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Martins-Loução MA, Correia PJ, Romano A. Carob: A Mediterranean Resource for the Future. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1188. [PMID: 38732403 PMCID: PMC11085513 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
For centuries, the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) has contributed to the economy of the Mediterranean basin, mainly as food for livestock. Nowadays, the value of the carob tree extends far beyond its traditional uses, encompassing a wide range of industries and applications that take advantage of its unique properties and nutritional benefits. Despite its high industrial demand and European indications, there has been a 65% reduction in the area cultivated throughout the Mediterranean area in the 21st century. Given the threats posed by climate change, including reduced water availability and nutrient-depleted soils, there is a growing need to focus on this crop, which is well placed to cope with unpredictable weather. In this review, we use a bibliographic search approach to emphasise the prioritisation of research needs for effective carob tree exploitation. We found enormous gaps in the scientific knowledge of this under-utilised crop species with fruit pulp and seeds of high industrial value. Insufficient understanding of the biology of the species, as well as inadequate agronomic practices, compromise the quantity and the quality of fruits available to the industry. In addition to industrial applications, carob can also be used in reforestation or restoration programmes, providing a valuable crop while promoting biodiversity conservation and soil restoration. The carbon sequestration potential of the trees should be taken into account as a promising alternative in fighting climate change. This bibliographic search has highlighted clusters with different knowledge gaps that require further research and investment. The carob tree has untapped potential for innovation, economic development, and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Amélia Martins-Loução
- cE3c—Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro José Correia
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Ed. 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Anabela Romano
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Ed. 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
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Feng J, Lv W, Xu J, Huang Z, Rui W, Lei X, Ju X, Li Z. Overlapping Root Architecture and Gene Expression of Nitrogen Transporters for Nitrogen Acquisition of Tomato Plants Colonized with Isolates of Funneliformis mosseae in Hydroponic Production. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1176. [PMID: 35567176 PMCID: PMC9103823 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) upon the nitrogen (N) uptake of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) plants is crucial for effectively utilizing these beneficial microorganisms in industrial hydroponic tomato production. Yet it remains unknown whether, besides fungal delivery, the AMF also affects N uptake via altered plant root growth or whether, together with changed N transporters expression of hosts, this impact is isolate-specific. We investigated tomato root architecture and the expression of LeAMT1.1, LeAMT1.2, and LeNRT2.3 genes in roots inoculated with five isolates of Funneliformis mosseae, these collected from different geographical locations, under greenhouse conditions with nutritional solution in coconut coir production. Our results revealed that isolate-specific AMF inoculation strongly increased the root biomass, total root length, surface area, and volume. Linear relationships were found between the total root length and N accumulation in plants. Furthermore, expression levels of LeAMT1.1, LeAMT1.2, and LeNRT2.3 were significantly up-regulated by inoculation with F. mosseae with isolate-specific. These results implied N uptake greater than predicted by root growth, and N transporters up-regulated by AMF symbiosis in an isolate-specific manner. Thus, an overlap in root biomass, architecture and expression of N transporters increase N acquisition in tomato plants in the symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Feng
- Beijing key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University (CAU), Haidian District, Yuanmingyuanxilu 2, Beijing 100193, China; (J.F.); (W.L.); (Z.H.); (W.R.)
| | - Weixing Lv
- Beijing key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University (CAU), Haidian District, Yuanmingyuanxilu 2, Beijing 100193, China; (J.F.); (W.L.); (Z.H.); (W.R.)
| | - Jing Xu
- Beijing Agricultural Extention Station, Huixinxili 10, Changyang District, Beijing 100029, China; (J.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhe Huang
- Beijing key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University (CAU), Haidian District, Yuanmingyuanxilu 2, Beijing 100193, China; (J.F.); (W.L.); (Z.H.); (W.R.)
| | - Wenjing Rui
- Beijing key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University (CAU), Haidian District, Yuanmingyuanxilu 2, Beijing 100193, China; (J.F.); (W.L.); (Z.H.); (W.R.)
| | - Xihong Lei
- Beijing Agricultural Extention Station, Huixinxili 10, Changyang District, Beijing 100029, China; (J.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuehai Ju
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China;
| | - Zhifang Li
- Beijing key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University (CAU), Haidian District, Yuanmingyuanxilu 2, Beijing 100193, China; (J.F.); (W.L.); (Z.H.); (W.R.)
