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Idbella M, Baronti S, Vaccari FP, Abd-ElGawad AM, Bonanomi G. Long-Term Application of Biochar Mitigates Negative Plant-Soil Feedback by Shaping Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Fungal Pathogens. Microorganisms 2024; 12:810. [PMID: 38674754 PMCID: PMC11052468 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Negative plant-soil feedback (PSF) arises when localized accumulations of pathogens reduce the growth of conspecifics, whereas positive PSF can occur due to the emergence of mutualists. Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced by the pyrolysis of organic matter, has been shown to modulate soil microbial communities by altering their abundance, diversity, and activity. For this reason, to assess the long-term impact of biochar on soil microbiome dynamics and subsequent plant performance, we conducted a PSF greenhouse experiment using field soil conditioned over 10 years with Vitis vinifera (L.), without (e.g., C) or with biochar at two rates (e.g., B and BB). Subsequently, the conditioned soil was employed in a response phase involving either the same plant species or different species, i.e., Medicago sativa (L.), Lolium perenne (L.), and Solanum lycopersicum (L.). We utilized next-generation sequencing to assess the abundance and diversity of fungal pathogens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) within each conditioned soil. Our findings demonstrate that biochar application exerted a stimulatory effect on the growth of both conspecifics and heterospecifics. In addition, our results show that untreated soils had a higher abundance of grape-specialized fungal pathogens, mainly Ilyonectria liriodendra, with a relative abundance of 20.6% compared to 2.1% and 5.1% in B and BB, respectively. Cryptovalsa ampelina also demonstrated higher prevalence in untreated soils, accounting for 4.3% compared to 0.4% in B and 0.1% in BB. Additionally, Phaeoacremonium iranianum was exclusively present in untreated soils, comprising 12.2% of the pathogens' population. Conversely, the application of biochar reduced generalist fungal pathogens. For instance, Plenodomus biglobosus decreased from 10.5% in C to 7.1% in B and 2.3% in BB, while Ilyonectria mors-panacis declined from 5.8% in C to 0.5% in B and 0.2% in BB. Furthermore, biochar application was found to enrich the AMF community. Notably, certain species like Funneliformis geosporum exhibited increased relative abundance in biochar-treated soils, reaching 46.8% in B and 70.3% in BB, compared to 40.5% in untreated soils. Concurrently, other AMF species, namely Rhizophagus irregularis, Rhizophagus diaphanus, and Claroideoglomus drummondii, were exclusively observed in soils where biochar was applied. We propose that the alleviation of negative PSF can be attributed to the positive influence of AMF in the absence of strong inhibition by pathogens. In conclusion, our study underscores the potential of biochar application as a strategic agricultural practice for promoting sustainable soil management over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Idbella
- College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Silvia Baronti
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via Giovanni Caproni, 8, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (S.B.); (F.P.V.)
| | - Francesco Primo Vaccari
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via Giovanni Caproni, 8, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (S.B.); (F.P.V.)
| | - Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Giuliano Bonanomi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy;
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Batzer JC, Shirazi A, Lawson M, Mathew FM, Sureshbabu BM, Smith DL, Mueller DS. Impact of Foliar Fungicide Application on the Culturable Fungal Endophyte Community of Soybean Seed in the Midwest United States. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:647-657. [PMID: 37729650 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-23-1122-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to determine whether the application of quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) and pyrazole-carboxamide fungicides as a tank mix would impact the endophyte community of soybean seed. Field trials during 2018 in Iowa, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, U.S.A., investigated the impact of a single combination fungicide spray at early pod set in soybeans. The composition of culturable endophytic fungi in mature soybean seed was assessed on three cultivars per state, with maturity groups (MGs) ranging from 1.1 to 4.7. An unusually wet 2018 season delayed harvest, which led to a high level of fungal growth in grain. The survey included 1,080 asymptomatic seeds that were disinfested and individually placed on 5-cm-diameter Petri plates of acidified water agar. The survey yielded 721 fungal isolates belonging to 24 putative species in seven genera; taxa were grouped into genera based on a combination of morphological and molecular evidence. The dominant genera encountered in the survey were Alternaria, Diaporthe, and Fusarium. The study showed that the fungicide treatment reduced the incidence of Fusarium in Wisconsin seed, increased the incidence of Diaporthe in seed from all states, and had no impact on the incidence of Alternaria. This is one of the first attempts to characterize the diversity of seed endophytes in soybean and the first to characterize the impacts of fungicide spraying on these endophyte communities across three states. Our study provides evidence that the impact of a fungicide spray on soybean seed endophyte communities may be influenced by site, weather, and cultivar maturity group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlson Batzer
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Amin Shirazi
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Maia Lawson
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Febina M Mathew
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | | | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Integrated Pest Management Program and Plant Pathology and Microbiology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Wang YL, Zhang HB. Assembly and Function of Seed Endophytes in Response to Environmental Stress. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1119-1129. [PMID: 37311706 PMCID: PMC10580892 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2303.03004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seeds are colonized by diverse microorganisms that can improve the growth and stress resistance of host plants. Although understanding the mechanisms of plant endophyte-host plant interactions is increasing, much of this knowledge does not come from seed endophytes, particularly under environmental stress that the plant host grows to face, including biotic (e.g., pathogens, herbivores and insects) and abiotic factors (e.g., drought, heavy metals and salt). In this article, we first provided a framework for the assembly and function of seed endophytes and discussed the sources and assembly process of seed endophytes. Following that, we reviewed the impact of environmental factors on the assembly of seed endophytes. Lastly, we explored recent advances in the growth promotion and stress resistance enhancement of plants, functioning by seed endophytes under various biotic and abiotic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
| | - Han-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
