1
|
Zhou H, Mahmood T, Wu W, Chen Y, Yu Y, Yuan J. High amylose to amylopectin ratios in nitrogen-free diets decrease the ileal endogenous amino acid losses of broiler chickens. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:111-120. [PMID: 37388164 PMCID: PMC10300069 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the variation of ileal endogenous amino acid (IEAA) losses and its influencing factors in chickens offered nitrogen-free diets (NFD) containing different ratios of amylose to amylopectin (AM/AP). A total of 252 broiler chickens at 28 d old were randomly allocated into 7 treatment groups for a 3-d trial. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (control), a NFD containing corn starch (CS), and 5 NFD with AM/AP ratios of 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1.00, respectively. As the AM/AP ratio increased, the IEAA losses of all AAs, starch digestibility and maltase activity linearly decreased (P < 0.05), but the DM digestibility linearly and quadratically decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, the NFD increased the number of goblet cells and its regulatory genes mucin-2 and krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF-4) while decreasing serum glucagon and thyroxine concentrations, ileal villus height, and crypt depth (P < 0.05). Additionally, NFD with lower AM/AP ratios (0.20 and 0.40) decreased the ileal microbiota species richness (P < 0.05). In all NFD groups, the number of Proteobacteria increased whereas the abundance of Firmicutes dropped (P < 0.05). However, the broilers in the AM/AP 0.60 group were closer to the digestive physiological state of chickens fed the control diet, with no significant change in maltase activity and mucin-2 expression (P < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing AM/AP ratio in a NFD decreased the IEAA losses and the apparent ileal digestibility of starch but inevitably resulted in malnutrition and disruption of gut microbiota homeostasis. This study recommends AM/AP in NFD at 0.60 to measure IEAA of broiler chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huajin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tahir Mahmood
- Adisseo Animal Nutrition, DMCC, Dubai 00000, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leo S, Kato Y, Wu Y, Yokota M, Koike M, Yui S, Tsuchiya K, Shiraki N, Kume S. The Effect of Vitamin D3 and Valproic Acid on the Maturation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Enterocyte-Like Cells. Stem Cells 2023; 41:775-791. [PMID: 37228023 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is involved in first-pass metabolism in the small intestine and is heavily implicated in oral drug bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. We previously reported that vitamin D3 (VD3), a known CYP enzyme inducer, induces functional maturation of iPSC-derived enterocyte-like cells (iPSC-ent). Here, we identified a Notch activator and CYP modulator valproic acid (VPA), as a promotor for the maturation of iPSC-ent. We performed bulk RNA sequencing to investigate the changes in gene expression during the differentiation and maturation periods of these cells. VPA potentiated gene expression of key enterocyte markers ALPI, FABP2, and transporters such as SULT1B1. RNA-sequencing analysis further elucidated several function-related pathways involved in fatty acid metabolism, significantly upregulated by VPA when combined with VD3. Particularly, VPA treatment in tandem with VD3 significantly upregulated key regulators of enterohepatic circulation, such as FGF19, apical bile acid transporter SLCO1A2 and basolateral bile acid transporters SLC51A and SLC51B. To sum up, we could ascertain the genetic profile of our iPSC-ent cells to be specialized toward fatty acid absorption and metabolism instead of transporting other nutrients, such as amino acids, with the addition of VD3 and VPA in tandem. Together, these results suggest the possible application of VPA-treated iPSC-ent for modelling enterohepatic circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Leo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kato
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yumeng Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Yokota
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Yui
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shiraki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shoen Kume
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan J, Zhao Y, Jiang L, Wang Y, Cai W. Decreased Expression of KLF4 Leading to Functional Deficit in Pediatric Patients with Intestinal Failure and Potential Therapeutic Strategy Using Decanoic Acid. Nutrients 2023; 15:2660. [PMID: 37375564 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric intestinal failure (IF) is the reduction in gut function to below the minimum necessary for the absorption of macronutrients and/or water and electrolytes, such that intravenous supplementation is required to maintain health and/or growth. The overall goal in treating IF is to achieve intestinal adaptation; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood. In this study, by performing single-cell RNA sequencing in pediatric IF patients, we found that decreased Kruppel-Like Factor 4 (KLF4) may serve as the hub gene responsible for the functional deficit in mature enterocytes in IF patients, leading to the downregulation of solute carrier (SLC) family transporters (e.g., SLC7A9) and, consequently, nutrient malabsorption. We also found that inducible KLF4 was highly sensitive to the loss of certain enteral nutrients: in a rodent model of total parenteral nutrition mimicking the deprivation of enteral nutrition, the expression of KLF4 dramatically decreased only at the tip of the villus and not at the bottom of crypts. By using IF patient-derived intestinal organoids and Caco-2 cells as in vitro models, we demonstrated that the supplementation of decanoic acid (DA) could significantly induce the expression of KLF4 along with SLC6A4 and SLC7A9, suggesting that DA may function as a potential therapeutic strategy to promote cell maturation and functional improvement. In summary, this study provides new insights into the mechanism of intestinal adaptation depending on KLF4, and proposed potential strategies for nutritional management using DA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Yan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuling Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng L, Duan SL, Wen XL, Dai YC. Molecular regulation after mucosal injury and regeneration in ulcerative colitis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:996057. [PMID: 36310594 PMCID: PMC9606627 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.996057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease with a complex etiology. Intestinal mucosal injury is an important pathological change in individuals with UC. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5+) intestinal stem cells (ISCs) exhibit self-renewal and high differentiation potential and play important roles in the repair of intestinal mucosal injury. Moreover, LGR5+ ISCs are intricately regulated by both the Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways, which jointly maintain the function of LGR5+ ISCs. Combination therapy targeting multiple signaling pathways and transplantation of LGR5+ ISCs may lead to the development of new clinical therapies for UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Lei Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin-Li Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Cheng Dai,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang L, Shen F, Stroehlein JR, Wei D. Context-dependent functions of KLF4 in cancers: Could alternative splicing isoforms be the key? Cancer Lett 2018; 438:10-16. [PMID: 30217565 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is an important transcription factor that is expressed in a variety of tissues and regulates many critical physiologic and cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, stem cell reprogramming, maintenance of genomic stability, and normal tissue homeostasis. KLF4 has both tumor suppressive and oncogenic functions in gastrointestinal and other cancers. These functions are thought to be context dependent, but how KLF4 exerts these differential functions and the molecular mechanisms behind them remain poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that the KLF4 gene undergoes alternative splicing, and the protein products of certain transcripts antagonize wild-type KLF4 function, suggesting an additional layer of regulation of KLF4 function. Therefore, detailed study of KLF4 alternative splicing may not only provide new insights into the complexity of KLF4 functions but also lead to rational targeting of KLF4 for cancer prevention and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John R Stroehlein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dzama MM, Nigmatullina L, Sayols S, Kreim N, Soshnikova N. Distinct populations of embryonic epithelial progenitors generate Lgr5 + intestinal stem cells. Dev Biol 2017; 432:258-264. [PMID: 29037931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The adult intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are transcriptionally heterogeneous. As the mechanisms governing their developmental specification are still poorly understood, whether this heterogeneity reflects an early determination of distinct cellular sub-types with potentially distinct physiological functions remains an open question. We investigate the cellular heterogeneity within the mouse embryonic midgut epithelium at the molecular and functional levels. Cell fate mapping analysis revealed that multiple early embryonic epithelial progenitors give rise to Lgr5+ ISCs. The origin of the molecularly distinct early precursors along the anterior-posterior axis defines the transcriptional signature of embryonic Lgr5+ ISC progenitors. We further show that the early epithelial progenitors have different capacity to generate Lgr5+ ISC progenitors and Axin2+ early precursors display the highest potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergi Sayols
- Institute of Molecular Biology, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tsuchiya K, Hayashi R, Fukushima K, Hibiya S, Horita N, Negi M, Itoh E, Akashi T, Eishi Y, Motoya S, Takeuchi Y, Kunisaki R, Fukunaga K, Nakamura S, Yoshimura N, Takazoe M, Iizuka B, Suzuki Y, Nagahori M, Watanabe M. Caudal type homeobox 2 expression induced by leukocytapheresis might be associated with mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:1032-1039. [PMID: 27862316 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with an intractable, recurrent course. Although the goal of UC therapy has recently been to target mucosal healing, the molecular mechanism of mucosal healing remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular dynamics related to the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells during cytapheresis therapy in a short duration. METHODS Endoscopy was performed in 26 patients with UC in multicentre hospitals, and biopsy specimens were collected from the rectum before and within two weeks after leukocytapheresis (LCAP). The expression of representative proteins in intestinal epithelial cells and pathological findings was compared before and after LCAP. RESULTS The expression of caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) and a hes family bHLH transcription factor 1(HES1) markedly increased after LCAP. Patients with endoscopic improvement after LCAP showed the expression of CDX2 before LCAP. Moreover, the number of goblet cells significantly increased after LCAP. Patients without endoscopic improvement after LCAP did not show the expression of CDX2 before LCAP. However, the expression of CDX2 markedly increased after LCAP. CONCLUSION This study suggests that cytapheresis might induce CDX2 expression without affecting the cell proliferation, thus resulting in mucosal healing with goblet cell restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Endoscopy and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keita Fukushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Hibiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobukatsu Horita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Negi
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisaku Itoh
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Akashi
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Eishi
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Motoya
