anna Snavely
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Douglas Case
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Aili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Susan Duncan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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5
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Özkan İ, Taylan S, Eroğlu N, Kolaç N. The Relationship between Malnutrition and Subjective Taste Change Experienced by Patients with Cancer Receiving Outpatient Chemotherapy Treatment. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1670-1679. [PMID: 34328368 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1957485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Taste changes and malnutrition are two important problems in patients with different types of cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between malnutrition and subjective taste changes experienced by cancer patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy. The study used a cross-sectional design and was carried out with 1382 patients with cancer receiving outpatient chemotherapy. Of the patients, 63.1% experienced taste changes. It was determined that 8.8% of patients had malnutrition according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment. The mean scores of patients experiencing malnutrition and being at risk for malnutrition from all sub-dimensions of The Chemotherapy-induced Taste Alteration Scale (CiTAS) were found to be higher than the patient group evaluated to have normal nutrition. It was determined that a unit increase in the scores of the parageusia and phantogeusia subscales of the CiTAS increased the risk of malnutrition by 3.36 times (%95 CI= 2.68-4.02). In line with these results, we recommend that patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy should be routinely evaluated in terms of taste changes in clinical practice and that they should be followed up in terms of malnutrition in the presence of taste changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlknur Özkan
- Internal Medicine Nursing Department, Kumluca Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Kumluca-Antalya, Turkey
| | - Seçil Taylan
- Surgical Nursing Department, Kumluca Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Kumluca-Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nermin Eroğlu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fenerbahçe University, Istanbul
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW From single cells to entire organisms, biological entities are in constant communication with their surroundings, deciding what to 'allow' in, and what to reject. In very different ways, the immune and taste systems both fulfill this function, with growing evidence suggesting a relationship between the two, through shared signaling pathways, receptors, and feedback loops. The purpose of this review was to explore recent reports on taste and immunity in model animals and in humans to explore our understanding of the interplay between these systems. RECENT FINDINGS Acute infections in the upper airway, as with SARS-CoV-2, are associated with a proinflammatory state, and blunted taste perception. Further, recent findings highlight taste receptors working as immune sentinels throughout the body. Work in humans and mice also points to inflammation from obesity impacting taste, altering taste bud abundance and composition. There is accumulating evidence that taste cells, and particularly their receptors, play a role in airway and gut immunity, responsive to invading organisms. Inflammation itself may further act on taste buds and other taste receptor expressing cells throughout the body as a form of homeostatic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Goodman
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Robin Dando
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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7
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Kiss N, Symons K, Hewitt J, Davis H, Ting C, Lee A, Boltong A, Tucker RM, Tan SY. Taste Function in Adults Undergoing Cancer Radiotherapy or Chemotherapy, and Implications for Nutrition Management: A Systematic Review. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 121:278-304. [PMID: 33071205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taste changes are commonly reported by people with cancer undergoing radio- or chemotherapy. Taste changes may compromise dietary intake and nutritional status. OBJECTIVE To understand whether or not taste change is associated with cancer diagnosis or treatment modality in adults. METHODS A systematic literature search up to December 31, 2019, was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews protocol no. CRD42019134005). Studies in adults with cancer objectively assessing the effect of a cancer diagnosis or chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy treatment on taste function compared with healthy controls or within participant changes were included. Additional outcomes were food liking, appetite, dietary intake, nutritional status, and body composition. Reference lists of relevant articles were searched to identify additional articles. Quality was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics quality criteria checklist. RESULTS A total of 24 articles were included, one of which consisted of two studies that reported the effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy separately. From the total 25 studies reported in 24 published articles, 14 studies examined effects of radiotherapy, and remaining 11 studies examined chemotherapy. There is limited evidence of a cancer diagnosis per se contributing to taste dysfunction. Impaired taste function was reported in almost all radiotherapy studies, occurring as early as Week 3 of treatment and lasting for 3 to 24 months posttreatment. During chemotherapy, impairment of taste function was less consistently reported, occurring as early as the first few days of chemotherapy, and persisting up to 6 months posttreatment. Taxane-based chemotherapy was reported to affect taste function more than other treatments. Several studies reported reduced liking for food, appetite, and dietary intake. Only one study reported nutritional status of participants, finding no association between taste function and nutritional status. No studies examined associations between taste changes and body composition. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the importance of considering treatment modality in practice. Research is required to identify factors contributing to taste alteration and to inform evidence-based interventions.
