1
|
Ampuero J, Aller R, Gallego-Durán R, Crespo J, Calleja JL, García-Monzón C, Gómez-Camarero J, Caballería J, Lo Iacono O, Ibañez L, García-Samaniego J, Albillos A, Francés R, Fernández-Rodríguez C, Maya-Miles D, Diago M, Poca M, Andrade RJ, Latorre R, Jorquera F, Morillas RM, Escudero D, Hernández-Guerra M, Pareja-Megia MJ, Banales JM, Aspichueta P, Benlloch S, Rosales JM, Turnes J, Romero-Gómez M. The biochemical pattern defines MASLD phenotypes linked to distinct histology and prognosis. J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:586-597. [PMID: 38619600 PMCID: PMC11217049 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-024-02098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MASLD can manifest as hepatocellular damage, which can result in mild elevation of aminotransferases. However, in some patients, MASLD presents with cholestatic pattern. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of the biochemical pattern on the natural course of MASLD, including liver damage in histology, the accuracy of non-invasive tests(NITs), and prognosis. METHODS Multicenter study enrolling 2156 patients with biopsy-proven MASLD, who were classified based on their[ALT/ULN)]/[(ALP/ULN)] levels at the time of biopsy: (a) hepatocellular pattern(H), > 5; (b) mixed pattern(M),2-5; (c) cholestatic pattern(C), < 2. OUTCOMES (a) histological evaluation of the single components of NAS, MASH, and fibrosis; (b) NITs and transient elastography assessing advanced fibrosis; (c) prognosis determined by the appearance of decompensated cirrhosis and death. RESULTS Out of the 2156 patients, 22.9% exhibited the H-pattern, whilst 31.7% exhibited the C-pattern. Severe steatosis, ballooning, lobular inflammation, and MASH (56.4% H vs. 41.9% M vs. 31.9% C) were more common in H-pattern (p = 0.0001),whilst C-pattern was linked to cirrhosis (5.8% H vs. 5.6% M vs. 10.9% C; p = 0.0001). FIB-4(0.74(95% CI 0.69-0.79) vs. 0.83 (95% CI 0.80-0.85); p = 0.005) and Hepamet Fibrosis Score(0.77 (95% CI 0.69-0.85) vs. 0.84 (95% CI 0.80-0.87); p = 0.044)exhibited lower AUROCs in the H-pattern. The C-pattern[HR 2.37 (95% CI 1.12-5.02); p = 0.024], along with age, diabetes, and cirrhosis were independently associated with mortality. Most patients maintained their initial biochemical pattern during the second evaluation. CONCLUSIONS The H-pattern exhibited greater necro-inflammation in the histology than the C-pattern, whereas the latter showed more cirrhosis. The accuracy of NITs in detecting fibrosis was decreased in H-pattern. The occurrence of decompensated events and mortality was predominant in C-pattern. Therefore, identifying MASLD phenotypes based on the biochemical presentation could be relevant for clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ampuero
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
- Digestive Disease Department and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Avenida Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Rocío Aller
- Centro de Investigación de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rocío Gallego-Durán
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Digestive Disease Department and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Avenida Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Carmelo García-Monzón
- Liver Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joan Caballería
- Digestive Disease Department and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Avenida Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Liver Unit. Hospital Clínic. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBPAS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Luis Ibañez
- Digestive Disease Department and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Avenida Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García-Samaniego
- Digestive Disease Department and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Avenida Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Albillos
- Digestive Disease Department and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Avenida Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Francés
- Digestive Disease Department and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Avenida Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | | | - Douglas Maya-Miles
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Digestive Disease Department and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Avenida Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Moisés Diago
- Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Poca
- Digestive Disease Department and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Avenida Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i San Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl J Andrade
- Digestive Disease Department and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Avenida Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Digestivas, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Jorquera
- Digestive Disease Department and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Avenida Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, IBIOMED, León, España
| | - Rosa María Morillas
- Digestive Disease Department and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Avenida Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Desamparados Escudero
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Jesús M Banales