- IBD Center, Sapporo Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takeuchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Kunisaki
- Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken Fukunaga
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Shiro Nakamura
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yasuo Suzuki
- Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital, Shimoshizu, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nagahori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Novel CD200 homologues iSEC1 and iSEC2 are gastrointestinal secretory cell-specific ligands of inhibitory receptor CD200R. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36457. [PMID: 27819346 PMCID: PMC5098219 DOI: 10.1038/srep36457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD200R is an inhibitory receptor expressed on myeloid cells and some lymphoid cells, and plays important roles in negatively regulating immune responses. CD200 is the only known ligand of CD200R and broadly distributed in a variety of cell types. Here we identified novel CD200 homologues, designated iSEC1 and iSEC2, that are expressed exclusively by secretory cell lineages in the gastrointestinal epithelium while authentic CD200 is expressed by none of epithelial cells including secretory cells. Both iSEC1 and iSEC2 could bind to CD200R but not other members of the CD200R family. Notably, CD200R expression was confined to intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) among cells in the gastrointestinal epithelium. Binding of iSEC1 to CD200R on IELs resulted in the suppression of cytokine production and cytolytic activity by activated IELs. Thus, iSEC1 is a previously unappreciated CD200R ligand with restricted expression in gastrointestinal secretory cells and may negatively regulate mucosal immune responses.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosal barrier dysfunction is considered a critical component of Crohn's disease (CD) pathogenesis after the identification of susceptibility genes. However, the precise mechanism underlying mucosal barrier dysfunction has not yet been elucidated. We therefore aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the expression of human α-defensin 6 (HD6) in patients with CD. METHODS HD6 expression was induced by the transfection of an atonal homolog 1 (Atoh1) transgene and was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The HD6 promoter region targeted by Atoh1 and β-catenin was determined by reporter analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. HD5/HD6/Atoh1/β-catenin expression in noninflamed jejunal samples collected by balloon endoscopy from 15 patients with CD and 9 non-inflammatory bowel disease patients were assessed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Both promoter activity and gene expression of HD6 was significantly upregulated by the Atoh1 transgene in human colonic cancer cell line. We identified a TCF4 binding site and an E-box site, critical for the regulation of HD6 transcriptional activity by directly binding of Atoh1 in the 200-bp HD6 promoter region. The treatment with β-catenin inhibitor also decreases HD6 promoter activity and gene expression. Moreover, HD6 expression, but not HD5 expression, was found to be decreased in noninflamed jejunal regions from patients with CD. In HD6-negative crypts, nuclear accumulation of β-catenin was impaired. CONCLUSIONS HD6 expression was found to be regulated by cooperation between Atoh1 and β-catenin within the HD6 promoter region. Downregulation of HD6 in noninflamed mucosa may contribute to mucosal barrier dysfunction of patients with CD.
Collapse
|
10
|
Fukushima K, Tsuchiya K, Kano Y, Horita N, Hibiya S, Hayashi R, Kitagaki K, Negi M, Itoh E, Akashi T, Eishi Y, Oshima S, Nagaishi T, Okamoto R, Nakamura T, Watanabe M. Atonal homolog 1 protein stabilized by tumor necrosis factor α induces high malignant potential in colon cancer cell line. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:1000-7. [PMID: 26017781 PMCID: PMC4556389 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of developing colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). CAC cells often develop chemoresistance, resulting in a poorer prognosis than that of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). The mechanism by which CAC enhances malignant potential remains unknown. We have previously reported that the proteasomal degradation of the transcription factor Atonal homolog 1 (Atoh1) protein results in the non-mucinous form of CRC. It also remains unknown whether Atoh1 protein is expressed in CAC. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether Atoh1 protein stabilizes in CAC. Consequently, the treatment with TNF-α stabilized Atoh1 protein through the inactivation of GSK-3β via Akt, resulting in the mucinous form of CRC cell lines. Atoh1 protein also enriched cancer stem cells with upregulated Lgr5 expression and cells in G0/G1 cell cycle phase, resulting in both the chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin and the promotion of cell migration. Immunofluorescence of the human mucinous CAC specimens showed the accumulation of NF-κB p65 at nuclei with the expression of Atoh1 in mucinous cancer. In conclusion, the inflammation associated with carcinogenesis may preserve the differentiation system of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC), resulting in the acquisition of both the mucinous phenotype and high malignant potential associated with the enrichment of cancer stem cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Fukushima
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Advanced Therapeutics for Gastrointestinal Diseases, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kano
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nobukatsu Horita
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Hibiya
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Hayashi
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kitagaki
- Pathology, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Negi
- Pathology, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisaku Itoh
- Pathology, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Akashi
- Pathology, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Eishi