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8
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Schalk P, Kohl M, Herrmann HJ, Schwappacher R, Rimmele ME, Buettner A, Siebler J, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Correction to: Influence of cancer and acute inflammatory disease on taste perception: a clinical pilot study. Support Care Cancer 2020; 28:2431. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Feng S, Achoute L, Margolskee RF, Jiang P, Wang H. Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Taste Organoids. Chem Senses 2020; 45:187-194. [PMID: 31993633 PMCID: PMC7320225 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines are signaling molecules that regulate numerous physiological processes, from tissue homeostasis to metabolism and food intake. Expression of certain cytokines can be markedly induced in subsets of taste bud cells under acute and chronic inflammation. This may contribute to altered taste perception and preference associated with many diseases. Although the pathways of cytokine induction are well studied in immune cells, they remain poorly characterized in taste cells, in part due to the difficulties of performing biochemical analyses with a limited number of taste cells. The recently developed taste organoid model provides an opportunity to carry out these mechanistic studies in vitro. However, it was unknown whether taste organoids respond to inflammatory stimuli as do in vivo native taste buds. Here we analyze lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression and secretion of two inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). We show that, similarly to native mouse taste epithelia, organoids derived from mouse circumvallate stem cells express several toll-like receptors (TLRs), including TLR4-the primary receptor for LPS. Organoids and native taste epithelia express all five genes in the nuclear factor-κb (Nfkb) family that encode the transcription factor NF-κB, a critical regulator of inflammatory responses. LPS stimulates fast induction of TNF and IL-6 with similar induction kinetics in organoids and native taste epithelia. These results show that taste epithelial cells possess necessary components for inflammatory cytokine induction and secretion and suggest that the organoid model can be a useful tool to dissect the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Feng
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing, China
| | - Leyitha Achoute
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lincoln University, Lincoln University, PA, USA
| | | | - Peihua Jiang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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László BR, Hormay E, Szabó I, Mintál K, Nagy B, László K, Péczely L, Ollmann T, Lénárd L, Karádi Z. Disturbance of taste reactivity and other behavioral alterations after bilateral interleukin-1β microinjection into the cingulate cortex of the rat. Behav Brain Res 2020; 383:112537. [PMID: 32032742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), is known to be intimately involved in food-related motivational processes and their behavioral organization, primarily by evaluating hedonic properties of the relevant stimuli. In the present study, the involvement of cingulate cortical interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mediated mechanisms in a) gustation associated facial and somato-motor behavioral patterns of Wistar rats were examined in taste reactivity test (TR). In addition, b) conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm was performed to investigate the role of these cytokine mechanisms in taste sensation associated learning processes, c) the general locomotor activity of the animals was observed in open field test (OPF), and d) the potentially negative reinforcing effect of IL-1β was examined in conditioned place preference test (CPP). During the TR test, species specific behavioral patterns in response to the five basic tastes were analyzed. Response rates of ingestive and aversive patterns of the cytokine treated and the control groups differed significantly in case of the weaker bitter (QHCl, 0.03 mM), and the stronger umami (MSG, 0.5 M) tastes. IL-1β itself did not elicit CTA, it did not interfere with the acquisition of LiCl induced CTA, and it also failed to cause place preference or aversion in the CPP test. In the OPF paradigm, however, significant differences were found between the cytokine treated and the control groups in the rearing and grooming, the number of crossings, and in the distance moved. Our results indicate the involvement of cingulate cortical IL-1β mechanisms in the control of taste perception and other relevant behavioral processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Réka László
- Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Edina Hormay
- Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Szabó
- Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kitti Mintál
- Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Nagy
- Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kristóf László
- Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Péczely
- Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Ollmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Lénárd
- Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Neuroendocrinology and Neurophysiology Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Karádi
- Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Neuroendocrinology and Neurophysiology Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Sicchieri JMF, Peria FM, Sartorelli DS, Diez-Garcia RW. Recognition of taste in patients during antineoplastic therapy with platinum drugs. Nutrition 2019; 67-68:110520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Zopf Y, Schink K, Reljic D, Herrmann HJ, Dieterich W, Kiesswetter E, Sieber CC, Neurath MF, Volkert D. Assessing cachexia in older patients: Different definitions - But which one is the most practical for clinical routine? Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 86:103943. [PMID: 31561063 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.103943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases and malignant tumors have an increased risk of cachexia. No consistent definition exists to rapidly identify cachexia in older patients with and without cancer. METHODS One-hundred patients (53% male) aged 70 + years were included in the study by a university hospital. In addition to the detection of malnutrition and determination of body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis, cachexia was assessed according to the well-established definitions of Evans (weight loss ≥ 5% within the last 12 months plus additional clinical parameters), Fearon (weight loss > 5% in 6 months) and Bozzetti (weight loss ≥ 10% of habitual weight). After a follow-up of 3.5 years, the mortality rate was recorded. RESULTS Thirty-three patients had a malignant tumor disease. The patients with a non-malignant underlying disease did not differ in their mental state, physical condition and state of health compared to patients with cancer. A higher percentage of patients with underlying malignancy had cachexia. There were significant differences in the body composition between the patients with or without cachexia. Cachectic patients exhibited a significantly lower skeletal muscle mass and fat mass. The risk of death was increased in cachectic patients of all three cachexia definitions. CONCLUSION For clinical daily routine, the assessments by a weight loss according to Fearon and Bozzetti are suggested to be practicable methods to detect cachexia in older patients with and without cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurdagül Zopf
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander - University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Kristin Schink
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander - University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dejan Reljic
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander - University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander - University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Walburga Dieterich
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander - University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Kiesswetter
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander- University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kobergerstraße 60, 90408 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Cornel C Sieber
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander- University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kobergerstraße 60, 90408 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander - University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Volkert
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander- University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kobergerstraße 60, 90408 Nürnberg, Germany
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13
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Self-reported and objective taste and smell evaluation in treatment-naive solid tumour patients. Support Care Cancer 2019; 28:2389-2396. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-05017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chemotherapy alters subjective senses of taste and smell but not dietary patterns in Japanese lung cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 2019; 28:1667-1674. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-04958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ferreira MH, Mello Bezinelli L, de Paula Eduardo F, Lopes RM, Pereira AZ, Hamerschlack N, Corrêa L. Association of oral toxicity and taste changes during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a preliminary study. Support Care Cancer 2019; 28:1277-1287. [PMID: 31236700 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-04922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to characterize the taste changes and taste bud atrophy observed in the period of neutropenia of HCT and to determine the influence of transplantation toxicity on these changes. METHODS Autologous and allogeneic HCT patients (n = 51) were selected to perform taste acuity tests prior to conditioning (T0) and during neutropenia (T1). The frequency and time duration of oral mucositis, presence of tongue depapillation, and salivary flow rate were also evaluated. Quality of life was assessed using specific questionnaires. RESULTS We observed a significant increase in hypogeusia (66.6%, p = 0.001) and dysgeusia (21.4%, p = 0.013) at T1, compared with T0. Bitter taste was the most altered, mainly when the patient underwent conditioning with melphalan (OR = 4.47, p = 0.049). Prolonged oral mucositis (≥ 8 days) (OR = 5.62, p = 0.039) and autologous transplantation (OR = 4.08, p = 0.033) were predictive factors for tongue depapillation. Changes in sour taste (OR = 10.70, p = 0.045) and reduced salivary flow (OR = 21.00, p = 0.013) were associated to body weight loss at T1. Taste changes significantly reduced the quality of life at T1, compared with T0. CONCLUSIONS Frequency of hypogeusia was high in the neutropenia period of the HCT. None of the taste changes was determined by oral mucositis, tongue depapillation, or reduced salivary flow, but melphalan conditioning reduced the bitter taste sensation. Loss of body weight and poor quality of life were associated with taste changes and reduced salivary flow. Further studies are necessary to elucidate this association and the risk factors for taste changes in HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Henriques Ferreira
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- General Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 2227 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberta Marques Lopes
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Z Pereira
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson Hamerschlack
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Corrêa
- General Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 2227 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