- Digestive Disease Department and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Avenida Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Aspichueta
- Biocruces Research Institute, Barakaldo, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Salvador Benlloch
- Digestive Disease Department and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Avenida Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Servicio de Digestivo Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Juan Turnes
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra and IIS Galicia Sur, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Digestive Disease Department and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Avenida Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wakabayashi SI, Tamaki N, Kimura T, Umemura T, Kurosaki M, Izumi N. Natural history of lean and non-lean metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:494-503. [PMID: 38570344 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-024-02093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conflicting evidence regarding the prognosis of lean metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has raised substantial questions. AIM This study aimed to elucidate the prognosis of lean MASLD by conducting a comprehensive analysis of a vast Asian cohort. METHODS This study used a nationwide, population-based database and analyzed 2.9 million patients. The primary endpoints were liver-related events (LREs) and cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients with lean MASLD, non-lean MASLD, and normal liver control groups. RESULTS The median observation period was 4.2 years. The 5-year incidence values of LREs in the lean MASLD, non-lean MASLD, and normal liver control groups were 0.065%, 0.039%, and 0.006%, respectively. The LRE risk of lean MASLD was significantly higher than that of normal liver control (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 5.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.95-8.92) but comparable to that of non-lean MASLD (aHR: 1.35, 95% CI: 0.87-2.08). By contrast, for CVEs, the non-lean MASLD group exhibited a higher 5-year cumulative incidence rate (0.779%) than the lean MASLD (0.600%) and normal liver control (0.254%) groups. The lean MASLD group had a reduced risk of CVEs compared with the non-lean MASLD group (aHR, 0.73; 95% CI: 0.64-0.84), and comparable risk of CVEs to the normal liver control group (aHR, 0.99; 95% CI: 0.88-1.12). CONCLUSION Lean MASLD exhibits a similar LRE risk and a lower CVE risk to non-lean MASLD. Therefore, follow-up and treatment strategies should be tailored to the specific MASLD condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ichi Wakabayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Nobuharu Tamaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, 1-26-1 Kyonan-Cho, Musashino-Shi, Tokyo, 180-8610, Japan
| | - Takefumi Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takeji Umemura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurosaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, 1-26-1 Kyonan-Cho, Musashino-Shi, Tokyo, 180-8610, Japan.
| | - Namiki Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, 1-26-1 Kyonan-Cho, Musashino-Shi, Tokyo, 180-8610, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yen FS, Hou MC, Cheng-Chung Wei J, Shih YH, Hsu CY, Hsu CC, Hwu CM. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis and Type 2 Diabetes. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:1255-1264.e18. [PMID: 37331413 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Liver cirrhosis is often associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but research on treatment of T2D in cirrhotic patients is scarce. We investigated the long-term outcomes of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in patients with T2D and cirrhosis. METHODS Using propensity score matching, we selected 467 matched pairs of GLP-1 RA users and nonusers from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2019. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the outcomes between GLP-1 RA users and nonusers. RESULTS The mean follow-up time was 3.28 and 3.06 years for GLP-1 RA users and nonusers, respectively. The rates of death were 27.46 and 55.90 per 1000 person-years for GLP-1 RA users and nonusers, respectively. The multivariable-adjusted models showed that GLP-1 RA users had lower risks of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32-0.69), cardiovascular events (aHR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.41-0.87), decompensated cirrhosis (aHR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.49-0.99), hepatic encephalopathy (aHR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36-0.97), and liver failure (aHR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.34-0.85) than nonusers. A longer cumulative duration of GLP-1 RA use had a lower risk of these outcomes than GLP-1 RA nonuse. CONCLUSIONS This population-based cohort study showed that GLP-1 RA users exhibited a significantly lower risk of death, cardiovascular events, decompensated cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy, and liver failure in patients with T2D and compensated liver cirrhosis. Additional studies are needed to confirm our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsiu Shih
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chung Y Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Yunlin, Taiwan.