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Effects of green-manure and tillage management on soil microbial community composition, nutrients and tree growth in a walnut orchard. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16882. [PMID: 34413432 PMCID: PMC8377041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterized the effect of green manures (February orchid, hairy vetch, rattail fescue and a no-green-manure control) and the termination method (flail or disk) on nutrient contents, enzyme activities, microbial biomass, microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil and vegetative growth of walnut tree. All three selected green manures significantly enhanced the water content, organic C, total N and available P. The rattail fescue significantly decreased the mineral N. Total organic C, total N, mineral N and available P were significantly greater under flail than under disk. Hairy vetch and February orchid significantly improved levels of soil β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase activity, whereas rattail fescue improved only β-glucosidase activity. All of the green manures significantly decreased phenoloxidase activity. β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase activities were significantly greater under flail relative to disk. The termination method had no significant effect on phenoloxidase activity. The different types of green manures and termination methods significantly altered the soil microbial biomass and microbial community structure. The green-manure treatments were characterized by a significantly greater abundance of Gram-positive (Gram +) bacteria, total bacteria and saprophytic fungi compared to the control. Hairy vetch significantly decreased the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) while February orchid and rattail fescue increased their abundance compared to the no-green-manure treatment. The abundance rates of Gram+ bacteria, actinomycetes, saprophytic fungi and AMF were significantly greater in soils under flail than under disk. In terms of vegetative growth of walnut tree, hairy vetch showed the greatest positive effects. The growth of walnut tree was significantly greater under flail relative to disk. Our results indicate that green-manure application benefits the rhizosphere soil micro-ecology, rhizosphere soil nutrient contents and tree growth. Overall, the hairy vetch and flail combined treatment is recommended for walnut orchards in northern China.
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Sheteiwy MS, Abd Elgawad H, Xiong YC, Macovei A, Brestic M, Skalicky M, Shaghaleh H, Alhaj Hamoud Y, El-Sawah AM. Inoculation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and mycorrhiza confers tolerance to drought stress and improve seed yield and quality of soybean plant. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:2153-2169. [PMID: 33964177 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and/or Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) as natural biofertilizers on biomass, yield, and seed nutritive quality of soybean (Giza 111). The conditions investigated include a well-watered (WW) control and irrigation withholding at the seed development stage (R5, after 90 days from sowing) (DS). Co-inoculation with B. amyloliquefaciens and AMF, resulted in the highest plant biomass and yield under WW and DS conditions. The nuclear DNA content analysis suggested that co-inoculation with B. amyloliquefaciens and AMF decreased the inhibition of drought stress on both the size and granularity of seed cells, which were comparable to the normal level. The single or co-inoculation with B. amyloliquefaciens and AMF increased the primary metabolites content and alleviated the drought-induced reduction in soluble sugars, lipids, protein and oil contents. Plant inoculation induced the expression of genes involved in lipid and protein biosynthesis, whereas an opposite trend was observed for genes involved in lipid and protein degradation, supporting the observed increase in lipid and protein content. Plant inoculated with B. amyloliquefaciens showed the highest α-amylase and β-amylase activities, indicating improved osmolyte (soluble sugar) synthesis, particularly under drought. Interestingly, single or co-inoculation further strengthen the positive effect of drought on the antioxidant and osmoprotectant levels, i.e. phenol, flavonoid, glycine betaine contents, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity. As a result of stress release, there was a decrease in the level of stress hormones (abscisic acid, ABA) and an increase in gibberellin (GA), trans-zeatin-riboside (ZR), and indole acetic acid (IAA) in the seeds of inoculated plants. Additionally, the ATP content, hydrolytic activities of plasma membrane H+ -ATPase, Ca2+ -ATPase, and Mg2+ -ATPase were also increased by the inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Sheteiwy