- Pathology, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Oshima
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagaishi
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Advanced Therapeutics for Gastrointestinal Diseases, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Horita N, Tsuchiya K, Hayashi R, Fukushima K, Hibiya S, Fukuda M, Kano Y, Mizutani T, Nemoto Y, Yui S, Okamoto R, Nakamura T, Watanabe M. Fluorescent labelling of intestinal epithelial cells reveals independent long-lived intestinal stem cells in a crypt. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:493-9. [PMID: 25451268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The dynamics of intestinal stem cells are crucial for regulation of intestinal function and maintenance. Although crypt stem cells have been identified in the intestine by genetic marking methods, identification of plural crypt stem cells has not yet been achieved as they are visualised in the same colour. METHODS Intestinal organoids were transferred into Matrigel® mixed with lentivirus encoding mCherry. The dynamics of mCherry-positive cells was analysed using time-lapse imaging, and the localisation of mCherry-positive cells was analysed using 3D immunofluorescence. RESULTS We established an original method for the introduction of a transgene into an organoid generated from mouse small intestine that resulted in continuous fluorescence of the mCherry protein in a portion of organoid cells. Three-dimensional analysis using confocal microscopy showed a single mCherry-positive cell in an organoid crypt that had been cultured for >1year, which suggested the presence of long-lived mCherry-positive and -negative stem cells in the same crypt. Moreover, a single mCherry-positive stem cell in a crypt gave rise to both crypt base columnar cells and transit amplifying cells. Each mCherry-positive and -negative cell contributed to the generation of organoids. CONCLUSIONS The use of our original lentiviral transgene system to mark individual organoid crypt stem cells showed that long-lived plural crypt stem cells might independently serve as intestinal epithelial cells, resulting in the formation of a completely functional villus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobukatsu Horita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics for Gastrointestinal Diseases, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
| | - Ryohei Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Keita Fukushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Shuji Hibiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nemoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Shiro Yui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics for Gastrointestinal Diseases, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics for Gastrointestinal Diseases, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ito G, Okamoto R, Murano T, Shimizu H, Fujii S, Nakata T, Mizutani T, Yui S, Akiyama-Morio J, Nemoto Y, Okada E, Araki A, Ohtsuka K, Tsuchiya K, Nakamura T, Watanabe M. Lineage-specific expression of bestrophin-2 and bestrophin-4 in human intestinal epithelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79693. [PMID: 24223998 PMCID: PMC3818177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) regulate the absorption and secretion of anions, such as HCO3- or Cl-. Bestrophin genes represent a newly identified group of calcium-activated Cl- channels (CaCCs). Studies have suggested that, among the four human bestrophin-family genes, bestrophin-2 (BEST2) and bestrophin-4 (BEST4) might be expressed within the intestinal tissue. Consistently, a study showed that BEST2 is expressed by human colonic goblet cells. However, their precise expression pattern along the gastrointestinal tract, or the lineage specificity of the cells expressing these genes, remains largely unknown. Here, we show that BEST2 and BEST4 are expressed in vivo, each in a distinct, lineage-specific manner, in human IECs. While BEST2 was expressed exclusively in colonic goblet cells, BEST4 was expressed in the absorptive cells of both the small intestine and the colon. In addition, we found that BEST2 expression is significantly down-regulated in the active lesions of ulcerative colitis, where goblet cells were depleted, suggesting that BEST2 expression is restricted to goblet cells under both normal and pathologic conditions. Consistently, the induction of goblet cell differentiation by a Notch inhibitor, LY411575, significantly up-regulated the expression of not BEST4 but BEST2 in MUC2-positive HT-29 cells. Conversely, the induction of absorptive cell differentiation up-regulated the expression of BEST4 in villin-positive Caco-2 cells. In addition, we found that the up- or down-regulation of Notch activity leads to the preferential expression of either BEST4 or BEST2, respectively, in LS174T cells. These results collectively confirmed that BEST2 and BEST4 could be added to the lineage-specific genes of humans IECs due to their abilities to clearly identify goblet cells of colonic origin and a distinct subset of absorptive cells, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Go Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced GI therapeutics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tatsuro Murano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Nakata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Yui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Akiyama-Morio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nemoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Araki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ohtsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced GI therapeutics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced GI therapeutics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tsuchiya K. [110th Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine: Symposium: 2. Diseases originated from stem cell abnormalities; 4) The intestinal epithelial stem cells and cancer stem cells]. NIHON NAIKA GAKKAI ZASSHI. THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2013; 102:2273-8. [PMID: 24228411 DOI: 10.2169/naika.102.2273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics for Gastrointestinal Diseases Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|