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cernea S. NAFLD Fibrosis Progression and Type 2 Diabetes: The Hepatic-Metabolic Interplay. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:272. [PMID: 38398781 PMCID: PMC10890557 DOI: 10.3390/life14020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional relationship between type 2 diabetes and (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) NAFLD is indicated by the higher prevalence and worse disease course of one condition in the presence of the other, but also by apparent beneficial effects observed in one, when the other is improved. This is partly explained by their belonging to a multisystemic disease that includes components of the metabolic syndrome and shared pathogenetic mechanisms. Throughout the progression of NAFLD to more advanced stages, complex systemic and local metabolic derangements are involved. During fibrogenesis, a significant metabolic reprogramming occurs in the hepatic stellate cells, hepatocytes, and immune cells, engaging carbohydrate and lipid pathways to support the high-energy-requiring processes. The natural history of NAFLD evolves in a variable and dynamic manner, probably due to the interaction of a variable number of modifiable (diet, physical exercise, microbiota composition, etc.) and non-modifiable (genetics, age, ethnicity, etc.) risk factors that may intervene concomitantly, or subsequently/intermittently in time. This may influence the risk (and rate) of fibrosis progression/regression. The recognition and control of the factors that determine a rapid progression of fibrosis (or its regression) are critical, as the fibrosis stages are associated with the risk of liver-related and all-cause mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cernea
- Department M3, Internal Medicine I, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540142 Târgu Mureş, Romania; or
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Outpatient Unit, Emergency County Clinical Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureş, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lonardo A, Ballestri S, Mantovani A, Targher G, Bril F. Endpoints in NASH Clinical Trials: Are We Blind in One Eye? Metabolites 2024; 14:40. [PMID: 38248843 PMCID: PMC10820221 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review aims to illustrate the notion that nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), recently renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), is a systemic metabolic disorder featuring both adverse hepatic and extrahepatic outcomes. In recent years, several NASH trials have failed to identify effective pharmacological treatments and, therefore, lifestyle changes are the cornerstone of therapy for NASH. with this context, we analyze the epidemiological burden of NASH and the possible pathogenetic factors involved. These include genetic factors, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, immuno-thrombosis, oxidative stress, reprogramming of hepatic metabolism, and hypoxia, all of which eventually culminate in low-grade chronic inflammation and increased risk of fibrosis progression. The possible explanations underlying the failure of NASH trials are also accurately examined. We conclude that the high heterogeneity of NASH, resulting from variable genetic backgrounds, exposure, and responses to different metabolic stresses, susceptibility to hepatocyte lipotoxicity, and differences in repair-response, calls for personalized medicine approaches involving research on noninvasive biomarkers. Future NASH trials should aim at achieving a complete assessment of systemic determinants, modifiers, and correlates of NASH, thus adopting a more holistic and unbiased approach, notably including cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic outcomes, without restricting therapeutic perspectives to histological surrogates of liver-related outcomes alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Lonardo
- AOU—Modena—Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, 41126 Modena, Italy;
| | | | - Alessandro Mantovani
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy;
- Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore—Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Fernando Bril
- Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Padiadpu J, Garcia‐Jaramillo M, Newman NK, Pederson JW, Rodrigues R, Li Z, Singh S, Monnier P, Trinchieri G, Brown K, Dzutsev AK, Shulzhenko N, Jump DB, Morgun A. Multi-omic network analysis identified betacellulin as a novel target of omega-3 fatty acid attenuation of western diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e18367. [PMID: 37859621 PMCID: PMC10630881 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202318367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies established that supplementing diets with ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can reduce hepatic dysfunction in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) but molecular underpinnings of this action were elusive. Herein, we used multi-omic network analysis that unveiled critical molecular pathways involved in ω3 PUFA effects in a preclinical mouse model of western diet induced NASH. Since NASH is a precursor of liver cancer, we also performed meta-analysis of human liver cancer transcriptomes that uncovered betacellulin as a key EGFR-binding protein upregulated in liver cancer and downregulated by ω3 PUFAs in animals and humans with NASH. We then confirmed that betacellulin acts by promoting proliferation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells, inducing transforming growth factor-β2 and increasing collagen production. When used in combination with TLR2/4 agonists, betacellulin upregulated integrins in macrophages thereby potentiating inflammation and fibrosis. Taken together, our results suggest that suppression of betacellulin is one of the key mechanisms associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of ω3 PUFA on NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nolan K Newman
- College of PharmacyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Jacob W Pederson
- Carlson College of Veterinary MedicineOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Richard Rodrigues
- College of PharmacyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Carlson College of Veterinary MedicineOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Sehajvir Singh
- College of PharmacyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Philip Monnier
- College of PharmacyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Kevin Brown
- College of PharmacyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental EngineeringOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Amiran K Dzutsev
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- Carlson College of Veterinary MedicineOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Donald B Jump
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling InstituteOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Andrey Morgun
- College of PharmacyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reinson T, Buchanan RM, Byrne CD. Noninvasive serum biomarkers for liver fibrosis in NAFLD: current and future. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023; 29:S157-S170. [PMID: 36417894 PMCID: PMC10029954 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 20 years, noninvasive serum biomarkers to identify liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been developed, validated against liver biopsy (the gold standard for determining the presence of liver fibrosis) and made available for clinicians to use to identify ≥F3 liver fibrosis. The aim of this review is firstly to focus on the current use of widely available biomarkers and their performance for identifying ≥F3. Secondly, we discuss whether noninvasive biomarkers have a role in identifying F2, a stage of fibrosis that is now known to be a risk factor for cirrhosis and overall mortality. We also consider whether machine learning algorithms offer a better alternative for identifying individuals with ≥F2 fibrosis. Thirdly, we summarise the utility of noninvasive serum biomarkers for predicting liver related outcomes (e.g., ascites and hepatocellular carcinoma) and non-liver related outcomes (e.g., cardiovascular-related mortality and extra hepatic cancers). Finally, we examine whether serial measurement of biomarkers can be used to monitor liver disease, and whether the use of noninvasive biomarkers in drug trials for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis can accurately, compared to liver histology, monitor liver fibrosis progression/regression. We conclude by offering our perspective on the future of serum biomarkers for the detection and monitoring of liver fibrosis in NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Reinson
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K.