- Salt-Soil Agricultural Center, Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing, China
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hamada Abd Elgawad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Beni-Suef, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - You-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Anca Macovei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hiba Shaghaleh
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yousef Alhaj Hamoud
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ahmed M El-Sawah
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Ye T, Zhang J, Li J, Lu J, Ren T, Cong R, Lu Z, Li X. Nitrogen/potassium interactions increase rice yield by improving canopy performance. Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tinghong Ye
- College of Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- Microelement Research Center Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- Microelement Research Center Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- Microelement Research Center Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- College of Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- Microelement Research Center Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- Microelement Research Center Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- College of Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- Microelement Research Center Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- Microelement Research Center Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- Microelement Research Center Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- Shuangshui Shuanglv Institute Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
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6
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Soil nutrients differentially influence root colonisation patterns of AMF and DSE in Australian plant species. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Bodner G, Loiskandl W, Hartl W, Erhart E, Sobotik M. Characterization of Cover Crop Rooting Types from Integration of Rhizobox Imaging and Root Atlas Information. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E514. [PMID: 31744188 PMCID: PMC6918168 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plant root systems are essential for sustainable agriculture, conveying resource-efficient genotypes and species with benefits to soil ecosystem functions. Targeted selection of species/genotypes depends on available root system information. Currently there is no standardized approach for comprehensive root system characterization, suggesting the need for data integration across methods and sources. Here, we combine field measured root descriptors from the classical Root Atlas series with traits from controlled-environment root imaging for 10 cover crop species to (i) detect descriptors scaling between distant experimental methods, (ii) provide traits for species classification, and (iii) discuss implications for cover crop ecosystem functions. Results revealed relation of single axes measures from root imaging (convex hull, primary-lateral length ratio) to Root Atlas field descriptors (depth, branching order). Using composite root variables (principal components) for branching, morphology, and assimilate investment traits, cover crops were classified into species with (i) topsoil-allocated large diameter rooting type, (ii) low-branched primary/shoot-born axes-dominated rooting type, and (iii) highly branched dense rooting type, with classification trait-dependent distinction according to depth distribution. Data integration facilitated identification of root classification variables to derive root-related cover crop distinction, indicating their agro-ecological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Bodner
- Institute of Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
- Austrian Society of Root Research, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; (W.L.); (W.H.); (E.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Willibald Loiskandl
- Austrian Society of Root Research, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; (W.L.); (W.H.); (E.E.); (M.S.)
- Institute for Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Hartl
- Austrian Society of Root Research, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; (W.L.); (W.H.); (E.E.); (M.S.)
- Bioforschung Austria, Esslinger Hauptstrasse 132-134, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Erhart
- Austrian Society of Root Research, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; (W.L.); (W.H.); (E.E.); (M.S.)
- Bioforschung Austria, Esslinger Hauptstrasse 132-134, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Sobotik
- Austrian Society of Root Research, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; (W.L.); (W.H.); (E.E.); (M.S.)