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Haghighi TM, Saharkhiz MJ, Ramezanian A, Zarei M. The use of silicon and mycorrhizal fungi to mitigate changes in licorice leaf micromorphology, chlorophyll fluorescence, and rutin content under water-deficit conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107662. [PMID: 36989994 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of water-deficit conditions, silicon (Si) fertilizer (300 ppm), and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation by Claroiedoglomus etunicatum were evaluated on several features of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.). The measurable features were photosynthetic parameters, rutin content in aerial parts, and leaf micromorphology. Drought was administered at five levels determined by the percentage of field capacity (FC), i.e. 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% of FC. Leaf extracts were utilized for measuring rutin content (via HPLC), and photosynthetic pigments; measurement of stomatal density, and trichome analysis were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Under severe drought stress, leaf area decreased by 50.84%, compared to well-irrigated plants. A significant decrease in leaf numbers (32.52%) was observed because of deficit irrigation. AM and Si improved chlorophyll fluorescence, which corresponded to the maximum efficiency of photosystem II. Rutin content decreased significantly under deficit irrigation. Also, the integration of AM and Si treatments positively affected rutin quantity under various irrigation regimes. Under moderate stress (60% FC), using AM and/or Si treatments reduced the stomatal length by 61.22 and 52.98%, respectively. Interestingly, a significant reduction in stomatal density towards control was observed as a result of the integrated treatments of Si and AM (58.28% at W20 and 59.82% at W100), which helped plants reduce water loss when facing drought stress. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence, and rutin changed quantitatively under moderate drought stress, while more variations were observed in leaf epidermal micromorphology under severe drought stress. These findings revealed that Si and AM, by exogenous application, synergistically mitigated the effects of drought stress on licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Jamal Saharkhiz
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Asghar Ramezanian
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Zarei
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Higher Education Center of Eghlid, 73819-43885, Eghlid, Iran
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Hao Z, Wang Y, Guo X, De J. Deciphering the core seed endo-bacteriome of the highland barley in Tibet plateau. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1041504. [PMID: 36388601 PMCID: PMC9650301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1041504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Highland barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum (L.) Hook.f., qingke) has unique physical and chemical properties and good potential for industrial applications. As the only crop that can be grown at high altitudes of 4200-4500 m, qingke is well adapted to extreme habitats at high altitudes. In this study, we analysed the seed bacterial community of 58 genotypes of qingke grown in different regions of Tibet, including qingke landraces, modern cultivars, and winter barley varieties, and characterised endophytic bacterial communities in seeds from different sources and the core endo-bacteriome of qingke. This study aim to provide a reference for the application of seed endophytes as biological inoculants for sustainable agricultural production and for considering microbe-plant interactions in breeding strategies. A total of 174 qingke seed samples from five main agricultural regions in Tibet were collected and subjected to investigation of endophytic endo-bacteriome using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics approaches. The phyla of endophytic bacteria in qingke seeds from different sources were similar; however, the relative proportions of each phylum were different. Different environmental conditions, growth strategies, and modern breeding processes have significantly changed the community structure of endophytic bacteria in seeds, among which the growth strategy has a greater impact on the diversity of endophytic bacteria in seeds. Seeds from different sources have conserved beneficial core endo-bacteriome. The core endo-bacteriome of qingke seeds dominated by Enterobacteriaceae may maintain qingke growth by promoting plant growth and assisting plants in resisting pests and diseases. This study reveals the core endo-bacteriome of qingke seeds and provides a basis for exploiting the endophytic endo-bacteriome of qingke seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ji De
- *Correspondence: Xiaofang Guo, ; Ji De,
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Simonin M, Briand M, Chesneau G, Rochefort A, Marais C, Sarniguet A, Barret M. Seed microbiota revealed by a large-scale meta-analysis including 50 plant species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1448-1463. [PMID: 35175621 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed microbiota constitutes a primary inoculum for plants that is gaining attention owing to its role for plant health and productivity. Here, we performed a meta-analysis on 63 seed microbiota studies covering 50 plant species to synthesize knowledge on the diversity of this habitat. Seed microbiota are diverse and extremely variable, with taxa richness varying from one to thousands of taxa. Hence, seed microbiota presents a variable (i.e. flexible) microbial fraction but we also identified a stable (i.e. core) fraction across samples. Around 30 bacterial and fungal taxa are present in most plant species and in samples from all over the world. Core taxa, such as Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas viridiflava, P. fluorescens, Cladosporium perangustum and Alternaria sp., are dominant seed taxa. The characterization of the core and flexible seed microbiota provided here will help uncover seed microbiota roles for plant health and design effective microbiome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Simonin
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d'Angers, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Martial Briand
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d'Angers, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Guillaume Chesneau
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d'Angers, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Aude Rochefort
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d'Angers, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Coralie Marais
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d'Angers, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Alain Sarniguet
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d'Angers, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Matthieu Barret
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d'Angers, F-49000, Angers, France
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Idbella M, De Filippis F, Zotti M, Sequino G, Abd-ElGawad AM, Fechtali T, Mazzoleni S, Bonanomi G. Specific microbiome signatures under the canopy of Mediterranean shrubs. APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY 2022; 173:104407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2022.104407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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