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, U.K.
| | - Ryan M. Buchanan
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, U.K.
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher D. Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K.
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pennisi G, Celsa C, Enea M, Vaccaro M, Di Marco V, Ciccioli C, Infantino G, La Mantia C, Parisi S, Vernuccio F, Craxì A, Cammà C, Petta S. Effect of pharmacological interventions and placebo on liver Histology in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A network meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2279-2288. [PMID: 35970684 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to quantify the histological improvement and its risk factors in patients with NASH enrolled in the placebo arms of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and to indirectly compare the effect of several investigational drugs for NASH on validated histological outcomes. DATA SYNTHESIS A comprehensive search was conducted to detect phase 2 and 3 RCTs comparing pharmacological interventions in patients with NASH. According to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendations, primary outcomes included: 1) NASH resolution without worsening of fibrosis; 2) At least 1-point reduction in fibrosis without worsening of NASH. Meta-analysis and meta-regressions were conducted on placebo arms, while network meta-analysis was performed on intervention arms. A total of 15 RCTs met the eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis on placebo arms showed a pooled estimate rate of 17% (95%C.I. 12%-23%;I2 = 86%; p < 0.01) for NASH resolution without worsening of fibrosis and of 21% (95%C.I. 13%-31%;I2 = 84%; p < 0.01) for ≥1stage improvement of fibrosis without worsening of NASH. Phase 3 (vs Phase 2)RCTs, older age and higher AST levels were significantly associated with progression of liver disease by univariate meta-regression. At network meta-analysis, Semaglutide (P-score 0.906), Pioglitazione alone (score 0.890) and plus Vitamin E (0.826) had the highest probability of being ranked the most effective intervention for NASH resolution without worsening of fibrosis, while Aldafermin (0.776), Lanifibranor (0.773) and Obeticholic acid (0.771) had the highest probability to achieve ≥1 stage of fibrosis improvement without worsening of NASH. CONCLUSION This study confirms the heterogeneity of histological progression of untreated patients with NASH and provides evidence to stratify patients according to identified risk factors in future RCTs of combination therapies. PROSPERO CRD42021287205.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Pennisi
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Ciro Celsa
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Enea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Aziendali e Statistiche, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Vaccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Aziendali e Statistiche, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Di Marco
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Ciccioli
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Infantino
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia La Mantia
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefanie Parisi
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Vernuccio
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata (BIND), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Craxì
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Cammà
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rojas Á, Lara-Romero C, Muñoz-Hernández R, Gato S, Ampuero J, Romero-Gómez M. Emerging pharmacological treatment options for MAFLD. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2022; 13:20420188221142452. [PMID: 36533188 PMCID: PMC9747889 DOI: 10.1177/20420188221142452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) prevalence and incidence is rising globally. It is associated with metabolic comorbidities, obesity, overweight, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and at least two metabolic risk factors, such as hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk, increasing the risk of mortality. The excessive accumulation of fat comprises apoptosis, necrosis, inflammation and ballooning degeneration progressing to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver decompensations including hepatocellular carcinoma development. The limitation of approved drugs to prevent MAFLD progression is a paradigm. This review focuses on recent pathways and targets with evidence results in phase II/III clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Rojas
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Antonio Maura Montaner s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, Planta 0 28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Lara-Romero
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Muñoz-Hernández
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sheila Gato
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ampuero
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|