- Pflanzensoziologisches Institut, Pichlern 9, A-4822 Bad Goisern, Austria
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Lotfi M, Fernandez K, Vermeir P, Mars M. In vitro mycorrhization of pear (Pyrus communis). MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:607-614. [PMID: 31643005 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00919-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Mycelium Donor Plant system (MDP) was adapted to study the time course of the colonization of Pyrus communis by Rhizophagus irregularis under in vitro conditions. Isolated germinated spores did not colonize pear roots. Inoculum composed of R. irregularis spores/mycelium associated with chicory root fragments was used to inoculate Medicago truncatula which became thereafter the MDP of pear plantlets. Typical intraradical structures (hyphae, arbuscules, spores/vesicles) and appressoria were observed in the pear roots. During acclimatization, the pear plants formed a densely branched root system. R. irregularis colonization not only altered the root architecture but also changed the nutrient composition of the acclimatized pear plantlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Lotfi
- Research Unit on Agrobiodiversity (UR13AGR05), Department of Horticultural Sciences, Higher Agronomic Institute, IRESA-University of Sousse, 4042, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia
- Laboratory for Applied In Vitro Plant Biotechnology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kalyanne Fernandez
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA), CP 32700, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Laboratory for Chemical Analysis, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Messaoud Mars
- Research Unit on Agrobiodiversity (UR13AGR05), Department of Horticultural Sciences, Higher Agronomic Institute, IRESA-University of Sousse, 4042, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia
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Zhao S, Chen A, Chen C, Li C, Xia R, Wang X. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the possible roles of sugar metabolism and export for positive mycorrhizal growth responses in soybean. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:712-728. [PMID: 30288747 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate molecular mechanisms controlling differential growth responses to root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi varying in colonization and cooperative behavior, a pot experiment was carried out using two soybean genotypes and three AM inocula. The results showed that inoculation by cooperative Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri) or less cooperative Glomus aggregatum with high AM colonization (Ga-H) significantly promoted plant growth compared with inoculation by G. aggregatum with low AM colonization (Ga-L). A comparative RNA sequencing analysis of the root transcriptomes showed that fatty acid synthesis pathway was significantly enriched in all three AM inoculation roots. However, sugar metabolism and transport were significantly enriched only in Ri and Ga-H inoculation, which was consistent with positive growth responses in these two inoculation treatments. Accordingly, the expression levels of the key genes related to sugar metabolism and transport were also upregulated in Ri and Ga-H roots compared with Ga-L roots. Of them, two sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET) transporter genes, GmSWEET6 (Glyma.04G198600) and GmSWEET15 (Glyma.06G166800), and one invertase (Glyma.17G227900) gene were exclusively induced only in Ri and Ga-H roots. Promoter analyses in transgenic soybean roots further demonstrated that GUS driven by the GmSWEET6 promoter was highly expressed in arbuscule-containing cortical cells. Additionally, Ri and Ga-H inoculation increased the contents of sucrose, glucose and fructose in both shoots and roots compared with those of Ga-L and non-mycorrhizal. These results imply that positive mycorrhizal growth responses in plants might mostly be due to the stimulation of photosynthate metabolism and transport by AM fungal inoculum with high colonization capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - A Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chengjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chengchen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Nawaz MA, Jiao Y, Chen C, Shireen F, Zheng Z, Imtiaz M, Bie Z, Huang Y. Melatonin pretreatment improves vanadium stress tolerance of watermelon seedlings by reducing vanadium concentration in the leaves and regulating melatonin biosynthesis and antioxidant-related gene expression. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 220:115-127. [PMID: 29172132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium (V) is an important heavy metal with ubiquitous presence in the Earth's crust, but limited information is available as to its effect on plants and management strategies. Melatonin is a widely studied biomolecule; it acts as an antioxidant and a signaling molecule that enhances the abiotic stress tolerance of plants. Melatonin improves copper, zinc, and cadmium tolerance in plants. In this study, we investigated the response of watermelon seedlings to V stress and the potential role of melatonin in enhancing V stress tolerance of watermelon seedlings. The results showed that seedlings pretreated with melatonin (0.1μM) exposed to V (50mg/L) had a higher relative chlorophyll content (SPAD index), photosynthetic assimilation, and plant growth compared with non-melatonin pretreated seedlings. Melatonin pretreatment lowered leaf and stem V concentrations by reducing V transport from root to shoot. Melatonin pretreatment enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and reduced the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of watermelon seedlings, by regulating melatonin biosynthesis and gene expression for superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase. So far as we know, these results are the first evidence that melatonin improves plant growth of watermelon seedlings under vanadium stress conditions. Considering these observations, melatonin can be utilized to reduce the availability of V to plants, and improve plant growth and V stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azher Nawaz