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McGettigan N, Dhuibhir PU, Barrett M, Sui J, Balding L, Higgins S, O’Leary N, Kennedy A, Walsh D. Subjective and Objective Assessment of Taste and Smell Sensation in Advanced Cancer. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2019; 36:688-696. [DOI: 10.1177/1049909119832836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Taste and smell abnormalities (TSA) occur throughout the cancer trajectory regardless of cancer primary site and contribute to cancer-associated malnutrition. TSA etiology is poorly understood. Tumor-related inflammation is a possible cause. Objective: This study examined the prevalence, characteristics, and severity of TSA in advanced cancer and explored the relationship between TSA and nutritional status. No previous study combined subjective and objective measures for both taste and smell assessment in this population. Method: Consecutive advanced cancer hospice patients were recruited. A modified version of the “Taste and Smell Survey” assessed subjective TSA. Validated taste strips and “Sniffin’ Sticks” were the objective measures. The abridged patient-generated subjective global assessment evaluated nutritional status. Results: A 93% prevalence of TSA in 30 patients with advanced cancer was identified. When subjective and objective evaluations were combined, 28 had taste abnormalities, 24 smell abnormalities, and 24 both. Taste changes included “persistent bad taste” (n = 18) and changes in how basic tastes were perceived. Half reported smell was not “as strong” as prediagnosis, while more than half (n = 16) had an objective smell abnormality. Most (97%) were at risk of malnutrition. Fatigue, dry mouth, early satiety, and anorexia were common nutrition-impact symptoms. No statistically significant relationship was found between TSA and malnutrition scores. Conclusions: TSA were highly prevalent. Subjective taste and smell changes did not always accord with objective TSA, suggesting both assessments are valuable. TSA characteristics varied, and particular foods tasted and smelled different and were not enjoyed as before. TSA are common, high-impact problems in advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh McGettigan
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin St., Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Michelle Barrett
- Academic Department of Palliative Medicine, Our Lady’s Hospice & Care Services, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jessica Sui
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Academic Department of Palliative Medicine, Our Lady’s Hospice & Care Services, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lucy Balding
- Academic Department of Palliative Medicine, Our Lady’s Hospice & Care Services, Dublin, Ireland
- St James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Higgins
- Academic Department of Palliative Medicine, Our Lady’s Hospice & Care Services, Dublin, Ireland
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Norma O’Leary
- Academic Department of Palliative Medicine, Our Lady’s Hospice & Care Services, Dublin, Ireland
- St James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aileen Kennedy
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin St., Dublin, Ireland
| | - Declan Walsh
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Academic Department of Palliative Medicine, Our Lady’s Hospice & Care Services, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine & Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Orlemann T, Reljic D, Zenker B, Meyer J, Eskofier B, Thiemt J, Herrmann HJ, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. A Novel Mobile Phone App (OncoFood) to Record and Optimize the Dietary Behavior of Oncologic Patients: Pilot Study. JMIR Cancer 2018; 4:e10703. [PMID: 30459139 PMCID: PMC6280033 DOI: 10.2196/10703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catabolism and tumor-specific therapy lead to reduced nutrient intake and weight loss in cancer patients. Maintaining a specific individualized diet can be challenging for the patient as the nutritional counseling options are limited. Monitoring of nutrient intake and frequent feedback are, however, vital for successful nutritional therapy because they support the patient's compliance and realization of dietary therapeutic goals. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at investigating the feasibility and applicability of a novel mobile phone app to assess and evaluate dietary behaviors in oncologic patients. METHODS To determine dietary habits and food preferences in oncologic patients, initially 1400 nutritional records were evaluated and analyzed. The results provided the basis for creating a nutritional mobile phone app. Key requirements for the app included simple handling, recording the daily intake, and a comparison of nutrient targets and current status. In total, 39 cancer patients were recruited for the study; 15 patients dropped out prior to the study. All patients received a nutritional anamnesis, nutritional analysis, and nutritional counseling. Individual energy and nutrient aims were defined. The intervention group (n=12) additionally used the app. Weight and body composition of each group were evaluated after 4 weeks. RESULTS The app group gained significantly more weight (P=.045; mean weight 1.03 kg vs -1.46 kg). Also, skeletal muscle mass showed a significant increase in the app group (P=.009; mean skeletal muscle mass 0.58 kg vs -0.61 kg) compared with the control group. There was no significant difference between groups relating to the daily protein intake (P=.06). Additionally, there was a decrease in macronutrient intake during the study period in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that patients who track their daily dietary habits using a mobile phone app are more likely to reach their nutritional goals than the control patients. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these initial findings and test the applicability on a broader basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Orlemann
- Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dejan Reljic
- Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Björn Zenker
- Embedded Systems Institute, Department of Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Meyer
- Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Eskofier
- Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jana Thiemt
- Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans Joachim Herrmann
- Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Friedrich Neurath
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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