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Department of Horticulture, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Yanyan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Fareeha Shireen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zuhua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhilong Bie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Corrêa A, Cruz C, Ferrol N. Nitrogen and carbon/nitrogen dynamics in arbuscular mycorrhiza: the great unknown. MYCORRHIZA 2015; 25:499-515. [PMID: 25681010 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have established that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi transfer N to the host plant. However, the role and importance of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) in plant N nutrition is still uncertain, as are the C/N interactions within the symbiosis. Published reports provide differing, and often contradictory, results that are difficult to combine in a coherent framework. This review explores questions such as: What makes the difference between a positive and a negative effect of AM on plant N nutrition? Is the mycorrhizal N response (MNR) correlated to the mycorrhizal growth response (MGR), and how or under which conditions? Is the MNR effect on plant growth C mediated? Is plant C investment on fungal growth related to N needs or N benefit? How is the N for C trade between symbionts regulated? The patternless nature of current knowledge is made evident, and possible reasons for this are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Corrêa
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
- Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - C Cruz
- Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - N Ferrol
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
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12
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Zhang HS, Qin FF, Qin P, Pan SM. Evidence that arbuscular mycorrhizal and phosphate-solubilizing fungi alleviate NaCl stress in the halophyte Kosteletzkya virginica: nutrient uptake and ion distribution within root tissues. MYCORRHIZA 2014; 24:383-95. [PMID: 24343115 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-013-0546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, Glomus mosseae, and a phosphate-solubilizing microorganism (PSM), Mortierella sp., and their interactions, on nutrient (N, P and K) uptake and the ionic composition of different root tissues of the halophyte Kosteletzkya virginica (L.), cultured with or without NaCl, were evaluated. Plant biomass, AM colonization and PSM populations were also assessed. Salt stress adversely affected plant nutrient acquisition, especially root P and K, resulting in an important reduction in shoot dry biomass. Inoculation of the AM fungus or/and PSM strongly promoted AM colonization, PSM populations, plant dry biomass, root/shoot dry weight ratio and nutrient uptake by K. virginica, regardless of salinity level. Ion accumulation in root tissues was inhibited by salt stress. However, dual inoculation of the AM fungus and PSM significantly enhanced ion (e.g., Na(+), Cl(-), K(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+)) accumulation in different root tissues, and maintained lower Na(+)/K(+) and Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ratios and a higher Na(+)/Ca(2+) ratio, compared to non-inoculated plants under 100 mM NaCl conditions. Correlation coefficient analysis demonstrated that plant (shoot or root) dry biomass correlated positively with plant nutrient uptake and ion (e.g., Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+) and Cl(-)) concentrations of different root tissues, and correlated negatively with Na(+)/K(+) ratios in the epidermis and cortex. Simultaneously, root/shoot dry weight ratio correlated positively with Na(+)/Ca(2+) ratios in most root tissues. These findings suggest that combined AM fungus and PSM inoculation alleviates the deleterious effects of salt on plant growth by enabling greater nutrient (e.g., P, N and K) absorption, higher accumulation of Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+) and Cl(-) in different root tissues, and maintenance of lower root Na(+)/K(+) and higher Na(+)/Ca(2+) ratios when salinity is within acceptable limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Shi Zhang
- Halophyte Research Laboratory, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China
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13
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Corrêa A, Cruz C, Pérez-Tienda J, Ferrol N. Shedding light onto nutrient responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal plants: nutrient interactions may lead to unpredicted outcomes of the symbiosis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 221-222:29-41. [PMID: 24656333 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The role and importance of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) in plant nitrogen (N) nutrition is uncertain. We propose that this be clarified by using more integrative experimental designs, with the use of a gradient of N supply and the quantification of an extensive array of plant nutrient contents. Using such an experimental design, we investigated AM effects on plant N nutrition, whether the mycorrhizal N response (MNR) determines the mycorrhizal growth response (MGR), and how MNR influences plants' C economy. Oryza sativa plants were inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis or Funneliformis mossae. AM effects were studied along a gradient of N supplies. Biomass, photosynthesis, nutrient and starch contents, mycorrhizal colonization and OsPT11 gene expression were measured. C investment in fungal growth was estimated. Results showed that, in rice, MGR was dependent on AM nutrient uptake effects, namely on the synergy between N and Zn, and not on C expenditure. The supply of C to the fungus was dependent on the plant's nutrient demand, indicated by high shoot C/N or low %N. We conclude that one of the real reasons for the negative MGR of rice, Zn deficiency of AMF plants, would have remained hidden without an experimental design allowing the observation of plants' response to AM along gradients of nutrient concentrations. Adopting more integrative and comprehensive experimental approaches in mycorrhizal studies seems therefore essential if we are to achieve a true understanding of AM function, namely of the mechanisms of C/N exchange regulation in AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Corrêa
- Depto. de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain; Centre for Environmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Cruz
- Centre for Environmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jacob Pérez-Tienda
- Depto. de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Nuria Ferrol
- Depto. de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
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14
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Ma J, Jaraba J, Kirkpatrick TL, Rothrock CS. Effects of Meloidogyne incognita and Thielaviopsis basicola on cotton growth and root morphology. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2014; 104:507-512. [PMID: 24283540 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-12-0120-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Effects of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and the fungal pathogen Thielaviopsis basicola on cotton seedling growth and root morphology were evaluated in controlled environmental experiments. Four pathogen treatments, including noninfested soil, soil infested with M. incognita, soil infested with T. basicola, and soil infested with both pathogens were evaluated at soil bulk densities (BDs) of 1.25 and 1.50 g/cm(3). Plant growth and the morphology of the root systems were evaluated 44 days after planting. Infestation with M. incognita and T. basicola together significantly reduced seedling emergence, number of stem nodes, and root system volume compared with either pathogen alone. Either M. incognita or T. basicola reduced plant height, root fresh weight, top dry weight; root parameters total root length, surface area, and links; and root topological parameters magnitude, altitude, and exterior path length. M. incognita infection increased root radius. Root colonization by T. basicola increased with the presence of M. incognita at the lower soil BD. In contrast to previous research with Pythium spp., root topological indices (TIs) were similar with all of the treatments. Root TIs were near 1.92, indicating a herringbone (less branching) root architectural structure. Studying root architecture using a topological model offers an additional approach to evaluating fungi and nematodes and their interactions for soilborne-pathogen systems.
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15
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Rubio-Asensio JS, López-Berenguer C, García-de la Garma J, Burger M, Bloom AJ. Root Strategies for Nitrate Assimilation. SOIL BIOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-54276-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Wang X, Pan Q, Chen F, Yan X, Liao H. Effects of co-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia on soybean growth as related to root architecture and availability of N and P. MYCORRHIZA 2011; 21:173-81. [PMID: 20544230 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-010-0319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Soybean plants can form tripartite symbiotic associations with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, but little is known about effects of co-inoculation with rhizobia and AM fungi on plant growth, or their relationships to root architecture as well as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability. In the present study, two soybean genotypes contrasting in root architecture were grown in a field experiment to evaluate relationships among soybean root architecture, AMF colonization, and nodulation under natural conditions. Additionally, a soil pot experiment in greenhouse was conducted to investigate the effects of co-inoculation with rhizobia and AM fungi on soybean growth, and uptake of N and P. Our results indicated that there was a complementary relationship between root architecture and AMF colonization in the field. The deep root soybean genotype had greater AMF colonization at low P, but better nodulation with high P supply than the shallow root genotype. A synergistic relationship dependent on N and P status exists between rhizobia and AM fungi on soybean growth. Co-inoculation with rhizobia and AM fungi significantly increased soybean growth under low P and/or low N conditions as indicated by increased shoot dry weight, along with plant N and P content. There were no significant effects of inoculation under adequate N and P conditions. Furthermore, the effects of co-inoculation were related to root architecture. The deep root genotype, HN112, benefited more from co-inoculation than the shallow root genotype, HN89. Our results elucidate new insights into the relationship between rhizobia, AM fungi, and plant growth under limitation of multiple nutrients, and thereby provides a theoretical basis for application of co-inoculation in field-grown soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Nutrition in South China, Ministry of Agriculture; Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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18
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The Soil Microbial Community and Grain Micronutrient Concentration of Historical and Modern Hard Red Spring Wheat Cultivars Grown Organically and Conventionally in the Black Soil Zone of the Canadian Prairies. SUSTAINABILITY 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/su3030500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Kraiser T, Gras DE, Gutiérrez AG, González B, Gutiérrez RA. A holistic view of nitrogen acquisition in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:1455-66. [PMID: 21239377 PMCID: PMC3137434 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is the mineral nutrient required in the greatest amount and its availability is a major factor limiting growth and development of plants. As sessile organisms, plants have evolved different strategies to adapt to changes in the availability and distribution of N in soils. These strategies include mechanisms that act at different levels of biological organization from the molecular to the ecosystem level. At the molecular level, plants can adjust their capacity to acquire different forms of N in a range of concentrations by modulating the expression and function of genes in different N uptake systems. Modulation of plant growth and development, most notably changes in the root system architecture, can also greatly impact plant N acquisition in the soil. At the organism and ecosystem levels, plants establish associations with diverse microorganisms to ensure adequate nutrition and N supply. These different adaptive mechanisms have been traditionally discussed separately in the literature. To understand plant N nutrition in the environment, an integrated view of all pathways contributing to plant N acquisition is required. Towards this goal, in this review the different mechanisms that plants utilize to maintain an adequate N supply are summarized and integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kraiser
- Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Nucleus for Plant Functional Genomics, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Diana E. Gras
- Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Nucleus for Plant Functional Genomics, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Alvaro G. Gutiérrez
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Permoser str. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernardo González
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencia, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago 7941169, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A. Gutiérrez
- Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Nucleus for Plant Functional Genomics, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
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20
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Sun Y, Gu JC, Zhuang HF, Wang ZQ. Effects of ectomycorrhizal colonization and nitrogen fertilization on morphology of root tips in a Larix gmelinii plantation in northeastern China. Ecol Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-009-0654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Echeverria M, Scambato AA, Sannazzaro AI, Maiale S, Ruiz OA, Menéndez AB. Phenotypic plasticity with respect to salt stress response by Lotus glaber: the role of its AM fungal and rhizobial symbionts. MYCORRHIZA 2008; 18:317-329. [PMID: 18654803 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-008-0184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Our hypothesis is that Lotus glaber (a glycophytic species, highly tolerant to saline-alkaline soils) displays a plastic root phenotypic response to soil salinity that may be influenced by mycorrhizal and rhizobial microorganisms. Uninoculated plants and plants colonised by Glomus intraradices or Mesorhizobium loti were exposed to either 150 or 0 mM NaCl. General plant growth and root architectural parameters (morphology and topology) were measured and phenotypic plasticity determined at the end of the salt treatment period. Two genotypes differing in their salt tolerance capacity were used in this study. G. intraradices and M. loti reduced the total biomass of non-salinised, sensitive plants, but they did not affect that of corresponding tolerant ones. Root morphology of sensitive plants was greatly affected by salinity, whereas mycorrhiza establishment counteracted salinity effects. Under both saline conditions, the external link length and the internal link length of mycorrhizal salt-sensitive plants were higher than those of uninoculated control and rhizobial treatments. The topological trend (TT) was strongly influenced by genotype x symbiosis interaction. Under non-saline conditions, nodulated root systems of the sensitive plant genotype had a more herringbone architecture than corresponding uninoculated ones. At 150 mM NaCl, nodulated root systems of tolerant plants were more dichotomous and those of the corresponding sensitive genotype more herringbone in architecture. Notwithstanding the absence of a link between TTs and variations in plant growth, it is possible to predict a dissimilar adaptation of plants with different TTs. Root colonisation by either symbiotic microorganisms reduced the level of root phenotypic plasticity in the sensitive plant genotype. We conclude that root plasticity could be part of the general mechanism of L. glaber salt tolerance only in the case of non-symbiotic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Echeverria
- Unidad de Biotecnología 3, IIB-IINTECH/UNSAM-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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22
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Karagiannidis N, Nikolaou N, Ipsilantis I, Zioziou E. Effects of different N fertilizers on the activity of Glomus mosseae and on grapevine nutrition and berry composition. MYCORRHIZA 2007; 18:43-50. [PMID: 17987325 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-007-0153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine N fertilization may affect and be affected by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal colonization and change berry composition. We studied the effects of different N fertilizers on AM fungal grapevine root colonization and sporulation, and on grapevine growth, nutrition, and berry composition, by conducting a 3.5-year pot study supplying grapevine plants with either urea, calcium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, or ammonium nitrate. We measured the percentage of AM fungal root colonization, AM fungal sporulation, grapevine shoot dry weight and number of leaves, nutrient composition (macro- and micronutrients), and grapevine berry soluble solids (total sugars or degrees Brix) and total acidity. Urea suppressed AM fungal root colonization and sporulation. Mycorrhizal grapevine plants had higher shoot dry weight and number of leaves than non-mycorrhizal and with a higher growth response with calcium nitrate as the N source. For the macronutrients P and K, and for the micronutrient B, leaf concentration was higher in mycorrhizal plants. Non-mycorrhizal plants had higher concentration of microelements Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu than mycorrhizal. There were no differences in soluble solids ( degrees Brix) in grapevine berries among mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. However, non-mycorrhizal grapevine berries had higher acid content with ammonium nitrate, although they did not have better N nutrition and vegetative growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Karagiannidis
- Soil Science Lab, Technological and Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, 54101, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - N Nikolaou
- Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I Ipsilantis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221, Larissa, Greece
| | - E Zioziou
- Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Frenzel A, Tiller N, Hause B, Krajinski F. The conserved arbuscular mycorrhiza-specific transcription of the secretory lectin MtLec5 is mediated by a short upstream sequence containing specific protein binding sites. PLANTA 2006; 224:792-800. [PMID: 16596411 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-006-0262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In Medicago truncatula a family of mycorrhiza-specific expressed lectins has been identified recently, but the function and regulation of these lectins during the arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis are still unknown. In order to characterize a first member of this protein family, MtLec5 was analyzed concerning its localization and regulation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that MtLec5 is a secretory protein indicating a role as a vegetative storage protein, which is specifically expressed in mycorrhizal root systems. To study the molecular mechanisms leading to the mycorrhiza-specific transcription, deletion studies of pMtLec5 were done using reporter gene fusions. Potential cis-acting elements could be narrowed down to a 150 bp fragment that was located approximately at -300/-150 according to the transcription start, suggesting the binding of positive regulators to this area. Similar expression pattern of the reporter gene was found after transforming roots of the non-legume Nicotiana tabacum with the heterologous promoter-reporter fusions. This indicated that the observed mycorrhiza-specific transcriptional induction is not legume-specific. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that several factors which were exclusively present in mycorrhizal roots bind within the 150 bp promoter area. This strengthens the hypothesis of positive regulators mediating the AM-specific gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Frenzel
- Lehrgebiet Molekulargenetik, Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
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Valot B, Dieu M, Recorbet G, Raes M, Gianinazzi S, Dumas-Gaudot E. Identification of membrane-associated proteins regulated by the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 59:565-80. [PMID: 16244907 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-005-8269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A sub-cellular proteomic approach was carried out to monitor membrane-associated protein modifications in response to the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Membrane proteins were extracted from Medicago truncatula roots either inoculated or not with the AM fungus Glomus intraradices. Comparative two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed that 36 spots were differentially displayed in response to the fungal colonization including 15 proteins induced, 3 up-regulated and 18 down-regulated. Among them, seven proteins were found to be commonly down-regulated in AM-colonized and phosphate-fertilized roots. Twenty-five spots out of the 36 of interest could be identified by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight and/or tandem mass spectrometry analyses. Excepting an acid phosphatase and a lectin, none of them was previously reported as being regulated during AM symbiosis. In addition, this proteomic approach allowed us for the first time to identify AM fungal proteins in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Valot
- UMR 1088 INRA/CNRS 5184/UB Plante-Microbe-Environnement, INRA/CMSE, BP 86510, 21065 cedex, Dijon, France
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